Ventilation System of Fuel Cell Box, Fuel Cell System and Vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of ventilation design of fuel cells, and particularly to a ventilation system for a fuel cell box, a fuel cell system and a vehicle. The ventilation system includes a waterproof and breathable device, an air flow driving device and a heating device; the air flow driving device is respectively connected to the waterproof and breathable device and the heating device, and the heating device is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell box. In this application, the waterproof and breathable unit cooperates with the air flow circulation area and the air flow sealing area to form the effect of parallel connection of each waterproof and breathable unit, so as to solve problems such as the "condensation effect" and dilution of trace leakage reaction gases, etc.; it has dust-proof and waterproof functions and good air permeability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ventilation design of fuel cells, and in particular to a ventilation system of a fuel cell box, a fuel cell system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The fuel cell stack is composed of several monolithic units stacked together, and its normal operation requires dry, clean, and insulated environmental conditions. In order to ensure the working environment of the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack is placed in a closed box (referred to as the fuel cell box) in the design, and the waterproof, dustproof, and insulating requirements of the box are guaranteed through design. During the operation of the fuel cell system, a small amount of reaction gas will inevitably leak from the sealing interface of the stacking unit of the fuel cell stack. If the leaked reaction gas cannot be discharged from the fuel cell box in time, it will accumulate in the fuel cell box. When it accumulates to a certain concentration, there will be a risk of explosion. The fuel cell box requires a reliable ventilation system design to dilute and discharge the leaked reaction gas from the fuel cell box in time.

[0003] Existing fuel cell box ventilation technologies mainly include two categories:

[0004] 1. Use an electric fan or blower as a power source to drive ambient air to flow through the fuel cell box, dilute the reaction gas in the box, and discharge it out of the box through the ventilation outlet. The difficulty of this method lies in the waterproof design of the ventilation inlet and outlet structure, and it is difficult to meet the waterproof requirements of IP67 and above. The common method of waterproofing vents in engineering is to use a waterproof breathable valve with a waterproof breathable membrane. The requirements for ventilation capacity and waterproof capacity of the waterproof breathable membrane conflict with each other and are difficult to meet at the same time. Generally, the higher the waterproof grade of the waterproof breathable membrane, the smaller the corresponding breathable micropores, the greater the resistance to the passage of gas molecules or vapor through the breathable micropores, and the worse the air permeability of the corresponding waterproof breathable membrane.

[0005] Second, with the help of the fuel cell air supply system. A branch line is drawn from the fuel cell air supply system to ventilate the fuel cell box. In this method, the box ventilation is limited by the working conditions of the fuel cell air supply system, especially during the transient opening or closing of the fuel cell air supply system, the box ventilation airflow state is difficult to control, and there may even be a situation of instantaneous airflow reversal.

[0006] In addition, during the operation of the fuel cell system, the electrochemical reaction releases heat, causing a large transient change in the temperature inside the box. Moreover, the change in the temperature difference between day and night in the outdoor environment will cause a large fluctuation in the temperature inside the box. Affected by the temperature change, a "breathing effect" and a "condensation effect" will occur inside the box. Especially in rainy and snowy weather, the humidity in the ambient air is high, and the "condensation effect" is more obvious. In severe cases, water will accumulate in the fuel cell box, causing the system insulation to fail and the system to fail to operate normally.

[0007] In summary, designing a ventilation solution for a fuel cell box that can overcome the "condensation effect" of the fuel cell box, the waterproof problem in active ventilation, and the transient air flow reverse problem in passive ventilation has become a technical difficulty that urgently needs to be solved in this industry. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the technical defects and drawbacks existing in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a ventilation system for a fuel cell box, a fuel cell system, and a vehicle that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0009] As an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a ventilation system for a fuel cell box is provided. The ventilation system includes a waterproof and breathable device, an air flow driving device, and a heating device. The air flow driving device is respectively connected to the waterproof and breathable device and the heating device, and the heating device is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell box.

[0010] Further, the waterproof and breathable device includes a housing, a plurality of waterproof and breathable units, and a protective baffle.

[0011] A first ventilation port is provided at the top of the housing, the bottom of the housing is connected to the protective baffle, and a second ventilation port is provided on the protective baffle. An installation sealing plate is provided inside the housing, and a bottom ventilation groove and a top ventilation groove are provided on the installation sealing plate. The waterproof and breathable unit is arranged between the bottom ventilation groove and the top ventilation groove, and the top ventilation groove is communicated with the first ventilation port. The bottom ventilation groove is communicated with the second ventilation port.

[0012] Further, the waterproof and breathable unit includes a waterproof and breathable membrane, a support frame, and a sealing frame. The waterproof and breathable membrane is arranged on the support frame, and the sealing frame is sleeved outside the support frame; and / or

[0013] A top air flow cavity and a bottom air flow cavity are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the installation sealing plate in the housing. The top air flow cavity is communicated with the top ventilation groove, and the bottom air flow cavity is communicated with the bottom ventilation groove. The top air flow cavity, the waterproof and breathable unit, and the bottom air flow cavity form a waterproof and breathable channel; and / or

[0014] The installation sealing plate is provided with a plurality of slots, and the waterproof and breathable unit is arranged in the slots; and / or

[0015] A dust filter element is provided between the bottom of the installation sealing plate and the protective baffle.

[0016] Further, the horizontal section of the housing of the waterproof and breathable device is rectangular, and the waterproof and breathable units are arranged in parallel; or

[0017] The horizontal cross-section of the housing is circular, and the waterproof and breathable unit is arranged in a star-shaped radiation structure.

[0018] Further, the air flow driving device is fixed above the first ventilation port at the top of the housing of the waterproof and breathable device through a first connecting device, and the heating device is connected to the air outlet of the air flow driving device through a second connecting device.

[0019] Further, the heating device is a fin-type electric heater; and / or

[0020] The air flow driving device is a high-pressure blower or a high-pressure fan.

[0021] As another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a fuel cell system is provided, and the air inlet of the fuel cell box in the fuel cell system is connected to the ventilation system of the fuel cell box described in any one of the above.

[0022] Further, the fuel cell system includes a control system and a hydrogen concentration sensor, a humidity sensor, and a temperature sensor arranged in the fuel cell box. The control system acquires the collected data of the hydrogen concentration sensor, the humidity sensor, and the temperature sensor in real time, and controls the air flow driving device and the heating device according to the collected data.

[0023] Further, the air outlet of the fuel cell box is connected to the protection and ventilation device.

[0024] As yet another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, and the vehicle includes the fuel cell system described in any one of the above.

[0025] The embodiment of the present invention at least achieves the following technical effects:

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention designs a fuel cell box ventilation system solution and implementation method for the ventilation requirements and characteristics of the fuel cell system. In this embodiment, the waterproof and breathable unit cooperates with the air flow circulation area and the air flow sealing area to form the effect of parallel connection of each waterproof and breathable unit; solves problems such as "condensation effect" and dilution of trace leakage reaction gases; has dust-proof and waterproof functions and good air permeability. Moreover, the device modules of the fuel cell box ventilation system proposed in this embodiment adopt an integrated design, with a compact structure and small occupied space.

[0027] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent specification, and, in part, will be obvious from the specification, or will be understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures described in the written specification, claims, and drawings.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0029] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 It is an external schematic diagram of the ventilation system of the fuel cell box in the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the ventilation system of the fuel cell box in the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a side cross-sectional view of the ventilation system of the fuel cell box in the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is an external schematic diagram of a waterproof and breathable device in the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a sectional view of a waterproof and breathable device in the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a bottom view of a waterproof and breathable device in the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a front view and a side view of the waterproof and breathable unit of a waterproof and breathable device in the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 It is an external schematic diagram of the ventilation system of the fuel cell box in the second specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the ventilation system of the fuel cell box in the second specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 It is an external schematic diagram of a waterproof and breathable device in the second specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 It is a connection schematic diagram of a fuel cell system in the third specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Label description: 1. Waterproof and breathable device; 10. Housing; 11. First ventilation port; 12. Waterproof and breathable unit; 13. Installation sealing plate; 14. Protection baffle; 15. Dust filter element; 121. Waterproof and breathable membrane; 122. Support frame; 123. Sealing frame; 124. Concave platform; 131. Bottom ventilation groove; 132. Top ventilation groove; 141. Second ventilation port; 2. Airflow driving device; 3. Heating device; 4. First connection device; 5. Second connection device; 6. Fuel cell stack; 7. Fuel cell box; 8. Hydrogen concentration sensor; 9. Control system; 16. Humidity sensor; 17. Temperature sensor. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] To describe in detail the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention, the following is described in conjunction with the implementation manners and accompanied by the drawings.

[0043] The accompanying drawings and the following description depict alternative embodiments of the present invention to teach those skilled in the art how to implement and reproduce the present invention. To teach the technical solution of the present invention, some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted. Those skilled in the art should understand that variations or substitutions derived from these embodiments will fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the following features can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is defined only by the claims and their equivalents.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] Combined with Figures 1-7 , this embodiment provides a ventilation system for a fuel cell box, and the ventilation system includes a waterproof and breathable device 1, an airflow driving device 2 and a heating device 3; the airflow driving device 2 is respectively connected to the waterproof and breathable device 1 and the heating device 3, and the heating device 3 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell box 7.

[0046] In this embodiment, the air flow driving device 2 is used to drive the circulation of the ventilation air flow. A high-pressure blower or a high-pressure fan can be adopted, and preferably a micro electric control high-pressure blower is adopted. For example, the blower adopts a DC brushless high-pressure blower with a fan blade diameter of about 50 mm and is powered by 24V; and the waterproof performance can be improved through plastic encapsulation and the speed can be adjusted by PWM. Among them, plastic encapsulation refers to waterproof treatment of the peripheral structure of the high-pressure blower (such as electrical connectors, bearing ends, etc.), and the purpose is to make the blower itself meet the waterproof requirements. The internal air flow channel of the high-pressure blower does not require plastic encapsulation for waterproofing. The heating device is used to heat the ventilation air flow when the humidity in the box body is high. After the air flow passes through the dust removal and waterproof treatment and then flows through the heating device, the gas temperature increases and the water-carrying capacity of the air flow is improved, which is used to reduce the influence of the "condensation effect"; preferably, an aluminum fin electric heater can be adopted; for example, it is powered by 24V, the heating power is about 50W, and the core size is about 25mm x 25mm x 45mm.

[0047] In this embodiment, according to the demand of the fuel cell system for the micro-leakage reaction gas, the rotation speed of the air flow driving unit is controlled to control the ventilation air flow rate; according to the humidity of the fuel cell box body, the opening and power of the heating unit in the ventilation air flow rate ventilation module are controlled. While avoiding the "condensation effect" of the fuel cell box body, the air flow in the ventilation system can also be used to dilute the micro-leakage reaction gas.

[0048] Preferably, the air flow driving device 2 is fixed above the first ventilation port 11 at the top of the waterproof and breathable device housing through the first connecting device 4, and the heating device 3 is connected to the air outlet of the air flow driving device 2 through the second connecting device 5.

[0049] Preferably, in combination Figures 4-7 , the waterproof and breathable device 1 includes a housing 10, a plurality of waterproof and breathable units 12 and a protective baffle 14; a first ventilation port 11 is provided at the top of the housing 10, the bottom of the housing 10 is connected to the protective baffle 14, and a second ventilation port 141 is provided on the protective baffle 14; an installation sealing plate 13 is provided inside the housing 10, and the installation sealing plate 13 is provided with a bottom ventilation groove 131 and a top ventilation groove 132. The waterproof and breathable units 12 are arranged between the bottom ventilation groove 131 and the top ventilation groove 132, and the top ventilation groove 132 is communicated with the first ventilation port 11; the bottom ventilation groove 131 is communicated with the second ventilation port 141. In this embodiment, a plurality can include 1, 2, 3, etc., preferably more than 2 groups, and specifically determined according to the actual situation.

[0050] In this embodiment, the waterproof and breathable device 1 can be integrated by multiple groups of waterproof and breathable units. Through the mutual cooperation of the waterproof and breathable units 12 with the air flow circulation area and the air flow sealing area, the effect of parallel connection of each waterproof and breathable unit 12 is formed. In addition to the functions of dust prevention and waterproofing, this module significantly improves the air permeability.

[0051] Preferably, the waterproof and breathable unit 12 includes a waterproof and breathable membrane 121, a support frame 122 and a sealing frame 123. The waterproof and breathable membrane 121 is disposed on the support frame 122, and the sealing frame 123 is sleeved outside the support frame 122. The sealing frame 123 can be made of a rubber-like elastic material, and the support frame 122 can be made of a high-strength plastic material. Among them, the support frame 122 can be set to be annular, and a concave platform 124 can be formed at the inner edge of the support frame 122. The waterproof and breathable membrane 121 is adhered to the concave platform 124 through a sealing adhesive.

[0052] In this embodiment, the installation cover plate 13 and the housing 10 can be hermetically connected or integrally formed. Both the installation cover plate 13 and the housing 10 can be made of plastic materials, or can be made by casting or 3D printing.

[0053] Preferably, a top air flow cavity and a bottom air flow cavity are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the installation cover plate 13 in the housing 10. The top air flow cavity is communicated with the top ventilation groove 132, and the bottom air flow cavity is communicated with the bottom ventilation groove 131. The top air flow cavity, the waterproof and breathable unit 12 and the bottom air flow cavity form a waterproof and breathable channel. Among them, air flows into the housing 10 through the bottom air flow cavity, and then respectively flows through multiple groups of waterproof and breathable units 12 to the top air flow cavity. The flowing direction of the air forms a waterproof and breathable channel. Since there are multiple waterproof and breathable units 12 connected in parallel in the housing 10, the flow rate is very fast. In this embodiment, the installation cover plate 13 and the inner wall of the housing 10 are hermetically connected, and air can only flow in through the bottom ventilation groove 131 in the installation cover plate 13, flow out through the waterproof and breathable unit 12 from the top ventilation groove 132, and then flow into the top air flow cavity connected to the first ventilation hole.

[0054] In this embodiment, the waterproof and breathable unit 12 and the installation cover plate 13 can also adopt a slot design. The installation cover plate 13 is provided with a plurality of slots, and the waterproof and breathable unit 12 is disposed in the slots, which is convenient for disassembly. The number of the waterproof and breathable units 12 can be adjusted according to the ventilation volume requirement, and the layout is flexible. For example, nine or fourteen slots are provided on the installation cover plate of the housing 10, and then nine or fourteen waterproof and breathable units are installed through the slots.

[0055] In this embodiment, a dust filter element 15 can also be provided between the bottom of the installation cover plate 13 and the protection baffle 14.

[0056] The shape of the housing 10 of the waterproof and breathable device 1 can be set to any shape. The horizontal section of the housing 10 provided in this embodiment is rectangular, and the waterproof and breathable units 12 are arranged in parallel. Of course, the waterproof and breathable units can also be set at a certain angle. Each single waterproof and breathable unit can be arranged in parallel or have a certain inclination.

[0057] The fuel cell system proposed in the embodiment of the present invention can not only meet the requirements of dust and water resistance, but also meet the flow requirements of the fuel cell system for diluting trace leaked reaction gas, ensuring that the pressure fluctuation amplitude of the fuel cell box is small.

[0058] The ventilation system in this embodiment overcomes the conflict between the ventilation capacity and the waterproof capacity requirements in the fuel cell ventilation system in the prior art, and can have the advantage of smaller ventilation resistance while meeting the waterproof and dustproof requirements. It is particularly suitable for situations with higher ventilation flow requirements such as ventilation airflow cooling, reaction gas leakage dilution, etc.

[0059] Embodiment 2

[0060] This embodiment and the first embodiment are inventions with the same concept, and the same parts are not repeated here. Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 This embodiment provides a ventilation system for a fuel cell box. In this embodiment, the horizontal section of the housing 10 of the fuel cell box ventilation system is circular, and the waterproof and breathable unit 12 is arranged in a radial structure. In this embodiment, multiple slots can also be arranged in the installation cover plate, for example, the installation cover plate is integrally formed, wherein 4 or 5 slots are arranged, and the waterproof and breathable unit is arranged in the slot, and the bottom ventilation groove 131 of the installation cover plate 13 is separated from the top ventilation groove 132 by the waterproof and breathable unit.

[0061] The upper edge and the lower edge of the waterproof breathable unit 12 are sealed and connected respectively by the installation sealing plate 13; the bottom ventilation groove 131 and the top ventilation groove 132 can be set to have mutually offset openings, and their shapes are not groove-shaped. The shape of the opening can be determined according to the arrangement of the slots in the installation sealing plate inside the shell 10. For example, in this embodiment, the openings of the bottom ventilation groove 131 and the top ventilation groove 132 can be set to be fan-shaped, and a slot for installing the waterproof breathable unit is set between the openings of the bottom ventilation groove 131 and the openings of the top ventilation groove 132. Since the horizontal section of the shell 10 is circular, the waterproof breathable unit 12 is arranged in a radial shape.

[0062] The ventilation system of this embodiment can be applied to the fuel cell box, and can also be applied to the ventilation of other equipment.

[0063] Embodiment 3

[0064] This embodiment provides a fuel cell system, which has a similar technical concept to the above embodiment, and the same parts are not repeated here. Figure 11, in the fuel cell system, the fuel cell stack 6 is arranged in the fuel cell box body 7, and the air inlet of the fuel cell box body 7 is connected to the ventilation system of the fuel cell box body described in any one of the above. Among them, the fuel cell system in this embodiment may refer to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system.

[0065] Preferably, the fuel cell system of this embodiment further includes a control system 9, and a hydrogen concentration sensor 8, a humidity sensor 16, and a temperature sensor 17 arranged in the fuel cell box body 7. The control system 9 obtains the collected data of the hydrogen concentration sensor 8, the humidity sensor 16, and the temperature sensor 17 in real time, and controls the air flow driving device 2 and the heating device 3 according to the collected data. In this embodiment, the hydrogen concentration sensor 8, the humidity sensor 16, and the temperature sensor 17 can be integrated in the fuel cell box body 7. The signals collected by the sensors are input into the control system 9 of the fuel cell system. The control system 9 issues instructions to control the target rotation speed in the ventilation driving device and the current switch of the heating device. And through the structural arrangement and flow channel design, the orderly integration between each unit is realized.

[0066] Preferably in this embodiment, the upstream inlet of the ventilation system is connected to the atmospheric environment. The upstream inlet is the second ventilation port 141 arranged on the protective baffle 14. The air inlet of the fuel cell box body 7 is connected to the air outlet of the heating device 3 of the ventilation system. The air outlet of the fuel cell box body 7 is connected to the protective breathable device, further strengthening the dust-proof and waterproof characteristics in the box body and avoiding the "condensation effect" of the fuel cell box body.

[0067] In this embodiment, a waterproof and breathable device 1 is arranged at the outlet of the fuel cell box body, and the same main structure as the waterproof and breathable device 1 in the inlet ventilation system can be adopted. To adapt to the shape of the outlet pipeline of the stack, the interface pipeline can be appropriately adjusted. The downstream outlet of the ventilation system is connected to the atmospheric environment.

[0068] The inlet ventilation system of the fuel cell box body and the waterproof and breathable device 1 at the outlet of the fuel cell box body cooperate with each other. Combining the high breathability of the inlet waterproof and breathable device and the outlet waterproof and breathable device, the pressure fluctuation range of the fuel cell box body is small, reducing the pressure resistance requirement of the fuel cell box body.

[0069] The inlet ventilation system of the fuel cell box body and the waterproof and breathable device at the outlet of the fuel cell box body also have the function of a burst valve. When the pressure in the fuel cell box body is higher than the burst pressure of the waterproof and breathable membrane 121, the water-releasing and breathable membrane ruptures and the pressure in the box body decreases.

[0070] Embodiment 4

[0071] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment provides a vehicle, which includes the fuel cell system described in any one of the above. Due to the good performance and long service life of the fuel cell system, the vehicle in this embodiment has a low failure rate and low maintenance cost, and has a good user experience.

[0072] The ordinal terms such as "first", "second", etc. used in the description and claims are used to modify the corresponding elements. They do not mean that the elements have any ordinal number in themselves, nor do they represent the order of one element and another element. The use of these ordinal terms is only to clearly distinguish an element with a certain name from another element with the same name.

[0073] Similarly, it should be understood that, in order to streamline the present invention and help understand one or more of the various aspects of the invention, in the above description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the various features of the present invention are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, the method of the present invention should not be construed as reflecting the intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Therefore, the claims following the detailed description hereby expressly incorporate the detailed description, where each claim itself serves as a separate embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope protected by the claims. All of these are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation system for a fuel cell box, characterized in that, The ventilation system includes a waterproof and breathable device, an air flow driving device, and a heating device; the air flow driving device is respectively connected to the waterproof and breathable device and the heating device, and the heating device is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell box; The waterproof and breathable device includes a housing, a plurality of waterproof and breathable units, and a protective baffle; A first ventilation port is provided at the top of the housing, the bottom of the housing is connected to the protective baffle, and the protective baffle is provided with a second ventilation port; an installation sealing plate is arranged inside the housing, the installation sealing plate is provided with a bottom ventilation groove and a top ventilation groove, the waterproof and breathable unit is arranged between the bottom ventilation groove and the top ventilation groove, and the top ventilation groove is communicated with the first ventilation port; the bottom ventilation groove is communicated with the second ventilation port; The waterproof and breathable unit includes a waterproof and breathable membrane, a support frame, and a sealing frame, the waterproof and breathable membrane is arranged on the support frame, and the sealing frame is sleeved outside the support frame; and / or At the top and bottom of the installation sealing plate in the housing, a top air flow cavity and a bottom air flow cavity are respectively arranged, the top air flow cavity is communicated with the top ventilation groove, the bottom air flow cavity is communicated with the bottom ventilation groove, and the top air flow cavity, the waterproof and breathable unit, and the bottom air flow cavity form a waterproof and breathable channel; and / or The installation sealing plate is provided with a plurality of slots, and the waterproof and breathable unit is arranged in the slots; and / or A dust filter element is arranged between the bottom of the installation sealing plate and the protective baffle; The horizontal section of the housing of the waterproof and breathable device is rectangular, and the waterproof and breathable units are arranged in parallel; or The horizontal section of the housing is circular, and the waterproof and breathable units are arranged in a star-shaped radiation structure.

2. The ventilation system of the fuel cell box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air flow driving device is fixed above the first ventilation port at the top of the housing of the waterproof and breathable device through a first connecting device, and the heating device is connected to the air outlet of the air flow driving device through a second connecting device.

3. The ventilation system of the fuel cell box as described in claim 1, characterized in that The heating device is a fin-type electric heater; and / or The air flow driving device is a high-pressure blower or a high-pressure fan.

4. A fuel cell system, characterized in that, The air inlet of the fuel cell box in the fuel cell system is connected to the ventilation system of the fuel cell box according to any one of claims 1-3.

5. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein The fuel cell system includes a control system and a hydrogen concentration sensor, a humidity sensor, and a temperature sensor arranged in the fuel cell box. The control system obtains the collected data of the hydrogen concentration sensor, the humidity sensor, and the temperature sensor in real time, and controls the air flow driving device and the heating device according to the collected data.

6. The fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein The air outlet of the fuel cell box is connected to the protective and breathable device.

7. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 4-6.

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