Cover assembly and shell-and-tube heat exchanger having the same

Abstract

The application provides a cover assembly and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with the same, the cover assembly is used for covering the end of a shell of the heat exchanger, the cover assembly is provided with a liquid inlet channel, a plurality of liquid distribution ports and a plurality of liquid distribution cavities, the plurality of liquid distribution ports are in communication with the liquid inlet channel, the plurality of liquid distribution ports are arranged at intervals, the plurality of liquid distribution cavities are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of liquid distribution ports, and each liquid distribution cavity is used for being connected with a heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger. Through the technical scheme provided by the application, the technical problem of poor uniformity of refrigerant tube-side distribution of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the prior art can be solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, in particular to a cover assembly and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the dry evaporator in the prior art is one of the main evaporator types of air-cooled cold water / heat pump units, and the dry evaporator belongs to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. In the design of the heat exchanger, the refrigerant passes through the tube side, and the water passes through the shell side; the dry evaporator often includes a cover, a tube sheet, a shell, a pipe and the like, wherein the heat exchange tube bundle is expanded on the tube sheet to form a separation between the refrigerant and water sides. As an evaporator application, the distribution of the dry evaporator heat exchange tube bundle inlet has a great influence on the performance of the heat exchanger and the stability of the unit operation.

[0003] However, due to the large number of tube bundles of the dry evaporator, the distribution of the heat exchange tube inlets on the structure often cannot be regularly arranged, which in turn causes the corresponding cover inlet distribution cavity shape to be irregular, thereby causing difficulty in distributing each heat exchange tube inlet. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a cover assembly and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with the same, so as to solve the technical problem of poor uniformity of refrigerant tube side distribution of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, a cover assembly is provided, the cover assembly is used for covering the end of the shell of a heat exchanger, the cover assembly is provided with a liquid inlet channel, a plurality of distribution ports and a plurality of distribution cavities, the plurality of distribution ports are in communication with the liquid inlet channel, the plurality of distribution ports are arranged at intervals, the plurality of distribution cavities are arranged one-to-one corresponding to the plurality of distribution ports, and each distribution cavity is used for connecting with a heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger.

[0006] Further, the plurality of distribution ports are arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the liquid inlet channel.

[0007] Further, the flow direction in the liquid inlet channel is arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction in the distribution port.

[0008] Further, the cover assembly is further provided with a liquid outlet channel, the liquid outlet channel is arranged at intervals with the liquid inlet channel, and the flow direction in the liquid outlet channel is arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction in the liquid inlet channel.

[0009] Further, the liquid inlet channel is a plurality of liquid inlet channels, the plurality of liquid inlet channels are arranged at intervals, the liquid outlet channel is a plurality of liquid outlet channels, the plurality of liquid outlet channels are arranged at intervals, and the plurality of liquid inlet channels and the plurality of liquid outlet channels are arranged one-to-one corresponding.

[0010] Further, at least two of the plurality of liquid inlet channels are arranged at a preset included angle.

[0011] Further, the cover assembly comprises a cover body, the liquid inlet channel and the plurality of distribution ports are arranged on the cover body, and the liquid inlet channel extends along the radial direction of the cover body; a partition plate is arranged on the cover body, the partition plate is located on the side of the cover body close to the shell of the heat exchange tube, and the plurality of distribution chambers are arranged on the partition plate.

[0012] Further, the partition plate has a connecting channel, and the cover assembly further comprises a plurality of partition plates, the plurality of partition plates are arranged in the connecting channel in the direction perpendicular to the liquid flow direction, and a distribution chamber is formed between any two adjacent partition plates.

[0013] Further, the plurality of distribution ports comprise a first distribution port and a second distribution port, the first distribution port is arranged on the side of the second distribution port away from the liquid inlet of the liquid inlet channel, and the flow area of the first distribution port is greater than that of the second distribution port.

[0014] Further, the plurality of distribution chambers comprise a first distribution chamber and a second distribution chamber, the first distribution chamber is arranged on the side of the second distribution chamber away from the liquid inlet of the liquid inlet channel, and the height of the first distribution chamber is less than that of the second distribution chamber.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present application, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is provided, comprising a shell having a communication end; a cover assembly arranged on the communication end of the shell, wherein the cover assembly is the cover assembly provided above.

[0016] Further, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger further comprises a tube sheet arranged on the communication end of the shell, the tube sheet is located between the shell and the cover assembly; and a sealing gasket arranged between the tube sheet and the cover assembly.

[0017] By arranging the liquid inlet channel, the plurality of distribution ports and the plurality of distribution chambers on the cover assembly, the liquid entering the cover assembly through the liquid inlet channel enters the corresponding distribution chambers through the plurality of distribution ports, so that the distribution function can be realized on the cover assembly, and the liquid after distribution enters the corresponding heat exchange tubes through the plurality of distribution chambers, thereby improving the uniformity of distribution. Therefore, the technical problem of poor uniformity of refrigerant tube distribution in the prior art can be solved by the technical solution provided by the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings accompanying the specification of this application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the present application, and together with the description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 Fig. 1 shows a structure schematic diagram of a cover assembly arranged on a shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2A-A view in Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of a cover assembly with two parallel and spaced liquid inlet channels is shown according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of a cover assembly at a liquid inlet and a liquid inlet cavity is shown according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 A partial enlarged schematic diagram in Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 6 A structural schematic diagram of a cover assembly with two radially extending liquid inlet channels is shown according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Among them, the above drawings include the following reference signs:

[0026] 10, cover body; 11, liquid inlet channel; 12, liquid inlet; 13, liquid distribution port; 14, liquid distribution cavity; 20, partition plate; 21, partition plate; 30, tube plate; 40, shell; 50, baffle; 60, heat exchange tube; 70, refrigerant inlet pipe; 80, refrigerant outlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0028] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a cover assembly, which is used for covering an end of a shell 40 of a heat exchanger. The cover assembly is provided with a liquid inlet channel 11, a plurality of liquid distribution ports 13 and a plurality of liquid distribution cavities 14, the plurality of liquid distribution ports 13 are in communication with the liquid inlet channel 11, the plurality of liquid distribution ports 13 are spaced apart, and the plurality of liquid distribution cavities 14 are correspondingly arranged with the plurality of liquid distribution ports 13, and each liquid distribution cavity 14 is used for connecting with a heat exchange tube 60 of the heat exchanger.

[0029] The cover assembly provided by the embodiment can realize liquid distribution function on the cover assembly when in use, so that the liquid after distribution enters the corresponding heat exchange tube 60 through each liquid distribution cavity 14, thereby improving the uniformity of refrigerant tube-side distribution of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Therefore, the cover assembly provided by the embodiment can solve the technical problem of poor uniformity of refrigerant tube-side distribution of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the prior art.

[0030] Specifically, the plurality of distribution ports 13 in the embodiment are arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the liquid inlet channel 11. With such a structure, the uniformity of the liquid inlet of each distribution port 13 can be improved to some extent.

[0031] In the embodiment, the flow direction in the liquid inlet channel 11 is arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction in the distribution port 13, so that the liquid entering the liquid inlet channel 11 flows out through the side distribution port 13. With such a flow direction arrangement, specifically, the flow direction of the liquid in the liquid inlet channel 11 is arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction of the liquid at the liquid inlet of the heat exchange tube 60 in the tube-shell heat exchanger. By arranging the flow direction of the distribution port 13 perpendicularly to the flow direction in the liquid inlet channel 11, the flow direction of the distribution port 13 can be made consistent with the flow direction of the liquid at the liquid inlet of the heat exchange tube 60, so as to facilitate the liquid in the distribution port 13 to enter the heat exchange tube 60. At the same time, it is also beneficial to the position layout of the liquid inlet channel 11, the distribution port 13 and the distribution cavity 14, and the structure is optimized.

[0032] Specifically, the cover assembly in the embodiment is also provided with a liquid outlet channel, which is arranged at intervals with the liquid inlet channel 11, and the flow direction in the liquid outlet channel is arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction in the liquid inlet channel 11. Since the flow direction in the liquid inlet channel 11 is arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction at the liquid inlet of the heat exchange tube 60, and the heat exchange tube 60 is a U-shaped tube structure, the flow direction of the liquid outlet channel is consistent with the flow direction at the liquid outlet of the heat exchange tube 60, so as to facilitate the liquid outlet channel to collect the liquid at the liquid outlet of the plurality of heat exchange tubes 60, so as to better perform liquid outlet.

[0033] In the embodiment, the liquid inlet channel 11 can be multiple, and the multiple liquid inlet channels 11 are arranged at intervals. Correspondingly, the liquid outlet channel is also multiple, and the multiple liquid outlet channels are arranged at intervals, and the multiple liquid inlet channels 11 and the multiple liquid outlet channels are arranged one by one.

[0034] In one embodiment, the cover assembly is a circular structure, which is divided into four straight-angle sectors. The liquid inlet channel 11 can be two, and the two liquid inlet channels 11 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the two liquid inlet channels 11 are located in two straight-angle sectors respectively. Correspondingly, the liquid outlet channel is also two, and the two liquid outlet channels are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the two liquid outlet channels are located in the remaining two straight-angle sectors respectively. With the above structure, the structure layout can be optimized, the compactness can be improved, and the mutual interference between the liquid inlet channel 11 and the liquid outlet channel can be avoided. Specifically, in the above arrangement, preferably, the two liquid outlet channels are arranged close to the center of the cover assembly, and the liquid outlets of the liquid outlet channels are located in the extension direction of the corresponding liquid inlet channel 11, so as to better improve the compactness of the structure layout.

[0035] In another embodiment, the cover assembly comprises the cover 10 and the partition plate 20, the liquid inlet channel 11 and the plurality of liquid distribution ports 13 are arranged on the cover 10, the partition plate 20 is arranged on the cover 10, the partition plate 20 is located on the side of the cover 10 close to the shell 40 of the heat exchange pipe 60, and the plurality of liquid distribution chambers 14 are arranged on the partition plate 20. By adopting the above structure, the structure is simple, easy to manufacture and realize, and the plurality of liquid distribution chambers 14 can be easily formed to better realize the liquid distribution function.

[0036] Specifically, at least two of the plurality of liquid inlet channels 11 are arranged at a preset angle. The at least two of the plurality of liquid inlet channels 11 can include a first liquid inlet channel and a second liquid inlet channel, and the first liquid inlet channel and the second liquid inlet channel are arranged at a preset angle. By adopting such a structure layout, the distance between the liquid inlet at the end of the first liquid inlet channel and the liquid inlet at the end of the second liquid inlet channel can be increased, so as to facilitate the installation of the refrigerant inlet pipe 70 at the liquid inlet at the end of the first liquid inlet channel and the liquid inlet at the end of the second liquid inlet channel, and avoid the mutual interference between the refrigerant inlet pipe 70 at the liquid inlet at the end of the first liquid inlet channel and the refrigerant inlet pipe 70 at the liquid inlet at the end of the second liquid inlet channel due to too close distance, thereby optimizing the overall structure layout. Preferably, the preset angle herein can be in the range of 30° to 150°, so as to avoid the situation that the distance between the liquid inlet at the end of the first liquid inlet channel and the liquid inlet at the end of the second liquid inlet channel is too close when the angle is too small, and also avoid the situation that the structure is not compact enough when the angle is too large.

[0037] In another embodiment, the liquid inlet channel 11 can extend in the radial direction of the cover 10. Specifically, the cover assembly can be equally divided into four right-angle sectors, there are two liquid inlet channels 11, and correspondingly, there are also two liquid outlet channels, the two liquid inlet channels 11 are arranged at a predetermined angle, specifically, the two liquid inlet channels 11 can both extend in the radial direction of the cover 10, and the flow directions of the two liquid outlet channels are consistent with the flow directions of the liquid outlets of the heat exchange pipes 60. Compared with the structure of the parallel and spaced liquid inlet channels 11, the main improvement point of this embodiment is the flow direction of the liquid inlet channel 11. By adopting the above structure, the distance between the liquid inlets 12 at the ends of the two liquid inlet channels 11 can be increased to avoid mutual interference during installation.

[0038] Specifically, the partition plate 20 has a connecting channel, and the cover assembly further comprises a plurality of partition plates 21, the plurality of partition plates 21 are arranged in the connecting channel in the direction perpendicular to the liquid flow direction, and a liquid distribution chamber 14 is formed between adjacent two partition plates 21. By adopting such a structure, the liquid distribution chamber 14 can be easily formed, and the above structure is simple and easy to manufacture and realize.

[0039] In all the above embodiments, the plurality of distribution ports 13 includes a first distribution port 13 and a second distribution port 13, the first distribution port 13 is arranged on the side of the second distribution port 13 away from the liquid inlet 12 of the liquid inlet channel 11, and the flow area of the first distribution port 13 is larger than that of the second distribution port 13. With such a structure, the liquid in the liquid inlet channel 11 can flow better into the first distribution port 13, avoiding the accumulation of liquid at the second distribution port 13 and causing uneven distribution of the plurality of distribution ports 13, thereby improving the uniformity of distribution. It should be noted that the first distribution port 13 is located higher than the second distribution port 13, and the plurality of distribution ports 13 is not limited to only the first distribution port 13 and the second distribution port 13, and the expressions of the first distribution port 13 and the second distribution port 13 are mainly used to distinguish the distribution ports 13 at different heights. Preferably, the plurality of distribution ports 13 is arranged at intervals along a predetermined direction, and as the height of the distribution port 13 gradually increases, the distribution area of the distribution port 13 also gradually increases; that is, the higher the height of the distribution port 13, the larger the distribution area of the distribution port 13, so as to improve the uniformity of distribution.

[0040] Specifically, the plurality of distribution cavities 14 includes a first distribution cavity 14 and a second distribution cavity 14, the first distribution cavity 14 is arranged on the side of the second distribution cavity 14 away from the liquid inlet 12 of the liquid inlet channel 11, and the height of the first distribution cavity 14 is smaller than that of the second distribution cavity 14. Here, "the height of the first distribution cavity 14 is smaller than that of the second distribution cavity 14" means "the cavity height of the first distribution cavity 14 is smaller than that of the second distribution cavity 14". Specifically, a plurality of heat exchange pipes 60 are arranged in each distribution cavity 14, and each layer is provided with a plurality of heat exchange pipes 60. The second distribution cavity 14 is closer to the liquid inlet 12, so that the liquid flow in the second distribution cavity 14 is larger, and the cavity height of the second distribution cavity 14 is higher than that of the first distribution cavity 14. Therefore, the number of layers of heat exchange pipes 60 arranged in the second distribution cavity 14 is greater than that of the first distribution cavity 14, thereby improving the uniformity of distribution. It should be noted that the first distribution cavity 14 is located higher than the second distribution cavity 14, and the plurality of distribution cavities 14 is not limited to only the first distribution cavity 14 and the second distribution cavity 14, and the expressions of the first distribution cavity 14 and the second distribution cavity 14 are mainly used to distinguish the distribution cavities 14 at different heights. Preferably, the plurality of distribution cavities 14 is arranged at intervals along a predetermined direction, and as the height position of the distribution cavity 14 gradually increases, the cavity height of the distribution cavity 14 gradually decreases; that is, the higher the height position of the distribution cavity 14, the smaller the cavity height of the distribution cavity 14, so as to better improve the uniformity of distribution.

[0041] Specifically, the liquid distribution hole 13 in the embodiment is a liquid distribution hole for dispersing and atomizing the inlet refrigerant vapor, and the refrigerant is sprayed from each liquid distribution hole arranged according to a certain design after directly entering the liquid inlet channel 11, which is beneficial to uniformly distribute the refrigerant vapor into each heat exchange tube 60. In the embodiment, the middle partition plate 21 can be a partition rib for forming each partition chamber corresponding to different numbers and arrangements of heat exchange tube bundles, and each liquid distribution hole corresponds to a partition chamber. Specifically, the refrigerant is mixed uniformly in each partition chamber after flowing through the liquid distribution hole and then enters each heat exchange tube bundle. The cover assembly of the built-in liquid distribution pipeline in the embodiment is simple and easy to process, and can effectively improve the uniformity of the refrigerant tube distribution, and at the same time solve the problems existing in the current liquid distribution mode, such as the difficulty of designing the perforated plate liquid distribution and the difficulty of welding and processing the liquid distributor.

[0042] The local schematic view of the refrigerant inlet and outlet in the drawings of the present application is shown, wherein the inlet includes a cover body 10, a partition plate 20, a tube plate 30, a refrigerant inlet pipe 70, a refrigerant outlet pipe 80, a liquid distribution chamber 14 and a liquid distribution hole. The cover body 10 is provided with a liquid distribution hole and a tube-shaped flow chamber, wherein the liquid distribution hole is used to disperse and atomize the inlet refrigerant vapor, and the refrigerant is sprayed from each liquid distribution hole arranged according to a certain design after directly entering the tube-shaped flow chamber, which is beneficial to uniformly distribute the refrigerant vapor into the heat exchange tube bundle. The partition plate 20 includes a plurality of partition ribs to form each partition chamber corresponding to different numbers and arrangements of heat exchange tube bundles, and each liquid distribution hole corresponds to a partition chamber; the refrigerant is mixed uniformly in each partition chamber after flowing through the liquid distribution hole and then enters each heat exchange tube bundle.

[0043] The main idea of the present application is to use a relatively small and easy-to-implement structural change to create a flow channel structure for the injection liquid distribution of the inner tube small hole near the refrigerant inlet by using the cover, and to combine the partitioning effect of the middle partition plate 20 to uniformly distribute the misty refrigerant sprayed from each liquid distribution hole (or called injection hole) into different numbers of tube bundles.

[0044] Specifically, the size, number and distribution distance of the liquid distribution hole in all the above embodiments can be adjusted at will for the purpose of uniform liquid distribution; the partition ribs are arranged according to the size and distance of the liquid distribution hole; the heat exchange tube 60 corresponding to the partition chamber can be one row or multiple rows; according to the deformation case shown in the drawings, the angle of the tube-shaped flow channel is not limited, as long as it meets the technical principles of the present application.

[0045] On the one hand, the present application learns from the principle of micro-channel inner tube small hole liquid distribution, and the liquid distribution design is simpler than the perforated plate liquid distribution, and the performance is easy to achieve the effect; on the other hand, the liquid distribution structure is combined with the cover assembly, which changes less compared with the conventional dry evaporator, reduces the design and use of complex liquid distribution components, and is easy to process and produce.

[0046] Specifically, the liquid inlet passage 11 in all the above embodiments is communicated with the refrigerant inlet pipe 70, and the liquid outlet passage in all the above embodiments is communicated with the refrigerant outlet pipe 80.

[0047] In another embodiment of the present application, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is provided, which comprises a shell 40 having a communicating end and a cover assembly covering the communicating end of the shell 40, and the cover assembly is the cover assembly provided above.

[0048] Specifically, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the present embodiment further comprises a tube sheet 30, a baffle 50 and a sealing gasket, the tube sheet 30 is arranged at the communicating end of the shell 40, and the tube sheet 30 is located between the shell 40 and the cover assembly. The sealing gasket is arranged between the tube sheet 30 and the cover assembly to seal through the sealing gasket to avoid liquid flowing out from the gap between the tube sheet 30 and the cover assembly. The baffle 50 in the present embodiment is arranged in the shell 40 to play a baffling role.

[0049] In the present embodiment, a sealing gasket is arranged between the flange and the tube sheet 30 to seal to improve the sealing performance. The cover body 10, the partition plate 20 and the tube sheet 30 are fastened by bolts, the refrigerant inlet pipe 70 has the liquid inlet passage 11 therein, the refrigerant outlet pipe 80 has the liquid outlet passage therein, the refrigerant inlet pipe 70 and the refrigerant outlet pipe 80 are welded with the cover assembly, and the heat exchange tube bundle is expanded or welded to the tube sheet 30 to seal.

[0050] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects: simple structure, easy to manufacture and realize, stable liquid separation.

[0051] It is to be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should be further understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, they indicate the presence of the features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0052] The foregoing description, for purposes of clarity, describes the present application in terms of its components, processes and operations. Such descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the art of describing the structural and functional necessities of and changes to the present application, but are not meant to limit the present application to a particular embodiment. Also, the various embodiments of the present application presented are not necessarily the only ones in which the present application can be practiced. The embodiments presented are intended to convey the scope of the present application, its energy saving and cost saving advantages, and its intended advantages to those skilled in the art. Numerous adaptations and modifications can be practiced without departing from the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of the present application is to be indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents are intended to be embraced therein.

[0053] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the specific location or position relationships indicated by directional terms, such as "front", "back", "up", "down", "left", "right", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", and the like, are based on the orientation or position relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. The orientation terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer of the profile of the components themselves.

[0054] For the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "over", "above", "upper surface", "upper", and the like can be used herein to describe the spatial position relationship of one device or feature with other devices or features as shown in the drawings. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the devices described in the drawings. For example, if the devices in the drawings are inverted, the device described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures will be positioned "below" or "under" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below" orientations. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0055] In addition, it should be noted that the use of the terms "first", "second", and the like to describe various components is merely intended to distinguish the corresponding components, and the above terms do not have special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0056] The above merely provides the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the principles and technical scope of the present application shall fall into the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A capping assembly, characterized in that, The capping assembly is used to cover the end of the shell (40) of the heat exchanger. The capping assembly is provided with a liquid inlet channel (11), multiple liquid outlets (13) and multiple liquid distribution chambers (14). The multiple liquid outlets (13) are all connected to the liquid inlet channel (11). The multiple liquid outlets (13) are spaced apart. The multiple liquid distribution chambers (14) are arranged one-to-one with the multiple liquid outlets (13). Each liquid distribution chamber (14) is used to connect to the heat exchange tube (60) of the heat exchanger. The plurality of liquid outlets (13) are arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the liquid inlet channel (11); The flow direction in the liquid inlet channel (11) is perpendicular to the flow direction in the liquid outlet (13).

2. The capping assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capping assembly is also provided with a liquid outlet channel, which is spaced apart from the liquid inlet channel (11). The flow direction in the liquid outlet channel is perpendicular to the flow direction in the liquid inlet channel (11).

3. The capping assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are multiple liquid inlet channels (11), which are spaced apart. There are also multiple liquid outlet channels, which are spaced apart. The multiple liquid inlet channels (11) and the multiple liquid outlet channels are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

4. The capping assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least two of the multiple liquid inlet channels (11) are arranged at a preset angle.

5. The capping assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capping assembly includes: The cover (10), the liquid inlet channel (11) and the plurality of liquid outlets (13) are all disposed on the cover (10), and the liquid inlet channel (11) extends radially along the cover (10); A partition (20) is provided on the cover (10). The partition (20) is located on the side of the cover (10) near the shell (40) of the heat exchange tube (60). A plurality of the liquid separation chambers (14) are provided on the partition (20).

6. The capping assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The partition (20) has a connection channel, and the cover assembly further includes: Multiple partition plates (21) are spaced apart in the connecting channel along a direction perpendicular to the liquid flow direction, and a liquid separation chamber (14) is formed between two adjacent partition plates (21).

7. The capping assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of liquid dispensing ports (13) include a first liquid dispensing port (13) and a second liquid dispensing port (13). The first liquid dispensing port (13) is located on the side of the second liquid dispensing port (13) away from the liquid inlet (12) of the liquid inlet channel (11). The flow area of ​​the first liquid dispensing port (13) is greater than the flow area of ​​the second liquid dispensing port (13).

8. The capping assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of liquid dispensing chambers (14) include a first liquid dispensing chamber (14) and a second liquid dispensing chamber (14). The first liquid dispensing chamber (14) is located on the side of the second liquid dispensing chamber (14) away from the liquid inlet (12) of the liquid inlet channel (11). The height of the first liquid dispensing chamber (14) is less than the height of the second liquid dispensing chamber (14).

9. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger, characterized in that, include: A housing (40) having a communicating end; A capping assembly is provided on the communicating end of the housing (40), the capping assembly being the capping assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that, The shell-and-tube heat exchanger also includes: Tube sheet (30) is disposed at the communicating end of the housing (40), the tube sheet (30) being located between the housing (40) and the cap assembly; A sealing gasket is disposed between the tube sheet (30) and the cap assembly.

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