An ecological restoration structure and method suitable for hard rock terraces

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ecological restoration structure and method suitable for hard rock terraces, comprising a non-completely continuous gravel embankment, a soil layer, a gravel dry creek, and a retaining embankment arranged on the hard terrace. The gravel embankment has an unequal-sided trapezoidal cross-section and a gentle slope of less than 15° on the side near the cliff head. The gravel embankment is an uninterrupted retaining embankment formed by spaced-apart mounds and pits. Grass is planted in the dry creek to form an ecological grass ditch. Flowering plants are planted on the gravel embankment. Seedlings of at least two-year-old trees are planted in the pits. A reserved area for debris accumulation is also provided on the gravel embankment. The present invention constructs a near-natural ecological space by rationally laying out and constructing drainage in the dry creek, planting shrubs on the gentle slope of the embankment, and planting trees in the mounds. This optimizes the micro-topography root extension and water demand environment of the plants, providing a natural, circular, and low-cost ecological restoration technology model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an ecological restoration structure, in particular to an ecological restoration structure and method suitable for hard rock terraces. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main technical measures for ecological restoration of the steep slope horse trail platform (step) of hard rock mining pits are to dig or construct a mortar-stone or cast-in-place concrete intercepting ditch at the angle between the cliff and the horse trail platform, build a water retaining bank at the cliff slope, and then cover the area between the intercepting ditch and the water retaining bank with soil for planting, forming a mortar-stone drainage ditch planting trough reclamation structure in the form of Figure 1 、 Figure 2 Although the drainage, soil covering, and planting techniques vary, the basic characteristic is a simple combination of geotechnical engineering, hydraulic engineering, and agricultural and forestry engineering techniques. The results are: the cliffs are generally safe, but visually dull; flooding is largely eliminated, but water resources are difficult to utilize; vegetation barely survives, and the site ecology is poor; the mine remains abandoned and clearly visible from satellites.

[0003] Hard rock bridleways facilitate runoff convergence and runoff acceleration, but are detrimental to energy dissipation and infiltration reduction. They are good for supporting limited soil, rock, and plants, but are detrimental to ecological preservation. They are good for preventing falling pumice, but not for preventing rebound and rolling. Hard rock mining areas typically lack topsoil and relatively little unsoiled soil. Existing ecological restoration models struggle to optimize vegetation ecology and improve restoration effectiveness without significantly increasing restoration costs by altering the soil and water environment. Planting troughs constructed from mortared stone or concrete with a rock foundation and covered soil lack rooting and groundwater access, resulting in significant degradation and dwarfing of vegetation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to seek a near-natural, circular economy, low-cost ecological restoration technology model for the ecological restoration of hard rock mining pit cliff horse trail platforms (steps), which are faced with the problems of insufficient soil sources, insufficient planting space, and water resources, and to propose an ecological restoration structure and method suitable for hard rock steps.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides an ecological restoration structure suitable for hard rock platforms, wherein the ecological restoration structure includes a non-completely continuous gravel embankment arranged on the hard platform, a foreign soil layer arranged on the gravel embankment, a gravel dry stream constructed along the cliff wall, and a retaining wall arranged on the outside of the gravel embankment. The cross-section of the gravel embankment is an unequal-sided trapezoid and the embankment on the side close to the cliff head is a gentle slope of less than 15°. The gravel embankment is an uninterrupted water retaining wall of hillocks and pits arranged at intervals. Grass is planted in the gravel dry stream to form an ecological grass ditch. Flowering and shrub plants are planted on the gravel embankment. At least two-year-old tree seedlings are planted in the pits. A reserved area for debris accumulation is also provided on the gravel embankment.

[0006] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the gravel dry creek is V-shaped or U-shaped.

[0007] Preferably, the water retaining ridge is paved with eco-bags.

[0008] Preferably, the gravel embankment, gravel dry creek and debris accumulation reserved area constitute a debris accumulation area.

[0009] Preferably, the imported soil layer is a mixture of organic solid waste compost and adjacent plain soil.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide an ecological restoration method applicable to hard rock terraces, the method comprising the following steps:

[0011] A. Form a non-completely continuous gravel embankment with an unequal-sided trapezoidal cross-section by using the overhanging rocks and pumice that have fallen on the hard terrace and cleared the cliff slope. A retaining wall is then installed on the outside of the gravel embankment, and a gravel dry stream is constructed along the cliff. A reserved area for debris accumulation is set above the gravel embankment.

[0012] B. The hillocks and pits are set at intervals on the gravel embankment, and the height, upper side length, lower side length, slope angle, and pit-hill spacing of the gravel embankment are determined. The slope of the embankment on the side close to the cliff head is set to less than 15°;

[0013] C. Target vegetation types are set based on the rock quality of the cliff slope, the scale of the terraces, the hydrogeological conditions, and security requirements. A soil layer is laid on the gravel embankment, grass is planted in the gravel dry creek to form an ecological grass ditch, flowering and shrub plants are planted on the gravel embankment, and at least two-year-old tree seedlings are planted in the pits;

[0014] D. Carry out daily maintenance and management during the seedling stage and vegetation succession period.

[0015] Based on the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0016] The ecological restoration structure and method suitable for hard rock terraces of the present invention use gravel fallen from cliffs and organic solid waste as basic materials for ecological restoration, and through reasonable measures and layout construction, realize a near-natural ecological space in which gravel dry creeks are used for drainage, shrubs are planted on gentle slopes of embankments, and trees are planted in hills, thereby optimizing the micro-topography root extension and water demand environment of plants; by improving the soil hydrological environment, the vegetation restoration effect is optimized and the rapid growth of strip-shaped layered vegetation is promoted, thereby forming a near-natural stepped rock wall landscape with a cliff debris zone for energy dissipation and rebound prevention, a rolling tree and shrub ecological protection zone, and a visually shielded vegetation zone, thereby realizing an economic and technical model for recycling solid waste and organic waste and treating waste with waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mortar-stone intercepting ditch structure in the tree planting pool;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of digging intercepting ditches for planting grass in shallow ponds;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological restoration structure;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross section A1-A2 of the ecological restoration structure;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological restoration structure cross section B1-B2;

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal section C1-C2 of the ecological restoration structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] The present invention provides an ecological restoration structure suitable for hard rock terraces, such as Figures 3 to 6 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Through studying the ecological environment of natural mountain cliffs, this study found that the stone terrace debris zone below the cliff is usually well-developed with trees and shrubs. Studies of rock terraces in abandoned hard rock mining pits revealed a progression: mining and smelting stone terraces – cliff weathering – scattered rockfall – intermittent rockfall – intermittent rockfall zones – scattered grass and shrubs – continuous rockfall on a platform – and then a discontinuous tree and shrub vegetation zone.

[0027] Based on the research findings, gravel and organic solid waste fallen from cliffs are used as the basic materials for ecological restoration. Through reasonable measures, a near-natural ecological space is constructed in which gravel dry creeks are used to intercept and drain water, shrubs are planted on the gentle slopes of embankments, and trees are planted in hills, thereby optimizing the micro-topography root extension and water demand environment of plants. By improving the soil hydrological environment, the vegetation restoration effect is optimized and the rapid growth of strip-shaped layered vegetation is promoted, thus forming a near-natural stepped rock wall landscape with a cliff debris zone for energy dissipation and rebound prevention, a rolling tree and shrub ecological protection zone, and a visually shielded vegetation zone, thus realizing an economic and technical model for the recycling of solid waste and organic waste and waste treatment.

[0028] like Figures 2 to 5As shown, the ecological restoration structure includes a non-completely continuous gravel embankment 6 set on a hard step 5, a foreign soil layer 7 set on the gravel embankment 6, a gravel dry creek 2 constructed along the cliff wall 1, and a retaining wall 4 set on the outside of the gravel embankment 6. The cross-section of the gravel embankment 6 is an unequal-sided trapezoid and the embankment on the side close to the cliff head is a gentle slope of less than 15°. The gravel embankment 6 is an uninterrupted water retaining wall of interval-arranged hillocks 3 and pits 9. Grass is planted in the gravel dry creek 2 to form an ecological grass ditch. Flowering shrubs are planted on the gravel embankment 6. Two-year-old tree seedlings are planted in the pits 9. A debris accumulation reserved area 8 is also provided on the gravel embankment 6. The gravel embankment 6, the gravel dry creek 2 and the debris accumulation reserved area 8 constitute a debris accumulation area.

[0029] Preferably, the cross-section of the gravel dry creek 2 is V-shaped or U-shaped. The water retaining embankment 4 is paved with eco-bags. The debris accumulation reserved area 8 is a space for future debris accumulation, where overhanging rocks and floating stones that may fall on the gravel embankment 6 are trapped by trees and shrubs. The imported soil layer 7 is a mixture of organic solid waste compost and adjacent plain soil.

[0030] The present invention replaces the traditional intercepting ditch with a gravel dry creek, which not only ensures the basic function of intercepting water collection on the cliff slope, but also increases the retention and infiltration function of ecological water demand in the hard rock platform area, reduces construction and maintenance costs, avoids rock fissure stress caused by ditch excavation, and at the same time has the function of debris bearing space.

[0031] The present invention uses gravel to construct embankments, changing the traditional ecological restoration model of directly covering hard rock steps with soil. It eliminates the cost of cleaning and expands the space for the roots of woody plants to extend. It increases the binary soil restoration structure to a three-layer structure of weathered gravel, laying the foundation for the goal of leaching to form a four-layer soil restoration structure.

[0032] Gravel embankments can reasonably retain, store, infiltrate and use the water resources intercepted by gravel dry creeks, and improve the ratio of utilization and loss in the platform area, providing guarantee conditions for the ecological water needs of vegetation, while providing sufficient space for soil leaching and root extension of woody plants, and providing solid support for the crowns of standing trees.

[0033] The gravel-embanked dry creek optimizes the ecological environment of the hard rock terrace, establishing a sound foundation and evolutionary space for the structural relationships between rock, soil, water, and plants. It also creates a better platform for weathered rockfall and an ecological barrier. Over time, while the reserved space for rockfall continues to decrease, the vegetation belt's ability to prevent rockfall rebound and rolling continues to increase, leading to an increasingly natural ecological similarity between the cliff and terrace.

[0034] Specifically, the present invention also provides an ecological restoration method applicable to hard rock terraces, the method comprising the following steps:

[0035] A. The debris that falls on the hard terrace 5 and the overhanging rocks and floating stones on the cliff slope are cleaned to form a non-completely continuous gravel embankment 6. The cross-section of the gravel embankment 6 is an unequal-sided trapezoid. Then, a retaining wall 4 is set on the outside of the gravel embankment 6, and a gravel dry stream 2 is constructed along the cliff 1. A debris accumulation reserved area 8 is set above the gravel embankment 6.

[0036] B. The hillocks 3 and pits 9 are set at intervals on the gravel embankment 6. The height, upper side length, lower side length and slope angle of the gravel embankment 6 and the spacing between the pits and hillocks 3 are determined. The slope of the embankment on the side close to the cliff head is set to less than 15°.

[0037] C. Set the target vegetation stage type according to the cliff rock quality, step scale, hydrogeological conditions, and security requirements, lay a foreign soil layer 7 on the gravel embankment 6, plant grass in the gravel dry creek 2 to form an ecological grass ditch, plant flowering and shrub plants on the gravel embankment 6, and plant at least two-year-old tree seedlings in the pit 9.

[0038] D. Carry out daily maintenance and management during the seedling stage and vegetation succession period.

[0039] The ecological restoration structure and method suitable for hard rock terraces of the present invention use gravel fallen from cliffs and organic solid waste as basic materials for ecological restoration, and through reasonable measures and layout, construct a near-natural ecological space in which dry creeks are intercepted and drained, shrubs are planted on the gentle slopes of embankments, and trees are planted in hills, thereby optimizing the micro-topography root extension and water demand environment of plants; by improving the soil hydrological environment, the vegetation restoration effect is optimized, and the rapid growth of strip-shaped layered vegetation is promoted, thereby forming a near-natural stepped rock wall landscape with a cliff debris zone for energy dissipation and rebound prevention, a rolling tree and shrub ecological protection zone, and a visually shielded vegetation zone; even if the dry creek is filled with fallen rocks, the cliff will not lose its water collection and energy dissipation and dredging functions; at the same time, the increasingly powerful tree and shrub belt will replace the embankment's function of preventing rock rebound and rolling, realizing the evolution from engineering protection measures to ecological protection measures, and ultimately realizing an economic and technical model of recycling solid waste and organic waste and treating waste with waste.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention. They should all be included in the scope of the technical solution for protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration structure suitable for hard rock terraces, characterized by: The ecological restoration structure includes a non-completely continuous gravel embankment (6) set on a hard step (5), a foreign soil layer (7) set on the gravel embankment (6), a gravel dry creek (2) constructed along the cliff (1), and a retaining wall (4) set outside the gravel embankment (6). The cross section of the gravel embankment (6) is an unequal-sided trapezoid and the embankment on the side close to the cliff slope head is a gentle slope of less than 15 degrees. The gravel embankment (6) is an uninterrupted retaining wall of hillocks (3) and pits (9) set at intervals. Grass is planted in the gravel dry creek (2) to form an ecological grass ditch. Flowers and shrubs are planted on the gravel embankment (6). At least two-year-old tree seedlings are planted in the pits (9). A debris accumulation reserved area (8) is also provided on the gravel embankment (6). The foreign soil layer (7) is a mixture of organic solid waste compost and adjacent plain soil.

2. The ecological restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the gravel dry creek (2) is V-shaped or U-shaped.

3. The ecological restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The barrier (4) is paved with eco-bags.

4. The ecological restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gravel embankment (6), the gravel dry creek (2) and the debris accumulation reserved area (8) constitute a debris accumulation area.

5. An ecological restoration method applicable to hard rock terraces, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: A. Forming a non-completely continuous gravel embankment (6) with the debris on the hard terrace (5) and the overhanging rocks and floating stones on the cliff slope, wherein the cross section of the gravel embankment (6) is an unequal-sided trapezoid, then setting a retaining wall (4) outside the gravel embankment (6), constructing a gravel dry stream (2) along the cliff (1), and setting a debris accumulation reserved area (8) above the gravel embankment (6); B. The hillocks (3) and pits (9) are spaced apart on the gravel embankment (6), and the height, upper side length, lower side length and slope angle of the gravel embankment (6) and the spacing between the hillocks (3) and the pits (9) are determined, and the slope of the embankment on the side close to the cliff head is set to be less than 15°; C. According to the rock quality of the cliff slope, the scale of the terrace, the hydrogeological conditions, and the security requirements, a target vegetation stage type is set, a foreign soil layer (7) is laid on the gravel embankment (6), grass is planted in the gravel dry creek (2) to form an ecological grass ditch, flowering shrubs are planted on the gravel embankment (6), and at least two-year-old tree seedlings are planted in the pit (9); D. Carry out daily maintenance and management during the seedling stage and vegetation succession period.

6. The ecological restoration method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The imported soil layer (7) is formed by mixing organic solid waste compost and adjacent plain soil.

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