Parking lot management system and analysis unit for parking lot management system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a parking lot management system, which comprises: a temperature sensor that can be installed on the ground of a parking space, and an analysis unit connected to the temperature sensor, characterized in that the analysis unit analyzes at least one temperature change curve in the area of ​​the temperature sensor with the help of the temperature sensor and outputs a signal according to the temperature change curve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a parking lot management system and an analysis unit used in the parking lot management system. Background Art

[0002] Fire extinguishing systems for parking lot management systems are well known and are often required by law. In particular, parking buildings or underground garages are subject to a significant fire risk due to their structurally determined density and the proximity of vehicles to one another and the high fire load associated therewith. In the event of a fire in a parking lot, it has always been assumed that fossil fuels from the vehicle drive are burning there. This is "advantageous" because the fire brigade always knows which material is on fire and can coordinate firefighting efforts accordingly.

[0003] Due to the diversification of different drive types caused by the energy transition, in the case of a fire in a parking building or underground garage, it is no longer clear what the cause of the fire is and what kind of fire load is present before extinguishing the fire. The so-called new energy carriers (NEC) are vehicles with a drive device that replaces the internal combustion engine. This starts from gas vehicles, through hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, to pure electric vehicles and vehicles that run through fuel cells (if necessary, using hydrogen). It is in battery-based vehicles with hybrid drives (hybrid electric vehicles, HEV), plug-in hybrid drives (plug in electric vehicles, PEV) and pure battery drives (battery electric vehicles, BEV) that batteries for energy storage are always provided. The batteries known so far for automobile manufacturing are lithium-ion batteries, which pose a huge fire risk and are difficult and can only be extinguished with appropriate measures in the case of a fire. Firefighting of these new vehicles faces hitherto unknown problems. In motor vehicles driven by gas or hydrogen, the heat generated by the fire load can accumulate under the ceiling of the parking building or flow out in other directions. Such fires are therefore also difficult to control. There is a risk of explosion when approaching. In any case, it is necessary to provide an attack strategy for the fire brigade and possibly fixed fire fighting equipment (BBA) which is completely different from the situation with "conventional" drives.

[0004] As a safety measure, monitoring the temperature of an electric vehicle to avoid dangerous overheating is known at least from JP2016103926A. Here, the charging power is selected using a temperature sensor of a ground-side contactless charging station so that overheating does not occur. However, the problem of fires due to overheating is not considered.

[0005] EP2500888A1 proposes monitoring parking areas, in particular by means of a thermal imaging camera. The camera enables overheating of electric vehicles to be detected during charging. However, it does not mention any teaching on improving operation or preparing for fire situations.

[0006] DE102018201517A1 proposes a temperature monitoring device inside a vehicle. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is therefore to optimize fire protection in a parking lot management system.

[0008] This object is achieved by a parking lot management system and an analysis unit according to the present invention.

[0009] According to the invention, it is recognized that the temperature behavior of a vehicle is different depending on the drive type. The temperature behavior depends strongly on the drive type both when the vehicle is driven in and parked, i.e. during the cooling process after driving, and when a fire occurs, i.e. during the initial heating process until the fire occurs.

[0010] The drive type in the broadest sense can relate not only to the powertrain but also to the storage technology used to store the drive energy. The powertrain can be based on an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. The storage technology can involve a liquid fuel tank, a gas tank or a battery. The battery can include different technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, high lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion polymer batteries, etc. For simplicity, only the drive type is referred to below.

[0011] Furthermore, the location of so-called hot spots, i.e. areas of the vehicle that heat up particularly, also varies greatly in the underbody area of ​​vehicles with different drive types. The invention makes use of this fact by providing a temperature sensor that can be mounted on the floor of the parking space. The temperature on the underbody of the vehicle can be detected during the parking time by means of a temperature sensor that can preferably detect the temperature curve not only in a point-like manner but also in particular along a line and / or a plane.

[0012] The temperature sensor is connected to the analysis unit. The connection can be wired or wireless.

[0013] In order to determine the fire load in order to inform the fire brigade of the possible danger and fire fighting strategy before or when arriving at the fire site, it is proposed that the analysis unit analyzes at least one temperature profile in the area of ​​the temperature sensor by means of a temperature sensor and outputs a signal as a function of the temperature profile. The signal is in particular a fire alarm signal or a fire warning.

[0014] The temperature variation curve can be both temporal and spatial. The temperature variation curve in time can represent the relationship between temperature and time. The temperature variation curve in space can represent, for example, the temperature along at least one extension axis (one-dimensional) of the temperature sensor, in particular the temperature along two axes (two-dimensional).

[0015] As already explained at the outset, the temperature profiles of different drive types are very different.

[0016] Thus, for example, in the case of an internal combustion engine, a temperature increase can be expected in the front region of the vehicle at the start of the parking process, since the internal combustion engine is located there. The temperature usually decreases linearly or degressively, depending on whether the radiator of the engine is subsequently operated. After cooling, the temperature remains low. The hot spot of the temperature curve is usually located in the region of the engine block or the fuel tank of the vehicle.

[0017] In battery-driven vehicles with a fuel cell, low temperatures are to be expected in the front area of ​​the vehicle at the start of the parking process, since electric motors do not heat up as much as internal combustion engines. The temperature usually decreases linearly. After cooling, the temperature remains low. However, in the event of a fire and especially even before a fire occurs, the battery usually heats up. This heating process takes several minutes, in particular significantly longer than in the case of fossil fuel combustion. However, once the so-called "tripping point" is reached, the temperature increases sharply and until the battery catches fire or explodes. The hot spot of the temperature curve is usually located in the middle of the vehicle, since the battery is usually located there.

[0018] In hydrogen-powered vehicles, low temperatures are to be expected in the front area of ​​the vehicle at the start of the parking process, since the electric motor does not heat up as much as the internal combustion engine. The temperature usually decreases linearly. After cooling, the temperature remains low. In the event of a fire, the temperature usually rises even faster than in vehicles with internal combustion engines, since the hydrogen reacts directly and explodes. The hot spot of the temperature curve is usually in the area of ​​the vehicle's fuel tank.

[0019] The above drive types are purely exemplary. For example, there are gas-driven vehicles and hydrogen vehicles with internal combustion engines, which also have typical temperature curves.

[0020] This and other information about the temperature profile can be stored in the evaluation unit in order to add information to the signal from which the possible fire load can be derived. The signal can contain information about the type of drive of the vehicle in the respective parking space, for example.

[0021] A temperature sensor can be assigned to only one parking space. In this case, the analysis unit can determine not only the temperature profile but also the location of the temperature profile, in particular the parking space. Thus, information about the parking space itself, ie spatial information about the parking space or the name of the parking space, can be added to the signal.

[0022] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the temperature sensor is an optical fiber line. With such an optical fiber line, temperature sensing can be realized in a compact structure, in particular on the floor of a parking space. The fiber line can have a longitudinal extension, and the temperature curve can be determined in a spatially resolved manner along the fiber line.

[0023] The fiber conductor is in particular a glass fiber conductor, in particular a glass fiber fire alarm cable. Such glass fiber fire alarm cables are known and are used, for example, in the ceiling region of tunnels in order to enable temperature sensing over long distances.

[0024] However, the temperature sensor can also be an electrical sensor, for example a sensor based on a resistance wire. Such a sensor can be divided into segments that can be analyzed separately for spatial resolution. It is also conceivable to use a temperature sensor based on a resistor, for example an NTC resistor.

[0025] In order to prevent the temperature sensor from being damaged by passing vehicles, it is recommended to integrate the temperature sensor into the floor of the parking space. When constructing the parking space, the temperature sensor can be installed, for example, before the uppermost covering layer is applied. For additional installation, for example, the uppermost covering layer can be slotted, the temperature sensor can be inserted, and the slot can then be sealed, for example, with bitumen.

[0026] As already explained at the outset, it is possible to store in the evaluation unit which temperature profile characterizes which vehicle type, in particular which drive type. Thus, different characterizing temperature profiles can be stored in the evaluation unit for a vehicle type and / or for a drive type. Thus, a typical temperature profile of a cluster can be stored in the evaluation unit for each drive type.

[0027] The detected temperature variation curve is compared with the stored temperature variation curve. In particular, the cross correlation of the detected temperature variation curve with the stored temperature variation curve can be performed both in time and in space. Such a method is, for example, the SSD method. It can be determined which of the detected temperature variation curves is most similar to the stored temperature variation curves. For example, the sum of the deviations of the detected temperature variation curve and all the temperature variation curves belonging to a cluster can also be formed, and the absolute value of the sum or the standardized value of the sum can be compared with each other for all clusters. The minimum deviation can be used to determine the most likely cluster for the detected temperature variation curve. Based on the comparison, the analysis unit can determine the drive type of the vehicle parked in the parking space. In any case, very high temperatures can always be identified and fires can therefore be identified. This can be done even if there is no knowledge about the type of motor vehicle or it can be identified from the temperature variation curve. Therefore, the system can also correspond fires to positions without analyzing the details of the temperature curve.

[0028] Furthermore, with the presence of position sensors and knowledge of which specific vehicle type is involved at a specific location, an abnormal temperature profile can be identified more quickly than this. Thus, for electric vehicles, the system would wait for the E-Kurve, etc.

[0029] In order to optimize the detection of a fire, it is useful to know the drive type before a fire actually occurs. It is therefore proposed to first analyze the first temperature profile in terms of time. From this, for example, when the vehicle drives into the parking space and the parking process begins, the drive type of the parked vehicle can be determined. This determined drive type is stored for the parking space until the vehicle leaves the parking space. The memory can then be cleared and written again, for example, to the value of the drive type of the next vehicle parked in the parking space.

[0030] During the parking process, the second temperature profile is detected and analyzed continuously or at intervals. In the analysis, the detected temperature profile is compared with the temperature profile. In order to be able to determine more quickly and reliably whether a fire is present, only the comparison with the temperature profile known for the known drive type is performed. If a fire is present, then the temperature profile for the drive type is typical. If the drive type is known and the second temperature profile is compared with the temperature profile for the drive type in which a fire occurs, an actual fire or an impending fire can be inferred with a high probability.

[0031] If a vehicle enters a parking space and starts the parking process, a temperature profile is detected that characterizes the drive type of the parked vehicle. This detection also determines that the corresponding vehicle has been parked in the parking space. The occupancy of the parking space is therefore signaled based on the analysis. If the vehicle leaves the parking space again, this can possibly also be detected in the temperature profile and corresponding occupancy information can be output.

[0032] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the output of the signal is dependent on a specific type of drive. Thus, for example, it is conceivable that the signal is a fire warning if, for example, a temperature increase or a temperature gradient is detected after a certain minimum time after the start of a parking process in a battery-driven vehicle. This can indicate heating of the battery and signal that a fire may be imminent. With this warning, measures can already be taken to prevent a fire.

[0033] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the analysis unit is associated with a plurality of temperature sensors and analyzes their temperature curves. In particular, at least one temperature sensor may be specifically assigned to each parking space, and which parking space is associated with which temperature sensor may be stored in the analysis unit. Thus, not only can a fire be detected, but also a fire may be spatially associated with a parking space.

[0034] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the analysis unit controls optical road signs as a function of the analysis. Optical road signs can be provided in parking buildings or underground garages for traffic flow control. They are usually used to guide vehicles to free parking spaces. However, in the event of a fire or an early warning, for example when the battery heats up, it can be useful to guide the fire brigade to the fire hazard or the location of the fire as quickly as possible. Since the location of the fire, in particular the location of the parking space of the burning car, is known from the analysis, the analysis unit can control the road signs so that the fire brigade is guided directly to the location of the fire.

[0035] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that as soon as a fire is detected or a warning is output, for example in the case of a hot battery, the corresponding parking space is blocked for other vehicles and the blockage is indicated, for example, by means of optical road signs. The parking level or the spatial area around the parking space can also be blocked and the road signs can be controlled so that no other vehicles are guided into this area.

[0036] Another aspect is an analysis unit according to the invention.

[0037] In the case of a signal, such as a warning or fire alarm signal, safety measures can be introduced by the analysis unit. Thus, for example, in the case of a signal, the parking area that triggered the signal can be blocked, for example, the corresponding parking floor. Ventilation or fire extinguishing equipment in this area can also be activated. It is also possible to automatically deactivate existing electrical equipment, such as charging stations, in this area if necessary. Escape route markings can be activated to facilitate escape from this area. Since not only the type of drive but also the location of the fire or fire hazard is known through the solution of the invention, countermeasures can be introduced directly and automatically, as mentioned above and below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The invention is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show exemplary embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 The parking lot management system of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 2 A temperature sensor in the floor of a parking space is shown;

[0041] Figure 3 Road signs in parking spaces are shown;

[0042] Figure 4a -c shows the temperature-time curve;

[0043] Figure 5a -c shows the temperature-position curve;

[0044] Figure 6a -c shows the temperature-time curve during fire;

[0045] Figure 7 An analysis of the temperature variation curve is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Figure 1 A parking lot 2 of a parking lot management system is shown, which includes a plurality of parking spaces 2a, b, c and d. Temperature sensors 4a-d extending in the longitudinal direction can be arranged on the floor of the parking spaces 2a-d, respectively. Here, the temperature sensors 4a-d can be fiber conductors, in particular fire alarm glass fiber conductors, for example. By means of a suitable control device (not shown), not only the temperature profile in time but also the temperature profile resolved in position can be detected along the temperature sensors 4a-d. The detected temperature profile is conveyed to an analysis circuit 6 corresponding to one of the parking spaces 2a-d. In the analysis circuit 6, a comparison of the detected temperature profile with the stored temperature profile, which will be described below, is performed, so that information about the occupancy of the parking lot 2 is provided to the fire alarm center 10 in a signal 8.

[0047] The signal 8 can be, for example, a first signal 12, in which information 12a about the parking space 2a-d is contained, which is linked to information 12b about the drive type of the vehicle parked in the parking space 2a-d. However, the signal 12 can also be an alarm signal, in which the information 12a about the parking space and information 12c about a fire or an abnormal temperature development detected in one of the parking spaces 2a-d are contained, for example also together with the drive type. The signal 8 is transmitted by the analysis unit 6 to the fire alarm center 10.

[0048] The temperature sensor 4a designed as a fiber conductor can be inserted into the cover layer 14a, for example. Figure 2 As shown in . This prevents the temperature sensor 4a from being damaged by vehicles driving over it.

[0049] The parking spaces 2a-d of the parking lot 2 can be Figure 3 As shown in the figure, they are arranged next to each other and / or one above the other in different parking levels 2′, 2″, 2″′ and 2″″. Signposts 16 can point to these different parking levels 2′-2″″. Signposts 16 can also include information signs 16a. The signposts 16 and signs 16a can be controlled by analysis unit 6 and / or fire alarm center 10, for example in order to guide the fire brigade to the parking space 2a-d involved in the event of a fire or to prevent other vehicles from driving towards the parking level 2′-2″″ by means of signs 16a.

[0050] As already explained, the temperature profile of a parked vehicle over time can characterize the driving style of the vehicle.

[0051] Figure 4a The temperature curve of a vehicle with an internal combustion engine over time is shown as an example. At time t0, the vehicle is parked and the temperature rises rapidly because the internal combustion engine is hot. The temperature drop is decremental because the motor fan is first turned on and then cooling occurs by pure convection.

[0052] Figure 4b The temperature profile of a battery-electric vehicle is shown as an example. At time t0, the vehicle is parked and has heated up slightly, for example due to high currents in the area of ​​the battery. Cooling is usually linear and slower than in the case of an internal combustion engine, as can be seen in the temperature profile.

[0053] Figure 4c The temperature curve of a fuel cell vehicle is shown as an example. Here, the initial temperature at time t0 when the vehicle stops is approximately equal to Figure 4bThe initial temperature of the battery electric vehicle is shown in , but the cooling takes place more quickly because there is no thermal capacity of the battery and therefore less thermal energy is stored.

[0054] It can be seen from the three exemplary temperature profiles that the evaluation unit 6 can determine the drive type of the vehicle at the beginning of the parking process.

[0055] Figure 5a An exemplary temperature profile is shown with respect to the longitudinal extension of the temperature sensors 4a-d of the internal combustion engine. It can be seen that, for example, the temperature increases in the front region where the internal combustion engine is located, but the underbody is relatively cool, and in the rear region the temperature is almost equal to the ambient temperature.

[0056] This is different in battery electric vehicles, where Figure 5b The spatial temperature variation curve of the battery electric vehicle is shown by way of example in . There, usually, the vehicle bottom where the battery is arranged will be hotter than the front and rear of the vehicle.

[0057] Figure 5c An exemplary spatial temperature profile of a fuel cell vehicle is shown. In this case, an increased temperature is to be expected due to the absence of batteries in the front region of the vehicle, whereas the underbody and rear region do not have an increased temperature.

[0058] according to Figure 5a -c's spatial temperature variation curve can also determine the drive type.

[0059] Figure 6a -c shows exemplary temperature curves for different drive types in the event of a fire.

[0060] Figure 6a It is shown that in the event of a fire in an internal combustion engine the temperature rises linearly and rapidly.

[0061] The fire of the battery electric vehicle is shown in Figure 6b It can be seen in FIG. 1 that the temperature first rises slightly before the temperature rises sharply, which is caused by a short circuit in the battery module, for example. At time t1, the internal temperature of the battery can be so high that it reaches the "tripping point" and the battery begins to burn, followed by a sharp temperature rise.

[0062] Figure 6c An exemplary temperature curve for a fire in a fuel cell vehicle is shown. Until the time t1 at which the fire occurs, no temperature rise is measured. Once a fire occurs, a very steep temperature rise is expected, possibly greater than 100 °C. Figure 6a The situation is even steeper for internal combustion engines.

[0063] The temperature curves shown are purely exemplary and are intended merely to indicate that the temperature distribution over time and over space can provide information about the type of operation on the one hand and about the danger or presence of fire on the other hand.

[0064] Different clusters 16a-c are provided in the evaluation unit 6. Different temperature profiles 18 are stored in each cluster 16a-c for a specific drive type. A first temperature profile 18 can, for example, represent the temperature profile over time at the start of a parking process. Another temperature profile 18 can represent the temperature profile over space at the start of a parking process. Another temperature profile 18 can represent the temperature profile over time at the start of a fire, and finally another temperature profile 18 can represent the temperature profile over space at the start of a fire. For each of these temperature profiles, a set of representative temperature profiles 18 can be stored, so that for each drive type, one or more temperature profiles 18 are stored for each case.

[0065] If the temperature profile 20a over time is now detected by the evaluation unit 6, it is compared with the temperature profiles 18 over time of the different clusters 16a-c. For example, a cross correlation can be performed here and the temperature profile 18 with the smallest deviation from the measured temperature profile 20a can be determined. For example, the type of drive can be inferred from this.

[0066] If the second temperature profile 20b is measured later, for example later in time, this can be compared, for example, with the temperature profiles 18 of the clusters 16a-c indicating a fire. If the drive type is known in advance, only the temperature profiles 18 of the clusters 16a-c corresponding to this drive type can be compared. If the measured temperature profile 20b deviates from the stored temperature profiles 18 below a threshold value, for example, an alarm signal, a fire signal or the like, for example a signal 12 with information 12a-c, can be emitted.

Claims

1. Parking lot management system, which includes, A temperature sensor (4a) that can be installed on the ground of the parking space (2a), An analysis unit (6) connected to the temperature sensor (4a), wherein The evaluation unit (6) evaluates at least one temperature profile (18) in the region of the temperature sensor (4a) by means of the temperature sensor (4a) and outputs a signal (19) as a function of the temperature profile (18). It is characterized in that The analysis unit (6) compares the detected temperature profile (18) with a stored temperature profile (18) and determines the drive type of the vehicle parked in the parking space (2a) based on the comparison.

2. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The temperature sensor (4a) is an optical fiber line, or the temperature sensor (4a) is an electrical sensor.

3. The parking lot management system according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The temperature sensor (4a) is a glass fiber wire.

4. The parking lot management system according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The fiber conductor is a glass fiber fire alarm cable.

5. The parking lot management system according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The temperature sensor (4a) can be integrated into the floor of the parking space (2a).

6. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The analysis unit (6) analyzes a first temperature profile (18) over time and determines a drive type based on the analysis, and subsequently analyzes a second temperature profile (18) over time based on the determined drive type in order to output a fire alarm signal (19).

7. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The analysis unit (6) signals the occupancy of the parking space (2a) based on the analysis.

8. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The output of the signal is related to the determined drive type.

9. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The evaluation unit evaluates a plurality of temperature sensors (4a, 4b, 4c).

10. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The evaluation unit controls the optical landmark (16) as a function of the evaluation.

11. The parking lot management system according to claim 10, It is characterized in that The analysis unit (6) controls an optical road sign (16) leading to a parking space (2a) based on the analysis and outputs a signal (19) for the parking space.

12. The parking lot management system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The evaluation unit blocks the parking space (2a) based on the evaluation with the aid of optical road signs (16) and outputs a signal (19) for the parking space.

13. An analysis unit for a parking lot management system, comprising: at least one input which is designed to be coupled to a temperature sensor (4a) arranged on the floor of the parking space (2a), wherein The analysis unit (6) analyzes at least one temperature profile (18) at the parking space (2a) by means of a temperature sensor (4a) and outputs a signal (19) as a function of the temperature profile. It is characterized in that The analysis unit (6) compares the detected temperature profile (18) with a stored temperature profile (18) and determines the drive type of the vehicle parked in the parking space (2a) based on the comparison.

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