Method and system for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable amount of a charging and discharging device group in a power grid

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable amount of a group of charging and discharging devices in a power grid. In a power transmission and distribution system, each charging and discharging device includes a communication unit configured to receive information about the charge and discharge requirements of at least one other charging and discharging device. In each charging and discharging device, using its own charge and discharge requirements and information about the charge and discharge requirements of other charging and discharging devices obtained by the communication unit, a consensus value is calculated based on an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system by dividing the sum of the charge requirements and the sum of the discharge requirements of all charging and discharging devices by the number of agents, and based on the consensus value, the limit on the charge execution amount or the discharge execution amount of each charging and discharging device is controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and system for controlling the amount of charge and discharge of a charger and discharger connected to a power grid in a power supply system or a power transmission and distribution system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and system for controlling the amount of charge and discharge that can be performed by each of a plurality of chargers and dischargers connected to a local power grid (e.g., a microgrid) in a configuration in which a battery is charged and discharged by each of the chargers and dischargers. The battery connected to each of the chargers and dischargers can be mounted on a mobile object (e.g., an electric vehicle) and can be any battery that is detachable from the charger and discharger. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread use of vehicles on which large-capacity batteries are mounted, such as electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles (hereinafter collectively referred to as "electric vehicles"), charging and discharging equipment (Electric Vehicle Power Station (EVPS)) for charging and discharging the batteries of electric vehicles has been installed in various facilities, such as towns, houses, shops and factories. The charging and discharging equipment for the batteries of electric vehicles has a configuration in which its charger and discharger are connected to the power grid. The charging and discharging equipment is configured to receive power from the power grid when charging the battery and to supply power to the power grid when discharging the battery when the electric vehicle reaches the charging and discharging equipment and its battery is connected to the charger and discharger. In such a charging and discharging equipment, the battery of the electric vehicle is charged and discharged according to the situation of the electric vehicle. Therefore, since the power of the power grid may become unstable when the amount of power flowing into and out of the power grid is not restricted, various configurations for controlling the amount of chargeable and dischargeable power of the charging and discharging equipment have been proposed. For example, Japanese unexamined patent application publication No. 2015-61496 proposes a technology in which, in a charging station in which a charger for charging multiple electric vehicles and multiple stationary batteries is connected to a system power grid, a charging management device obtains information about the electric vehicles, information about the maximum output power of the stationary batteries, etc., information about the power supply from the system power grid that can be used for charging, and charger information about the maximum output power of the charger, etc., calculates a preliminary charging amount representing the charging amount that each electric vehicle can be charged at the charging station, and on the basis of satisfying certain constraints, determines charging conditions so that the charging time of each electric vehicle and the maximum output power of the charger are respectively maintained within a certain range and the difference between the maximum charging amount of each electric vehicle and the preliminary charging amount is small. In addition, WO2014141315 proposes a charging time adjustment device and a charging system, wherein the charging time adjustment device obtains a planned power supply amount of an electrical system including a charger connected to an electric vehicle when charging the electric vehicle, and sets a charging time so that the electric vehicle is charged using the charger within a time period when the planned power supply amount exceeds a threshold value, and the charging system includes a prediction device and the charging time adjustment device, wherein the prediction device calculates the power supply amount to be supplied by renewable energy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Power supply systems or transmission and distribution systems, similarly equipped with such charging and discharging equipment, have traditionally been configured to distribute electricity from large power plants to users in various regions via large-scale transmission and distribution networks covering a wide area (a form of centralized power generation). However, recent advances in renewable energy generation technologies (such as solar and wind power generation) have led to the proposal and implementation of transmission and distribution systems in which power grids (referred to as microgrids) transmit and distribute electricity obtained from small power generation facilities (distributed power sources) to users within a relatively small area. In such microgrids, a supplier (electricity retailer) typically manages the supply and demand of electricity within the microgrid. The microgrid is connected to the system power grid (a centralized power grid that supplies electricity from large power plants) through the supplier and is configured to regulate the surplus or shortage of electricity within the microgrid. In other words, when the amount of electricity received from the power generation facilities within the microgrid is less than the amount of electricity consumed or stored within the microgrid, the supplier is configured to receive (purchase) the electricity shortfall from the system power grid, and when the amount of electricity supplied exceeds the amount of electricity demanded, the supplier supplies (sells) the surplus electricity to the system power grid.

[0004] In such a microgrid, the provider manages the amount of electricity flowing through the microgrid's power grid to maintain the stability of the grid's power without affecting the stability of the power supplied to the utility grid by the microgrid. Specifically, for example, the provider pre-sets a planned value for the amount of electricity supplied to the microgrid (the sum of the amount of power generated by the microgrid's power generation facilities and the amount of power received from the utility grid; the fed amount). As one of the management conditions (management conditions), the provider sets a condition that the difference between the actual amount of power fed into the microgrid and the planned value is within a predetermined error range. Furthermore, as another management condition, the provider sets a supply-demand balance, namely, a ratio between the amount of power consumed within the microgrid (the sum of the amount of power consumed by various facilities (required power) and the amount of power charged to the battery) and the amount of power discharged to the microgrid (the sum of the fed amount and the amount of power discharged from the battery; the supplied amount) is within a predetermined range. In other words, in the above example, in the microgrid, the management conditions are: (1) the difference between the fed power and the planned value is within a predetermined error range, and (2) the supply and demand balance is within a predetermined ratio range. If the state within the microgrid deviates from such management conditions, system instability may occur or imbalance penalties may be paid.

[0005] When charging and discharging equipment is installed in a microgrid and the batteries of electric vehicles are charged and discharged, it is also necessary to manage the amount of electricity flowing in the microgrid. Therefore, when the batteries are charged and discharged by the charging and discharging equipment, it is desirable to set limits on the charge or discharge amount of the batteries in each charging and discharging equipment so as not to affect the stability of the power of the system power grid or meet management conditions. Since the chargeable and dischargeable amount of each charging and discharging equipment varies according to the charge and discharge amount required by the charging and discharging equipment connected to the microgrid, it is desirable to set limits on the charge or discharge amount according to the chargeable and discharge amount of each charging and discharging equipment. In this regard, the charge and discharge amount required by the battery of the electric vehicle in the charging and discharging equipment (charge requirement, discharge requirement) is different for each charging and discharging equipment and fluctuates all the time. In addition, since the batteries of the electric vehicle are frequently attached and detached, the charge and discharge requirements (hereinafter collectively referred to as "charge and discharge requirements") of all charging and discharging equipment in the microgrid are prone to fluctuations. In this case, information about the attachment and detachment status of the battery of an electric vehicle and the required charge and discharge amount for the chargers and dischargers of all the charging and discharging devices within the microgrid is collected by a single management device (aggregator), such as a supplier. When the management device adjusts the charge and discharge limits for each charging and discharging device, the processing load and communication load on the management device increase as the number of charging and discharging devices installed in the microgrid increases. It is expected that the number of such charging and discharging devices will increase significantly in the future (500,000 to 1 million units) with the spread of electric vehicles. Therefore, when a single management device attempts to manage the charge and discharge limits for each of a large number of charging and discharging devices at a time, the processing load on the management device may become very large, and processing speed may also become an issue. In addition, since the information about the required charge and discharge amount of the battery of an electric vehicle connected to the chargers and dischargers of each charging and discharging device can be the personal information of its owner, it is desirable to ensure the confidentiality of this information. However, when information about the chargers and dischargers of all the charging and discharging devices within the microgrid is collected by a single management device, the burden of managing the confidentiality of this information on the management device also increases. Due to the above situation, it is very advantageous when the information on the attachment and detachment status of the battery of the electric drive vehicle and the charge and discharge requirement of the charger and discharger of each charging and discharging device within the microgrid is not collected in a single management device, and it is possible to set the limit amount of charging and discharging in each charging and discharging device and control the charge and discharge amount in each charging and discharging device according to the limit amount.

[0006] Therefore, when multiple charging and discharging devices (such as EVPS) are installed in a power grid (such as a microgrid) with a configuration for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable amount in the charging and discharging devices, the present invention provides a method or device that can set the charge and discharge limit amount of each charging and discharging device but does not need to collect information about the attachment and detachment status of the battery or the charge and discharge requirement amount for each charging and discharging device in a single management device, or can control the chargeable and dischargeable amount of each charger and discharger so that the charge and discharge amount of the charger and discharger is not unlimited or meets the management conditions required in the power grid to maintain the power stability of the power grid itself or avoid affecting the power stability of the system power grid.

[0007] However, regarding the above point, as mentioned above, with the introduction of distributed power sources into the power transmission and distribution system, a theory of introducing a distributed controller of a multi-agent system in the control of each power source or power consumption has been proposed (for example, see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2016-99955 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2020-78162). For example, according to the average consensus control of the multi-agent system, simply by controlling the arbitrary state quantity of each agent within the system while referring to the corresponding state quantity of the adjacent agent, it is possible to match the arbitrary state quantity of each agent with the average value of the initial value of the state quantity of all agents in the system. In addition, when using the theory of average consensus control of the multi-agent system, each agent can also know the average value of the initial value of the state quantity of all agents in the system simply by referring to the calculated value of the state quantity of the adjacent agent without actually controlling the state quantity of each agent. Therefore, as described above, when the theory of average consensus control of a multi-agent system is used, in a system where multiple charging and discharging devices (such as EVPSs) are connected to a power grid (such as a microgrid), information about, for example, the required charge and discharge amount can be obtained by simply referring to the corresponding information of adjacent charging and discharging devices. Each charging and discharging device can then know the average value of the required charge and discharge amounts of all charging and discharging devices in the power grid, and can set the limit on the charge and discharge amount of each charging and discharging device based on this average value, or can control the chargeable and dischargeable amount. In the present invention, this knowledge is utilized.

[0008] A first aspect of the present invention is a method for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable amounts of electricity in various charging and discharging devices in a power transmission and distribution system. The power transmission and distribution system includes a power grid and a plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid. Each charger and discharger of the charging and discharging devices is configured to, when connected to a battery, charge the battery using power from the power grid or discharge the battery by transferring power to the power grid. Each charging and discharging device in the power transmission and distribution system includes a communication unit configured to receive information regarding the required charge and discharge amounts of at least one other charging and discharging device. The method includes: a process of calculating a consensus value: in each charging and discharging device, using its own charging requirement and its own discharging requirement and information about the charging requirement and discharging requirement of at least one other charging and discharging device obtained by a communication unit, calculating a consensus value based on an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system with each charging and discharging device as an agent, the consensus value being obtained by dividing the sum of the charging requirements and the sum of the discharging requirements of all charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid by the number of agents respectively; and a process of controlling the limit amount on the charging execution amount and the limit amount on the discharging execution amount of each charging and discharging device based on the consensus value of the charging requirement and the discharging requirement in each charging and discharging device.

[0009] In the above configuration, the "power grid" may refer to a power grid used to transmit and distribute power generated by a decentralized power source or power received from a system power grid to users in a relatively small area, such as a microgrid. The "charging and discharging device" may refer to a device having a charger and discharger, such as an EVPS, and is configured to charge the battery with power from the power grid or discharge the battery by transferring power to the power grid in response to a request from a battery user when the battery installed on an electric vehicle or the like is connected to the charger and discharger, while taking into account the state of charge (SOC) of the battery. The "charge request amount" and "discharge request amount" refer to the amount of charge and discharge that need to be performed by each charging and discharging device, respectively, the "charge execution amount" and "discharge execution amount" refer to the amount of charge and discharge that are actually performed by each charging and discharging device, respectively, and the "limit on the charge execution amount" and "limit on the discharge execution amount" are the upper limits of the chargeable amount and the dischargeable amount, respectively. “Average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system” is a calculation in which, in a multi-agent system having a configuration in which each of the agents changes its own state quantity while referring to an arbitrary state quantity of an adjacent agent, the state quantity of each agent is changed so that the difference between the state quantity of each agent and the state quantity of the adjacent agent converges to zero, and the consensus value of the state quantity of all agents is calculated when the state quantities of all agents reach a consensus (that is, when the convergence condition that the absolute value of the difference between the state quantities of all agents is lower than a certain small amount is satisfied), and “average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system” is a calculation by which the consensus value becomes the average value of the initial values ​​of the state quantities of all agents (that is, the value obtained by dividing the sum of the initial values ​​of the state quantities of all agents by the number of agents). In other words, the agents in the multi-agent system constitute an undirected graph. In the case of the method of the present invention, the initial values ​​of the state quantities of each agent in the average consensus calculation are the charging requirement and the discharging requirement of each charging and discharging device. The consensus value is a value obtained by dividing the sum of the charge requirements and the sum of the discharge requirements of all charging and discharging devices by the number of agents, and when the number of agents matches the number of charging and discharging devices, the consensus values ​​are the average value of the charge requirements and the average value of the discharge requirements, respectively (however, as described below, in the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system, the management device of the power grid can also be set as an agent, in which case the consensus value is a value proportional to the average value of the charge requirements and the average value of the discharge requirements, respectively). The average consensus calculation processing of the multi-agent system can be executed at each predetermined time interval that can be set arbitrarily, or whenever the number of charging and discharging devices in the power grid or the number of charging and discharging devices connected to the storage battery changes, or whenever the charge requirements or discharge requirements of the charging and discharging devices change.

[0010] In the above-described method of the present invention, as can be understood from the configuration, a consensus value is obtained by dividing the sum of the required charge and discharge amounts of all charging and discharging devices by the number of agents for each of the multiple charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid. Based on this consensus value, the limits on the executed charge and discharge amounts for each charging and discharging device are controlled. Here, since the consensus value for the required charge and discharge amounts is proportional to the sum of the required charge and discharge amounts of the charging and discharging devices currently connected to the battery, respectively, by referring to the consensus value for each charging and discharging device, information on the currently required charge and discharge amounts can be obtained from the group of charging and discharging devices in the power grid. Consequently, the executed charge and discharge amounts can be controlled so that the charge and discharge amounts of the charging and discharging devices are not unlimited or meet the management conditions required by the power grid. What is important, then, in such a configuration is that, since each charging and discharging device is able to understand information about the total amount of charging requirements and the total amount of discharging requirements, there is no need to accumulate information about the charging requirements or discharging requirements of all charging and discharging devices in a single management device, etc. Therefore, even when the number of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid increases, there is no problem of slowing down the processing speed due to the huge computing load on one management device, etc., and the problem of increased burden of confidentiality management of information about the charging requirements or discharging requirements of all charging and discharging devices is also eliminated.

[0011] In the first aspect, when controlling the limits on the executed charge amount and the executed discharge amount for each charging and discharging device, when the consensus value of the required charge amount for all charging and discharging devices is large, the limits on the executed charge amount for each charging and discharging device can be set smaller than when the consensus value of the required charge amount for all charging and discharging devices is small. Furthermore, when the consensus value of the required discharge amount for all charging and discharging devices is large, the limits on the executed charge amount for each charging and discharging device can be set larger than when the consensus value of the required discharge amount for all charging and discharging devices is small.

[0012] In the first aspect, when controlling the limits on the executed charge amount and the executed discharge amount for each charging and discharging device, when the consensus value of the required charge amount for all charging and discharging devices is large, the limits on the executed discharge amount for each charging and discharging device may be set larger than when the consensus value of the required charge amount for all charging and discharging devices is small. Furthermore, when the consensus value of the required discharge amount for all charging and discharging devices is large, the limits on the executed discharge amount for each charging and discharging device may be set smaller than when the consensus value of the required discharge amount for all charging and discharging devices is small.

[0013] In the first scheme, in the process of controlling the limit amount on the charging execution amount and the limit amount on the discharging execution amount of each charging and discharging device, the limit amount on the charging execution amount and the limit amount on the discharging execution amount of each charging and discharging device can be controlled so as to meet the management conditions for the amount of electricity flowing in the power grid.

[0014] In a first embodiment, a power transmission and distribution system may include a management device configured to manage the amount of electricity in a power grid. The management device may set a planned value for the amount of electricity fed into the power grid from at least one of a power generation facility or a system power grid supplying electricity to the power grid. In controlling the limits on the amount of charging and discharging executed by each charging and discharging device, the limits on the amount of charging and discharging executed by each charging and discharging device may be controlled so as to satisfy a management condition for setting the amount of electricity fed relative to the planned value. The management device manages the amount of electricity fed so as to satisfy a management condition for setting the amount of electricity fed relative to the planned value, such as a condition that the difference between the amount of electricity fed and the planned value is maintained within a predetermined, appropriately set error range.

[0015] In the first solution, the management device can detect the required amount of electricity in the power grid. In the process of controlling the limit amount of charging execution and the limit amount of discharging execution of each charging and discharging device, the limit amount of charging execution and the limit amount of discharging execution of each charging and discharging device can be controlled so as to meet the management conditions set for the fed power and the required power. When detecting the required amount of electricity in the power grid (i.e., the amount of electricity consumed by various facilities in the power grid), the management device manages the fed power so as to meet the management conditions set for the fed power and the required power, for example, the condition that the supply and demand balance in the power grid remains within a predetermined error range that is appropriately set. It should be noted that due to the fed power and the required power in the power grid, the limit amount of charging execution and the limit amount of discharging execution of each charging and discharging device can be greater than the required charging amount or the required discharging amount of each charging and discharging device.

[0016] In the first approach, a management device can be used as a proxy in the multi-agent system's average consensus calculation process when calculating consensus values ​​for the required charge and discharge quantities of all charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid. While the management device itself does not have required charge or discharge quantities, if it is configured as a proxy in the multi-agent system's average consensus calculation process in the same manner as the charging and discharging devices, the management device can also grasp the consensus values ​​for the required charge and discharge quantities, namely, information regarding the sum of the required charge and discharge quantities. In this case, the consensus value obtained through the multi-agent system's average consensus calculation is obtained by dividing the sum of the required charge and discharge quantities, respectively, by the number of charging and discharging devices plus 1.

[0017] In a first embodiment, a power transmission and distribution system may include: a communication unit configured to cause a management device to transmit information regarding a planned value and required power of fed power to at least one charging and discharging device; and a communication unit in each charging and discharging device configured to receive information regarding the planned value and required power of fed power from at least one other charging and discharging device. The method may include a process of calculating a consensus value based on an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system using each charging and discharging device and the management device as agents, the consensus value being obtained by dividing the planned value and required power of fed power for each charging and discharging device and the management device by the number of agents. In controlling the amount of charge execution and the amount of discharge execution restrictions for each charging and discharging device, the amount of charge execution and the amount of discharge execution restrictions for each charging and discharging device may be controlled based on the consensus value of the required charge and discharge requirements and the consensus value of the planned value and required power of fed power.

[0018] In the first solution, each charging and discharging device does not maintain information about the planned and required power supply values ​​in the power grid before the multi-agent system performs average consensus calculations. However, the multi-agent system performs average consensus calculations to determine the consensus values ​​for the planned and required power supply values. This allows each charging and discharging device to obtain information about the planned and required power supply values ​​in the power grid without directly communicating with the management device. Consequently, by further considering the planned and required power supply values, it is expected that the limits on the executed charging and discharging amounts at each charging and discharging device can be more accurately controlled.

[0019] As described in the embodiments below, in the first scheme, the divisor when obtaining the consensus values ​​for the required charge and discharge quantities, as well as the planned and required power supply quantities, is the number of all agents, that is, the number of charging and discharging devices plus 1. Therefore, when determining the limit on the executed charge quantity or the limit on the executed discharge quantity, when the limit is given by dividing one consensus value by the other, since the number of charging and discharging devices plus 1 is eliminated in the divisor and dividend of this calculation, (the number of charging and discharging devices plus 1) does not explicitly appear in the formula for giving the limit, and at each charging and discharging device, the limit can be calculated even if the number of charging and discharging devices is unknown, thereby reducing the communication load in the system.

[0020] In the first aspect, in controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device, the limit amount of the charge execution amount of each charge and discharge device may be set as follows:

[0021] (Charge requirement of each charging / discharging device) × (Chargeable amount in the power grid) / (Total charge requirement of all charging / discharging devices in the power grid)

[0022] In the first aspect, in controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device, the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device may be set as follows:

[0023] (Discharge requirements of each charging and discharging device) × (dischargeable amount of electricity in the power grid) / (the sum of discharge requirements of all charging and discharging devices in the power grid)

[0024] In a power transmission and distribution system including a power grid and a plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid, the method is implemented by a system in the plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid. The system calculates a consensus value based on an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system, a value obtained by dividing the sum of the charging requirements of all charging and discharging devices by the number of agents, and a value obtained by dividing the sum of the discharging requirements by the number of agents, and controls the chargeable or dischargeable amount of each charging and discharging device based on the consensus value. A second embodiment of the present invention is a system for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable amounts of each charging and discharging device included in the power transmission and distribution system. The power transmission and distribution system includes a power grid and a plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid. When connected to a battery, each charger and discharger of the charging and discharging device is configured to charge the battery using power from the power grid and discharge the battery by transferring power to the power grid. The power transmission and distribution system includes a communication unit in each charging and discharging device, the communication unit being configured to receive information regarding the charge and discharge requirements of at least one other charging and discharging device. The system includes a demand quantity consensus value calculation unit and a charge / discharge limit quantity control unit in each charging / discharging device. The demand quantity consensus value calculation unit is configured to calculate a consensus value based on average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system with each charging / discharging device as an agent, using its own charge demand quantity and discharge demand quantity, as well as information about the charge demand quantity and discharge demand quantity of at least one other charging / discharging device acquired by a communication unit. The consensus value is obtained by dividing the sum of the charge demand quantity and the sum of the discharge demand quantity of all charging / discharging devices connected to the power grid by the number of agents. The charge / discharge limit quantity control unit is configured to control the limit quantity of the executed charge quantity and the limit quantity of the executed discharge quantity of each charging / discharging device based on the consensus value of the charge demand quantity and the discharge demand quantity. The demand quantity consensus value calculation unit and the charge / discharge limit quantity control unit can be implemented by a control device composed of a computer provided in each charging / discharging device.

[0025] In the second scheme, the charge and discharge limit amount control unit can be configured to set the limit amount on the charging execution amount of each charging and discharging device to be smaller when the consensus value of the charging requirement amount of all charging and discharging devices is large, compared with when the consensus value of the charging requirement amount of all charging and discharging devices is small, and to set the limit amount on the charging execution amount of each charging and discharging device to be larger when the consensus value of the discharge requirement amount of all charging and discharging devices is large, compared with when the consensus value of the discharge requirement amount of all charging and discharging devices is small.

[0026] In the second scheme, the charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to set the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device to be larger when the consensus value of the charge requirement amount of all charge and discharge devices is large than when the consensus value of the charge requirement amount of all charge and discharge devices is small, and to set the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device to be smaller when the consensus value of the discharge requirement amount of all charge and discharge devices is large than when the consensus value of the discharge requirement amount of all charge and discharge devices is small.

[0027] In the second aspect, the charge and discharge limit amount control unit may be configured to control the limit amounts of charge execution amount and discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device so as to satisfy management conditions for the amount of power flowing in the power grid.

[0028] In a second aspect, the power transmission and distribution system may include a management device configured to manage the amount of electricity in the power grid. The management device may set a planned value for the amount of electricity fed into the power grid from at least one of a power generation facility supplying electricity to the power grid or a system power grid. A charge and discharge limit control unit may control the limits on the amount of charging and discharging executed by each charging and discharging device to satisfy a management condition for setting the amount of electricity fed relative to the planned value.

[0029] In the second solution, the management device can detect the required power in the power grid, and the charge / discharge limit control unit can control the limit on the charge and discharge execution amounts of each charging / discharging device to meet the management conditions set for the fed power and required power.

[0030] In the second aspect, the demand quantity consensus value calculation unit may use the management device as an agent in the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system.

[0031] In a second aspect, a power transmission and distribution system may include: a communication unit configured to cause a management device to transmit information regarding a planned value and required power of fed power to at least one charging and discharging device; and a communication unit in each charging and discharging device configured to receive information regarding the planned value and required power of fed power from at least one other charging and discharging device. The system may include a fed power and required power consensus value calculation unit in each charging and discharging device, configured to calculate a consensus value based on an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system using each charging and discharging device and management device as an agent, the consensus value being obtained by dividing the planned value and required power of fed power for each charging and discharging device and management device by the number of agents. A charge and discharge limit control unit may be configured to control the limit on the executed charging amount and the limit on the executed discharging amount for each charging and discharging device based on the consensus value of the required charging and discharging amounts and the consensus value of the planned value and required power of fed power.

[0032] In the second aspect, the charge and discharge limit amount control unit may be configured to set the limit amount on the charge execution amount of each charge and discharge device as follows:

[0033] (Charge requirement of each charging / discharging device) × (Chargeable amount in the power grid) / (Total charge requirement of all charging / discharging devices in the power grid)

[0034] In the second solution, the charge and discharge limit amount control unit may set the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each charge and discharge device as follows:

[0035] (Discharge requirements of each charging and discharging device) × (dischargeable amount of electricity in the power grid) / (the sum of discharge requirements of all charging and discharging devices in the power grid)

[0036] Therefore, in the second scheme, in a power transmission and distribution system comprising a power grid and multiple charging and discharging devices connected to the grid, using average consensus calculation by a multi-agent system, each charging and discharging device can share information regarding values ​​proportional to the sum of the required charging and discharging amounts of all charging and discharging devices connected to the grid. By constantly referring to this information, each device can grasp the limits on the executed charging and discharging amounts and more appropriately control its own charging or discharging amount. Importantly, in this configuration, each charging and discharging device does not need to obtain information regarding the required charging and discharging amounts from all other charging and discharging devices, nor does it need to perform the following processes: accumulating information regarding the required charging and discharging amounts of all charging and discharging devices in a single management device, performing calculations using this information, and transmitting and returning the calculation results to all charging and discharging devices. Consequently, it is expected that the computational processing load and communication load required to control the executed charging and discharging amounts of each charging and discharging device will be significantly reduced, and information confidentiality will be easily managed. In addition, the beneficial effects of the method and system according to the present invention can be obtained even when the number of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid increases, and therefore, with the promotion of electric vehicles in the future, in the case where the number of EVPSs installed in microgrids is expected to increase excessively, the method and system according to the present invention is expected to be used advantageously.

[0037] Other objects and advantageous effects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like elements, and in which:

[0039] Figure 1A is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a power transmission and distribution system to which the present embodiment is applied;

[0040] Figure 1B This is a diagram illustrating, in block diagram form, a configuration for controlling the charge and discharge limit amount of the charge and discharge device (EVPS) in this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 1C is a diagram illustrating, in the form of a block diagram, a configuration for performing average consensus calculation for determining the charge and discharge limit amount of the microgrid provider (MGP) in the present embodiment;

[0042] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating, in the form of a flowchart, a process for determining the charge and discharge limit amount for each EVPS of this embodiment;

[0043] Figure 3A It is shown in the figure Figure 1A FIGURE 1 shows a graph of a set of calculation examples for calculating the average consensus of a multi-agent system;

[0044] Figure 3B It is shown in the figure Figure 3A A graph showing how the values ​​of the elements of the state vector change over time when the average consensus calculation is performed in the graph of ;

[0045] Figure 4A It is used as a graphic Figure 3B a graph showing how the amount of restriction on the amount of charging performed, calculated based on the values ​​of the respective elements of the state vector of , changes over time; and

[0046] Figure 4B It is used as a graphic Figure 3B A graph showing how the amount of restriction on the amount of discharge executed calculated based on the values ​​of the elements of the state vector changes over time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same elements.

[0048] Configuration of transmission and distribution systems

[0049] Reference Figure 1A The control method and control system according to this embodiment are advantageously applied to a power transmission and distribution system 1 that controls power transmission and distribution within a power grid, known as a "microgrid," which transmits and distributes power within a relatively small area. In this power transmission and distribution system 1, a power grid PL is deployed among various entities, such as a power supplier MGP (which manages the amount of power or electricity flowing within the microgrid), power generation facilities PV (such as solar power generation facilities), and power demand facilities DM (which consume power), to enable power transmission and reception. Typically, multiple power demand facilities DM are connected to the power grid PL at various locations, but are schematically represented as DM in the various figures. Furthermore, multiple power generation facilities PV may also be present. Furthermore, the power grid PL is also connected to the system power grid, a centralized power grid supplied from a large power plant, via a power grid PLc from the power supplier MGP. The system is configured to similarly enable power reception and supply between the microgrid and the system power grid. Furthermore, as described in the "Background Art" and "Summary of the Invention," with the recent proliferation of electric vehicles, charging and discharging equipment (EVPS) for charging and discharging batteries in these vehicles has been installed at various locations within the power transmission and distribution system 1. In these EVPSs, by connecting a charger and discharger to the power grid PL and connecting the battery of the electric vehicle to the charger and discharger, the battery can be charged with power from the power grid PL or discharged by transferring power to the power grid PL.

[0050] In the power transmission and distribution system 1, the supplier MGP is configured to manage the amount of electricity generated by the power generation facilities PV and fed into the microgrid, as well as the amount of electricity received from the system power grid (feed electricity), so as to cover the amount of electricity required by the power demand facilities DM. To this end, the supplier MGP is provided with a communication network CL for receiving information about the amount of electricity generated by the power generation facilities PV or about the amount of electricity consumed at the power demand facilities DM (required electricity) measured by a measuring instrument (such as a smart meter m). In addition, to manage the amount of charging and discharging executed by each EVPS, the system 1 is provided with a communication network CL for transmitting information between each EVPS and the supplier MGP, such as the required amount of charging and discharging of the charger and discharger in each EVPS (required charging amount, required discharging amount). As described in more detail below, the communication network between the supplier MGP and each EVPS is configured to enable the supplier MGP to communicate with at least one EVPS, and each EVPS to communicate with at least one other EVPS, in order to implement the method or system according to this embodiment. Specifically, each EVPS is configured to be able to communicate with all other EVPSs directly or via other EVPSs, and the provider MGP is configured to be able to communicate with all EVPSs directly or via at least one EVPS.The communication network CL can be a wired communicator or a wireless communicator.

[0051] Control configuration of charge and discharge limit in EVPS (charging and discharging equipment) and supplier (management device)

[0052] In an embodiment, as described in more detail below, control of the chargeable amount and the dischargeable amount in each charger and discharger of each EVPS connected to the power transmission and distribution system 1 is performed. Specifically, such control can be achieved by adjusting the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of the charger and discharger of each EVPS. To this end, in each EVPS, and further in the supplier, a configuration for controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each EVPS is set as follows. Figure 1B and Figure 1C The configuration and operation of each part can be implemented by operating according to the program of the computer device provided as the control device in each EVPS and supplier. The computer device can include a drive circuit and a computer having a CPU, ROM, RAM, and input / output port device connected to each other in a common form via a bidirectional common bus.

[0053] Specifically, first, refer to Figure 1BEach EVPS may be provided with a charge requirement input unit, a discharge requirement input unit, a charge requirement consensus calculation unit, a discharge requirement consensus calculation unit, a fed power consensus calculation unit, a required power consensus calculation unit, a charge limit calculation unit, a discharge limit calculation unit, a charge execution amount determination unit, a discharge execution amount determination unit, and a communication module. The charge requirement input unit and the discharge requirement input unit are respectively configured to receive input of a charge requirement and a discharge requirement for a battery connected to the charger and discharger through an EVPS user or based on the state of charge of the battery connected to the charger and discharger. In each EVPS, when an effective value is given to the charge requirement, the discharge requirement becomes zero, and when an effective value is given to the discharge requirement, the charge requirement becomes zero. As described below, the charging requirement consensus calculation unit, the discharging requirement consensus calculation unit, the feeding power consensus calculation unit and the required power consensus calculation unit are respectively configured to use the average consensus calculation method of the multi-agent system with EVPS and the supplier MGP as agents to send and receive information about the charging requirement, discharging requirement, the planned value of the feeding power (the sum of the power generation of the power generation facility PV and the power received from the system power grid) provided by the supplier and the required power of each charger and discharger via the communication module, and calculate the value obtained by dividing the sum of the charging requirement of all chargers and dischargers, the sum of the discharge requirement of all chargers and dischargers, the planned value of the feeding power (the sum of the power generation of the power generation facility PV and the power received from the system power grid) and the required power by the number of all agents as the consensus value. The charge limit amount calculation unit and the discharge limit amount calculation unit are each configured to calculate a limit amount on the charge execution amount (charge limit amount) and a limit amount on the discharge execution amount (discharge limit amount) using consensus values ​​obtained by the charge requirement consensus calculation unit, the discharge requirement consensus calculation unit, the fed power consensus calculation unit, and the required power consensus calculation unit, respectively. The charge execution amount determination unit and the discharge execution amount determination unit are then each configured to determine the charge execution amount and the discharge execution amount so that the charge requirement and the discharge requirement are achieved within a range that does not exceed the charge limit and the discharge limit.

[0054] On the other hand, refer to Figure 1CThe provider MGP can be equipped with a planned feed power value setting unit, a required power detection unit, a charge requirement consensus calculation unit, a discharge requirement consensus calculation unit, a feed power consensus calculation unit, a required power consensus calculation unit, and a communication module. The planned feed power value setting unit is configured to set a planned feed power value predetermined by the provider MGP using any method. As previously described, the required power detection unit is configured to detect a value obtained by measuring the power consumption of the power demand facilities (DM) in the microgrid using a smart meter or the like. Similar to the corresponding units provided in the EVPS, the charge requirement consensus calculation unit, the discharge requirement consensus calculation unit, the feed power consensus calculation unit, and the required power consensus calculation unit are configured to use a multi-agent system average consensus calculation method to transmit and receive information about the charge and discharge requirements of each charger and discharger, the planned feed power value provided by the provider, and the required power between adjacent agents (EVPSs) via the communication module, and calculate their respective consensus values. The planned feed power value is provided by the planned feed power value setting unit, while the required power is provided by the required power detection unit.

[0055] Control process of charging and discharging limit of charging and discharging equipment (EVPS)

[0056] (1) Power management in the power grid PL as a microgrid

[0057] In the power transmission and distribution system 1, the provider MGP manages the amount of electricity flowing through the power grid PL, which is a microgrid, so that the amount of electricity flowing through the power grid PL satisfies predetermined conditions (management conditions) in order to stabilize the amount of electricity flowing through the power grid PL and not affect the stability of the power of the system power grid connected to the power grid PL. More specifically, as a management condition, for example, the following condition can be set: the sum of the amount of electricity generated by the power generation facility PV and the amount of electricity received from the system power grid (the amount of electricity fed into the power grid PL) is managed so that it is within an appropriately set error range relative to a pre-set planned value. In other words, the following condition can be set: the amount of electricity fed into the power grid PL is managed. act , so that relative to the planned value P plan The following conditions are met:

[0058] [Formula 1]

[0059]

[0060] Here, a(%) is the power supply P act Relative to the planned value P plan The allowable error.

[0061] Furthermore, as another management condition, a condition may be set to keep the supply-demand balance in the power grid PL within a predetermined range. Specifically, when the supply-demand balance b is defined as:

[0062] (Amount of electricity consumed in the microgrid or absorbed into the microgrid) / (Amount of electricity fed into the microgrid or released from the microgrid),

[0063] The supply and demand balance b can be managed to satisfy the following conditions:

[0064] b low ≤b≤b high ...(2)

[0065] Here, b low and b high are the minimum and maximum allowable limits of the supply and demand balance b, respectively. For simplicity, assuming that the allowable error of b is the same as a(%) in formula (1), the conditions of formula (2) are as follows:

[0066] [Formula 2]

[0067]

[0068] Furthermore, in the power transmission and distribution system 1 according to the present embodiment, some of the plurality of EVPSs absorb power from the power grid PL by charging the storage battery, while the other plurality of EVPSs release power to the power grid PL by discharging the storage battery. In this case, the fed power quantity P of each EVPS is used. act Required power P Demand and the required charge quantity P i Chg and discharge requirement P i Dis , the supply and demand balance b is expressed as follows:

[0069] [Formula 3]

[0070]

[0071] Here, N is the number of EVPSs connected to the power grid PL.

[0072] (2) Setting the charge and discharge limits of the charging and discharging equipment (EVPS)

[0073] As described above, in the power transmission and distribution system 1, the charger / discharger of each EVPS connects its connected storage battery (not shown) to the power grid PL and charges and discharges the storage battery. As described in the "Background Art" and "Summary of the Invention," if the charging and discharging of each charger / discharger is continued indefinitely, the power of the power grid PL may become unstable, and further, the system power grid to which the power grid PL is connected may also be affected. To avoid this, a limit on the amount of charging performed (charge limit) or the amount of discharging performed (discharge limit) is set for each EVPS's charger / discharger.

[0074] Specifically, the charging limit amount is set so that the allowable charging execution amount of each EVPS becomes larger as the total amount of electricity available for charging in the power grid PL becomes larger. Then, when the discharge requirement of all EVPS becomes larger, the total amount of electricity available for charging in the power grid PL becomes larger, and therefore, finally, the allowable charging execution amount (i.e., the charging limit amount) of each EVPS can be set to become larger as the discharge requirement of all EVPS becomes larger. In addition, the amount of electricity that can be allocated to each EVPS becomes smaller as the required charging amount (charging requirement) in the power grid PL becomes larger, and therefore, the allowable charging execution amount (i.e., the charging limit amount) of each EVPS can be set to be smaller. Then, here, when it is assumed that the allowable charging execution amount allocated to each EVPS is allocated in proportion to the charging requirement of each EVPS, the charging limit amount can be set as follows:

[0075] (The charging requirement of each EVPS P i Chg )×(capable amount of charge in the power grid PL) / (the sum of the charging requirements of all EVPSs in the power grid PL)…(3)

[0076] In formula (3), the chargeable amount in the power grid PL is expressed as follows:

[0077] [Formula 4]

[0078]

[0079] Here,

[0080] [Formula 5]

[0081]

[0082] Therefore, the charging limit P of each EVPS i ChgLimit It can be expressed as follows:

[0083] [Formula 6]

[0084] When ∑Pi Chg >0 o'clock,

[0085]

[0086] (When ∑P i Chg =0, P i ChgLimit is set to zero.)

[0087] The discharge limit amount is set so that the allowable discharge execution amount of each EVPS becomes larger as the remaining amount of dischargeable electricity in the power grid PL becomes larger. Then, when the charging requirement of all EVPS becomes larger, the remaining amount of dischargeable electricity in the power grid PL becomes larger, and therefore, finally, the allowable discharge execution amount (i.e., the discharge limit amount) of each EVPS can be set to become larger as the charging requirement of all EVPS becomes larger. In addition, the amount of electricity that can be allocated to each EVPS becomes smaller as the required discharge amount (discharge requirement) in the power grid PL becomes larger, and therefore, the allowable discharge execution amount (i.e., the discharge limit amount) of each EVPS can be set to be smaller. Then, here, when it is assumed that the allowable discharge execution amount allocated to each EVPS is allocated in proportion to the discharge requirement of each EVPS, the discharge limit amount can be set as follows:

[0088] (The required discharge amount P of each EVPS i Dis )×(dischargeable power in the power grid PL) / (the sum of the discharge requirements of all EVPSs in the power grid PL)…(4)

[0089] However, when setting the discharge limit, in order to meet the management conditions, the supply and demand balance b of formula (2a) needs to be satisfied. Therefore, the dischargeable power ∑P in the power grid PL can be set i DisLimit , which satisfies the following conditions:

[0090] [Formula 7]

[0091]

[0092] Then, the dischargeable power ∑P in the power grid PL i DisLimit The expression is as follows:

[0093] [Formula 8]

[0094]

[0095] Here,

[0096] [Formula 9]

[0097]

[0098] Therefore, in order to avoid a negative value, the discharge limit amount P i DisLimit It can be expressed as follows:

[0099] [Equation 10]

[0100] When ∑P i Dis >0,

[0101]

[0102] (When ∑P i Dis =0, P i DisLimit is set to zero.)

[0103] (3) Calculate the consensus value through the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system

[0104] When the power supply plan value P is obtained plan Required power P Demand And the total charge requirement of all chargers and dischargers ∑P i Chg and the total discharge requirement ∑P i Dis When the charging limit and discharge limit of each EVPS are calculated in each EVPS, the charging limit and discharge limit of each EVPS can be calculated in each EVPS. As mentioned above, in this regard, in the communication network between the EVPS and the supplier MGP, the EVPS and the supplier MGP serve as agents to form a multi-agent system, and each EVPS and the supplier MGP refer to the feed power plan value P. plan Required power P Demand , charging requirement P i Chg , discharge requirement P i Dis While calculating the average consensus of the multi-agent system as each state quantity (i.e., the state quantity of the neighboring agents), the calculation for updating the state quantity of the agent itself is performed to reduce the difference between the state quantity of the agent itself and the state quantity of the neighboring agents. Therefore, each EVPS and the supplier MGP can obtain the feed power plan value P separately and independently. plan , power demand P Demand And the total charge requirement of all chargers and dischargers ∑P i Chg and the total discharge requirement ∑P i DisThe values ​​obtained by dividing the numerator and denominator of each of the equations (3c) and (4d) by the number of all agents can then be obtained. Since the number of all agents is the divisor in the two calculated values ​​corresponding to the numerator and denominator, the number of all agents is eliminated in the charge limit amount and discharge limit amount of each EVPS, and finally, each EVPS can calculate the charge limit amount and discharge limit amount respectively using the average consensus calculation process of the multi-agent system.

[0105] In the average consensus calculation process of the multi-agent system according to the present embodiment, specifically, calculation may be performed for each variable of the following state vector qi:

[0106] qi=[x1,x2,x3,x4]

[0107] Here, "i" is the EVPS number from 1 to N, p is the supplier number, and x1, x2, x3, and x4 are values ​​calculated using the planned feed-in power, required power, required charge, and required discharge power, respectively, as initial values. The initial value of the state vector qi is expressed as follows:

[0108] q p =[P plan ,P Demand ,0,0]

[0109] q1=[0,0,P1 Chg ,P1 Dis ]

[0110] q2=[0,0,P2 Chg ,P2 Dis ] ...

[0112] q N =[0,0,P N Chg ,P N Dis ]

[0113] For each EVPS, when P i Chg >0, P i Dis =0, and when P i Dis >0, P i Chg = 0. Then, when the average consensus calculation is performed using the initial value vector, the state vector qi converges to the following vector in each EVPS and supplier:

[0114] [Equation 11]

[0115]

[0116] The convergence condition may be, for example, when the following condition is satisfied for a small amount ε (eg, 0.01).

[0117] |x1 k+1 -x1 k | / |x1 k+1 |<ε...(5a)(x1 k is the state variable in the kth cycle)

[0118] Therefore, when the convergence value of the state vector qi is obtained in each EVPS and the supplier, each EVPS calculates the charge limit amount or the discharge limit amount using equation (3c) or equation (4d). plan and P Demand The supplier can therefore detect the number N of EVPSs connected to the power grid from the converged value of the state vector qi.

[0119] As previously described, in the execution of the average consensus calculation process of the multi-agent system, each EVPS and supplier can receive information directly from at least one other agent, and receive information from other agents from at least one agent from which it directly receives information. Therefore, in this embodiment, compared with the case where information is received and calculated from all EVPSs and suppliers, the number of pieces of information received by each EVPS and supplier is significantly reduced (reduced to at least one piece), so that the load of the expected communication processing and the computation processing will be significantly reduced.

[0120] (4) Control processing flow

[0121] In the control process of the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each EVPS, the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system can be performed in a timely manner so that the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each EVPS are updated. Figure 2In the control process, specifically, first, it is determined whether to start the consensus calculation process (step 1), and when the conditions for starting the process are met, the consensus calculation process is started. The consensus calculation process can be repeated, for example, every time a predetermined time interval that can be set arbitrarily passes, whenever the number of EVPSs in the power grid or the number of EVPSs connected to the battery changes, or whenever the charging requirement or discharge requirement of the EVPS changes. When the consensus calculation process starts, first, the state vector value is sent and received with the adjacent EVPS (the adjacent EVPS can be an EVPS or MGP that directly communicates with each other, and does not necessarily have to be an EVPS or MGP that is adjacent in distance) (step 2). Next, using the received state vector value, the calculation of updating its own state vector value is performed so that the difference between its own state vector value and the received state vector value is reduced (step 3). Therefore, it is determined whether the obtained updated state vector value meets the convergence condition (5a) (step 4), and steps 2 to 4 are repeated until the convergence condition (5a) is met for all variables in the state vector. Then, when the convergence condition (5a) is satisfied, the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each charger and discharger are calculated using equations (3c), (4d), and the like.

[0122] As described above, when the charge limit amount or the discharge limit amount is calculated in each EVPS, it is compared with the charge request amount or the discharge request amount, the smaller value is selected as the execution amount, and the battery is charged or discharged.

[0123] Calculation Example

[0124] In the composition Figure 3A Examples of graphics EVPS and suppliers, such as Figure 3A The figure gives initial values ​​and performs a simulation of the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system. Figure 3B The diagram shows the planned power supply value P plan Required power P Demand , charging requirement P i Chg and discharge requirement P i Dis The change of the state vector. Figure 3B As shown in the figure, it is confirmed that the planned amount of fed power, the required amount of power, the required amount of charging and the required amount of discharging all reach the consensus value P plan _C, P demand _C, P Chg _C and P Dis _C. In addition, Figure 4A and Figure 4B The figure shows the charge limit P calculated using the consensus value. i ChgLimit and discharge limit P iDisLimit .like Figure 4A and Figure 4B As shown in the figure, the charge limit amount P i ChgLimit and discharge limit P i DisLimit Therefore, the method according to this embodiment can be used to calculate the charge limit amount and the discharge limit amount of each charger and discharger.

[0125] Although the above description has been made in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will readily be able to make many modifications and changes. It will be clear that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated above, but can be applied to various devices without departing from the concept of the present invention.

[0126] The charging and discharging device used in this embodiment is not limited to the EVPS, and may be a device that can charge and discharge batteries in any form of power grid.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable amounts of each charging and discharging device included in a power transmission and distribution system, characterized by: The power transmission and distribution system includes a power grid and a plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid; Each charger and discharger of the charging and discharging device is configured to, when connected to a storage battery, charge the storage battery using power from the power grid or discharge the storage battery by transferring power to the power grid; The power transmission and distribution system includes, in each of the charging and discharging devices, a communication unit configured to receive information about a required charge amount and a required discharge amount of at least one other charging and discharging device; and The method comprises: A process for calculating a consensus value: in each of the charging and discharging devices, using its own required charge amount and its own required discharge amount, and information about the required charge amount and the required discharge amount of the at least one other charging and discharging device acquired by the communication unit, calculates the consensus value based on average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system with each of the charging and discharging devices as agents, wherein the consensus value is obtained by dividing the sum of the required charge amounts and the sum of the required discharge amounts of all the charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid by the number of agents. as well as In each of the charging and discharging devices, a process is performed to control the amount of charge execution and the amount of discharge execution of each of the charging and discharging devices based on the consensus value of the required charge and required discharge amounts.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: In the process of controlling the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount for each of the charge and discharge devices, When the consensus value of the required charge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is large, the limit amount on the executed charge amount of each of the charging and discharging devices is set to be smaller than when the consensus value of the required charge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is small; and When the consensus value of the required discharge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is large, the limit amount on the executed charge amount of each of the charging and discharging devices is set larger than when the consensus value of the required discharge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is small.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the process of controlling the limiting amount of the charge execution amount and the limiting amount of the discharge execution amount for each of the charge and discharge devices, When the consensus value of the required charge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is large, the limit amount on the executed discharge amount of each of the charging and discharging devices is set to be larger than when the consensus value of the required charge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is small; and When the consensus value of the required discharge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is large, the limit amount on the executed discharge amount of each of the charging and discharging devices is set smaller than when the consensus value of the required discharge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is small.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that In the process of controlling the limit amount on the charging execution amount and the limit amount on the discharging execution amount of each of the charging and discharging devices, the limit amount on the charging execution amount and the limit amount on the discharging execution amount of each of the charging and discharging devices are controlled so as to satisfy management conditions for the amount of electricity flowing in the power grid.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power transmission and distribution system includes a management device configured to manage the amount of power in the power grid; The management device is configured to set a planned value of the amount of power fed into the power grid from at least one of a power generation facility supplying power to the power grid or a system power grid; and In the process of controlling the limit amount on the charge execution amount and the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount on the charge execution amount and the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices are controlled so as to satisfy a management condition for setting the fed power amount relative to the planned value.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The management device is configured to detect the amount of power required in the power grid; and In the process of controlling the limit amount on the charge execution amount and the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount on the charge execution amount and the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices are controlled so as to satisfy management conditions set for the fed power amount and the required power amount.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that In calculating consensus values ​​of the required charge amounts and the required discharge amounts of all the charging and discharging equipment connected to the power grid, the management device is used as the agent in the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The power transmission and distribution system comprises: a communication unit having a configuration in which the management device transmits information on the planned value and required power amount of the fed power amount to at least one charging and discharging device; and a communication unit in each of the charging and discharging devices, configured to receive the information on the planned value of the fed power amount and the required power amount from at least one other charging and discharging device; The method further includes a process of calculating a consensus value based on an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system with each of the charging and discharging equipment and the management device as the agents, wherein the consensus value is obtained by dividing the planned value of the fed power and the required power of each of the charging and discharging equipment and the management device by the number of the agents, respectively; and In the process of controlling the limit amount on the charge execution amount and the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount on the charge execution amount and the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices are controlled based on the consensus value of the charge requirement amount and the discharge requirement amount and the planned value of the fed power amount and the consensus value of the required power amount.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that In the process of controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount of the charge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices is set as follows: (charge requirement of each of the charging and discharging devices)×(chargeable amount of electricity in the power grid) / (the sum of the charge requirement of all the charging and discharging devices in the power grid).

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that In the process of controlling the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices, the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices is set as follows: (discharge request amount of each of the charging and discharging devices)×(dischargeable amount of electricity in the power grid) / (the sum of the discharge request amounts of all the charging and discharging devices in the power grid).

11. A system for controlling the chargeable and dischargeable amounts of each charging and discharging device included in a power transmission and distribution system, characterized by: The power transmission and distribution system includes a power grid and a plurality of charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid; Each charger and discharger of the charging and discharging device is configured to, when connected to a storage battery, charge the storage battery using power from the power grid or discharge the storage battery by transferring power to the power grid; The power transmission and distribution system includes, in each of the charging and discharging devices, a communication unit configured to receive information about a required charge amount and a required discharge amount of at least one other charging and discharging device; and The system includes in each of the charging and discharging devices: a demand quantity consensus value calculation unit configured to calculate a consensus value based on average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system with each of the charging and discharging devices as agents, using its own demand quantity for charging and discharging, and the information on the demand quantity for charging and discharging of the at least one other charging and discharging device acquired by the communication unit, wherein the consensus value is obtained by dividing the sum of the demand quantities for charging and discharging of all the charging and discharging devices connected to the power grid by the number of agents; and A charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to control a limit amount on a charge execution amount and a limit amount on a discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices based on the consensus value of the charge request amount and the discharge request amount.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein: The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to: When the consensus value of the required charge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is large, the limit amount on the executed charge amount of each of the charging and discharging devices is set to be smaller than when the consensus value of the required charge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is small; and When the consensus value of the required discharge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is large, the limit amount on the executed charge amount of each of the charging and discharging devices is set larger than when the consensus value of the required discharge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is small.

13. The system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to: When the consensus value of the required charge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is large, the limit amount on the executed discharge amount of each of the charging and discharging devices is set to be larger than when the consensus value of the required charge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is small; and When the consensus value of the required discharge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is large, the limit amount on the executed discharge amount of each of the charging and discharging devices is set smaller than when the consensus value of the required discharge amount of all the charging and discharging devices is small.

14. The system according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to control the limit amounts of the charge execution amount and the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices so as to satisfy management conditions for the amount of power flowing in the power network.

15. The system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The power transmission and distribution system includes a management device configured to manage the amount of power in the power grid; The management device is configured to set a planned value of the amount of power fed into the power grid from at least one of a power generation facility supplying power to the power grid or a system power grid; and The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to control the limit amount of the charge execution amount and the limit amount of the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices so that a management condition for setting the fed power amount relative to the planned value is satisfied.

16. The system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The management device is configured to detect the amount of power required in the power grid; and The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to control the limit amount on the charge execution amount and the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices so that management conditions set for the fed power amount and the required power amount are satisfied.

17. The system according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that The demand quantity consensus value calculation unit is configured to use the management device as the agent in the average consensus calculation of the multi-agent system.

18. The system according to claim 17, characterized in that: The power transmission and distribution system comprises: a communication unit having a configuration in which the management device transmits information on the planned value and required power amount of the fed power amount to at least one charging and discharging device; and a communication unit in each of the charging and discharging devices, configured to receive the information on the planned value of the fed power amount and the required power amount from at least one other charging and discharging device; The system further includes a fed power and required power consensus value calculation unit in each of the charging and discharging devices and the management device, which is configured to calculate a consensus value based on an average consensus calculation of a multi-agent system with each of the charging and discharging devices and the management device as the agents, the consensus value being obtained by dividing the planned fed power and required power values ​​of each of the charging and discharging devices and the management device by the number of the agents, respectively; and In each of the charging and discharging devices, the charging and discharging limit amount control unit is configured to control the limit amount on the charging execution amount and the limit amount on the discharging execution amount of each of the charging and discharging devices based on the consensus value of the charging requirement amount and the discharging requirement amount and the planned value of the fed power amount and the consensus value of the required power amount.

19. The system according to any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to set the limit amount on the charge execution amount for each of the charge and discharge devices as follows: (charge requirement of each of the charging and discharging devices)×(chargeable amount of electricity in the power grid) / (the sum of the charge requirement of all the charging and discharging devices in the power grid).

20. The system according to any one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that The charge and discharge limit amount control unit is configured to set the limit amount on the discharge execution amount of each of the charge and discharge devices as follows: (discharge request amount of each of the charging and discharging devices)×(dischargeable amount of electricity in the power grid) / (the sum of the discharge request amounts of all the charging and discharging devices in the power grid).

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