Automatic Safety Adjustment System

Abstract

A method can include presenting a first patient parameter and a second patient parameter on a display of an infusion device. The infusion device can receive a first input, and the first input can include a first value of the first patient parameter. The infusion device can determine a default value of the second patient parameter based on the first value of the input first patient parameter. The infusion device can present the determined default value of the second patient parameter. The infusion device can receive a second input, and the second input includes a second value of the second patient parameter. The second value can be an adjustment of the default value of the second patient parameter as an accurate representation of the second patient parameter. Related methods, articles of manufacture including devices and computer program products are also disclosed.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 901,311, filed on September 17, 2019, entitled "Automated Safety Adjustment System", the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The subject matter described herein generally relates to the dispensing of drugs, and more particularly, to an automated safety adjustment system for an infusion device for anesthetic delivery. Background Art

[0004] A Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) pump system with an infusion device administers treatment to a patient by delivering a drug or other liquid medicament to the patient. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (Pk / Pd) prediction models can be used in the TCI pump system to calculate the liquid medicament infusion rate, which is used to achieve and maintain a desired target dose of anesthetic delivered to the patient. During the initialization of the infusion device and the selected Pk / Pd prediction model, the infusion device requests the user to input specific patient parameters such as patient age, height, weight, gender, etc. At least in part because the default values of the patient parameters are only associated with one type of patient and are independent of the selected Pk / Pd prediction model, and because incorrect input values may result in the formulation and / or delivery of an incorrect liquid medicament dose or administration dose to the patient, which can lead to unexpected consequences (e.g., Adverse Drug Events (ADEs), adverse clinical reactions or effects, etc.), it is a significant burden for the user of the infusion device to input the correct value for each patient parameter. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture including computer program products are provided for initializing a TCI pump system for dispensing drugs to a patient. For example, the system can provide more accurate default values for one or more patient parameters displayed on the infusion device of the TCI pump system to reduce the likelihood of the pump user inputting incorrect values for the patient parameters.

[0006] According to some aspects, a method includes: presenting a first patient parameter and a second patient parameter of one or more patient parameters on a display of an infusion device, the infusion device configured to deliver a drug to a patient. The method may further include: receiving a first input via a user interface of the display. The first input may include a first value of the first patient parameter. The method may further include: determining a default value of the second patient parameter based on the first value of the input first patient parameter. The method may further include: presenting the determined default value of the second patient parameter on the display of the infusion device. The method may further include: receiving a second input via the user interface. The second input may include a second value of the second patient parameter. The second value, as an accurate representation of the second patient parameter, may be an adjustment of the default value of the second patient parameter.

[0007] In some aspects, the method further includes: determining a drug dose to be delivered to the patient based on the first value and the second value; and delivering the drug to the patient.

[0008] In some aspects, the first patient parameter is patient age, and the second patient parameter is patient height.

[0009] In some aspects, the default value of the patient height determined based on the first value of the input patient age is closer to the second value of the input patient height than the predetermined default value of the patient height without the first value of the input patient age.

[0010] In some aspects, determining the default value of the second patient parameter further includes: retrieving the default value of the second patient parameter from a data table stored in a data memory communicating with the display. The data table may include one or more default values corresponding to each patient parameter of one or more patient parameters.

[0011] In some aspects, the method further includes: presenting a first default value of the first patient parameter on the display before receiving the first input via the user interface. The first value of the first patient parameter is lower than the first default value of the first patient parameter. The default value of the second patient parameter is lower than the second default value of the second patient parameter corresponding to the first default value of the first patient parameter.

[0012] In some aspects, the method further includes: presenting a third patient parameter of one or more patient parameters on the display of the infusion device. The method may further include: determining a third default value of the third patient parameter based on one or more of the first value of the input first patient parameter and the second value of the input second patient parameter. The method may further include: presenting the determined third default value of the third patient parameter on the display of the infusion device.

[0013] In some aspects, the method further includes: receiving a third input via a user interface. The third input may include a third value of a third patient parameter. The third value, being an accurate representation of the third patient parameter, may be an adjustment of a third default value of the third parameter.

[0014] In some aspects, the first patient parameter is the patient's age, the second patient parameter is the patient's height, and the third patient parameter is the patient's weight.

[0015] Implementations of the present subject matter may include: methods consistent with the descriptions provided herein and articles including tangible, machine-readable media operable to cause one or more machines (e.g., computers, etc.) to effect or signal the need to effect one or more of the described features. Similarly, a computer system is also described, which may include one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors. The memory (which may include non-volatile computer-readable or machine-readable storage media) may include encoding, storing, etc., one or more programs that cause the one or more processors to perform one or more of the operations described herein. A computer-implemented method consistent with one or more implementations of the present subject matter may be implemented by one or more data processors residing in a single computing system or multiple computing systems. Such multiple computing systems may be connected and may exchange data and / or commands, or other instructions, etc., via one or more connections, via direct connections between one or more of the multiple computing systems, etc., the one or more connections including connections such as via a network (e.g., the Internet, a wireless wide area network, a local area network, a wide area network, a wired network, etc.).

[0016] Details of one or more variations of the subject matter described herein are set forth in the following figures and description. Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the specification and figures and from the claims. Although some features of the presently disclosed subject matter are described for illustrative purposes related to initializing a TCI pump system, it should be readily understood that these features are not intended to be limiting. The claims following this disclosure are intended to define the scope of the protected subject matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate certain aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein and, together with the description, help explain some of the principles associated with the disclosed implementations. In these drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 A system schematic diagram showing an automatic safety adjustment system according to some exemplary embodiments is depicted;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematically depicts an example pump with a display in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

[0020] Figure 3A Schematically depicts another example pump with a display in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

[0021] Figure 3B Schematically depicts another example pump with a display in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

[0022] Figure 4 Depicts a flowchart showing a process for initializing a TCI pump system in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

[0023] Figure 5 Depicts a block diagram of a computing system in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

[0024] Figure 6A Depicts a front view of a patient care system in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

[0025] Figure 6B Depicts an enlarged view of a portion of a patient care system in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

[0026] Figure 6C Depicts a perspective view of a pump in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.

[0027] In fact, like reference numerals refer to like structures, features, or elements. Detailed Description

[0028] A target controlled infusion (TCI) pump system with an infusion device administers treatment to a patient by delivering a drug or other liquid medicament (e.g., anesthetic such as propofol, remifentanil, etc.) to the patient. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (Pk / Pd) prediction models (e.g., the Eleveld propofol and / or remifentanil TCI model and / or another prediction model such as a Bayesian-based model) can be used in the TCI pump system to calculate the liquid medicament infusion rate, which is used to achieve and maintain a desired formulation and / or target dose of the liquid medicament delivered to the patient. The Pk / Pd model can be loaded and stored on the infusion device and can be applied to the user (e.g., clinician, patient, etc.) to select a desired Pk / Pd model during initialization of the infusion device. During initialization of the infusion device and the selected Pk / Pd prediction model, the infusion device requests the user to confirm, select, and / or otherwise enter one or more patient parameters of the patient, such as patient age, height, gender, weight, etc. Using these patient parameters, the TCI pump system can adapt the dose of the liquid medicament delivered to each patient to individual needs and can calculate the optimal infusion profile for each patient. Therefore, the value of each patient parameter entered by the user directly affects the dose of the liquid medicament delivered to the patient, and incorrect input values may result in overdose or underdose of the patient.

[0029] Before the value of each patient parameter (e.g., age, height, gender, weight, etc.) is entered into the infusion device, the infusion device displays the default value of the patient parameter. For example, infusion devices that utilize certain Pk / Pd models (such as the Eleveld model) are unique in that these Pk / Pd models allow the user to program the infusion device to be able to handle a wide range of patient populations from children to adults of various heights, weights, genders, etc. Even so, when the infusion device is initialized, the default value of the patient parameter displayed to the user by the infusion device is typically only associated with one type of patient (such as an adult patient). This is particularly problematic if the patient is a child or has one or more patient parameters that are significantly different from the displayed default value, as this places a significant burden on the user to enter the correct values into the infusion device. The automatic safety adjustment system described herein helps to alleviate the burden on the user of entering the correct value(s) of one or more patient parameters by, for example, automatically adjusting the default value of the patient parameter based on one or more previously entered patient parameter values. This helps to prevent or reduce the likelihood that the user will enter an incorrect value (e.g., incorrect height or weight of the patient), thereby preventing or reducing the likelihood of incorrectly operating the infusion device to under-dose or over-dose the patient, or otherwise delivering an incorrect dose of the medicament to the patient. Thus, this helps to minimize the risk of ADEs (such as toxicity, end-organ damage, and / or other measurable adverse outcomes) caused by under-dosing or over-dosing. This can also help to better predict the drug compensation provided to the patient and can allow for better planning of patient rooms in a healthcare facility.

[0030] As an example, regardless of the age that the user enters into the infusion device, the default age of the patient can be set to 50 years old, and the default values of the remaining patient parameters can be based on the default setting of the patient being 50 years old (e.g., the default height is set to 170 cm and the default weight is set to 70 kg). When the patient is not an average adult, such as when the patient is a child or an elderly person, or when the patient is significantly shorter, taller, heavier, or lighter than the default adult, this places a significant burden on the user of the infusion device to select the correct height, weight, gender, etc. of the patient, thereby increasing the likelihood of user error. As described above, incorrect input values of one or more patient parameters (such as the user's age, height, gender, weight, etc.) may result in significant medical problems since the infusion device will deliver too high or too low a dose of the medicament to the patient.

[0031] In addition, a user of an infusion device may accidentally confirm a default or incorrect value of one or more patient parameters displayed on the infusion device. In such a case, since the infusion device will still display the default values of subsequent patient parameters associated with, for example, an average adult, the user of the infusion device may not be aware of an error in the input of the patient parameter values. This situation is likely to occur in an emergency situation when the user is distracted, in a hurry, and / or otherwise not focused on entering the correct values of the patient parameters, and when the correct values of each patient parameter to be entered are even more critical.

[0032] In other examples, the user may be asked to enter and / or confirm at least sequentially the patient age, height, gender, and weight. In these examples, after the user enters and / or confirms the patient age, the infusion device displays to the user a default height (which, as described above, is the default height of an average adult). In some embodiments, the user may then enter the patient's gender. After that, the user may enter (select, scroll to, etc.) the actual value of the patient's height. Regardless of the patient age, patient height, and / or patient gender, the infusion device will then still display to the user a default weight (which, like the default height, is the default weight of an average adult). In both cases, for example, it places a significant burden on the user to enter and / or confirm the correct height and weight of the patient. When errors occur in more than one patient parameter, for example, when an error occurs in the entered patient height and another error occurs in the entered patient weight, the user errors in the input of the values of each patient parameter may be mixed, thus advancing the harm to the patient caused by the user errors.

[0033] An automatic safety adjustment system for an infusion device consistent with implementations of the present subject matter can address one or more of these problems by, for example, automatically adjusting one or more more accurate default values of patient parameters (such as height, weight, etc.) based on one or more values of previously entered patient parameters (such as age, height, gender, weight, etc.) and displaying them on the infusion device. In some exemplary embodiments, the infusion device may automatically adjust one or more values of patient parameters to more precise default values that are closer to the actual values of one or more patient parameters of the patient after receiving a user input of one or more values of the patient parameters.

[0034] Figure 1 A system schematic diagram showing an automatic safety adjustment system 100 according to some example embodiments is depicted. Referring to Figure 1, the automatic safety adjustment system 100 may include an adjustment engine 110, a pump (also referred to herein as an "infusion device") 22, a display 54, and a data memory 125. In some exemplary embodiments, the adjustment engine 110, the display 54, and / or the data memory 125 may form part of the pump 22 and / or may be located within the housing of the pump 22.

[0035] The display 54 may form part of the pump 22 or may be separately coupled as part of a client device 99. The display 54 may also include a user interface. The user interface may form part of the display screen of the display 54 that presents information to the user, and / or the user interface may be separate from the display screen. For example, the user interface may be one or more buttons, or the user interface may be part of the display screen configured to receive input from the user.

[0036] For example, the client device 99 may be a mobile device such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, etc. However, it should be understood that the client device 99 may be any processor-based device, such as including a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a mobile computer, a workstation, etc. For example, via the client device 99, a user may be able to configure certain parameters of the pump 22, such as the air threshold in the line, the rate limit, the alarm limit, etc. In addition, in some examples, via the client device 99, a user may configure various drug solutions with default settings and safety parameters (e.g., setting limits on the drug dose).

[0037] The data memory 125 may include a database and / or data tables such as data table 26, providing physical data storage within a dedicated facility and / or local storage on the pump 22. Additionally and / or alternatively, the data memory 125 may include a cloud-based system providing remote data storage in, for example, a multi-tenant computing environment, etc. The data memory 125 may also include non-volatile computer-readable media.

[0038] As Figure 1 shown, the adjustment engine 110, the pump 22, the display 54, and / or the data memory 125 may be communicatively coupled via a network 150. In addition, the network 150 may be any wired and / or wireless network, for example, including a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), the Internet, etc.

[0039] The pump 22 can be a TCI pump (e.g., a TCI pump having one or more Pk / Pd models), a syringe pump, an anesthetic delivery pump, and / or a patient-controlled analgesic (PCA) pump, which are configured to deliver drugs (e.g., anesthetics such as propofol and / or remifentanil) to a patient. However, it should be understood that the pump 22 can be any infusion device configured to deliver substances (e.g., fluids, nutrients, drugs, etc.) to the patient's circulatory system or epidural space via, for example, intravenous infusion, subcutaneous infusion, arterial infusion, epidural infusion, etc. Alternatively, the pump 22 can be an infusion device configured to deliver substances (e.g., fluids, nutrients, drugs, etc.) to the patient's digestive system via a nasogastric tube (NG), a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, a nasojejunal (NJ) tube, etc. In addition, the pump 22 can be part of a patient care system that includes one or more additional pumps.

[0040] The pump 22 can be configured to receive one or more syringes, e.g., the syringe includes drugs (e.g., anesthetics) such as propofol and / or remifentanil. The syringe can be inserted into the pump 22 such that the pump 22 can deliver the drug to the patient in one or more doses (which have one or more liquid drug doses).

[0041] The pump 22 (or infusion device) can determine the optimal dose of the drug delivered to the patient based on the values of one or more patient parameters, including patient age, height, weight, gender, laboratory results, whether the patient has ingested opioids, the patient's BMI, etc. In some embodiments, the pump 22 can display one or more patient parameters on the display 54. Before determining the optimal dose of the drug and / or delivering the drug to the patient, e.g., during initialization of the pump 22, the pump 22 can display a request to the user via the display 54 for the user to input and / or confirm the value of each of one or more patient parameters.

[0042] Figure 2 An example of the display 54 of the pump 22 is schematically shown. As Figure 2As shown, one or more patient parameters displayed on the display 54 include a first patient parameter 2, a second patient parameter 6, a third patient parameter 10, and a fourth patient parameter 14. In some embodiments, the one or more patient parameters further include a fifth patient parameter 18 and / or more patient parameters. For example, the first patient parameter 2 may correspond to the patient's age, the second patient parameter 6 may refer to the patient's height, the third patient parameter 10 may refer to the patient's gender, the fourth patient parameter 14 may refer to the patient's weight, and the fifth patient parameter 18 may refer to the patient's body mass index (BMI) and / or the patient's opioid use. The patient parameters may also be arranged in other orders.

[0043] The first patient parameter 2 includes a corresponding first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter 6 includes a corresponding second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter 10 includes a corresponding third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter 14 includes a corresponding fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter 18 includes a corresponding fifth patient parameter value 20. The first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter value 20 may be input by the user on the display 54 and / or calculated by the infusion device, and the display 54 may receive the user's input. In some embodiments, the display 54 initially does not display the value of each of the first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter value 20, and the user inputs one or more values of the first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter value 20. In other embodiments, the display 54 first displays the default value of each of the first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter value 20, and the display 54 may receive the user's confirmation of the displayed default value of the first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter value 20, and / or the display 54 may receive the user's input or selection of the value of each of the first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter value 20.

[0044] For example, the user can confirm the default value displayed by the display 54, enter a new value to replace the displayed default value, start scrolling from the default value to the new value, etc. When the display 54 receives the user's selection of a value using methods such as those described herein, the value of the corresponding patient parameter can be considered to be entered as described herein. The display 54 can display the default value of each of the first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter value 20 simultaneously and / or sequentially display the default value of each of the first patient parameter value 4, the second patient parameter value 8, the third patient parameter value 12, the fourth patient parameter value 16, and the fifth patient parameter value 20 (e.g., after the display 54 receives the input of the first patient parameter value 4, display the default value of the second patient parameter value 8 via the display 54, and after the display 54 receives the input of the second patient parameter value 8, display the default value of the third patient parameter value 12 via the display 54, and so on).

[0045] Figure 3A and Figure 3B An example of the display 54 is schematically shown, for example, at the time of initialization of the pump 22 or after the pump 22 receives the selection of a prediction model such as a Pk / Pd model (e.g., the Eleveld propofol and / or remifentanil TCI model and / or a prediction model such as a Bayesian-based model). The prediction model can be single or multiple in nature.

[0046] In some embodiments, the display 54 initially displays the default value corresponding to each patient parameter for the patient based on a predetermined default value of a first patient parameter (e.g., patient age). In some embodiments, after the display 54 receives the input of the first patient parameter value 4, the display 54 displays the default value of each patient parameter of the patient. In other embodiments, after receiving the input of the first patient parameter value 4, based on the input first patient parameter value 4, the display 54 displays the default value of the second patient parameter value 8, and based on the input first patient parameter value 4 and / or the second patient parameter value 8, the display 54 displays the default value of the third patient parameter value 12, and so on.

[0047] In Figure 3A the example shown, the default value and / or input value of the first patient parameter 2 is 50 years old, and in Figure 3AIn the example shown, the default value and / or input value of the first patient parameter 2 is 2 years old. Once the pump 22 receives the user's input of the patient age value, the pump 22 (e.g., adjusts the engine 110) can determine the default value of the patient height (e.g., the second patient parameter 6) corresponding to the input patient age (e.g., the first patient parameter 2) (instead of the predetermined default value displayed regardless of the patient age input by the user), and display it via the display 54. Then, the user of the pump 22 can confirm and / or change the default value of the adjusted patient height (e.g., the second patient parameter 6) to the actual value of the patient height. For example, based on the actual values of the patient's age, height, and / or gender, the pump 22 can determine the default value of the patient weight and display it to the user via the display 54 (e.g., by adjusting the engine 110).

[0048] In this example, if the patient age value received by the display of the pump 22 is 2 years old (e.g., as Figure 3B shown), then the adjustment engine 110 of the pump 22 can communicate with the data memory 25 to retrieve the default value of the patient height corresponding to the input patient age value from the data table 26 stored on the data memory 25 and display it on the display 54. Table 1 below shows an example of the data table 26 stored on the data memory 25:

[0049] Table 1

[0050]

[0051] In some embodiments, the adjustment engine 110 of the pump 22 automatically adjusts the default value of the patient's height from a predetermined default height (which may be based on an adult patient) to a different (e.g., lower or higher) value associated with the patient's age. For example, the pump 22 can automatically adjust the default value of the patient's height starting from 170 cm (which is a height value associated with an adult patient), rather than displaying the default value of the patient's height. The pump 22 can automatically adjust the default value to a default value of the patient's height that is closer to the actual height of the patient (which is 85 cm in the example of a 2-year-old patient). In this example, the display 54 can then display the default value of the patient's height of 85 cm for the user to enter the actual value of the patient's height. This reduces the risk of the user incorrectly entering one or more patient parameter values, at least because the user of the pump 22 will be more likely to be alerted to incorrectly entered patient parameters (e.g., the incorrect age of the patient previously entered by the user). If the subsequently displayed default value of the patient parameter is determined to be inconsistent with the user's expectations of the value of these patient parameters, the user of the pump 22 will also be less likely to select an incorrect patient height or weight because the displayed default value will be closer to the actual value of the patient parameter (e.g., the height and / or weight of the patient). Additionally, since each value of one or more of the entered patient parameters will more accurately reflect the characteristics of the target patient, this helps to ensure the correct dosage of the medication is delivered to the patient.

[0052] The display (e.g., a dynamic display) also improves the way the pump 22 displays information and interacts with the user. By dynamically generating values based on the initial input, the pump 22 can reduce the need to provide additional complex data input elements to complete programming. For example, the graphical user interface presented by the display can include graphical elements to increase or decrease values, rather than presenting a full keyboard for data input. The pump 22 can more effectively process and validate these input signals (which may be more than inputs from free-form text or numeric data input fields). Using fewer input elements also saves display area on the pump display. This allows more programming parameters to be presented during data input, further reducing the likelihood of programming errors.

[0053] Figure 4 A flowchart depicting a process 400 for adjusting the default value of one or more patient parameters of an infusion device for delivering medication to a patient according to some exemplary embodiments is shown. Referring Figure 4 , the process 400 can be performed by the parameter adjustment system 100 (such as by the adjustment engine 110 or another component of the pump 22).

[0054] In some embodiments, for example, the infusion device (pump 22) is initialized via a user interface of the display of the infusion device and / or the infusion device receives a selection of one or more Pk / Pd models on the infusion device. Initialization of the infusion device may include: obtaining one or more parameters, establishing one or more connections with a data source for input to process 400, identifying one or more predictive models for processing the input to process 400, etc.

[0055] Additionally and / or alternatively, the infusion device may receive one or more pump parameters (e.g., in-line air threshold, rate limit, alarm limit, etc.) and / or drug solution regimen settings and safety parameters (e.g., dose limit), which are input directly onto the infusion device via the user interface, for example, or received from a client device. One or more pump parameters and / or drug solution regimen settings and safety parameters may include static values that are set to the configuration of the parameter adjustment system 100. Additionally and / or alternatively, one or more pump parameters and / or drug solution regimen settings and safety parameters may be generated dynamically to tailor the one or more pump parameters and / or drug solution regimen settings and safety parameters to the specific characteristics of the healthcare facility (e.g., number of beds, number of clinicians, average patient length of stay, age of the facility, etc.) and / or the patient under analysis (e.g., typical case, assigned drugs, demographics, etc.).

[0056] In some implementations, an appropriate model may be identified based on programming parameters of the infusion device such as the care area, the drug solution to be infused, or the module used to deliver the drug (e.g., syringe module, large volume pump, etc.). These models may be associated with one or more programming parameters and are used to select a model. In some implementations, the set of known models of the infusion device may be narrowed (e.g., filtered) based on one or more values received by the infusion device. In such instances, a subset of models that may be applied may be presented to the user, from which a selection of the model to be actually activated may be received.

[0057] At 402, one or more patient parameters may be presented on a display (e.g., display 54) that is coupled to or otherwise forms part of the infusion device. One or more patient parameters may be presented on the display at the time of infusion device initialization or later. For example, at least a first patient parameter such as first patient parameter 2 (e.g., patient age) and a second patient parameter such as second patient parameter 6 (e.g., patient height, gender, or weight) may be presented on the display. In some embodiments, one or more additional patient parameters may be presented on the display of the infusion device, such as a third patient parameter 10 (e.g., patient height, gender, or weight), a fourth patient parameter 14 (e.g., patient height, gender, or weight), and a fifth patient parameter 18 (e.g., the patient's opioid intake and / or the patient's BMI), or other patient parameters.

[0058] In some embodiments, the display presents a value corresponding to each of the one or more patient parameters. For example, the display may present the value of the first patient parameter after the user inputs a value for the first patient parameter. In other examples, the display may present a first default value of the first patient parameter before receiving an input value from the user. For example, the display may present default values for at least the first patient parameter, the second patient parameter, the third patient parameter, the fourth patient parameter, and / or the fifth patient parameter. In this example, the infusion device may send a request to the user to confirm (e.g., via the user interface) the default value of at least the first patient parameter and / or input (e.g., via the user interface) another value for at least the first patient parameter. As described in more detail below, when the input value of the first patient parameter is lower than the first default value of the first patient parameter presented to the user, the default value of the second patient parameter may be lower than the second default value of the second patient parameter corresponding to the first default value of the first patient parameter.

[0059] At 404, the infusion device receives a first input from the user (e.g., via the display), such as via a user interface. The first input may be a first value of the first patient parameter. For example, the user may input the first value by selecting, confirming, and / or scrolling to the first value. In some embodiments, as described above, the display may first present the default value of the first patient parameter. The user may adjust the default value by inputting a first value of the first patient parameter.

[0060] At 406, an infusion device (e.g., via adjustment engine 110) can determine default values for subsequent patient parameters based on one or more input values of previously input patient parameters. For example, adjustment engine 110 can determine a default value for a second patient parameter based on a first value of a first patient parameter that is input. For example, adjustment engine 110 can retrieve a default value for the second patient parameter from a data table stored in a data memory (such as data memory 25). The data table (which can include data table 1) can include one or more default values that correspond to each value or range of values of the input values for each of one or more patient parameters.

[0061] In some embodiments, for example, the determined default value of the second patient parameter is closer to the actual value of the second patient parameter that is input by the user and received by the infusion device as compared to a predetermined default value that is not based on the first value of the input first patient parameter. The default value of the second patient parameter can be higher or lower than the predetermined default value depending on the input value of the first patient parameter received by the infusion device.

[0062] For example, as discussed above with reference to Figures 3A to 3B if the predetermined default value for patient height corresponds to a 50-year-old person and the patient is a 2-year-old child, then the determined default value for patient height (e.g., the second patient parameter) can be lower than the default height associated with a 50-year-old person and can be closer to the actual height of the patient. Thus, the first value of the first patient parameter can be lower than the first default value of the first patient parameter, and the default value of the second patient parameter can be lower than the second default value of the second patient parameter that corresponds to the first default value of the first patient parameter. Even in implementations where a predetermined default value is not determined or does not exist, determining a second default value for a subsequent patient parameter based on one or more of the previously input patient parameters (e.g., in this case, the default value of the second patient parameter is based on the input value of the first patient parameter) can result in the determined second default value being closer to the actual value of the second patient parameter. This can reduce the likelihood of user error, thereby further preventing or reducing the likelihood of delivering an incorrect drug dose to the patient.

[0063] At 408, a display of the infusion device can present the determined default value of the second patient parameter to the user. In some examples, adjustment engine 110 sends the determined default value of the second patient parameter to the user. Then, for example, the user can input the actual value of the second patient parameter by selecting, confirming, and / or scrolling to a second value of the second patient parameter.

[0064] At 410, the display receives a second input from the user (e.g., via a user interface). The second input includes a second value of a second patient parameter, which may be higher than, lower than, equal to, or otherwise adjusted according to a default value of the second patient parameter presented to the user. The second value entered by the user and received by the infusion device is an accurate representation of the second patient parameter. The second value may be relatively close to the second default value. In some embodiments, the second value is closer to the second default value than a predetermined default value of the second patient parameter.

[0065] Although this method has been described with reference to first and second patient parameters, this method may also be applied to third, fourth, and / or fifth patient parameters. For example, with respect to a third patient parameter, the display of the infusion device may present the third patient parameter, and so on. The infusion device (e.g., an adjustment engine) may determine a third default value of the third patient parameter based on one or more of a previously entered first value of a first patient parameter and a previously entered second value of a second patient parameter. The infusion device may present the determined third default value of the third patient parameter on the display of the infusion device, and the determined third default value of the third patient parameter may be relatively close to the actual value of the third patient parameter. In some embodiments, the infusion device receives a third input from the user (via the display). The third input may include a third value of the third patient parameter, which is an accurate representation of the third patient parameter. The third value may be adjusted according to the third default value of the third patient parameter and / or may be the same as the third default value of the third patient parameter.

[0066] Based on input values of one or more patient parameters (e.g., first, second, third, fourth, and / or fifth patient parameters), the infusion device may determine a drug dose to be delivered to the patient. The infusion device may then deliver the drug to the patient.

[0067] In some implementations, values generated by a model may be used to validate user input. For example, the value may represent a target parameter value. If the programmed value of a parameter does not correspond to the target parameter value, then the pump may adjust one or more functions. For example, if the programmed value does not fall within a predetermined threshold of the target parameter value, then the pump may disable the power to the pump motor or other hardware elements of the pump. In some implementations, the adjustment may include adjusting the user interface or elements presented thereon. For example, the programmed user interface may include an activation element that, when activated, provides a signal to begin implementing fluid pumping according to the programmed parameters. If the programmed value is outside the range of the target parameter value, then the activation element may be deactivated or hidden from the user.

[0068] Figure 5 A block diagram of a computing system 500 is depicted that illustrates an implementation consistent with the current subject matter. Refer toFigure 1 and Figure 5 , the computing system 500 can be used to implement the pump 22, the conditioning engine 110, and / or any of its components.

[0069] As Figure 5 shown, the computing system 500 can include a processor 510, a memory 520, a storage device 530, and an input / output device 540. The processor 510, the memory 520, the storage device 530, and the input / output device 540 can be interconnected via a system bus 550. The processor 510 is capable of processing instructions for execution within the computing system 500. Such executed instructions can implement one or more components such as the conditioning engine 110. In some exemplary embodiments, the processor 510 can be a single-threaded processor. Alternatively, the processor 510 can be a multi-threaded processor. The processor 510 is capable of processing instructions stored in the memory 520 and / or the storage device 530 to render graphical information for a user interface provided via the input / output device 540.

[0070] The memory 520 is a computer-readable medium such as volatile or non-volatile for storing information within the computing system 500. For example, the memory 520 can store data structures representing a configuration object database. The storage device 530 is capable of providing permanent storage for the computing system 500. The storage device 530 can be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device or other suitable permanent storage device. The input / output device 540 provides input / output operations for the computing system 500. In some exemplary embodiments, the input / output device 540 includes a keyboard and / or a pointing device. In various implementations, the input / output device 540 includes a display unit for displaying a graphical user interface.

[0071] According to some example embodiments, the input / output device 540 can provide input / output operations for a network device. For example, the input / output device 540 can include an Ethernet port or other network port to communicate with one or more wired and / or wireless networks (e.g., local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), Internet).

[0072] In some exemplary embodiments, the computing system 500 can be used to execute various interactive computer software applications, which can be used to organize, analyze, and / or store data in various formats. Alternatively, the computing system 500 can be used to execute software applications. These applications can be used to perform various functions, such as, for example, planning functions (e.g., generation, management, editing of spreadsheet documents, word processing documents, and / or any other objects, etc.), computing functions, communication functions, etc. The applications can include various add-in functions or can be stand-alone computing products and / or functions. When a function is activated within an application, the function can be used to generate a user interface provided via the input / output device 540. The user interface can be generated by the computing system 500 and presented to the user (e.g., on a computer screen monitor, etc.).

[0073] In some exemplary embodiments, the pump 22 can be part of the patient care system 20. Figures 6A to 6C An exemplary embodiment of the patient care system 20 is shown, although other types of patient care systems can also be implemented. Referring Figure 6A to, the patient care system 20 can include a pump 22 and additional pumps 24, 26, and 28. Although a large volume pump (LVP) is shown, other types of pumps can also be implemented, such as a small volume pump (SVP), a TCI pump (e.g., a TCI pump having one or more Pk / Pd models), a syringe pump, an anesthetic delivery pump, and / or a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump, which are configured to deliver drugs (e.g., anesthetics such as propofol and / or remifentanil) to a patient. The pump 22 can be any infusion device configured to deliver a substance (e.g., fluid, nutrient, drug, etc.) to the patient's circulatory system or epidural space via, for example, intravenous infusion, subcutaneous infusion, arterial infusion, epidural infusion, etc., or the pump 22 can be an infusion device configured to deliver a substance (e.g., fluid, nutrient, drug, etc.) to the patient's digestive system via a nasogastric (NG) tube, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, a nasojejunal (NJ) tube, etc.

[0074] As Figure 6A shown, each of the pumps 22, 24, 26, and 28 can be fluidly connected to upstream fluid lines 30, 32, 34, and 36, respectively. In addition, each of the four pumps 22, 24, 26, and 28 can also be fluidly connected to downstream fluid lines 31, 33, 35, and 37, respectively. The fluid lines can be any type of fluid conduit, such as a pipe through which fluid can flow. At least a portion of one or more of the fluid lines can be constructed to have a multi-layer structure as described herein.

[0075] The fluid supplies 38, 40, 42, and 44 (which may take various forms but are shown as bottles in this case) are inverted and suspended above the pumps. The fluid supplies may also take the form of bags, syringes, or other types of containers. The patient care system 20 and the fluid supplies 38, 40, 42, and 44 can both be mounted to a roller stand or an intravenous (IV) pole 46.

[0076] Separate pumps 22, 24, 26, and 28 can be used to infuse each of the fluids from the fluid supplies into the patient. The pumps 22, 24, 26, and 28 can be flow control devices that will act on the respective fluid lines to move the fluid from the fluid supplies through the fluid lines to the patient 48. Since separate pumps are utilized, each pump can be individually set for pumping or operating parameters for infusing the particular medical fluid from the corresponding fluid supply into the patient at a particular rate as prescribed by the doctor. Such medical fluid can include medicaments or nutrients or other fluids.

[0077] Generally, medical fluid delivery devices have more components than Figure 6A shown. Most medical fluid delivery devices have check valves, drip chambers, valved connectors, connectors, and other devices well known to those skilled in the art. For the sake of clarity of illustration, these other devices are not included in the drawings. In addition, it should be noted that, for clarity, Figure 6A the drawings are not to scale and distances are compressed. In an actual setup, the distances between the bottles 38, 40, 42, and 44 and the pump modules 22, 24, 26, and 28 can be much greater.

[0078] Now referring to Figure 6B , an enlarged front view of the patient care system 20 is shown. The pump 22 can include a front door 50 and a handle 52. Operating the handle 52 locks the door in the closed position for operation, and operating the handle 52 unlocks and opens the door to gain access to the internal pumping and sensing mechanisms and to load the delivery device for the pump. When the door is open, as shown in Figure 6C , the tubing can be connected to the pump. When the door is closed, the tubing is operatively engaged with the pumping mechanism, upstream and downstream pressure sensors, and other equipment of the pump. In this embodiment, a display 54 such as an LED display is visibly located on the door and can be used to visually convey various information related to the pump such as alarm indications (e.g., alarm messages). In addition, the display 54 can be part of the pump 22 or coupled to the pump 22. Control keys 56 are provided for programming and controlling the operation of the pump as needed. The pump 22 also includes an audio alarm device (not shown) in the form of a speaker.

[0079] In the illustrated embodiment, the programming module 60 is attached to the left side of the pump 22. In some embodiments, the programming module 60 forms part of the pump 22. As Figure 6A shown, other devices or modules including other pumps can be attached to the right side of the pump 22. In such a system, each attached pump represents a pump channel of the entire patient care system 20. In one embodiment, the programming module is used to provide an interface between the pump 22 and an external device and provides most of the operator interface for the pump 22.

[0080] The programming module 60 includes a display 62 that is used to visually convey various information, such as the operating parameters of the pump 22 and alarm indications and alarm messages. Additionally and / or alternatively, the programming module 60 can display one or more patient parameters described herein and the corresponding values for each of the one or more patient parameters to the display 54 and / or the display 64. The programming module 60 can also include a speaker to provide an audible alarm. In this embodiment, the programming module or any other module also has various input devices, the input devices including control keys 64 and a barcode or other scanner or reader for scanning information from electronic data tags related to infusion, patients, caregivers, or others. The programming module also has a communication system (not shown) that can communicate with external devices (such as a medical facility server or other computer) and portable processors (such as a handheld portable digital assistant (Portable Digital Assistant, PDA) or a laptop computer) or other information devices (caregivers may have to transmit information and download the drug reservoir to the programming module or the pump). In some embodiments, the pump 22 can provide input values for each of one or more patient parameters to the adjustment engine 110, and the adjustment engine 110 can in turn determine or adjust the default values of subsequent patient parameters based on one or more of the previous input values of the one or more patient parameters. In some embodiments, the programming module 60 can communicate with the adjustment engine 110, include the adjustment engine 110, or implement the features of the adjustment engine 110 described herein.

[0081] The communication system can take the form of a radio frequency (RF) system, an optical system such as infrared, a Bluetooth system, or other wired or wireless systems. Alternatively, a barcode scanner and a communication system can be included integrally with the pump 22, for example, without using the programming module or in addition to using the modules of the programming module. In addition, the information input device does not need to be hard-wired to the medical instrument, and the information can also be transmitted through a wireless connection.

[0082] Figure 6B Includes a second pump 26 connected to the programming module 60. AsFigure 6A As shown, more pump modules can be connected. Additionally, other types of modules can be connected to the pump module or the programming module. In such an implementation, the adjustment engine 110 can maintain, determine, adjust, and / or display the value (e.g., default value) of one or more patient parameters for each pump (e.g., pump 22 and pump 26).

[0083] Now turning to Figure 6C , pump 22 is shown in a perspective view with the front door 50 open, Figure 6C showing the upstream fluid line 30 and the downstream fluid line 31 operably engaged with pump 22. Pump 22 acts directly on a conduit 66 (also referred to as a pump section) that connects the upstream fluid line 30 to the downstream fluid line 31 to form a continuous fluid conduit that extends from a respective fluid supply 38 ( Figure 6A ) to the patient 48, through which the pump acts on the fluid to move the fluid downstream to the patient. Specifically, the pumping mechanism 70 serves as a flow control device for the pump to move the fluid through the conduit. The upstream and downstream fluid lines and / or the conduit 66 can be coupled to a pump cassette or a pump barrel configured to be coupled to pump 22, such as the type described in pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 13 / 827,775, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0084] The type of pumping mechanism can vary and, for example, can be a multi-finger pumping mechanism. For example, the pumping mechanism can be of the "four-finger" type and include an upstream occlusion finger 72, a main pumping finger 74, a downstream occlusion finger 76, and a secondary pumping finger 78. The "four-finger" pumping mechanism and the mechanisms utilized in other linear peristaltic pumps operate by sequentially pressing a section of the fluid conduit by means of a cam following the pumping fingers and valve fingers 72, 74, 76, and 78. Pressure is applied at sequential positions on the conduit working from the upstream end to the downstream end of the pumping mechanism. At least one finger is always pressed hard enough to occlude the conduit. As a practical matter, a finger does not retract from occluding the conduit until the next finger in the sequence has occluded the conduit; thus, there is never a direct fluid path from the fluid supply to the patient. The operation of a peristaltic pump including a four-finger pump is well known to those skilled in the art and no further operational details are provided here.

[0085] In this particular embodiment, Figure 6C a downstream pressure sensor 82 is further shown at a downstream position relative to the pumping mechanism included in pump 22. The downstream pressure sensor 82 is mounted to the flow control device 70 and is located adjacent to and downstream of the flow control device. The downstream pressure sensor is located downstream of the flow control device, i.e., at the patient 48 ( Figure 6A) and at a position between the flow control device so that the correct connection of the fluid supply to the correct pump can be verified before any fluid is pumped to the patient.

[0086] Still referring to Figure 6C , the upstream pressure sensor 80 may also be included in the pump 22. The upstream pressure sensor is assigned to the flow control device or the pumping mechanism 70 and, in this embodiment, is further provided as an integral part of the pump 22. The upstream pressure sensor is mounted to the flow control device 70 and is located adjacent to and upstream of the flow control device. The upstream pressure sensor is located upstream of the flow control device, i.e., at a position between the fluid supply 38 ( Figure 6A ) and the flow control device so that the correct connection of the fluid supply to the correct pump can be verified before any fluid is pumped to the patient. In an implementation where the source is a syringe, the flow control device 70 may be configured to press the plunger of the syringe to provide an infusion according to the programmed parameters.

[0087] One or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein may be implemented by digital circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially designed ASICs, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various aspects or features may include implementations employing one or more computer programs executable and / or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be for a specific or general purpose, the programmable processor being coupled to a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, the storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. The programmable system or computing system may include a client and a server. The client and the server are remote from each other and typically interact via a communication network. The relationship between the client and the server is created by computer programs running on respective computers and having a mutual client-server relationship.

[0088] These computer programs may also be referred to as programs, software, software applications, applications, components, or code, and these computer programs include machine instructions for a programmable processor and can be implemented in a high-level programming language, and / or an object-oriented programming language, and / or an assembly / machine language. As used herein, for example, the term "machine-readable medium" refers to any computer program product, apparatus, and / or device for providing machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a memory, and a programmable logic device (PLD), including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal. The term "machine-readable signal" refers to any signal for providing machine instructions and / or data to a programmable processor. The machine-readable medium may store such machine instructions non-volatilely. For example, such a machine-readable medium is a non-volatile solid-state memory or a magnetic hard disk drive or any equivalent storage medium. Alternatively or additionally, the machine-readable medium may store such machine instructions in a transient manner. For example, such a machine-readable medium is a cache memory of a processor or other random access memory associated with one or more physical processor cores.

[0089] To provide for interaction with a user, one or more aspects or features of the subject matter described herein may be implemented on a computer having a display device, a keyboard, and a pointing device, such as the display device being a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), or a light emitting diode (LED) monitor for displaying information to the user, and the keyboard and the pointing device being a mouse or a trackball, by means of which the user may provide input to the computer. Other types of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with the user. For example, the feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback, such as visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback, and the input received from the user may be in any form, any form including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. Other possible input devices include a touch screen or other touch-sensitive devices, such as a single-point or multi-point resistive or capacitive touchpad, speech recognition hardware and software, an optical scanner, an optical pointer, a digital image capture device, and associated interpretation software, etc.

[0090] In the above description and claims, phrases such as "at least one" or "one or more" may appear after a list of elements or features. The term "and / or" may also appear in a list of two or more elements or features. Unless implicitly or explicitly contradicted by the context in which it is used, such phrases are intended to mean any of the individually recited elements or features, or any combination of any of the recited elements or features with any other of the recited elements or features. For example, the phrases "at least one of A and B", "one or more of A and B", and "A and / or B" are each intended to mean "A alone, B alone, or A and B together". Similar interpretations are intended for lists that include three or more items. For example, the phrases "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, and / or C" are each intended to mean "A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A and B and C together". The term "based on" as used above or in the claims is intended to mean "at least partially based on", such that features or elements not recited are also permitted.

[0091] As used herein, a "user interface" (also referred to as an interactive user interface, graphical user interface, or UI) may refer to a web-based interface that includes data fields and / or other control elements for receiving input signals or providing electronic information and / or for providing information to a user in response to any received input signal. The control elements may include dials, buttons, icons, selectable areas, or other perceptible markers presented via the UI that, when interacted with (e.g., clicked, touched, selected, etc.) by the UI, initiate a data exchange with the device presenting the UI. Technologies such as hyper-text mark-up language (HTML), FLASH TM , JAVA TM ,.NET TM , web services, or rich site summary (RSS) may be used in whole or in part to implement the UI. In some implementations, the UI may be included in a stand-alone client (e.g., a thick client, a fat client) that is configured to communicate (e.g., send or receive data) according to one or more of the described aspects. The communication may be between the medical device or server with which it communicates.

[0092] As used herein, the term "automatically" may include being performed by a computer or machine without user intervention, e.g., by a computer or machine or other initiating mechanism in response to instructions for a predicate action.

[0093] As used herein, the term "determined" or "determining" encompasses a variety of actions. For example, "determining" can include reckoning, computing, processing, deriving, generating, obtaining, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc. via a hardware component without user intervention. Additionally, "determining" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc. via a hardware component without user intervention. "Determining" can include parsing, picking, selecting, establishing, etc. via a hardware component without user intervention.

[0094] The subject matter described herein may be implemented in a system, apparatus, method, and / or article of manufacture in accordance with the desired configuration. The implementations set forth in the foregoing description do not represent all implementations consistent with the subject matter described herein. On the contrary, they are only some examples consistent with aspects of the described subject matter. Although some variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible. Specifically, additional features and / or variations may be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, the above-described implementations may relate to various combinations and sub-combinations of the disclosed features, and / or combinations and sub-combinations of several additional features disclosed above. Further, the logical flows depicted in the figures and / or described herein need not require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve the desired result. Other implementations are also within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An automatic safety adjustment system, which comprises: a display that presents one or more patient parameters of an infusion device configured to deliver a drug to a patient; at least one data processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one data processor, cause operations including: presenting a first patient parameter and a second patient parameter of one or more patient parameters on a display of the infusion device; receiving a first input via a user interface of the display, the first input including a first value of the first patient parameter; determining a default value of the second patient parameter based on the received first value of the first patient parameter, wherein the determining includes retrieving the default value of the second patient parameter from a data memory communicating with the display; presenting the determined default value of the second patient parameter and the received first value of the first patient parameter on the display of the infusion device; receiving a second input via the user interface, the second input including a second value of the second patient parameter, the second value being an adjustment of the presented default value of the second patient parameter to an actual value of the second patient parameter, the actual value being an accurate representation of the second patient parameter; determining a drug dose to be delivered to the patient based on the first value and the second value; and delivering the drug to the patient in the determined dose.

2. The automatic safety adjustment system according to claim 1, wherein the first patient parameter is the patient's age, and wherein the second patient parameter is the patient's height.

3. The automatic safety adjustment system according to claim 2, wherein compared with a predetermined default value of the patient's height without the first value of the received patient's age, the default value of the patient's height determined based on the first value of the received patient's age is closer to the second value of the received patient's height.

4. The automatic safety adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein determining the default value of the second patient parameter further includes: retrieving the default value of the second patient parameter from a data table stored in a data memory communicating with the display, the data table including one or more default values corresponding to each patient parameter of one or more patient parameters.

5. The automatic safety adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operations further include: presenting a first default value of the first patient parameter on the display before receiving the first input via the user interface, wherein the first value of the first patient parameter is lower than the first default value of the first patient parameter, and wherein the default value of the second patient parameter is lower than a second default value of the second patient parameter corresponding to the first default value of the first patient parameter.

6. The automatic safety adjustment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operations further include: presenting a third patient parameter of one or more patient parameters on the display of the infusion device; determining a third default value of the third patient parameter based on one or more of the received first value of the first patient parameter and the received second value of the second patient parameter; and presenting the determined third default value of the third patient parameter on the display of the infusion device.

7. The automatic safety adjustment system according to claim 6, wherein, the operation further includes: receiving a third input via a user interface, the third input including a third value of a third patient parameter, the third value being an adjustment of a third default value of the third parameter and being an accurate representation of the third patient parameter.

8. The automatic safety adjustment system according to claim 7, wherein, the first patient parameter is the patient's age, wherein the second patient parameter is the patient's height, and wherein the third patient parameter is the patient's weight.

9. A computer-implemented method, which includes: presenting, on a display of an infusion device, a first patient parameter and a second patient parameter of one or more patient parameters, the infusion device being configured to deliver a drug to a patient; receiving a first input via a user interface of the display, the first input including a first value of the first patient parameter; determining a default value of the second patient parameter based on the received first value of the first patient parameter, wherein the determining includes retrieving the default value of the second patient parameter from a data memory communicating with the display; presenting the determined default value of the second patient parameter and the received first value of the first patient parameter on the display of the infusion device; receiving a second input via the user interface, the second input including a second value of the second patient parameter, the second value being an adjustment of the presented default value of the second patient parameter to an actual value of the second patient parameter, the actual value being an accurate representation of the second patient parameter; determining a drug dose to be delivered to the patient based on the first value and the second value; and delivering the drug to the patient at the determined dose.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, the first patient parameter is the patient's age, and wherein the second patient parameter is the patient's height.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, compared with a predetermined default value of the patient's height without the first value of the received patient's age, the default value of the patient's height determined based on the first value of the received patient's age is closer to the second value of the received patient's height.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein, determining the default value of the second patient parameter further includes: retrieving the default value of the second patient parameter from a data table stored in a data memory communicating with the display, the data table including one or more default values corresponding to each patient parameter of one or more patient parameters.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, further includes: before receiving the first input, presenting a first default value of the first patient parameter on the display, wherein the first value of the first patient parameter is lower than the first default value of the first patient parameter, and wherein the default value of the second patient parameter is lower than a second default value of the second patient parameter corresponding to the first default value of the first patient parameter.

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, further includes: presenting a third patient parameter of one or more patient parameters on the display of the infusion device; Determine a third default value of a third patient parameter based on one or more of a first value of a received first patient parameter and a second value of a received second patient parameter; And Present the determined third default value of the third patient parameter on a display of an infusion device.

15. The method according to claim 13, further Comprising: Receiving a third input, the third input including a third value of a third patient parameter, the third value being an adjustment to the third default value of the third parameter and being an accurate representation of the third patient parameter.

16. The method according to claim 15, Wherein, The first patient parameter is the patient's age, the second patient parameter is the patient's height, and the third patient parameter is the patient's weight.

17. A non - volatile computer - readable storage medium comprising program code which, when executed by at least one data processor, causes operations comprising: Present on a display of an infusion device a first patient parameter and a second patient parameter of one or more patient parameters, the infusion device being configured to deliver a drug to a patient; Receive a first input via a user interface of the display, the first input including a first value of the first patient parameter; Determine a default value of a second patient parameter based on the received first value of the first patient parameter, wherein the determination includes retrieving the default value of the second patient parameter from a data memory in communication with the display; Present on the display of the infusion device the determined default value of the second patient parameter and the received first value of the first patient parameter; Receive a second input via the user interface, the second input including a second value of the second patient parameter, the second value being an adjustment of the presented default value of the second patient parameter to an actual value of the second patient parameter, the actual value being an accurate representation of the second patient parameter; Determine a drug dose to be delivered to the patient based on the first value and the second value; and Deliver the drug to the patient at the determined dose.

18. An automatic safety adjustment device, which Comprises: Means for presenting on a display of an infusion device a first patient parameter and a second patient parameter of one or more patient parameters, the infusion device being configured to deliver a drug to a patient; Means for receiving a first input via a user interface of the display, the first input including a first value of the first patient parameter; Means for determining a default value of a second patient parameter based on the received first value of the first patient parameter by retrieving the default value of the second patient parameter from a data memory in communication with the display; Means for presenting on the display of the infusion device the determined default value of the second patient parameter and the received first value of the first patient parameter; And Means for receiving a second input via the user interface, the second input including a second value of the second patient parameter, the second value being an adjustment of the presented default value of the second patient parameter to an actual value of the second patient parameter, the actual value being an accurate representation of the second patient parameter; Means for determining a drug dose to be delivered to the patient based on the first value and the second value; And Means for delivering the drug to the patient at the determined dose.

19. The automatic safety adjustment device according to claim 18, further comprising means for performing the method of any one of claims 9 to 16.

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