A Space High-Power Hybrid Energy System Structure and Multi-Mode Control Method

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-power hybrid energy system structure and multi-mode control method for space, comprising a power system and a control system. The system ensures maximum power transmission from the thermion source by acquiring its output voltage, with excess energy consumed by dissipative loads. Simultaneously, it ensures power transmission matching and dynamic adjustment between the thermion source, solar array, and battery bank by acquiring the common bus voltage. This invention addresses the shortcomings of traditional solar array-battery bank energy systems for high-power deep-space missions, forming a hybrid space energy system with the thermion source as the primary component and the solar array-battery bank as a secondary component, while simultaneously ensuring power regulation and energy distribution under multi-mode control. The design concept and system control method proposed in this invention provide reference and assistance for achieving power transmission matching and dynamic adjustment of high-power hybrid energy systems in space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of space power technology, and relates to a space high-power hybrid energy system structure, and particularly to a multi-mode control method applicable to the space high-power hybrid energy system structure. Background Technology

[0002] As humanity continues its exploration and research in deep space, traditional solar array-battery system structures will become increasingly limited for high-power space missions such as manned deep space flight and interplanetary deep space exploration, where utilizing solar energy is challenging. Space-based high-power hybrid energy systems, represented by thermionic sources-solar arrays-battery systems, are showing enormous development and application potential. Thermionic sources primarily utilize nuclear fission and decay energy as their thermal power source, unaffected by sunlight or other environmental factors. Combined with traditional solar array-battery systems, they are more suitable for high-power deep space exploration missions.

[0003] However, the operating characteristics of the thermion source differ significantly from those of the solar cell array. When energy is abundant, the solar cell array can form a dissipation loop through its own shunt regulator, while the thermion source requires an additional dissipation loop to ensure its own reliability. Therefore, to ensure the thermion source can output maximum power and provide stable power to the bus, dual-end regulation of the intermediate conversion section is necessary. Furthermore, the hybrid energy system has a complex structure; ensuring coordinated operation among the thermion source, solar cell array, and battery bank necessitates a suitable control method to achieve effective power regulation, transmission matching, and dynamic switching among the components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a space high-power hybrid energy system structure and multi-mode control method, which can effectively realize power regulation and switching between the thermion source, the solar cell array and the battery pack, while ensuring dual-end power regulation during the independent operation of the thermion source. That is, while ensuring the maximum power output of the thermion source, the stability of the power supply to the bus load can be achieved, which meets the urgent needs of high-power space vehicles for the application of new energy system structures.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: a space high-power hybrid energy system, comprising a thermionic source, two sets of main power converters, a dissipative load, a solar cell array, a shunt regulator, a battery bank, two sets of discharge regulators, two sets of charge regulators, an isolation unit, and a bus load; the output terminal of the thermionic source is connected to the input terminal of the first set of main power converters, the output terminal of the first set of main power converters is connected to the input terminal of the second set of main power converters, the output terminal of the second set of main power converters is connected to the dissipative load, the output terminal of the solar cell array is connected to the input terminal of the shunt regulator, the output terminal of the shunt regulator is connected to the input terminal of the isolation unit, and the battery bank is connected to the output terminals of the first and second sets of charge regulators, and also connected to the input terminals of the first and second sets of discharge regulators.

[0006] The output terminals of the first group of main power converters, the input terminals of the second group of main power converters, the output terminals of the isolation unit, the input terminals of the first group of charging regulators and the second group of charging regulators, the output terminals of the first group of discharging regulators and the second group of discharging regulators, and the input terminals of the bus load are all connected together via a common bus.

[0007] A multi-mode control method utilizing the aforementioned system controls each component of a high-power hybrid energy system based on the voltage signal acquired by the control system from the dual-terminal voltage of the first group of main power converters. The control includes six operating modes: independent power supply mode for the battery pack, combined power supply mode for the solar array and battery pack, independent power supply mode for the solar array, independent power supply mode for the thermion source, combined power supply mode for the thermion source and battery pack, and combined power supply mode for the thermion source, solar array, and battery pack.

[0008] The control system includes a reference signal generator, a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit, a first main error amplifier, a second main error amplifier, and a first to a seventh controller. The first sampling circuit obtains a first sampling signal by acquiring the input voltage of the first group of main power converters. The first sampling signal generates a first main error amplification signal through the first main error amplifier. The first main error amplification signal and a first reference signal generated by the reference signal generator are combined through the first controller to generate control signals for the first group of main power converters, achieving maximum output power control of the thermionic source. The second sampling circuit obtains a second sampling signal by acquiring the output voltage of the first group of main power converters. The second sampling signal generates a second main error amplification signal through the second main error amplifier. The second main error amplification signal and the second to seventh reference signals generated by the reference signal generator are sequentially passed through the second to the seventh controller to generate six control signals, which sequentially control the first group of discharge regulators, the first group of charge regulators, the shunt regulator, the second group of charge regulators, the second group of main power converters, and the second group of discharge regulators, realizing autonomous power regulation and dynamic energy distribution of the high-power hybrid energy system in space.

[0009] The working process of the battery pack in independent power supply mode is as follows: when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU, mU+0.5), where U represents the output voltage of the first main power converter and m represents the sampling coefficient, the second control signal is valid, and the battery pack supplies power to the bus load through the first discharge regulator.

[0010] The working process of the solar cell array-battery pack joint power supply mode is as follows: when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+0.5, mU+1), the second control signal remains valid, and the battery pack supplies power to the bus load together with the solar cell array through the isolation unit via the first set of discharge regulators; where U represents the output voltage of the first set of main power converters, and m represents the sampling coefficient.

[0011] The operation process of the solar array in independent power supply mode is as follows: When the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+1, mU+1.5), the first to seventh control signals are invalid, and the solar array supplies power to the bus load through the isolation unit; when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+1.5, mU+2), the third control signal is valid, and the first set of charging regulators charges the battery pack for the first time; when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+2, mU+2.5), the fourth control signal is valid, and the shunt regulator diverts the excess energy of the solar array; where U represents the output voltage of the first set of main power converters, and m represents the sampling coefficient.

[0012] The operation process of the independent power supply mode of the thermion source is as follows: When the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+3, mU+3.5), where V represents the input voltage of the first group of main power converters, n represents the sampling coefficient, U represents the output voltage of the first group of main power converters, and m represents the sampling coefficient; the first control signal is valid, and the thermion source supplies power to the bus load through the first main power converter; when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+3.5, mU+4), the fifth control signal is valid, and the second group of charging regulators charges the battery for the second time; when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+4, mU+5), the sixth control signal is valid, and the second group of main power converters and dissipative loads consume the excess energy of the thermion source.

[0013] The working process of the combined power supply mode of the thermion source-battery pack is as follows: when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+2.5, mU+3), the seventh control signal is valid, and the battery supplies power to the bus load through the second set of discharge regulators and the thermion source through the first set of main power converters; where U represents the output voltage of the first set of main power converters and m represents the sampling coefficient.

[0014] The working process of the combined power supply mode of the thermion source-solar cell array-energy storage bank is as follows: when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU, mU+1), the thermion source supplies power to the bus load through the first set of main power converters, the solar cell array through the isolation unit, and the energy storage bank through the first set of discharge regulators; where U represents the output voltage of the first set of main power converters and m represents the sampling coefficient.

[0015] During operation, the thermionic source always maintains its maximum power output, and when energy is sufficient, it ensures that the power is dissipated by the dissipative load.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: For high-power deep-space aerospace missions, traditional solar array-battery packs often require a large solar array area and a large number of battery packs. This invention, by introducing a thermionic source, adds two main power converters, a charge / discharge regulator, and a dissipative load, forming a hybrid energy system with the traditional solar array-battery pack. This system can provide energy from the thermionic source when operating under high-power bus loads, achieving maximum power output and significantly reducing the proportion of solar arrays and batteries, thus lowering the complexity of structural design and control. Furthermore, a multi-mode control method is proposed for the thermionic source-solar array-battery pack hybrid energy system, enabling effective energy allocation and dynamic regulation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-power hybrid energy system in space.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the control principle of a high-power hybrid energy system in space. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrates the structure and multi-mode control method for a high-power hybrid energy system in space proposed in this invention.

[0020] The power system composition of a high-power hybrid energy system in space is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes a thermionic source, two sets of main power converters, dissipative loads, a solar cell array, a shunt regulator, a battery bank, two sets of discharge regulators, two sets of charge regulators, an isolation unit, and a bus load. The two sets of main power converters are the first set of main power converter A and the first set of main power converter B, the two sets of charge regulators are the first set of charge regulator A and the second set of charge regulator B, and the two sets of discharge regulators are the first set of discharge regulator A and the second set of discharge regulator B.

[0021] The specific connection method between the power modules in the space high-power hybrid energy system is as follows: the output terminal of the thermion source is connected to the input terminal of the first group of main power converters A; the output terminal of the first group of main power converters is connected to the input terminal of the second group of main power converters B and converges to a common bus; the output terminal of the second group of main power converters is connected to a dissipative load. The first group of main power converters A is mainly responsible for the output control of the thermion source, the second group of main power converters B is mainly responsible for the output control of the first group of main power converters A, and the dissipative load is mainly used for dissipating excess energy from the thermion source. The output terminal of the solar cell array is connected to the input terminal of the shunt regulator, the output terminal of the shunt regulator is connected to the input terminal of the isolation unit, and the output terminals of the isolation unit converge to the common bus. The isolation unit is used to prevent the energy from the thermion source from flowing back into the solar cell array, thus achieving isolation between the two. The output terminal of the battery pack is connected to the output terminals of two sets of charge regulators and the input terminals of two sets of discharge regulators. The input terminals of the charge regulators and the output terminals of the two sets of discharge regulators converge at a common bus. The common bus is directly connected to the bus load. The first set of charge regulators and discharge regulators are used to coordinate the power regulation between the solar cell array and the battery pack, and the second set of charge regulators and discharge regulators are used to coordinate the power regulation between the thermionic source and the battery pack.

[0022] like Figure 2 The diagram shows the control principle structure of a high-power hybrid energy system in space. The control system of this system comprises a reference signal generator, a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit, a first main error amplifier, a second main error amplifier, and seven controllers (one to the seventh controller). Specifically, the first-stage sampling circuit acquires the input voltage V of the first main power converter to obtain a first sampling signal, where the first sampling coefficient is n. This first sampling signal is sent to the first main error amplifier to generate a first main error amplified signal. This first main error amplified signal is then compared with the first reference signal V generated by the reference signal generator. ref_1 The signals are sent together to the first controller. The second-stage sampling circuit obtains the second sampling signal by acquiring the output voltage U of the first group of main power converters, where the second sampling coefficient is m. The second sampling signal is sent to the second main error amplifier to generate the second main error amplified signal. The second main error amplified signal is then compared with the second to seventh reference signals V generated by the reference signal generator. ref_2 ~V ref_6The signals are sequentially sent to the second controller, the first controller, and the seventh controller, which generate seven control signals: BDRA_C, BCRA_C, SR_C, BCRB_C, MPCB_C, BDRB_C, and MPCA_C. The first to seventh control signals are sequentially sent to the main power converter A, the first discharge regulator A, the first charge regulator A, the shunt regulator, the second charge regulator B, the main power converter B, and the discharge regulator B, which are components of the power system.

[0023] The multi-mode control method for high-power hybrid energy systems in space includes six operating modes: independent power supply mode for the battery pack, combined power supply mode for the solar array and battery pack, independent power supply mode for the solar array, independent power supply mode for the thermion source, combined power supply mode for the thermion source and battery pack, and combined power supply mode for the thermion source, solar array, and battery pack. The multi-mode control method is specifically manifested as follows:

[0024] In the independent power supply mode of the battery pack, when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU, mU+0.5), the second control signal BDRA_C is valid, the first discharge regulator A enters the working state, and the battery pack supplies power to the bus load through it.

[0025] In the combined power supply mode of solar cell array and battery pack, when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+0.5, mU+1), the second control signal BDRA_C remains valid, the working state of the first discharge regulator A remains unchanged, and the battery pack supplies power to the bus load together with the solar cell array through it and through the isolation unit.

[0026] In the independent power supply mode of the solar array, when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+1, mU+1.5), that is, when the output power of the solar array just meets the power demand of the bus load, the first to seventh control signals are invalid, and the solar array supplies power to the bus load through the isolation unit; when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+1.5, mU+2), that is, when the output power of the solar array is greater than the power demand of the bus load, the third control signal BCRA_C is valid, and the first set of charging regulators charges the battery pack for the first time; when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+2, mU+2.5), that is, when the output power of the solar array still has surplus, the fourth control signal SR_C is valid, and the shunt regulator diverts the excess energy of the solar array. Throughout the entire process, the solar array independently provides stable power to the bus load.

[0027] In the independent power supply mode of the thermion source, when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+3, mU+3.5), the first control signal MPCA_C is valid, and the thermion source supplies power to the bus load through the first main power converter, and the thermion source outputs maximum power at this time; when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+3.5, mU+4), that is, when the output power of the thermion source is greater than that of the bus. When the load demands power, the fifth control signal BCRB_C is active, and the second set of charging regulators charges the battery for the second time. When the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+4, mU+5), that is, when the output power of the thermion source still has surplus, the sixth control signal MPCB_C is active, and the second set of main power converters and dissipative loads consume the excess energy of the thermion source. The entire process is that the solar cell array independently provides stable power to the bus load.

[0028] In the combined power supply mode of the thermal ion source and the battery pack, when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+2.5, mU+3), that is, when the power demand of the bus load increases, the seventh control signal BDRB_C is effective. The battery and the thermal ion source together supply power to the bus load through the second set of discharge regulators and the first set of main power converters.

[0029] In the combined power supply mode of the thermal ion source-solar cell array-energy storage bank, when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU, mU+1), that is, when the power demand of the bus load continues to increase, the thermal ion source supplies power to the bus load through the first set of main power converters, the solar cell array through the isolation unit, and the energy storage bank through the first set of discharge regulators.

[0030] In summary, the multi-mode control method proposed in this invention, applicable to high-power hybrid energy system structures in space, can effectively allocate and regulate power among the thermion source, solar cell array, and battery pack. Simultaneously, during operation, the first set of main power converters and the second set of power converters independently control the output terminal of the thermion source and the common bus terminal, effectively maintaining the maximum power output of the thermion source, dissipating excess energy, and providing stable power to the bus load.

[0031] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-power hybrid energy system for space, comprising a thermionic source, two sets of main power converters, a dissipative load, a solar cell array, a shunt regulator, a battery bank, two sets of discharge regulators, two sets of charge regulators, an isolation unit, and a bus load; characterized in that: The output terminal of the thermionic source is connected to the input terminal of the first group of main power converters. The output terminal of the first group of main power converters is connected to the input terminal of the second group of main power converters. The output terminal of the second group of main power converters is connected to the dissipative load. The output terminal of the solar cell array is connected to the input terminal of the shunt regulator. The output terminal of the shunt regulator is connected to the input terminal of the isolation unit. The battery is connected to the output terminals of the first group of charging regulators and the second group of charging regulators, and is also connected to the input terminals of the first group of discharging regulators and the second group of discharging regulators.

2. A high-power hybrid energy system for space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output terminals of the first group of main power converters, the input terminals of the second group of main power converters, the output terminals of the isolation unit, the input terminals of the first group of charging regulators and the second group of charging regulators, the output terminals of the first group of discharging regulators and the second group of discharging regulators, and the input terminals of the bus load are all connected together via a common bus.

3. A multi-mode control method using the system described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: Based on the voltage signal acquired by the control system from the dual-terminal voltage of the first group of main power converters, the various components of the space high-power hybrid energy system are controlled. The control includes six working modes: independent power supply mode for battery pack, combined power supply mode for solar cell array and battery pack, independent power supply mode for solar cell array, independent power supply mode for thermion source, combined power supply mode for thermion source and battery pack, and combined power supply mode for thermion source, solar cell array, and battery pack.

4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control system includes a reference signal generator, a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit, a first main error amplifier, a second main error amplifier, and a first to a seventh controller. The first sampling circuit obtains a first sampling signal by acquiring the input voltage of the first group of main power converters. The first sampling signal generates a first main error amplification signal through the first main error amplifier. The first main error amplification signal and a first reference signal generated by the reference signal generator are combined through the first controller to generate control signals for the first group of main power converters, achieving maximum output power control of the thermionic source. The second sampling circuit obtains a second sampling signal by acquiring the output voltage of the first group of main power converters. The second sampling signal generates a second main error amplification signal through the second main error amplifier. The second main error amplification signal and the second to seventh reference signals generated by the reference signal generator are sequentially passed through the second to the seventh controller to generate six control signals, which sequentially control the first group of discharge regulators, the first group of charge regulators, the shunt regulator, the second group of charge regulators, the second group of main power converters, and the second group of discharge regulators, realizing autonomous power regulation and dynamic energy distribution of the high-power hybrid energy system in space.

5. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The working process of the battery pack in independent power supply mode is as follows: when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU, mU+0.5), where U represents the output voltage of the first main power converter and m represents the sampling coefficient, the second control signal is valid, and the battery pack supplies power to the bus load through the first discharge regulator.

6. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The working process of the solar cell array-battery pack joint power supply mode is as follows: when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+0.5, mU+1), the second control signal remains valid, and the battery pack supplies power to the bus load together with the solar cell array through the isolation unit via the first set of discharge regulators; where U represents the output voltage of the first set of main power converters, and m represents the sampling coefficient.

7. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The operation process of the solar array in independent power supply mode is as follows: When the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+1, mU+1.5), the first to seventh control signals are all invalid, and the solar array supplies power to the bus load through the isolation unit; when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+1.5, mU+2), the third control signal is valid, and the first set of charging regulators charges the battery pack for the first time; when the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+2, mU+2.5), the fourth control signal is valid, and the shunt regulator diverts excess energy from the solar array. Where U represents the output voltage of the first group of main power converters, and m represents the sampling coefficient.

8. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The operation process of the independent power supply mode of the thermion source is as follows: When the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+3, mU+3.5), where V represents the input voltage of the first group of main power converters, n represents the sampling coefficient, U represents the output voltage of the first group of main power converters, and m represents the sampling coefficient; the first control signal is valid, and the thermion source supplies power to the bus load through the first main power converter; when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+3.5, mU+4), the fifth control signal is valid, and the second group of charging regulators charges the battery for the second time; when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+4, mU+5), the sixth control signal is valid, and the second group of main power converters and dissipative loads consume the excess energy of the thermion source.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The working process of the combined power supply mode of the thermion source-battery pack is as follows: when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU+2.5, mU+3), the seventh control signal is effective, and the battery supplies power to the bus load together through the second set of discharge regulators and the thermion source through the first set of main power converters. Where U represents the output voltage of the first group of main power converters, and m represents the sampling coefficient.

10. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The working process of the combined power supply mode of the thermion source-solar cell array-energy storage bank is as follows: when the first sampling signal is in the range of (nV-0.5, nV+0.5) and the second sampling signal is in the range of (mU, mU+1), the thermion source supplies power to the bus load through the first set of main power converters, the solar cell array through the isolation unit, and the energy storage bank through the first set of discharge regulators; where U represents the output voltage of the first set of main power converters and m represents the sampling coefficient.

Images