A full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the cutterhead is easily stuck by collapsed gravel when the TBM is excavating in a hard rock crushing area. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine includes a cutterhead and a shield. The shield includes a shield body. A main drive and a cutter protection mechanism are provided in the shield body. A plurality of cutter protection mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shield body. The cutter protection mechanism includes a swing arm hinged on the shield body. A swing arm driving mechanism for driving the swing arm to pitch and swing is connected to the swing arm. A cutter is movably mounted on the swing arm along the length direction of the swing arm. The swing arm is also provided with a cutter driving mechanism for driving the cutter to reciprocate along the length direction of the swing arm. After the swing arm driving mechanism drives the swing arm to swing toward the shield body, the cutter driving mechanism can drive the cutter to move forward from the radial outer side of the cutterhead to the surrounding rock in front of the swing arm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, and in particular to a full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] Full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are often used for tunnel excavation and development in rock formations or hard geology. TBMs include a shield and a cutterhead installed at the front end of the shield. The shield is equipped with a main drive that drives the cutterhead to rotate and drive the shield forward. With the advancement of the power system, the TBM can make the cutterhead cut and excavate the hard rock face, thereby excavating an engineering tunnel. There is a certain gap between the shield and the cutterhead, so that the outer shell of the shield can avoid the rotating cutterhead to avoid interference between the two.

[0003] However, when the TBM in the prior art encounters a surrounding rock fracture area, the broken rock is easy to fall and break compared to the hard rock geology. During the TBM excavation process, the broken rock above the cutterhead often causes the cutterhead to get stuck, or during the shield excavation process, the broken rock above the cutterhead will collapse as a whole and get stuck into the cutterhead from the side or from the gap between the shield and the cutterhead, causing the TBM to get stuck and the equipment to be unable to excavate normally. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the cutterhead is easily stuck by crushed rocks when the TBM is excavating in a hard rock crushing area.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of a full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is:

[0006] A full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine, comprising a cutterhead and a shield at the rear side of the cutterhead, the shield comprising a shield body, a main drive for driving the cutterhead to rotate is arranged in the shield body, the shield further comprises a knife inserting protection mechanism, a plurality of knife inserting protection mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shield body, the knife inserting protection mechanism comprises a swing arm hinged on the shield body, a swing arm driving mechanism for driving the swing arm to pitch and swing is connected to the swing arm, a knife insert is movably mounted on the swing arm along the length direction of the swing arm; the swing arm is also provided with a knife inserting driving mechanism for driving the knife insert to reciprocate along the length direction of the swing arm, and a knife inserting protection mechanism is arranged at the swing arm After the driving mechanism drives the swing arm to swing outward of the shield body, the knife driving mechanism can drive the knife to move forward from the radially outer side of the cutter disc to the surrounding rock in front of the swing arm; the knife protection mechanism has a horizontal protection state and a front insertion protection state. When the knife protection mechanism is in the horizontal protection state, each swing arm extends forward and backward and forms a cutter disc rear protection space at the rear side of the cutter disc. When the knife protection mechanism is in the front insertion protection state, the knife is inserted forward into the surrounding rock in front of the swing arm under the action of the knife driving mechanism, and each swing arm and the knife on the swing arm form a cutter disc protection space for protecting the cutter disc.

[0007] Beneficial effect: By setting a blade protection mechanism on the shield body behind the cutter disc, when excavating conventional hard rock geology, the blade protection mechanism is not turned on, and the swing arm is directly used as the outer shell of the shield body, playing a supporting and protective role, forming a protective space behind the cutter disc. When excavating hard rock in a broken zone, the blade protection mechanism is turned on and the blade is inserted into the broken zone. The blade protection mechanisms cooperate with each other to form a protective space for the cutter disc outside the shield body along the circumference of the cutter disc. The blade protection mechanism can move forward with the excavation of the cutter disc and cover the gap between the cutter disc and the shield body to prevent gravel from entering the inside of the cutter disc. The protective space formed by the blade protection mechanism effectively blocks the falling rocks outside the cutter disc and the collapse of gravel in the broken zone, so that the cutter disc can work and excavate normally, effectively solving the technical problem in the prior art that the cutter disc is easily stuck by collapsed gravel when the TBM is excavating in a hard rock broken area.

[0008] Preferably, the swing arm is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the inserting knife driving mechanism is arranged in the inner cavity of the swing arm. When the inserting knife protection mechanism is in the horizontal protection state, at least one end of the inserting knife is in the swing arm and cooperates with the inner cavity of the swing arm for front and rear guidance. The inserting knife driving mechanism is arranged in the swing arm so that the swing arm can protect the inserting knife driving mechanism and prevent the inserting knife driving mechanism from being exposed and affecting the driving process of the inserting knife. At least one end of the inserting knife is in the swing arm so that the inserting knife is driven by the inserting knife driving mechanism in the swing arm and slides back and forth on the swing arm. The connection is compact and the structure is ingenious.

[0009] Preferably, one end of the inserting knife is a guide mating end inserted into the swing arm when the inserting knife protection mechanism is in the horizontal protection state, and the other end is a front inserting end outside the inner cavity of the swing arm when the inserting knife protection mechanism is in the horizontal protection state. The front inserting end is provided with a cutter head outside the swing arm, and the side of the cutter head facing away from the inner cavity of the shield is flush with the side of the swing arm facing away from the inner cavity of the shield. The cutter head is at the front side, which can cut the formation for the swing arm to move forward, thereby reducing the wear of the swing arm.

[0010] Preferably, the inserting knife driving mechanism is an inserting knife driving cylinder arranged in the swing arm, and the swing arm driving mechanism is a swing arm driving cylinder arranged between the shield body and the swing arm. As a commonly used force-applying component, the oil cylinder can provide strong pushing and support to the swing arm through the pressurization of the oil pump and the oil delivery of the oil circuit, which is conducive to the smooth operation and support of the inserting knife protection mechanism on the shield body.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the swing arm drive cylinder is hinged on the side of the swing arm facing the inner cavity of the shield, and the other end is movably connected to the shield body, so that the swing arm drive cylinder can directly push the swing arm out of the shield body when it is extended. The two ends of the swing arm drive cylinder are directly connected to the swing arm and the shield body, without a force transmission component in the middle, and the supporting and extending forces can all act on the swing arm, which is conducive to supporting the swing arm and making the equipment compact and stable.

[0012] Preferably, the plunger includes a blade head and a handle, the handle is a cylindrical structure, the plunger driving mechanism is a plunger driving cylinder, and one end of the plunger driving cylinder extends into the handle. One end of the plunger driving cylinder extends into the handle, and can directly drive the handle, which is convenient for the reciprocating motion of the plunger, and the arrangement extending into the handle can also make the connection position of the handle and the cylinder in the handle, so as to protect the cylinder, prevent the connection point from breaking, and extend the service life of the plunger driving cylinder. In addition, part of the drive cylinder extends into the handle, and part of the space in the handle is used to install the drive cylinder, which can also increase the active stroke length of the plunger.

[0013] Preferably, the plunger includes a blade head and a blade handle, the blade handle is a cylindrical structure, and the plunger drive mechanism is a plunger drive cylinder located inside the swing arm, one end of the plunger drive cylinder extends into the blade handle, and the other end is hinged at the connection position between the swing arm and the shield body, and the hinge axis coincides with the swing axis of the swing arm relative to the shield body. The coincidence of the hinge axis and the swing axis can increase the swing distance and arc of the swing arm, and the length and size of the plunger can be adjusted, so that the telescopic stroke of the plunger is lengthened.

[0014] Preferably, the plunger includes a blade head and a blade handle, the blade handle is a cylindrical structure, and the plunger drive mechanism is a plunger drive cylinder located inside the swing arm, and the cylinder body of the plunger drive cylinder is connected to the plunger and extends into the blade handle. The cylinder body of the plunger drive cylinder extends into the blade handle so that the blade handle and the plunger drive cylinder fit tightly, preventing the plunger drive cylinder from colliding or interfering with the blade handle when the cylinder body and the blade handle slide in the swing arm when the plunger drive cylinder is outside the blade handle, so that the plunger drive cylinder can provide more stable driving support for the plunger.

[0015] Preferably, each blade protection mechanism is arranged in a fan-shaped ring along the outer periphery of the shield body, and when the swing arm is in the front insertion protection state, the cutter head protection space is fan-shaped. Each blade protection mechanism arranged in a fan-shaped ring can be connected at the upper end of the shield body to form a complete fan-shaped ring support to prevent the collapse of the broken zone and the falling of gravel. At the same time, the fan-shaped ring can be extended in the same direction as the shield body without affecting the excavation of the shield.

[0016] Preferably, the plunger is driven by at least two plunger drive cylinders. At least two plunger drive mechanisms drive one plunger, so that the plunger has a better stability effect, and the support for forward insertion and retraction is tight and tightly matched to prevent the plunger from shifting or breaking due to weak support force when reciprocating.

[0017] Preferably, the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine includes a controller, and the blade drive mechanism corresponding to any one of the blades is independent of the blade drive mechanism corresponding to another blade, so that the controller can control any blade to work independently. The independent control of the blades makes the reciprocating motion of the blades independent of each other, and the blades at different positions can be retracted and inserted forward in real time according to the actual construction situation, which is convenient for tightening the blades and adapting to the working conditions of the broken zone. The blade protection mechanism is flexible in application and easy to adjust.

[0018] Preferably, the blade includes a blade head and a blade handle, the blade head is a block structure with a fan-shaped cross section, and an elastic protective structure is fixed between the blade heads. The elastic protective structure is folded and pressed in the gap between the blade heads in the horizontal protection state, and the elastic protective structure is stretched out in the front insertion protection state to block the gap between the blade heads. The setting of the elastic protective structure can be unfolded outside the cutter disc when the blade is inserted into the crushing zone, blocking the gap between the blades, so that the support above the blade is connected as a whole, further improving the protection of the cutter disc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine in a normal state according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Left side view of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter protection mechanism of a medium-full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine in the forward cutting protection state;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Left side view of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine;

[0023] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the swing arm and the inserting blade in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the swing arm in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective rubber pad between the two inserts in Example 1.

[0026] Description of reference numerals:

[0027] 1. Shield; 2. Cutter disc; 3. Insert knife; 4. Cutter head; 5. Cutter handle; 6. Swing arm; 7. Insert knife drive cylinder; 8. Swing arm drive cylinder; 9. Inclined surface; 10. Protective rubber pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0029] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" that may appear are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, terms such as "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, elements defined by the sentence "including a...", etc., do not exclude processes and methods that include the elements.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" that may appear should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "provided with" that may appear should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the object "provided with" may be a part of the body, or may be arranged separately from the body and connected to the body, and the connection may be a detachable connection or an inseparable connection. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0034] Specific embodiment 1 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0035] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine includes a cutter disc 2 and a shield at the rear side of the cutter disc 2, the shield includes a shield body 1, and a main drive for driving the cutter disc 2 to rotate is provided in the shield body 1. Among them, a knife inserting protection mechanism is provided in the shield at the rear side of the cutter disc 2. When the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine is in a normal excavation state, the knife inserting protection mechanism is supported at the rear side of the cutter disc 2 parallel to the extension direction of the shield, so as to be directly supported and used as the outer shell of the shield body 1 at the rear side of the cutter disc 2. At this time, the knife inserting drive mechanism is in a horizontal protection state. When the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine is in an excavation condition in a rock-falling and crushing zone, the knife inserting protection mechanism is controlled to expand outward, so as to form a ring-shaped support on the outer side of the cutter disc 2 to prevent the cutter disc 2 from getting stuck or falling rocks from entering the shield body 1 through the gap. At this time, the knife inserting drive mechanism is in a forward insertion protection state.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the ramming knife protection mechanism includes a swing arm 6 hinged on the shield body 1. The swing arm 6 is a cylindrical structure with a fan-shaped cross section. The ramming knife 3 is inserted through the front end of the inner cylinder of the swing arm 6. The ramming knife 3 is slidably assembled in the swing arm 6. The ramming knife 3 includes a cutter head 4 and a handle 5. The handle 5 is a cylindrical structure with an opening at the rear end. A ramming knife driving cylinder 7 is assembled in the handle 5. Figure 4 As shown, the cylinder body of the plunger drive cylinder 7 is connected to the tool handle 5, and its piston rod extends to the rear end of the swing arm 6 and is connected to the hinge point of the swing arm 6 and the shield body 1, so that the hinge axis at the connection position of the swing arm 6 and the shield body 1 coincides with the swing axis of the swing arm 6 relative to the shield body 1, and the plunger drive cylinder 7 can swing up and down following the swing arm 6.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a swing arm driving cylinder 8 capable of driving the swing arm 6 to rotate outward along its hinge point and extend out of the shield body 1 is connected between the side of the swing arm 6 facing the center of the shield body 1 and the shield body 1, wherein one end of the swing arm driving cylinder 8 is hinged on the shield body 1, and the other end is hinged on the side of the swing arm 6 facing away from the outside of the shield body 1, so that the swing arm driving cylinder 8 is arranged obliquely in the shield body 1, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, when the piston rod of the swing arm driving cylinder 8 is not extended, the swing arm driving cylinder 8 can serve as a vertical support for the swing arm 6 to keep the swing arm 6 in a horizontal state parallel to the extension direction of the shield, so that the swing arm 6 is directly supported outside the shield, and the outer side of the swing arm 6 facing away from the shield body 1 is directly used as the shell support of the shield. Figure 4As shown, the piston rod of the swing arm driving cylinder 8 is extended, and at this time, the swing arm driving cylinder 8 pushes the swing arm 6 upward so that the front end of the swing arm 6 extends out of the shield, and then the inserting knife driving cylinder 7 is opened, and the inserting knife driving cylinder 7 drives the external handle 5 and the cutter head 4 at the front end of the handle 5 to extend, so that the cutter head 4 can be inserted into the crushing zone outside the cutter disc 2 to support the cutter disc 2.

[0038] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the blade head 4 of the inserting knife 3 is a block structure with a fan-shaped cross section. The inserting knife 3 is adapted to the inner cavity of the swing arm 6 so that the inserting knife 3 can reciprocate in the swing arm 6. In order to ensure the tightening effect of the blade head 4, two inserting knife driving cylinders 7 are provided in each swing arm 6. Among them, the two inserting knife driving cylinders 7 in the same swing arm 6 are simultaneously inserted forward and connected to the handle 5, and the piston rods thereof extend backward and are connected to the rear end of the swing arm 6, so that the blade head 4 can reciprocate at the same time. Two swing arm driving cylinders 8 are connected to the side of the swing arm 6 facing the center position of the shield, and the two swing arm driving cylinders 8 cooperate at the same time, so that the swing arm 6 can be lifted up and retracted. As shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, when the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine is normally excavating, each blade protection mechanism is arranged at intervals along the outer periphery of the shield body 1 behind the cutter head 2 to form a fan-shaped protection space. Figure 4 As shown, when the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine is constructed in a broken zone, the swing arm drive cylinder 8 and the cutter drive cylinder 7 are controlled to open. At this time, the cutters 3 in each cutter protection mechanism extend from the shield body 1 and insert forward into the hard rock in the broken zone, so that a fan-shaped support is formed in front of the shield body 1 to prevent the cutter head 2 from getting stuck.

[0039] In this embodiment, the knife-inserting protection mechanism is arranged at the top of the shield body 1 and extends 110° to the left and right ends along the outer circumference of the shield body 1, that is, a protection angle of 220° is symmetrically set with the vertical axis of the shield body 1 as the center to effectively protect the top and both sides of the shield. In other embodiments, the number of knife-inserting protection mechanisms, the angles at which the knife-inserting protection mechanisms are set, and the size of the enclosed protection space can be adjusted.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the front end surface of the cutter head 4 that contacts the crushing zone is an inclined surface 9, so that the front end of the cutter head 4 forms an inverted triangular blade structure, which can not only make the cutter head 4 inserted tightly into the crushing zone, but also reduce the resistance of the cutter protection mechanism when the cutter protection mechanism is extended and the tunnel boring machine is digging forward. Figure 7 As shown, a protective rubber pad 10 is provided between the adjacent lower sides of the blade heads 4 of each insert blade 3. Figure 2 In the normal working condition shown in FIG. 1 , the protective rubber pad 10 is superimposed and squeezed on the lower side of the two cutter heads 4, and Figure 4When the illustrated blade protection mechanism is in operation, each blade head 4 is pushed out, and the protective rubber pad 10 on the lower side of each blade head 4 is stretched and unfolded, thereby shielding the gaps between the blade heads 4 .

[0041] The working process of the full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine in this embodiment is as follows: during the construction of a conventional tunnel or working condition, the swing arm 6 in the blade protection mechanism remains horizontal at the rear side of the cutterhead 2, and the swing arm 6 is directly used as the outer shell of the shield body 1 at the rear side of the cutterhead 2, playing a supporting and protective role, and the swing arm 6 is in a horizontal protective state. If during the construction process, the cutterhead 2 is easy to break the rock, but the broken stone is easy to get stuck in the cutterhead 2 or the construction section collapses partially, causing the entire equipment to be difficult to excavate, at this time, the swing arm driving cylinder 8 is first controlled to push the swing arm 6 up, so that the blade 3 at the front end of the swing arm 6 is tilted toward the outside of the shield body 1, and then the blade driving cylinder 7 is controlled to extend forward, so that the blade 3 is pushed forward, and the extended blades 3 cooperate to be inserted into the hard rock broken zone, thereby forming a fan-shaped support above and outside the cutterhead 2. At this time, the swing arm 6 is in a forward insertion protection state, effectively preventing the broken stone from falling off or collapsing, and ensuring the normal rotation of the cutterhead 2.

[0042] In this embodiment, the power sources of the blade drive cylinder 7 and the swing arm drive cylinder 8 are both provided in the pump station in the shield body 1. The pump station is connected to the controller in the shield body 1. The controller is turned on to enable the pump station to supply oil to the cylinder. The blade drive cylinder 7 and the swing arm drive cylinder 8 are connected to the pump station through oil pipes. Among them, the two blade drive cylinders 7 on each blade 3 are started and closed together. Similarly, the two swing arm drive cylinders 8 on the same swing arm 6 are also started and closed together. The cylinder corresponding to any blade 3 in each blade 3 is independent of the cylinder corresponding to another blade 3, so that each blade 3 works independently, and then the operator can adjust the extension and retraction of the blades 3 at different positions according to the actual working conditions, which is convenient for construction. For example, when the collapse and rockfall of the construction rock layer only occur above the shield, only the blade protection mechanism located above the shield body 1 can be opened, which is flexible to adjust and easy to operate. In other embodiments, the power source of each oil cylinder may be an independent pump station connected to the oil cylinder itself, and the independent pump station is placed outside the shield body.

[0043] In this embodiment, the swing arm driving cylinder 8 constitutes a swing arm driving mechanism capable of pushing the swing arm 6 upward out of the shield body 1, the inserting knife driving cylinder 7 constitutes a inserting knife driving mechanism capable of pushing the inserting knife 3 out of the swing arm 6, and the protective rubber pad 10 constitutes an elastic protective structure.

[0044] Specific embodiment 2 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0045] The difference from Example 1 is that in Example 1, one end of the insert knife 3 is in the swing arm 6 and cooperates with the inner cavity of the swing arm 6 in a forward and backward guide manner. In this embodiment, both ends of the insert knife are in the swing arm, that is, when the insert knife protection mechanism is in the horizontal protection state, the insert knife is completely immersed in the inner cavity of the swing arm.

[0046] Specific embodiment 3 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0047] The difference from Example 1 is that in Example 1, one end of the swing arm driving cylinder 8 is hinged on the side of the swing arm 6 facing the inside of the shield body 1, and the other end is hinged on the shield body 1. The swing arm driving cylinder 8 is arranged obliquely in the shield body 1 so that when the swing arm driving cylinder 8 is extended, the swing arm 6 can be directly pushed out of the shield body 1. In this embodiment, in order to ensure the supporting effect of the swing arm driving cylinder on the swing arm under normal working conditions and further protect the swing arm driving cylinder, a lever mechanism is added between the swing arm driving cylinder and the swing arm, and the swing arm is lifted up by the transmission of force on the lever mechanism. The lever mechanism can greatly reduce the pressure on the swing arm, thereby protecting the swing arm driving cylinder, and at the same time can reduce the top thrust of the cylinder and increase the service life. The lever mechanism can be a small crank mechanism or a planar connecting rod mechanism.

[0048] Specific embodiment 4 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0049] The difference from Example 1 is that in Example 1, the swing arm 6 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the inserting knife drive mechanism and the inserting knife 3 are both arranged in the cylinder of the swing arm 6, and the inserting knife drive mechanism and the inserting knife 3 are installed and protected by the swing arm 6. In this embodiment, the swing arm is a solid rod structure, and the swing arm and the inserting knife drive mechanism are connected end to end and are in the same straight line. At this time, one end of the swing arm drive mechanism is connected to the side of the inserting knife drive mechanism facing the center of the shield, and the swing arm constitutes a compensation device for lengthening and reinforcing the inserting knife drive mechanism. At this time, the inserting knife drive mechanism is a inserting knife drive cylinder, and the cylinder body of the inserting knife drive cylinder is hinged to the piston rod of the swing arm drive cylinder. Of course, in other embodiments, the inserting knife drive mechanism can also be used directly as a swing arm, and no swing arm of other structural shapes is added outside the inserting knife drive mechanism.

[0050] Specific embodiment 5 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0051] The difference from Example 1 is that in Example 1, the swing arm 6 is driven by two inserting cutter drive cylinders. In this embodiment, the number of inserting cutter protection mechanisms connected to the swing arm can be increased to more than two according to the actual front inserting support of the inserting cutter. The specific number of additional mechanisms is determined according to the stability of the swing arm during actual excavation. At this time, the size of the swing arm is set according to the number of inserting cutter protection mechanisms, and each inserting cutter drive mechanism in the same swing arm operates simultaneously.

[0052] Specific embodiment 6 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0053] The difference from the embodiment 1 is that in the embodiment 1, the blade drive mechanism corresponding to any one of the blades 3 is independent of the blade drive mechanism corresponding to another blade 3. In the present embodiment, for the convenience of control, the blade drive mechanisms corresponding to two or three adjacent swing arms can be grouped together for simultaneous control, or for the convenience of operation, the control of all the blades can be grouped together, and when the controller sends an extension command, all the blades are extended out of the shield together, which is convenient for connection control.

[0054] Specific embodiment 7 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0055] The difference from Example 1 is that in Example 1, protective rubber pads 10 are fixed between the cutter heads 4, and the protective rubber pads 10 are folded and compressed on the lower side of different cutter heads 4 in the horizontal protection state and stretched out in the front protection state, so that the outer side of the cutter disc 2 forms a connected support, and the protective rubber pads 10 constitute an elastic protective structure. In this embodiment, the material of the elastic protective structure is changed to silicone or resin, and the elastic protective structure is an elastic silicone plate or an elastic resin plate.

[0056] Specific embodiment 8 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0057] The difference from Example 1 is that in Example 1, the swing arm driving cylinder 8 constitutes a swing arm driving mechanism capable of pushing the swing arm 6 upward out of the shield body 1, and the inserting knife driving cylinder 7 constitutes an inserting knife driving mechanism capable of pushing the inserting knife 3 out of the swing arm 6. In this embodiment, the inserting knife driving cylinder and the swing arm driving cylinder are both air cylinders, and a pneumatic pump connected to the air cylinder is provided in the shield body, and the pneumatic pump is connected to the controller. In other embodiments, the inserting knife driving cylinder and the swing arm driving cylinder are replaced by electric push rods, and the electric push rods are connected to the controller.

[0058] Specific embodiment 9 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0059] The difference from Example 1 is that in Example 1, one end of the inserting knife drive cylinder extends into the knife handle 5, and the other end is hinged at the connection position of the swing arm 6 and the shield body 1, and the hinge axis coincides with the swing axis of the swing arm 6 relative to the shield body 1. In this embodiment, the hinge axis of the swing arm and the shield body does not coincide with the swing axis of the swing arm relative to the shield body. For example, a support is provided at the connection position of the inserting knife drive cylinder and the shield body, and the inserting knife drive cylinder and the shield body are hinged through the support, so that the inserting knife drive cylinder moves forward and increases the front insertion distance of the inserting knife.

[0060] Specific embodiment 10 of the full-section hard rock tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention:

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that in Example 1, the cylinder body of the plunger drive cylinder is connected to the plunger 3 and extends into the handle 5. In this embodiment, the plunger drive cylinder is hinged at the rear end of the swing arm, and the piston rod of the plunger drive cylinder extends forward into the handle.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments without creative work, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine, comprising a cutterhead and a shield at the rear of the cutterhead, the shield comprising a shield body, a main drive for driving the cutterhead to rotate is arranged in the shield body, characterized in that: The shield further comprises a knife-inserting protection mechanism, a plurality of knife-inserting protection mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shield body, the knife-inserting protection mechanism comprises a swing arm hinged on the shield body, a swing arm driving mechanism for driving the swing arm to pitch and swing is connected to the swing arm, a knife is movably mounted on the swing arm along the length direction of the swing arm; a knife-inserting driving mechanism for driving the knife to reciprocate along the length direction of the swing arm is arranged on the swing arm, and after the swing arm driving mechanism drives the swing arm to swing out of the shield body, the knife-inserting driving mechanism can drive the knife to move forward from the radial outer side of the cutter disc to the surrounding rock in front of the swing arm The blade protection mechanism has a horizontal protection state under normal excavation conditions and a front insertion protection state under excavation conditions in a rockfall and crushing zone. When the blade protection mechanism is in the horizontal protection state, each swing arm extends forward and backward and encloses a cutter disc rear protection space at the rear side of the cutter disc. When the blade protection mechanism is in the front insertion protection state, the blade is inserted forward into the surrounding rock on the front side of the swing arm under the action of the blade driving mechanism. Each swing arm and the blades on the swing arm enclose a cutter disc protection space for protecting the cutter disc, thereby forming an annular support on the circumferential outer side of the cutter disc to prevent the cutter disc from getting stuck.

2. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing arm is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the inserting knife driving mechanism is arranged in the inner cavity of the swing arm. When the inserting knife protection mechanism is in a horizontal protection state, at least one end of the inserting knife is in the swing arm and cooperates with the inner cavity of the swing arm for front and rear guidance.

3. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the inserting knife is a guide matching end inserted into the swing arm when the inserting knife protection mechanism is in the horizontal protection state, and the other end is a front insertion end outside the inner cavity of the swing arm when the inserting knife protection mechanism is in the horizontal protection state.

4. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The inserting knife driving mechanism is a inserting knife driving cylinder arranged in the swing arm, and the swing arm driving mechanism is a swing arm driving cylinder arranged between the shield body and the swing arm.

5. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the swing arm driving cylinder is hinged to the side of the swing arm facing the inner cavity of the shield, and the other end is movably connected in the shield body, so that the swing arm can be directly pushed out of the shield body when the swing arm driving cylinder is extended.

6. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The plunger comprises a blade head and a blade handle, the blade handle is a cylindrical structure, and the plunger driving mechanism is a plunger driving cylinder, one end of the plunger driving cylinder extends into the blade handle.

7. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The inserting knife includes a knife head and a knife handle, the knife handle is a cylindrical structure, and the inserting knife driving mechanism is an inserting knife driving cylinder located inside the swing arm, one end of the inserting knife driving cylinder extends into the knife handle, and the other end is hinged at the connection position between the swing arm and the shield body, and the hinge axis coincides with the swing axis of the swing arm relative to the shield body.

8. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The plunger comprises a blade head and a blade handle, the blade handle is a cylindrical structure, and the plunger driving mechanism is a plunger driving cylinder located inside the swing arm, the cylinder body of the plunger driving cylinder is connected to the plunger and extends into the blade handle.

9. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The blade protection mechanisms are arranged in a fan-shaped ring along the outer periphery of the shield body. When the swing arm is in the front protection state, the blade protection space is fan-shaped.

10. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plunger is driven by at least two plunger drive cylinders.

11. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine comprises a controller, wherein a cutter driving mechanism corresponding to any one of the cutters is independent of a cutter driving mechanism corresponding to another cutter, so that the controller can control any cutter to work independently.

12. The full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The insert knife includes a knife head and a knife handle. The knife head is a block structure with a fan-shaped cross section. An elastic protective structure is fixed between the knife heads. The elastic protective structure is folded and pressed in the gap between the knife heads in a horizontal protective state. The elastic protective structure is stretched out in a front insertion protective state to block the gap between the knife heads.

Images