Power battery protection system and electric vehicle

Abstract

The present invention provides a power battery protection system and an electric vehicle, which relates to the technical field of electric vehicles. The power battery protection system includes: a heat exchange component, which is arranged inside the power battery; a heat exchange source, which is connected to the heat exchange component through a pipeline; a spray component, which is arranged above the heat dissipation element of the power battery; a reversing valve, which is arranged on the pipeline connecting the heat exchange source to the heat exchange component, and is connected to the spray component through the pipeline; wherein the reversing valve includes a first state and a second state; in the first state, the heat exchange source is connected to the heat exchange component, and the heat exchange source outputs a heat exchange medium to the heat exchange component; in the second state, the spray component is respectively connected to the heat exchange component and the heat exchange source, and the heat exchange source and the heat exchange component can output cooling liquid to the spray component. The solution of the present invention saves space, is light in weight, uses cooling liquid to cool the power battery, reduces costs, optimizes the thermal runaway protection performance of the power battery, and ensures the safety of electric vehicles and personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular relates to a power battery protection system and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] At present, in order to improve the battery energy density, the power batteries of electric vehicles mostly use high energy density cells, but the probability of thermal runaway and the severity of failure of such cells are high. The existing power battery protection system generally adopts the addition of cooling materials to suppress the spread of thermal runaway of power battery cells, but this requires a lot of space, is heavy, and the cost of cooling materials is also relatively high. Therefore, a power battery protection system is needed to suppress thermal runaway of cells and prevent damage to electric vehicles and personnel. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a power battery protection system and an electric vehicle, so as to solve the problem of thermal runaway of power battery cells in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power battery protection system, including:

[0005] A heat exchange component is arranged inside the power battery;

[0006] A heat exchange source connected to the heat exchange component through a pipeline;

[0007] A spray assembly is arranged above the heat dissipation element of the power battery;

[0008] A reversing valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the heat exchange source to the heat exchange component, and is connected to the spray component through the pipeline;

[0009] Wherein, the reversing valve includes a first state and a second state; in the first state, the heat exchange source is connected to the heat exchange component, and the heat exchange source outputs heat exchange medium to the heat exchange component; in the second state, the spray component is respectively connected to the heat exchange component and the heat exchange source, and the heat exchange source and the heat exchange component can output cooling liquid to the spray component.

[0010] Optionally, the control end of the reversing valve is connected to the interior of the power battery through a pipeline;

[0011] When the pressure inside the power battery is greater than a preset value, the control end is triggered and the reversing valve switches from the first state to the second state.

[0012] Optionally, the reversing valve is a two-position four-way valve.

[0013] Optionally, the two-position four-way valve comprises:

[0014] Four interfaces and three channels;

[0015] Wherein, the first interface is connected to the interior of the power battery through a first pipeline;

[0016] The second interface is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange component through a second pipeline;

[0017] The third interface is connected to the heat exchange source through a third pipeline;

[0018] The fourth interface is connected to the spray assembly through a fourth pipeline;

[0019] In the first state, the second interface is connected to the third interface through the first passage, and the first interface and the fourth interface are closed;

[0020] In the second state, the first interface is communicated with the third interface through the second passage, and the second interface is communicated with the fourth interface through the third passage.

[0021] Optionally, the power battery protection system further includes:

[0022] A one-way valve is arranged on the third pipeline connected from the reversing valve to the heat exchange source, and is used to prevent the cooling liquid in the third pipeline from flowing back into the interior of the power battery.

[0023] Optionally, the power battery protection system further includes:

[0024] A fifth pipeline, wherein the fifth pipeline is connected to the first pipeline and the control end of the reversing valve, and the control end of the reversing valve is connected to the interior of the power battery through the first pipeline and the fifth pipeline.

[0025] Optionally, the power battery protection system further includes:

[0026] A sixth pipeline, the heat exchange source is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange component through the sixth pipeline.

[0027] Optionally, the heat exchange assembly includes a liquid cooling plate.

[0028] Optionally, the heat exchange medium is water.

[0029] Optionally, the heat exchange source includes at least one of the following:

[0030] Heat exchangers and water pumps.

[0031] Optionally, the spray assembly includes a spray plate.

[0032] Another embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric vehicle, comprising the power battery protection system as described above.

[0033] The above technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] In the above scheme, the power battery protection system includes: a heat exchange component, which is arranged inside the power battery; a heat exchange source, which is connected to the heat exchange component through a pipeline; a spray component, which is arranged above the heat dissipation element of the power battery; a reversing valve, which is arranged on the pipeline connecting the heat exchange source to the heat exchange component, and is connected to the spray component through a pipeline; wherein the reversing valve includes a first state and a second state; in the first state, the heat exchange source is connected to the heat exchange component, and the heat exchange source outputs heat exchange medium to the heat exchange component; in the second state, the spray component is respectively connected to the heat exchange component and the heat exchange source, and when the power battery cell thermal runaway occurs, by switching the working state of the reversing valve, the heat exchange source and the heat exchange component can output cooling liquid to the spray component, and the spray component sprays cooling liquid to the heat dissipation element to suppress the spread of thermal runaway and ensure the safety of electric vehicles and personnel. Moreover, the power battery protection system has the advantages of saving space, light weight and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the power battery protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the power battery protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Description of reference numerals:

[0038] 1-heat exchange component; 2-power battery; 3-heat exchange source; 4-spray component; 5-reversing valve; 51-control end; 52-first interface; 53-second interface; 54-third interface; 55-fourth interface; 56-first passage; 57-second passage; 58-third passage; 6-first pipeline; 7-second pipeline; 8-third pipeline; 9-fourth pipeline; 10-one-way valve; 11-fifth pipeline; 12-sixth pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention provide a power battery protection system and an electric vehicle in order to solve the problem of thermal runaway of power battery cells in the prior art.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power battery protection system, including:

[0042] The heat exchange component 1 is arranged inside the power battery 2;

[0043] A heat exchange source 3 connected to the heat exchange component 1 through a pipeline;

[0044] The spray assembly 4 is arranged above the heat dissipation element of the power battery 2;

[0045] The reversing valve 5 is arranged on the pipeline connecting the heat exchange source 3 to the heat exchange component 1, and is connected to the spray component 4 through the pipeline;

[0046] Among them, the reversing valve 5 includes a first state and a second state; in the first state, the heat exchange source 3 is connected to the heat exchange component 1, and the heat exchange source 3 outputs heat exchange medium to the heat exchange component 1; in the second state, the spray component 4 is respectively connected to the heat exchange component 1 and the heat exchange source 3, and the heat exchange source 3 and the heat exchange component 1 can output cooling liquid to the spray component 4.

[0047] In the power battery protection system of the embodiment of the present invention, when the power battery 2 has a cell thermal runaway, by switching the working state of the reversing valve 5, the heat exchange source 3 and the heat exchange component 1 can output cooling liquid to the spray component 4, so that the spray component 4 sprays cooling liquid to the heat dissipation element to cool it down, inhibits the spread of thermal runaway, and ensures the safety of the electric vehicle and personnel. In addition, the power battery protection system has the advantages of saving space, light weight and low cost.

[0048] Optionally, the heat exchange component 1 is arranged inside the power battery 2, below the battery module. The heat exchange source 3 outputs heat exchange medium to the heat exchange component 1 to heat or cool the battery module, improve the working environment temperature of the power battery 2, avoid the working environment temperature being too high or too low, and maintain it in a suitable working environment. For example, when the working environment temperature of the battery module is too high, the heat exchange source 3 cools down the heat exchange medium and outputs cooling liquid; and when the working environment temperature of the battery module is too low, the heat exchange source 3 heats up the heat exchange medium and outputs high-temperature liquid.

[0049] Optionally, the spray assembly 4 is disposed inside the power battery 2 and above a battery module. Here, the element to be cooled is a battery module.

[0050] Optionally, the spray assembly is arranged outside the power battery 2, above the battery box cover. Here, the element to be cooled is the battery box cover.

[0051] Specifically, the control end 51 of the reversing valve 5 is connected to the interior of the power battery 2 through a pipeline;

[0052] When the pressure inside the power battery 2 is greater than a preset value, the control terminal 51 is triggered, and the reversing valve 5 is switched from the first state to the second state.

[0053] It should be noted that the control end 51 of the reversing valve 5 is pneumatically triggered. When the power battery 2 experiences thermal runaway, the internal pressure increases, triggering the control end 51, and the reversing valve 5 switches from the first state to the second state.

[0054] Optionally, the control end 51 of the reversing valve 5 adopts an electromagnetic triggering method, and a sensor can be set inside the power battery 2. A temperature sensor or a pressure sensor can be used here. When thermal runaway of the power battery 2 occurs, the sensor is triggered to send an electromagnetic signal. After receiving the electromagnetic signal, the control end 51 is triggered, and the reversing valve 5 switches from the first state to the second state.

[0055] Preferably, the reversing valve 5 is a two-position four-way valve.

[0056] Furthermore, the two-position four-way valve comprises:

[0057] Four interfaces and three channels;

[0058] The first interface 52 is connected to the interior of the power battery 2 through the first pipeline 6;

[0059] The second interface 53 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange component 1 through the second pipeline 7;

[0060] The third interface 54 is connected to the heat exchange source 3 through the third pipeline 8;

[0061] The fourth interface 55 is connected to the spray assembly 4 through the fourth pipeline 9;

[0062] In the first state, the second interface 53 is connected to the third interface 54 through the first passage 56, and the first interface 52 and the fourth interface 55 are closed;

[0063] In the second state, the first interface 52 is communicated with the third interface 54 through the second passage 57 , and the second interface 53 is communicated with the fourth interface 55 through the third passage 58 .

[0064] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the power battery protection system further includes:

[0065] The one-way valve 10 is arranged on the third pipeline 8 connected from the reversing valve 5 to the heat exchange source 3 , and is used to prevent the cooling liquid in the third pipeline 8 from flowing back into the interior of the power battery 2 .

[0066] It should be noted that after the power battery 2 has a thermal runaway, the battery will spray gas at intervals. When the battery sprays gas, the pressure rises. Due to the pressure, the cooling liquid in the pipeline will flow to the spray assembly 4 for spraying; when the battery stops spraying gas, the pressure drops, which will cause the gas or heat exchange medium in the pipeline to flow back to the inside of the power battery 2. Therefore, a one-way valve 10 is used to prevent the cooling liquid in the third pipeline 8 from flowing back to the inside of the power battery 2. In addition, when the battery stops spraying gas, the pressure drops, and the cooling liquid in the pipeline will not flow to the spray assembly 4 for spraying, avoiding waste caused by arbitrary spraying of cooling liquid.

[0067] Specifically, the power battery protection system also includes:

[0068] The fifth pipeline 11 is connected to the first pipeline 6 and the control end 51 of the reversing valve 5 . The control end 51 of the reversing valve 5 is connected to the interior of the power battery 2 through the first pipeline 6 and the fifth pipeline 11 .

[0069] Furthermore, the power battery protection system also includes:

[0070] The sixth pipeline 12 , the heat exchange source 3 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange component 1 through the sixth pipeline 12 .

[0071] It should be noted that if Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the power battery protection system of the present invention is described when the power battery 2 does not have thermal runaway of the battery cell:

[0072] When the power battery 2 does not have thermal runaway, the reversing valve 5 is in the first state, the first interface 52 and the fourth interface 55 are closed, and the second interface 53 is connected to the third interface 54 through the first passage 56. The flow path of the heat exchange medium is: the outlet of the heat exchange component 1, the second pipeline 7, the second interface 53, the first passage 56, the third interface 54, the third pipeline 8, the one-way valve 10, the third pipeline 8, the heat exchange source 3, the sixth pipeline 12 and the inlet of the heat exchange component 1. The heat exchange medium is driven by the heat exchange source 3 to circulate in the above flow path.

[0073] It should also be noted that if Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the power battery protection system of the present invention is described when the power battery 2 has a thermal runaway of the battery cell:

[0074] When the power battery 2 experiences thermal runaway, the battery ejects gas, the pressure inside the power battery 2 is greater than the preset value, the control end 51 of the reversing valve is triggered, the reversing valve 5 switches from the first state to the second state, the first interface 52 is connected to the third interface 54 through the second passage 56, and the second interface 53 is connected to the fourth interface 55 through the third passage 58. The battery ejects gas, the pressure rises, the gas enters the first pipeline 6 through the first interface 52, the second passage 57 to the third interface 54, thereby promoting the cooling liquid in the third pipeline 8 to flow, and the flow path is: the one-way valve 10, the third pipeline 8, the heat exchange source 3, the sixth pipeline 12, the inlet of the heat exchange component 1, the heat exchange component 1, the outlet of the heat exchange component 1, the second pipeline 7, the second interface 53, the third passage 58, the fourth interface 55, the fourth pipeline 9 and the spray component 4. The gas sprayed from the battery cell pushes the cooling liquid to flow to the spray assembly 4, and the spray assembly 4 sprays the heat dissipation component to cool it down, thereby suppressing the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cell and avoiding threats to the safety of the electric vehicle and personnel.

[0075] Preferably, the heat exchange component 1 includes a liquid cooling plate.

[0076] It should be noted that the liquid cooling plate is provided with a liquid cooling pipeline, which can store heat exchange medium for heating or cooling the battery module. The heat exchange medium inside the liquid cooling plate is used to optimize the protection performance of the power battery.

[0077] Preferably, the heat exchange medium is water.

[0078] It should be noted that, since water has a large specific heat capacity, water can be used as a heat exchange medium to increase the heat exchange intensity.

[0079] Preferably, the heat exchange source 3 includes at least one of the following:

[0080] Heat exchangers and water pumps.

[0081] It should be noted that the heat exchange source 3 also includes a water tank, which is used to store water. The water is heated by a heat exchanger to become a high-temperature liquid, or the water is cooled to become a cooling liquid, and power output is provided by a water pump.

[0082] Preferably, the spray assembly 4 includes a spray plate.

[0083] It should be noted that the spray assembly 4 also includes other components that can output cooling liquid to the heat dissipation element, which is not limited here.

[0084] Another embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric vehicle, comprising the power battery protection system as described in any one of the above items.

[0085] It should be noted that the electric vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the power battery protection system as described above, which optimizes the protection performance. When the battery cell sprays gas due to thermal runaway, the working state of the reversing valve 5 is switched to push the cooling liquid to flow to the spray assembly 4, spraying the cooling liquid to the components to be cooled, thereby suppressing the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cell, extending the rescue time, and ensuring the safety of the electric vehicle and personnel.

[0086] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power battery protection system, It is characterized in that include: A heat exchange component (1) is arranged inside the power battery (2); A heat exchange source (3) connected to the heat exchange component (1) via a pipeline; A spray assembly (4) is arranged above the heat dissipation element of the power battery (2); A reversing valve (5), which is arranged on a pipeline connecting the heat exchange source (3) to the heat exchange component (1), and is connected to the spray component (4) through the pipeline; The reversing valve (5) comprises a first state and a second state; in the first state, the heat exchange source (3) is connected to the heat exchange component (1), and the heat exchange source (3) outputs heat exchange medium to the heat exchange component (1); in the second state, the spray component (4) is connected to the heat exchange component (1) and the heat exchange source (3), respectively, and the heat exchange source (3) and the heat exchange component (1) can output cooling liquid to the spray component (4); The reversing valve is a two-position four-way valve, and the two-position four-way valve comprises: Four interfaces and three channels; The first interface (52) is connected to the interior of the power battery (2) through a first pipeline (6); The second interface (53) is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange component (1) through a second pipeline (7); The third interface (54) is connected to the heat exchange source (3) through a third pipeline (8); The fourth interface (55) is connected to the spray assembly (4) via a fourth pipeline (9); In the first state, the second interface (53) is connected to the third interface (54) through the first passage (56), and the first interface (52) and the fourth interface (55) are closed; In the second state, the first interface (52) is communicated with the third interface (54) through the second passage (57), and the second interface (53) is communicated with the fourth interface (55) through the third passage (58).

2. The power battery protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The control end (51) of the reversing valve (5) is connected to the interior of the power battery (2) through a pipeline; When the pressure inside the power battery (2) is greater than a preset value, the control end (51) is triggered and the reversing valve (5) switches from the first state to the second state.

3. The power battery protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Also includes: A one-way valve (10), the one-way valve (10) being arranged on a third pipeline (8) connected from the reversing valve (5) to the heat exchange source (3), and being used to prevent the cooling liquid in the third pipeline (8) from flowing back into the interior of the power battery (2).

4. The power battery protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Also includes: A fifth pipeline (11), the fifth pipeline (11) being connected to the first pipeline (6) and the control end (51) of the reversing valve (5), and the control end (51) of the reversing valve (5) being connected to the interior of the power battery (2) through the first pipeline (6) and the fifth pipeline (11).

5. The power battery protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Also includes: A sixth pipeline (12), the heat exchange source (3) is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange component (1) through the sixth pipeline (12).

6. The power battery protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The heat exchange component (1) comprises a liquid cooling plate.

7. The power battery protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The heat exchange medium is water.

8. The power battery protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The heat exchange source (3) includes at least one of the following: Heat exchangers and water pumps.

9. The power battery protection system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The spray assembly (4) comprises a spray plate.

10. An electric vehicle, It is characterized in that Comprising a power battery protection system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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