A non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a non-explosive mechanical rock-breaking route filling mining method, in which the mining areas are arranged along the direction of the ore body, no pillars are left between the mining areas, and the mining is carried out in layers from bottom to top. The one-step route and the two-step route are arranged at intervals in the layers, and the one-step route is mined first, and then the two-step route is mined. A cantilevered tunneling machine is used in the route to cut and drop ore, and trackless mining transportation equipment follows the ore out during the mining process, and the route is filled in sections. The present invention adopts a non-explosive mechanical cutting and dropping ore method for mining, which has the advantages of safe mining operation, high efficiency, and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of underground mining, and relates to a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method, which is particularly suitable for the recovery of thick and large ore bodies with low ore rock hardness. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main method of mining in metal and non-metal hard rock mines is drilling and blasting. Rock drilling equipment is used to construct various types of blastholes, and detonators and explosives are loaded into the blastholes to blast the ore. The collapsed ore is then removed by shovel loaders and other mining equipment. Practice has shown that the traditional drilling and blasting method has the following main disadvantages: (1) The drilling and blasting method uses explosives and detonators to blast the ore, which has poor safety. On the one hand, pyrotechnics themselves have safety hazards. On the other hand, after the blasting of explosives, a large amount of toxic and harmful gases will be produced, and at the same time, irreversible damage will be caused to the surrounding rock mass, affecting the stability of the mining area or tunnel. (2) The drilling, blasting, and mining operations of the drilling and blasting method are scattered and discontinuous, and the production management is complex and inefficient, which is not conducive to the realization of automation and intelligence. (3) The labor intensity of workers in the drilling and blasting method is relatively high and the working environment is poor.

[0003] Non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and mining is a new mining process that has emerged in recent years with the advancement of equipment. Compared with traditional drilling and blasting methods, non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and mining have significant advantages in safety, cost and efficiency. (1) Non-explosive mechanical rock breaking uses mechanical cutting to remove ore. During the production process, no explosives or other pyrotechnics are used, no toxic or harmful gases are generated, and mechanical cutting causes little damage to the surrounding rock mass. The overall operation safety is greatly improved compared to the drilling and blasting method. (2) The comprehensive mining cost of non-explosive mechanical rock breaking is lower than that of traditional drilling and blasting methods. (3) The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and mining process is simple and continuous, with a high degree of mechanization, which is conducive to the realization of automation and intelligence. Therefore, it also has advantages over the drilling and blasting method in terms of production capacity and efficiency.

[0004] In general, non-explosive mechanical rock-breaking mining will fundamentally improve the safety of underground metal mine operations and enhance the overall economic and environmental benefits of mining. Currently, non-explosive mechanical mining of soft rock such as coal has been widely used and has achieved industrial production. However, it has not yet been promoted in hard rock metal mines.

[0005] Combined with the actual mining technical conditions of underground metal mines, the cantilevered tunnel boring machine among non-explosive mechanical rock breaking equipment is more suitable for mining operations. However, the size and weight of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine are larger and heavier than the equipment such as scrapers and rock drilling trolleys currently used in metal underground mines, and the walking method is more "clumsy". How to create conditions for the cantilevered tunnel boring machine to operate more efficiently during the mining operation is the key to exerting its efficiency.

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method, which aims to solve the problems of poor safety, poor operation continuity, high labor intensity, poor working environment, etc. in the traditional drilling and blasting method of hard rock metal mines. At the same time, through innovation in engineering layout, the efficiency of the cantilever tunneling machine is fully utilized. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step a: The stopes are divided and arranged along the direction of the ore body without leaving any pillars between the stopes;

[0009] Step b, the mining and cutting engineering is constructed, the middle section transport tunnel, ramp, segmented transport tunnel, ore chute and filling return air shaft are constructed in the lower plate of the ore body, the mining field connecting road is constructed from the segmented transport tunnel to the ore body in the middle position of the stope to the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body and expanded to form the tunneling machine posture adjustment chamber, the size of which meets the requirements of the cantilevered tunneling machine rotating on the spot;

[0010] Step c, the mining field is mined in layers from bottom to top, and the first-step approach and the second-step approach are arranged alternately in the layers. The first-step approach is mined first, and then the second-step approach is mined. A cantilevered roadheader is used to cut the ore in the approach; when mining with the first-step approach, the cantilevered roadheader enters the roadheader attitude adjustment chamber from the mining field connecting road on one side, rotates and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body at the first one-step approach, and then starts to dig forward and cut the ore to the boundary of the mining field. During the mining process, trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mine out, and then the cantilevered roadheader retreats to the roadheader attitude adjustment chamber. The chamber is cleaned up, and another one-step approach is started for mining, and the one-step approach where mining has ended is filled and connected to the top; after the one-step approach is mined, the two-step approach is mined. Similarly, the cantilevered roadheader rotates and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body at the first two-step approach, and then starts to dig forward and cut the ore to the boundary of the mining field. During the mining process, the trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mine out, and then the cantilevered roadheader moves back to the chamber to adjust the posture of the roadheader, and another two-step approach is started for mining, and the two-step approach where mining has ended is filled and connected to the top;

[0011] Step d, after the completion of stratified mining, the cantilevered tunnel boring machine drives out of the mining area from the mining area connecting road on one side, and fills and connects the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber in the center of the mining area. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, the layer is switched to start mining of the previous layer. When the mining area is switched, the mining area connecting road adopts the top pressing excavation method to the designed elevation of the previous layer, expands and forms the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber, and then carries out mining of the layer according to step c, and repeats this cycle until the mining of the entire mining area is completed.

[0012] Furthermore, the length of the stope along the strike is determined based on the mine production capacity requirements, the comprehensive production capacity of the stope and the fluidity of the filling slurry, the width is the thickness of the ore body, and the layer height and approach specifications are determined based on the quality of the ore rock mass and the cutting range of the cantilever tunneling machine.

[0013] Furthermore, the size of the tunnel boring machine attitude chamber is determined according to the size of the cantilever tunnel boring machine equipment and the requirements for the walking and turning space dimensions. The top plate and both sides of the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber are supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor cables, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete. The mining site access is supported by anchor rods and hanging nets according to the stability of the ore body.

[0014] Furthermore, the trackless mining transport equipment is a mining truck or a scraper.

[0015] Furthermore, the lower part of the first-step approach is filled with a low-strength cementing filling body, and the upper part is filled with a high-strength cementing filling body; the lower part of the second-step approach is filled with a non-cementing filling body, and the upper part is filled with a high-strength cementing filling body.

[0016] Furthermore, when the mine is being mined, the fresh air in the segmented transport tunnel flows into the mine through the mine connecting road or the filling transport tunnel, and the polluted air washing the mine is merged into the upper and middle filling return air tunnels through the filling return air skylight. At the same time, the mining operation face is equipped with ventilation and dust removal fans for dust removal.

[0017] Preferably, the length of the stope along the strike is 80 to 140 m, and the specification of the access road is 3 m×3 m to 6 m×6 m.

[0018] Preferably, the anchor cable and anchor rod are made of fiberglass that is resistant to tension but not shearing.

[0019] Beneficial Effects

[0020] Compared with the existing technologies and methods, the non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) Non-explosive mechanical rock breaking uses mechanical cutting to remove ore. During the production process, no explosives or other pyrotechnics are used, and no toxic or harmful gases are generated. Mechanical cutting causes little damage to the surrounding rock mass, and the overall operation safety is greatly improved compared to the drilling and blasting method.

[0022] (2) The comprehensive recovery cost of non-explosive mechanical rock breaking is lower than that of traditional drilling and blasting methods.

[0023] (3) The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and recovery operation process is simple and continuous, with a high degree of mechanization, which is conducive to the realization of automation and intelligence. Therefore, it also has advantages over the drilling and blasting method in terms of production capacity and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a front view of a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A top view of a front view of a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A side view of a front view of a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method provided by the present invention;

[0028] In the figure: 1-middle transport tunnel; 2-segmented transport tunnel; 3-mining connecting road; 4-tunneling machine attitude adjustment chamber; 5-anchor cable; 6-ore chute; 7-filling return air shaft; 8-filling body; 9-cantilever tunneling machine; 10-ore body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0031] Step a: stope division: the stopes are arranged along the strike of the ore body 10, and no pillars are left between the stopes. The length of the stope along the strike is determined based on the production capacity requirements of the mine, the comprehensive production capacity of the stope, and the fluidity of the filling slurry, and the width is the thickness of the ore body 10. Preferably, the length of the stope along the strike is 80 to 140 meters.

[0032] Step b, mining and cutting engineering construction, constructing the middle section transport tunnel 1, ramp, segmented transport tunnel 2, ore chute 6 and filling return air shaft 7 in the lower plate of the ore body 10, constructing the mining field contact road from the segmented transport tunnel 2 to the ore body 10 in the middle position of the mining field to the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body 10 and expanding and brushing to form the tunnel boring machine posture adjustment chamber 4, the size of the tunnel boring machine posture adjustment chamber 4 meets the requirements of the cantilever tunnel boring machine 9 rotating on the spot, and the size of the tunnel boring machine posture adjustment chamber 4 is determined according to the size of the cantilever tunnel boring machine 9 equipment and the size requirements of the walking and turning space, and the top plate and two sides of the tunnel boring machine posture adjustment chamber 4 are supported by anchor cables 5, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete single or combined support methods. Preferably, the anchor cables 5 and anchor rods are made of fiberglass reinforced plastics that are tensile but not shear-resistant.

[0033] Step c, the mining site is mined in layers from bottom to top, and the first-step access and the second-step access are arranged alternately in the layers. The first-step access is mined first, and then the second-step access is mined. The layer height and access specifications are determined according to the quality of the ore rock mass and the cutting range of the cantilever tunneling machine 9. Preferably, the access specifications are 3m×3m to 6m×6m. The cantilever tunneling machine 9 is used to cut the fallen ore in the access, and the mining site access is supported by anchor rods and hanging nets according to the stability of the ore body 10. During the one-step approach mining, the cantilevered roadheader 9 enters the roadheader posture adjustment chamber 4 from the side of the mining field contact road, rotates and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body 10 at the first one-step approach, and then starts to dig forward and cut the ore to the boundary of the mining field. During the mining process, the trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mining, and the trackless mining transportation equipment is a mining truck or a shovel. Then the cantilevered roadheader 9 retreats to the roadheader posture adjustment chamber 4 and starts the mining of another one-step approach, and at the same time, the one-step approach where the mining is completed is carried out. Filling and connecting the top; after the first-step approach is mined, the second-step approach is mined. Similarly, the cantilevered roadheader 9 rotates and adjusts the fuselage to be parallel to the ore body 10 at the first two-step approach, and then starts to dig forward and cut the ore to the boundary of the mining area. During the mining process, the trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mining. The trackless mining transportation equipment is a mining truck or a shovel loader. Then the cantilevered roadheader 9 backs up to the roadheader posture adjustment chamber 4, and starts the mining of another two-step approach. At the same time, the two-step approach that has been mined is filled and connected to the top. When the mining area is mined, the fresh air in the segmented transportation lane 2 flows into the mining area through the mining area connecting road or the filling and transportation connecting lane, and the dirty air that washes the mining area is merged into the upper and middle filling return air lanes through the filling return air skylight. At the same time, the mining operation surface is equipped with a ventilation and dust removal fan for dust removal. The lower part of the one-step approach is filled with a low-strength cementing filling body, and the upper part is filled with a high-strength cementing filling body; the lower part of the two-step approach is filled with a non-cementing filling body, and the upper part is filled with a high-strength cementing filling body.

[0034] Step d, after the completion of the layered mining, the cantilevered tunnel boring machine 9 drives out of the mining area from the mining area connecting road on one side, and fills and connects the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber 4 in the center of the mining area. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, the layer is switched to start the mining of the previous layer. When the mining area is switched, the mining area connecting road adopts the top pressing excavation method to the designed elevation of the previous layer, expands and forms the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber 4, and then carries out the mining of the layer according to step c, and repeats this cycle until the mining of the entire mining area is completed.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step a: The stopes are divided and arranged along the direction of the ore body without leaving any pillars between the stopes; Step b, the mining and cutting engineering is constructed, the middle section transport tunnel, ramp, segmented transport tunnel, ore chute and filling return air shaft are constructed in the lower plate of the ore body, the mining field connecting road is constructed from the segmented transport tunnel to the ore body in the middle position of the stope to the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body and expanded to form the tunneling machine posture adjustment chamber, the size of which meets the requirements of the cantilevered tunneling machine rotating on the spot; Step c, the mining field is mined in layers from bottom to top, and the first-step approach and the second-step approach are arranged alternately in the layers. The first-step approach is mined first, and then the second-step approach is mined. A cantilevered roadheader is used to cut the ore in the approach; when mining with the first-step approach, the cantilevered roadheader enters the roadheader attitude adjustment chamber from the mining field connecting road on one side, rotates and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body at the first one-step approach, and then starts to dig forward and cut the ore to the boundary of the mining field. During the mining process, trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mine out, and then the cantilevered roadheader retreats to the roadheader attitude adjustment chamber. The chamber is cleaned up, and another one-step approach is started for mining, and the one-step approach where mining has ended is filled and connected to the top; after the one-step approach is mined, the two-step approach is mined. Similarly, the cantilevered roadheader rotates and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body at the first two-step approach, and then starts to dig forward and cut the ore to the boundary of the mining field. During the mining process, the trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mine out, and then the cantilevered roadheader moves back to the chamber to adjust the posture of the roadheader, and another two-step approach is started for mining, and the two-step approach where mining has ended is filled and connected to the top; Step d, after the completion of stratified mining, the cantilevered tunnel boring machine drives out of the mining area from the mining area connecting road on one side, and fills and connects the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber in the center of the mining area. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, the layer is switched to start mining of the previous layer. When the mining area is switched, the mining area connecting road adopts the top pressing excavation method to the designed elevation of the previous layer, expands and forms the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber, and then carries out mining of the layer according to step c, and repeats this cycle until the mining of the entire mining area is completed.

2. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The length of the stope along the strike is determined based on the mine production capacity requirements, the comprehensive production capacity of the stope and the fluidity of the filling slurry, and the width is the thickness of the ore body. The layer height and approach specifications are determined based on the quality of the ore rock mass and the cutting range of the cantilever tunneling machine.

3. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The size of the tunnel boring machine attitude chamber is determined according to the size of the cantilever tunnel boring machine equipment and the requirements for the walking and turning space dimensions. The top plate and both sides of the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber are supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor cables, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete. The mining site access is supported by anchor rods and hanging nets according to the stability of the ore body.

4. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The trackless mining transport equipment is a mining truck or a scraper.

5. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The lower part of the one-step approach is filled with a low-strength cementing filling body, and the upper part is filled with a high-strength cementing filling body; the lower part of the two-step approach is filled with a non-cementing filling body, and the upper part is filled with a high-strength cementing filling body.

6. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: When mining is underway, fresh air in the segmented transport tunnel flows into the mining area through the mining area connecting road or the filling transport tunnel. The polluted air that washes the mining area flows into the upper and middle filling return air tunnels through the filling return air skylight. At the same time, the mining operation face is equipped with ventilation and dust removal fans for dust removal.

7. A non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The length of the mining area along the strike is 80 to 140 m, and the specifications of the access road are 3 m×3 m to 6 m×6 m.

8. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking approach filling mining method according to claim 3 is characterized by: The anchor cable and anchor rod are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic that is resistant to tension but not shearing.

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