A rapid sample transport system and method for extremely low temperature environments

Abstract

The present invention provides a rapid sample transport system and method for an extremely low temperature environment, specifically: a first stepper motor drives a sample tube to move vertically; one end of a vertical transmission rod is connected to a second stepper motor, and the other end is connected to a cold plate transmission rod; the cold plate transmission rod is horizontally arranged on the cold plate and perpendicular to the vertical transmission rod; the sample tube is parallel to the vertical transmission rod and both pass through the cold plate and are perpendicular to the cold plate transmission rod; the cold plate transmission rod is connected to the sample tube via a transmission gear; the transmission gear is fixed to the cold plate; a sample tube transmission tooth is provided on the sample tube and meshes with the transmission gear; the second stepper motor drives the vertical transmission rod to rotate, which in turn drives the cold plate transmission rod to rotate, thereby enabling the sample tube to move vertically. This allows a process that previously required two people to be completed by one person in a short time, thereby achieving convenience and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of mechanical technology, and in particular relates to a system and method for quickly conveying samples in an extremely low temperature environment. Background Art

[0002] Temperature is closely related to our daily lives. From the low temperatures of refrigerators to the comfortable water temperature of showers, from the cryogenic temperatures of liquid helium required for superconducting cables to the high temperatures of jet engines, many of our engineering facilities experience varying temperatures. Temperature is equally crucial in the study of material science. At the forefront of disciplines like physics and materials science, scientists are often interested in the electrical properties of materials at varying temperatures. Among these temperatures, material scientists are often interested in the properties of materials at low and even ultra-low temperatures. Because thermal fluctuations are effectively suppressed at low temperatures, even below 300mK, the electronic structure and macroscopic physical properties of materials can be more clearly visualized, leading to a deeper understanding of the quantum-mechanical processes underlying our understanding.

[0003] The prior art has the following problems:

[0004] In scientific research, liquid helium refrigerators or dry refrigeration systems based on liquid helium compressors can provide temperatures as low as 1.5K. Extremely low temperatures of 50mK are achieved through Pomeranchuk refrigerators, adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators, and dilution refrigerators. Dilution refrigerators are currently the most commercially viable and capable of long-term stable operation. Currently, established brands of dilution refrigerators can achieve stable temperatures of 5mK. Dilution refrigerator technology offers the advantages of supporting continuous operation for months at a base temperature below 10mK. It also supports the addition of superconducting magnets to apply strong magnetic fields and the expansion of the refrigeration zone as needed, making it ideal for material science research. Recently, with the rise of quantum computing, countries around the world have invested heavily in quantum computing research and development. Quantum computers operate in the extremely low temperatures provided by dilution refrigerators.

[0005] To use a dilution refrigerator, a room-temperature sample is placed in the refrigerator's low-temperature zone. The refrigerator is then operated until the sample temperature drops from room temperature to a minimum of approximately 10 mK. Testing can then be performed at this ultra-low temperature. Currently, some dilution refrigerators require heating the entire device to room temperature before removing the temperature shield, placing the sample in the refrigerator, reinstalling the shield, and then cooling the machine. Considering the time required for heating and cooling, sample replacement typically takes two days.

[0006] In order to reduce the sample changing time, manufacturers such as Oxford Instruments currently adopt a strategy of placing the sample in a sample tube. The temperature of the entire dilution refrigerator does not rise to room temperature, and the temperature of the lowest temperature zone is maintained at a low temperature of about 10K. The sample tube is inserted from the room temperature atmospheric environment to the vacuum low temperature environment through the sample transfer rod. After the sample tube is in place, the connector for measuring the electrical signal is automatically completed, and then the transfer rod is pulled out. Since the sample tube is at room temperature, the temperature of the lowest temperature area will rise to about 100K, and then it will cool down normally. The cooling time of this solution can be controlled within 10 hours. At present, this solution requires at least 1.5m of space to be reserved at the top of the vacuum chamber of the low-temperature equipment for the installation of the transfer rod, and at least two people are required to operate the sample replacement operation, which is extremely inconvenient. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a technical solution of a system and method for rapid sample transmission in an ultra-low temperature environment to solve the above technical problems.

[0008] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a rapid sample transport system for an extremely low temperature environment is disclosed, the system comprising: a first stepper motor, a second stepper motor, a vertical transmission rod, a cold plate transmission rod, a sample tube, a cold plate, and a transmission gear; the first stepper motor drives the sample tube to move in a vertical direction; one end of the vertical transmission rod is connected to the second stepper motor, and the other end is connected to the cold plate transmission rod; the cold plate transmission rod is horizontally arranged on the cold plate and perpendicular to the vertical transmission rod; the sample tube is parallel to the vertical transmission rod and both pass through the cold plate and are perpendicular to the cold plate transmission rod; the cold plate transmission rod is connected to the sample tube via the transmission gear; the transmission gear is fixed to the cold plate; a sample tube transmission tooth is provided on the sample tube and meshes with the transmission gear; the second stepper motor drives the vertical transmission rod to rotate, the vertical transmission rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to rotate, the cold plate transmission rod drives the transmission gear to rotate, and the transmission gear drives the sample tube to move in the vertical direction.

[0009] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, the system includes an electric push rod, which is connected to the second stepper motor; the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod engages or disengages with the transmission gear.

[0010] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, a first transmission rod gear and a second transmission rod gear are respectively provided at both ends of the cold plate transmission rod; a vertical transmission rod gear is provided on the vertical transmission rod;

[0011] The first gear of the transmission rod is engaged with the gear of the vertical transmission rod;

[0012] The second gear of the transmission rod is engaged with the transmission gear.

[0013] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, the cold plate is a circular plate including a first cold plate hole and a second cold plate hole. The first cold plate hole is arranged in the middle of the cold plate for passing the sample tube; the second cold plate hole is used for passing the vertical transmission rod.

[0014] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, the system further includes a heat transfer module, and the heat transfer module is arranged between the first hole of the cold plate and the sample tube.

[0015] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, the number of the cold plates, cold plate transmission rods, and transmission gears is 3-10; the number of cold plate transmission rods and transmission gears is less than or equal to the number of cold plates; and the number of the vertical transmission rod and sample tube is 1.

[0016] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, the number of the cold plate, the cold plate transmission rod, and the transmission gear are all five, and the cold plate gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom.

[0017] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, a sample holder is provided below the smallest cold plate for holding the sample tube after it is lowered.

[0018] According to the technical solution of the first aspect of the present invention, a cold plate position detection electrode head is provided on the cold plate; and a sample tube position detection electrode head is provided on the sample tube.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for rapidly transporting samples in an extremely low temperature environment, the method specifically comprising: operating a first stepper motor to transport the sample tube to the cold plate, operating a second stepper motor, and engaging the sample tube transmission teeth on the sample tube with the transmission gear; the second stepper motor drives the vertical transmission rod to rotate, the vertical transmission rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to rotate, the cold plate transmission rod drives the transmission gear to rotate, the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod engages with the transmission gear, allowing the sample tube to move in the vertical direction; after the sample tube reaches the final position, the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod is separated from the transmission gear, and the second stepper motor is stopped to complete the transport of the sample tube.

[0020] According to the technical solution of the second aspect of the present invention, before running the first stepper motor, the following method is also included:

[0021] After placing the sample tube into the transition chamber, the transition chamber is closed and vacuumed, and the sample tube is pre-cooled using the electric cooling module of the transition chamber. When the vacuum degree and pre-cooling reach the preset values, the gate valve between the transition chamber and the dilution refrigerator is opened.

[0022] As can be seen, the proposed solution utilizes automated control to transfer samples from room temperature to the sample area, eliminating the need for a sample transfer rod. This saves up to 1.5 m of headroom, expanding the experimental equipment's installation compatibility. Furthermore, the injection process is programmatically tracked using position and temperature sensors. Therefore, the user only needs to place the sample tube into the transition chamber, after which the program automatically controls the process. This allows a single person to complete a task that previously required two people in a fraction of the time, resulting in a highly convenient and efficient system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a rapid sample transport system for use in an extremely low temperature environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of sample tube transmission of a rapid sample transport system for use in an extremely low temperature environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a method for rapidly transporting samples in an extremely low temperature environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1-first stepper motor, 2-transition cabin, 3-electric push rod, 4-second stepper motor, 5-vertical transmission rod, 501-vertical transmission rod gear, 6-cold plate transmission rod, 601-transmission rod first gear, 602-transmission rod second gear, 7-heat transfer module, 8-sample holder, 9-outer wall of the vacuum chamber of the refrigerator, 10-refrigeration machine cold head, 11-refrigeration heat sink, 12-gate valve, 13-electric heating and cooling module, 14-sample tube, 1401-sample tube transmission gear, 1402-sample tube position detection electrode head, 15-cold plate, 1501-cold plate first hole, 1502-cold plate position detection electrode head, 1503-cold plate second hole, 16-transmission gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] In the field of cryogenic equipment or systems, ultra-low temperature refers to equipment or systems that can provide a temperature range below 1K. The present invention discloses a rapid sample transfer system for an ultra-low temperature environment, specifically Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a first stepper motor 1, a second stepper motor 4, a vertical transmission rod 5, a cold plate transmission rod 6, a sample tube 14, a cold plate 15 and a transmission gear 16; the first stepper motor 1 drives the sample tube 14 to move in the vertical direction; the first stepper motor 1 controls the movement of the sample tube 14 from above the first cold plate to the transition cabin, one end of the vertical transmission rod 5 is connected to the second stepper motor 4, and the other end is connected to the cold plate transmission rod 6; the cold plate transmission rod 6 is horizontally arranged on the cold plate 15 and is perpendicular to the vertical transmission rod 5; The sample tubes are parallel to the vertical transmission rod 5 and both pass through the cold plate 15, perpendicular to the cold plate transmission rod 6. The cold plate transmission rod 6 is connected to the sample tube 14 via the transmission gear 16, which is fixed to the cold plate 15. The sample tube 14 is provided with sample tube transmission teeth 1401, which mesh with the transmission gear 16. To enable click-driven sample transfer, the wall of the sample tube 14 is designed with threads, namely the sample tube transmission teeth 1401. The threads engage with the transmission gear 16 on the cold plate, thereby rotating the gears to transfer the sample tube 14. The first stepper motor 1 can drive the sample tube 14 in the vertical direction, and the second stepper motor 4 can also drive the sample tube 14 in the vertical direction through a similar transmission system.

[0031] The second stepper motor 4 drives the vertical transmission rod 5 to rotate, the vertical transmission rod 5 drives the cold plate transmission rod 6 to rotate, the cold plate transmission rod 6 drives the transmission gear 16 to rotate, and the transmission gear 16 drives the sample tube 14 to move in the vertical direction.

[0032] The second stepper motor 4 is a rotary stepper motor in order to transmit the power of rotation to the transmission gear 16 on each layer of cold plate through the vertical transmission rod 5. The vertical transmission rod 5 has good thermal insulation performance and is fixed on the rotating shaft of the second stepper motor 4.

[0033] The system includes an electric push rod 3 connected to a second stepping motor 4 ; the electric push rod 3 drives the cold plate transmission rod 6 to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod 6 engages with or disengages from the transmission gear 16 .

[0034] In order to reduce heat leakage when the cold plate transmission rod 6 is not in use, the cold plate transmission rod 6 needs to be pulled up by the electric push rod 3 to separate the cold plate transmission rod 6 from the transmission gear 16. The goal of engaging the gears when in use and separating them when not in use can be achieved.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the two ends of the cold plate transmission rod 6 are respectively provided with a first transmission rod gear 601 and a second transmission rod gear 602; the vertical transmission rod 5 is provided with a vertical transmission rod gear 501;

[0036] The first gear 601 of the transmission rod is engaged with the gear 501 of the vertical transmission rod;

[0037] The second gear 602 of the transmission rod is engaged with the transmission gear 16 .

[0038] The cold plate 15 is a circular plate with a central circular hole, a first cold plate hole 1501, for passing the sample tube 14. A second cold plate hole 1503 is provided near the edge of the cold plate 15 for passing the vertical transmission rod 5. Of course, the cold plate has multiple holes, and the first cold plate hole 1501 and the second cold plate hole 1503 are only two of them.

[0039] Since the vertical transmission rod 5 is long and experiences multiple temperature ranges, in order to reduce the swing during rotation, there is a small hole, namely the second cold plate hole 1503, on each cold plate to lock the vertical transmission rod 5 in the horizontal degree of freedom to prevent left and right shaking, and at the same time can play a role in heat transfer to a certain extent.

[0040] The system further includes a heat transfer module 7 , which is disposed between the first hole 1501 of the cold plate and the sample tube 14 . The heat transfer module may be a spring sheet, which can be used to clamp the sample tube 14 while transferring heat.

[0041] The sample tube 14 is a device that stores the sample and connects the sample's electrical signal line. It is the structure that allows the sample to enter the low-temperature vacuum sample area from the room temperature atmosphere. The sample tube 14 needs to transfer heat at each level of the cold plate 15. The heat of the sample tube 14 itself is transferred to the cold plate 15 through good thermal contact. Therefore, the heat transfer structure of the cold plate 15 is necessary. The cold plate heat transfer structure is a circle of heat transfer modules 7 fixed to the cold plate. The sample tube can pass through the hole surrounded by the heat transfer module 7 and be compressed by the heat transfer module 7, which can play a role in heat transfer. The heat transfer module 7 is specifically a spring plate.

[0042] The number of the cold plates 15, cold plate transmission rods 6, and transmission gears 16 is 3-10. One cold plate transmission rod 6 and one transmission gear 16 can be provided for each cold plate. The number of cold plate transmission rods and transmission gears can also be less than or equal to the number of cold plates. According to different usage requirements, some cold plates may not be equipped with cold plate transmission rods and transmission gears. The number of the vertical transmission rod 5 and the number of the sample tube 14 are both one.

[0043] In some embodiments, specifically, the number of the cold plate 15 , the cold plate transmission rod 6 , and the transmission gear 16 are all five, and the cold plate 15 gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of a rapid sample transport system for an extremely low temperature environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system also includes a transition cabin 2, an outer wall of a vacuum chamber of a refrigerator 9, a refrigerator cold head 10, a cooling heat sink 11, a gate valve 12, an electric heating and cooling module 13, etc.

[0045] The system of the present invention is primarily used for sample transfer within a dilution refrigerator and other cryogenic equipment. This section primarily describes the relationship between the sample transfer system and other components of the dilution refrigerator. The dilution refrigerator and its associated components are depicted in the figure. A dilution refrigerator operates within a vacuum environment and typically contains five cold plates, with temperatures decreasing from top to bottom. Each cold plate has a central opening (first cold plate hole 1501) for passage of a sample tube 14.

[0046] A sample holder 8 is provided below the smallest cold plate for holding the sample tube 14 after it is lowered.

[0047] During the sample transfer phase, the position of the sample tube 14 must be determined. Therefore, a sample tube position sensor is installed at each cold plate. This sensor uses electrical potential or resistance to determine whether the sample tube has reached the cold plate. The running length of the stepper motor can also be used to determine the sample tube's delivery position. Using these two methods simultaneously improves system stability. The control structure, a microcomputer at the control end, uses data sent back by sensors and the temperature gauges of each cold plate to determine whether to continue activating the stepper motor to transfer the sample or wait for the cold plate to cool. Specifically, position control can be achieved by installing a cold plate position detection electrode head 1502 on the cold plate 15 and a sample tube position detection electrode head 1402 on the sample tube 14.

[0048] During the sample transfer phase, the position of the sample tube must be determined. Therefore, a sample tube position sensor is installed at each cold plate. This sensor uses electrical potential or resistance to determine whether the sample tube has reached the plate. Furthermore, the stepper motor's running length can be used to determine the sample tube's transfer position. Using both methods simultaneously improves system stability. The control structure, a microcomputer on the control side, uses data from sensors and temperature gauges on each cold plate to determine whether to continue stepping the motor to transfer the sample or wait for the plate to cool.

[0049] In summary, the present invention can efficiently and automatically change samples, and improve the cooling power when cooling the sample through a multi-stage cooling method; adopt the pre-cooling mode of electric refrigeration to first conduct as much heat as possible out of the sample tube, thereby reducing the impact of the sample entering and exiting the sample on the thermal stability of the system; adopt a weak connection heat sink on the first-level cold plate, so that the sample tube is cooled to a certain temperature before entering the first-level cold plate, reducing the impact of the sample entering the first-level cold plate on the temperature stability of the entire system; and adopt a combination of an electric push rod and a stepper motor to complete a detachable transmission device.

[0050] Example 2:

[0051] According to the rapid sample transport system for a very low temperature environment described in Example 1, a rapid sample transport method for a very low temperature environment is provided, such as Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a sample tube transmission system for rapid sample transfer in an extremely low temperature environment, wherein the corresponding specific method includes:

[0052] The first stepper motor is operated to deliver the sample tube to the cold plate, and the second stepper motor is operated to drive the vertical transmission rod to rotate, and the sample tube transmission teeth on the sample tube are engaged with the transmission gear; the vertical transmission rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to rotate, and the cold plate transmission rod drives the transmission gear to rotate, and the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod and the transmission gear are engaged, so that the sample tube can move in the vertical direction; after the sample tube reaches the final position, the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod is separated from the transmission gear, and the second stepper motor is stopped to complete the transmission of the sample tube.

[0053] Of course, in some specific embodiments, before starting the above method, the following method is also included:

[0054] After placing the sample tube into the transition chamber, the transition chamber is closed and vacuumed, and the sample tube is pre-cooled using the electric cooling module of the transition chamber. When the vacuum degree and pre-cooling reach the preset values, the gate valve between the transition chamber and the dilution refrigerator is opened.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, especially for extremely low temperature equipment, a specific method for quickly transporting samples in an extremely low temperature environment is as follows: place the sample tube into the transition chamber, close the transition chamber, and use the electrothermal cooling module of the transition chamber to pre-cool the sample tube. After the temperature stabilizes, the transition chamber is evacuated using a molecular pump and the vacuum degree is stable, open the gate valve between the transition chamber and the dilution refrigerator, and then start the first stepper motor to send the sample tube to the heat sink weakly connected to the first cold plate. Wait for a few minutes to complete the second step of pre-cooling. After the temperature stabilizes, continue to use the first stepper motor to push the sample tube down. After entering the first cold plate and moving to the position of the detector (sample tube position detection electrode head 1402), the system measures that the sample tube is in place, and the first stepper motor stops running. At this time, the temperature of the first cold plate rises and the temperature of the sample tube drops. At this time, wait for the temperature of the first cold plate to rise. After lowering, the second stepper motor is started, and at the same time, the electric push rod 3 causes the cold plate transmission rod 6 to engage with the transmission gear 16; the second stepper motor drives the vertical transmission rod to rotate, and the vertical transmission rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to rotate, and the cold plate transmission rod drives the transmission gear to rotate, and the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod and the transmission gear are engaged, so that the sample tube can move in the vertical direction; and the sample tube is moved to the second cold plate, and so on, each cold plate is carried out in sequence until the sample tube is moved to the bottom and inserted into the sample holder 8. During the sample transfer stage, the position of the sample tube needs to be clearly determined, so a sample tube position sensor is provided at each cold plate, which determines whether the sample tube has reached the cold plate through potential or resistance, and the sample tube transfer position can be determined by the running length of the stepper motor.

[0056] Specifically, in some embodiments, during the sample transfer phase, the position of the sample tube 14 needs to be clearly determined. Therefore, a sample tube position sensor is provided at each cold plate. This sensor uses electrical potential or resistance to determine whether the sample tube has reached the cold plate. Simultaneously, the sample tube transfer position can be determined by the running length of the stepper motor. Using both methods simultaneously improves system stability. The control structure is a microcomputer at the control end. Data transmitted back by sensors and each cold plate thermometer determines whether the stepper motor should continue to transfer the sample or wait for the cold plate to cool. Specifically, position control can be achieved by providing a cold plate position detection electrode head 1502 on the cold plate 15 and a sample tube position detection electrode head 1402 on the sample tube 14.

[0057] After the sample tube is moved to the bottom and inserted into the sample holder 8, position control can be completed by setting a cold plate position detection electrode head 1502 on the cold plate 15 and a sample tube position detection electrode head 1402 on the sample tube 14. The control system is triggered to operate the second stepper motor to separate the cold plate transmission rod 6 from the transmission gear 16. At this point, the entire system continues to cool down to complete subsequent work and processes.

[0058] In some specific embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 The control process, implementation and control of the entire system, for easy understanding, Figure 3 The stepper motor 1 is the first stepper motor in Example 1-2, and the stepper motor 2 is the second stepper motor in Example 1-2. The number of cold plates can be N, or the number of cold plates can be set to 5 as in the preferred solution in Example 1.

[0059] In summary, the technical solutions of various aspects of the present invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art: The present invention provides a system and method for rapid sample transfer in an extremely low temperature environment. Since the present invention adopts an automatic control method to transfer samples from room temperature to the sample area without using a sample transfer rod, it can save up to 1.5m of equipment top space, expanding the installation environment compatibility of the experimental equipment. At the same time, since the sample transfer rod is generally heavy and requires two people to operate at the same time, the present invention allows the operation that previously required two people to be completed by one person in a very short time. At the same time, the injection process can track the injection status according to the position and temperature sensor through the program, so the user only needs to put the sample tube into the transition chamber, and then it can be automatically controlled by the program. The sample tube can stay and cool down at different cold plates, which improves the refrigeration power during the cooling process and reduces the time required for sample cooling. Therefore, the system is convenient and efficient.

[0060] Please note that the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of this application, several variations and improvements can be made, which all fall within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent in this application shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A rapid sample transfer system for extremely low temperature environments, characterized in that: The system includes: a first stepper motor, a second stepper motor, a vertical transmission rod, a cold plate transmission rod, a sample tube, an electric push rod, a cold plate and a transmission gear; the first stepper motor drives the sample tube to move in the vertical direction, and the first stepper motor controls the movement of the sample tube from above the first cold plate to the transition cabin; one end of the vertical transmission rod is connected to the second stepper motor, and the other end is connected to the cold plate transmission rod; the cold plate transmission rod is horizontally arranged on the cold plate and perpendicular to the vertical transmission rod; the sample tube is parallel to the vertical transmission rod and passes through the cold plate and is perpendicular to the cold plate transmission rod; the cold plate transmission rod is connected to the transmission gear through the transmission gear. The sample tube is connected; the transmission gear is fixed to the cold plate; the sample tube is provided with a sample tube transmission tooth and meshes with the transmission gear; the second stepper motor drives the vertical transmission rod to rotate, the vertical transmission rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to rotate, and the cold plate transmission rod drives the transmission gear to rotate, so that the sample tube can move in the vertical direction; the second stepper motor is a rotary stepper motor, which transmits the rotational power to the transmission gears on each layer of the cold plate through the vertical transmission rod; the electric push rod is connected to the second stepper motor; the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod meshes with or disengages from the transmission gear; Wherein, the two ends of the cold plate transmission rod are respectively provided with a first transmission rod gear and a second transmission rod gear; the vertical transmission rod is provided with a vertical transmission rod gear; the first transmission rod gear is meshed with the vertical transmission rod gear; the second transmission rod gear is meshed with the transmission gear; The cold plate includes a first cold plate hole and a second cold plate hole. The first cold plate hole is provided in the middle of the cold plate for passing the sample tube; the second cold plate hole is used for passing the vertical transmission rod.

2. The rapid sample transport system for ultra-low temperature environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further includes a heat transfer module disposed between the first hole of the cold plate and the sample tube.

3. The rapid sample transport system for ultra-low temperature environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the cold plates, cold plate transmission rods and transmission gears is 3-10; the number of the cold plate transmission rod transmission gears is less than or equal to the number of the cold plates; the number of the vertical transmission rod and the sample tube is 1.

4. The rapid sample transport system for ultra-low temperature environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the cold plate, the cold plate transmission rod and the transmission gear are all 5, and the cold plate gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom.

5. The rapid sample transport system for ultra-low temperature environment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sample holder is provided below the smallest cold plate for holding the sample tube after it is lowered.

6. The rapid sample transport system for extremely low temperature environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cold plate is provided with a cold plate position detection electrode head; the sample tube is provided with a sample tube position detection electrode head.

7. A method for rapidly transporting samples in an extremely low temperature environment using the rapid sample transport system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method includes: The first stepper motor is operated to send the sample tube to the cold plate, and the second stepper motor is operated to make the sample tube transmission tooth on the sample tube engage with the transmission gear; the second stepper motor drives the vertical transmission rod to rotate, and the vertical transmission rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to rotate, and the cold plate transmission rod drives the transmission gear to rotate, and the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod and the transmission gear are engaged, so that the sample tube can move in the vertical direction; after the sample tube reaches the final position, the electric push rod drives the cold plate transmission rod to move, so that the cold plate transmission rod is separated from the transmission gear, and the second stepper motor is stopped to complete the transmission of the sample tube.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Before running the first stepper motor, the following method is also included: After the sample tube is placed in the transition chamber, the transition chamber is closed and vacuumed. At the same time, the sample tube is pre-cooled using the electric cooling module of the transition chamber. When the vacuum degree and pre-cooling reach the preset values, the gate valve between the transition chamber and the dilution refrigerator is opened.

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