A non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method, in which the stopes are arranged along the direction of the ore body, no pillars are left between the stopes, and the stopes are mined and filled in layers from bottom to top. A cantilevered tunneling machine is used for route cutting and ore dropping for mining in the layers. The route is cyclically mined layer by layer from outside to inside on the stope layer plane. During the mining process, trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mine, and the route is filled in sections. The present invention adopts a non-explosive mechanical cutting and ore dropping method for mining, which has the advantages of safe mining operation, high efficiency, and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of underground mining and relates to a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method, which is particularly suitable for mining of ore bodies with low rock hardness. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main method of mining in metal and non-metal hard rock mines is drilling and blasting. Rock drilling equipment is used to construct various types of blastholes, and detonators and explosives are loaded into the blastholes to blast the ore. The collapsed ore is then removed by shovel loaders and other mining equipment. Practice has shown that the traditional drilling and blasting method has the following main disadvantages: (1) The drilling and blasting method uses explosives and detonators to blast the ore, which has poor safety. On the one hand, pyrotechnics themselves have safety hazards. On the other hand, after the blasting of explosives, a large amount of toxic and harmful gases will be produced, and at the same time, irreversible damage will be caused to the surrounding rock mass, affecting the stability of the mining area or tunnel. (2) The drilling, blasting, and mining operations of the drilling and blasting method are scattered and discontinuous, and the production management is complex and inefficient, which is not conducive to the realization of automation and intelligence. (3) The labor intensity of workers in the drilling and blasting method is relatively high and the working environment is poor.

[0003] Non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and mining is a new mining process that has emerged in recent years with the advancement of equipment. Compared with traditional drilling and blasting methods, non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and mining have significant advantages in safety, cost and efficiency. (1) Non-explosive mechanical rock breaking uses mechanical cutting to remove ore. During the production process, no explosives or other pyrotechnics are used, no toxic or harmful gases are generated, and mechanical cutting causes little damage to the surrounding rock mass. The overall operation safety is greatly improved compared to the drilling and blasting method. (2) The comprehensive mining cost of non-explosive mechanical rock breaking is lower than that of traditional drilling and blasting methods. (3) The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and mining process is simple and continuous, with a high degree of mechanization, which is conducive to the realization of automation and intelligence. Therefore, it also has advantages over the drilling and blasting method in terms of production capacity and efficiency.

[0004] In general, non-explosive mechanical rock-breaking mining will fundamentally improve the safety of metal underground mine operations and enhance the overall economic and environmental benefits of mining. Currently, non-explosive mechanical mining of soft rock such as coal has been widely used and has achieved industrial production.

[0005] Combined with the actual mining technical conditions of underground metal mines, the cantilevered tunnel boring machine among non-explosive mechanical rock breaking equipment is more suitable for mining operations. However, the size and weight of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine are larger and heavier than the equipment such as scrapers and rock drilling trolleys currently used in metal underground mines, and the walking method is more "clumsy". How to create conditions for the cantilevered tunnel boring machine to operate more efficiently during the mining operation is the key to exerting its efficiency.

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method, which aims to solve the problems of poor safety, poor operation continuity, high labor intensity, poor working environment, etc. in the traditional drilling and blasting method of hard rock metal mines. At the same time, through innovation in engineering layout, the efficiency of the cantilever tunneling machine is fully utilized. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method:

[0008] A non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step a: The stopes are divided and arranged along the direction of the ore body without leaving any pillars between the stopes;

[0010] Step b, the mining and cutting engineering is constructed, the middle section transport tunnel, ramp, segmented transport tunnel, ore chute and filling return air shaft are constructed in the lower wall of the ore body, and the mining field connecting road is constructed from the segmented transport tunnel to the ore body at both ends of the mining field to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body and expanded to form the tunnel for adjusting the attitude of the tunnel boring machine. The size of the tunnel for adjusting the attitude of the tunnel boring machine meets the requirements of the cantilever tunnel boring machine rotating on the spot. Between the mining field connecting tunnels, the segmented transport tunnel is constructed to the filling transport tunnel to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body;

[0011] Step c, the mining field is mined and filled in layers from bottom to top, and a cantilevered roadheader is used to cut and mine in the layers. The route is cyclically mined layer by layer from outside to inside on the mining field layer plane. During mining, the cantilevered roadheader enters the roadheader posture adjustment chamber from one side of the mining field connecting road, rotates and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body at the boundary of the lower plate of the ore body, and then starts to dig forward and cut and mine to the other side of the roadheader posture adjustment chamber, and then the roadheader posture adjustment chamber drives to the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body, turns around and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body, and then continues to dig forward and cut and mine, and the cycle is repeated until the mining of the layered ore body in the mining field is completed. During the mining process, trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mine out, and the route is filled in different areas, that is, every time the cantilevered roadheader passes through a filling and transportation joint tunnel, the roadheader that has been mined at the tail of the cantilevered roadheader is immediately filled and topped;

[0012] Step d. After the completion of stratified mining, the cantilevered tunnel boring machine drives out of the mining area from the mining area connecting road on one side, and fills and connects the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chambers on both sides of the mining area. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, the layer is switched to start the mining of the previous layer. When the mining area is switched, the mining area connecting road and the filling and transportation connecting tunnel are driven by top pressing to the designed elevation of the previous layer, and the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber is expanded and formed. Then, the mining of the layer is carried out according to step c, and this cycle is repeated until the mining of the entire mining area is completed.

[0013] Furthermore, the length of the mining area along the strike is determined according to the mine production capacity requirements and the comprehensive production capacity of the mining area, the width is the thickness of the ore body, the layer height and access specifications are determined according to the quality of the ore rock mass and the cutting range of the cantilever tunneling machine, and the distance between the filling and transportation tunnels is determined according to the quality of the ore rock mass and the flow characteristics of the filling slurry.

[0014] Furthermore, the size of the tunnel boring machine attitude chamber is determined according to the size of the cantilever tunnel boring machine equipment and the requirements for the walking and turning space dimensions. The top plate and both sides of the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber are supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor cables, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete. The mining site access is supported by anchor rods and hanging nets according to the stability of the ore body.

[0015] Furthermore, the trackless mining transport equipment is a mining truck or a scraper.

[0016] Furthermore, the filling pipeline enters the mining area through the upper and middle filling return air lanes and the filling return air skylight, and the mining area access road is filled with cemented filling body.

[0017] Furthermore, when the mine is being mined, the fresh air in the segmented transport tunnel flows into the mine through the mine connecting road or the filling transport tunnel, and the polluted air washing the mine is merged into the upper and middle filling return air tunnels through the filling return air skylight. At the same time, the mining operation face is equipped with ventilation and dust removal fans for dust removal.

[0018] Preferably, the length of the stope along the strike is 300-500 m, and the distance between the filling and transport tunnels is 30-60 m.

[0019] Preferably, the anchor cable and anchor rod are made of fiberglass that is resistant to tension but not shearing.

[0020] Beneficial Effects

[0021] Compared with the existing technologies and methods, the non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) Non-explosive mechanical rock breaking uses mechanical cutting to remove ore. During the production process, no explosives or other pyrotechnics are used, and no toxic or harmful gases are generated. Mechanical cutting causes little damage to the surrounding rock mass, and the overall operation safety is greatly improved compared to the drilling and blasting method.

[0023] (2) The comprehensive recovery cost of non-explosive mechanical rock breaking is lower than that of traditional drilling and blasting methods.

[0024] (3) The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and recovery operation process is simple and continuous, with a high degree of mechanization, which is conducive to the realization of automation and intelligence. Therefore, it also has advantages over the drilling and blasting method in terms of production capacity and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a front view of a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A top view of a front view of a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A side view of a front view of a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method provided by the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 1-middle transport tunnel; 2-segmented transport tunnel; 3-mining connecting road; 4-tunneling machine attitude adjustment chamber; 5-anchor cable; 6-ore chute; 7-filling transport tunnel; 8-filling return air shaft; 9-filling body; 10-ore body; 11-cantilevered tunneling machine; 12-cantilevered tunneling machine forward route. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step a: The stopes are divided and arranged along the strike of the ore body without leaving pillars between the stopes. The length of the stopes along the strike is determined according to the production capacity requirements of the mine and the comprehensive production capacity of the stopes, and the width is 10 times the thickness of the ore body. Preferably, the length of the stopes along the strike is 300 to 500 meters, and the distance between the filling and transportation lanes is 30 to 60 meters.

[0033] Step b, construction of the mining and cutting project, forming the middle section transport tunnel 1, ramp, segmented transport tunnel 2, ore chute 6 and filling return air shaft 8 in the lower plate of the ore body 10, constructing the mining field connecting road 3 from the segmented transport tunnel 2 to the ore body 10 at both ends of the mining field to the upper plate boundary of the ore body 10 and expanding and brushing to form the tunnel boring machine posture adjustment chamber 4, the size of the tunnel boring machine posture adjustment chamber 4 meets the requirements of the cantilever tunnel boring machine rotating on the spot, and constructing the filling transport joint tunnel 7 from the segmented transport tunnel 2 to the upper plate boundary of the ore body 10 between the mining field connecting tunnels. The size of the tunnel boring machine posture chamber is determined according to the size of the cantilever tunnel boring machine 11 equipment and the size requirements of the walking and turning space. The top plate and two sides of the tunnel boring machine posture adjustment chamber 4 are supported by anchor cables 5, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete single or combined support methods. The anchor cables 5 and anchor rods are made of fiberglass that is tensile but not shear-resistant. The distance between the filling and transport tunnels 7 is determined according to the quality of the ore body 10 rock mass and the flow characteristics of the filling slurry.

[0034] Step c, the mining field is mined and filled in layers from bottom to top, and the layer height and route specifications are determined according to the quality of the ore rock mass and the cutting range of the cantilevered roadheader 11. The cantilevered roadheader 11 is used for cutting and mining in the layers, and the route is cyclically mined layer by layer from outside to inside on the mining field layer plane. During mining, the cantilevered roadheader 11 enters the roadheader attitude adjustment chamber 4 from the mining field connecting road 3 on one side, rotates and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body 10 at the boundary of the lower plate of the ore body 10, and then starts to dig forward and cut the ore to the other side of the roadheader attitude adjustment chamber 4, and then the roadheader attitude adjustment chamber 4 drives to the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body 10, turns around and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body 10, and then continues to dig forward and cut the ore, and the cycle is repeated until the mining of the layered ore body 10 in the mining field is completed. During the mining process, trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mine, and the trackless mining transportation equipment is a mining truck or a shovel loader. The access road to the mine is supported by anchor rods and hanging nets according to the stability of the ore body 10. The anchor rods are made of fiberglass that is tensile-resistant but not shear-resistant. When the mine is recovered, the fresh air in the segmented transport tunnel 2 flows into the mine through the mine connection road 3 or the filling transport tunnel 7, and the polluted air that washes the mine is collected into the upper middle filling return air tunnel through the filling return air shaft 8. At the same time, the mining operation surface is equipped with a ventilation and dust removal fan for dust removal. The access road is filled in sections, that is, every time the cantilevered tunnel boring machine 11 passes through a filling transport tunnel 7, the access road that has been recovered at the tail of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine 11 is immediately filled and connected to the top. During filling, the filling pipeline enters the mine through the upper middle filling return air tunnel and the filling return air shaft 8, and the mine access road is filled with cemented filling body.

[0035] Step d, after the completion of stratified mining, the cantilevered tunnel boring machine 11 drives out of the mining area from the mining area connecting road 3 on one side, and fills and connects the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber 4 on both sides of the mining area. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, the layer is switched to start the mining of the previous layer. When the mining area is switched, the mining area connecting road 3 and the filling and transportation connecting tunnel 7 both adopt the top pressing excavation method to the designed elevation of the previous layer, expand and brush to form the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber 4, and then carry out the mining of the layer according to step c, and repeat this cycle until the mining of the entire mining area is completed.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step a: The stopes are divided and arranged along the direction of the ore body without leaving any pillars between the stopes; Step b, the mining and cutting engineering is constructed, the middle section transport tunnel, ramp, segmented transport tunnel, ore chute and filling return air shaft are constructed in the lower wall of the ore body, and the mining field connecting road is constructed from the segmented transport tunnel to the ore body at both ends of the mining field to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body and expanded to form the tunnel for adjusting the attitude of the tunnel boring machine. The size of the tunnel for adjusting the attitude of the tunnel boring machine meets the requirements of the cantilever tunnel boring machine rotating on the spot. Between the mining field connecting tunnels, the segmented transport tunnel is constructed to the filling transport tunnel to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body; Step c, the mining field is mined and filled in layers from bottom to top, and a cantilevered roadheader is used to cut and mine in the layers. The route is cyclically mined layer by layer from outside to inside on the mining field layer plane. During mining, the cantilevered roadheader enters the roadheader posture adjustment chamber from one side of the mining field connecting road, rotates and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body at the boundary of the lower plate of the ore body, and then starts to dig forward and cut and mine to the other side of the roadheader posture adjustment chamber, and then the roadheader posture adjustment chamber drives to the boundary of the upper plate of the ore body, turns around and adjusts the machine body to be parallel to the ore body, and then continues to dig forward and cut and mine, and the cycle is repeated until the mining of the layered ore body in the mining field is completed. During the mining process, trackless mining transportation equipment follows the mine out, and the route is filled in different areas, that is, every time the cantilevered roadheader passes through a filling and transportation joint tunnel, the roadheader that has been mined at the tail of the cantilevered roadheader is immediately filled and topped; Step d. After the completion of stratified mining, the cantilevered tunnel boring machine drives out of the mining area from the mining area connecting road on one side, and fills and connects the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chambers on both sides of the mining area. After the filling body is cured to the designed strength, the layer is switched to start the mining of the previous layer. When the mining area is switched, the mining area connecting road and the filling and transportation connecting tunnel are driven by top pressing to the designed elevation of the previous layer, and the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber is expanded and formed. Then, the mining of the layer is carried out according to step c, and this cycle is repeated until the mining of the entire mining area is completed.

2. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The length of the mining area along the strike is determined according to the mine production capacity requirements and the comprehensive production capacity of the mining area, and the width is the thickness of the ore body. The layer height and access specifications are determined according to the quality of the ore rock mass and the cutting range of the cantilever tunneling machine. The distance between the filling and transportation tunnels is determined according to the quality of the ore rock mass and the flow characteristics of the filling slurry.

3. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The size of the tunnel boring machine attitude chamber is determined according to the size of the cantilever tunnel boring machine equipment and the requirements for the walking and turning space dimensions. The top plate and both sides of the tunnel boring machine attitude adjustment chamber are supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor cables, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete. The mining site access is supported by anchor rods and hanging nets according to the stability of the ore body.

4. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The trackless mining transport equipment is a mining truck or a scraper.

5. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The filling pipeline enters the mining area through the upper and middle filling return air lanes and the filling return air skylight, and the mining area access road is filled with cemented filling body.

6. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: When mining is underway, fresh air in the segmented transport tunnel flows into the mining area through the mining area connecting road or the filling transport tunnel. The polluted air that washes the mining area flows into the upper and middle filling return air tunnels through the filling return air skylight. At the same time, the mining operation face is equipped with ventilation and dust removal fans for dust removal.

7. A non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The length of the stope along the strike is 300 to 500 m, and the distance between the filling and transport tunnels is 30 to 60 m.

8. The non-explosive mechanical rock breaking circulation route filling mining method according to claim 3 is characterized by: The anchor cable and anchor rod are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic that is resistant to tension but not shearing.

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