Laminated salient pole overlapping permanent magnet motor

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy electric vehicle motor equipment, and in particular relates to a laminated and superposed salient pole permanent magnet motor with sheet groups. It is characterized by including a machine body, a central shaft penetrating into the inner cavity of the machine body, a rotor arranged on the central shaft, a stator corresponding to this rotor, an arc-shaped iron core, a rectangular permanent magnet, an excitation winding, and a non-magnetic pressing plate arranged in the machine body, a code disk, an inductive normally open switch module. The salient poles of the stator and the rotor adopt sheet group salient poles, and the sheet group salient poles of the rotor are laminated and superposed on the sheet group salient poles of the stator. The sheet teeth of the sheet group salient poles of the stator are inserted into the inter-groove of the sheet group salient poles of the rotor. The radial surfaces of the sheet teeth of the sheet group salient poles of the rotor and the stator are fan-shaped surfaces, and the sheet teeth of the sheet group salient poles of the rotor and the stator are arranged axially. In the present invention, the permanent magnet is not easily demagnetized. The salient poles of the stator and the rotor adopt laminated and superposed sheet group salient poles, with small pulsation and low noise. The electromagnetic field and the permanent magnetic field are superposed to form magnetic flux, and the motor utilizes the magnetic field rate of the permanent magnet highly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy electric vehicle motor equipment, and particularly relates to a laminated and superposed permanent magnet motor with salient poles of sheet groups. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the performance of permanent magnet materials and the development of motor technology, permanent magnet motors have been extremely widely used in various fields of the national economy.

[0003] In the current double salient pole motor, the winding electromagnetic field attracts and pulls the permanent magnetic field to change the magnetic circuit and the series magnetic circuit magnetic flux. The magnetic field utilization rate of the permanent magnet is low, and the motor efficiency cannot reach a higher level. The winding electromagnetic field repels and pushes the permanent magnetic field to change the magnetic circuit and the parallel magnetic circuit magnetic flux has a higher magnetic field utilization rate than that of the permanent magnet where the winding electromagnetic field attracts and pulls the permanent magnetic field to change the series magnetic circuit magnetic flux. However, the magnetic circuit magnetic flux of the air gap between the stator salient pole and the rotor salient pole should be large enough. Otherwise, the air gap magnetic resistance is large, and the magnetic flux diffusing into the surrounding medium will cause serious magnetic circuit leakage flux and deteriorate the motor performance.

[0004] The gap between the rotor salient pole and the stator salient pole should be large enough to ensure that the rotor and the stator do not rub against each other. It is also necessary to ensure that the air gap magnetic resistance between the stator salient pole and the rotor salient pole is not large. Both the stator and the rotor are made of soft magnetic materials with high magnetic permeability and small magnetic resistance. The magnetic permeability of the air medium in the air gap is lower and the magnetic resistance is larger. It is necessary to change the shape of the pole shoe to increase the cross-sectional area of the magnetic circuit in the air gap to ensure that the magnetic circuit magnetic flux of the air gap between the rotor salient pole and the stator salient pole is large enough to achieve a higher efficiency motor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to provide a laminated and superposed permanent magnet motor with salient poles of sheet groups, in which the electromagnetic iron and the permanent magnet are in parallel magnetic circuit magnetic flux, and the salient poles of the stator and the rotor adopt sheet group salient poles. The differential lamination and superposition increase the cross-sectional area of the magnetic circuit in the air gap to increase the magnetic flux, weaken the magnetic circuit leakage flux inside the motor, and at the same time change the magnetic force line distribution to reduce pulsation and noise, so as to solve the problem of low efficiency of the existing motor.

[0006] The purpose of the invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A laminated and superposed permanent magnet motor with salient poles of sheet groups, which is characterized by including a cylindrical body, a front machine cover and a rear machine cover respectively fixed at the front end and the rear end of the body, a central shaft passing through the inner cavity of the body and fixed on the front machine cover and the rear machine cover through bearings, a rotor arranged on the central shaft, a stator corresponding to the rotor, an arc-shaped iron core, a rectangular permanent magnet, an excitation winding and a non-magnetic pressing plate arranged in the body, a code disk arranged on the central shaft of the rear machine cover and rotating synchronously with the rotor, two groups of inductive normally open switch modules arranged on the rear machine cover, and a cover.

[0008] The salient poles of the stator and the rotor adopt laminated salient poles. The laminated salient poles of the rotor are superposed and coincide with those of the stator. The teeth of the laminated salient poles of the stator are inserted into the grooves between the laminated salient poles of the rotor. The radial surfaces of the teeth of the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the stator are fan-shaped surfaces, and the teeth of the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the stator are arranged axially.

[0009] The stator includes A stator, B stator, C stator, and D stator arranged axially along the housing of the machine body.

[0010] The rotor includes A rotor located in the inner cavity of A stator, B rotor located in the inner cavity of B stator, C rotor located in the inner cavity of C stator, and D rotor located in the inner cavity of D stator. The A rotor, B rotor, C rotor, and D rotor are an integral soft magnetic body.

[0011] The exciting winding is wound around the middle groove position of the arc-shaped iron core. In the outer cavity of the stator, the arc-shaped iron core and the rectangular permanent magnet are connected in series to form a loop. The two end pole faces of the arc-shaped iron core are respectively connected to the pole faces of the two rectangular permanent magnets. The side surfaces of the arc-shaped iron core are respectively connected to T-shaped pole shoes. The arc-shaped iron core is fixed to the machine body through the non-magnetic pressing plate and bolts.

[0012] The salient poles of the A rotor, B rotor, C rotor, and D rotor have the same shape and size and equal spacing. The central angle of the concave part of each rotor is twice the central angle of the convex part. The central angles of the salient poles of the A rotor and the B rotor, the central angles of the salient poles of the B rotor and the C rotor, the central angles of the salient poles of the C rotor and the D rotor, and the central angles of the salient poles of the D rotor and the A rotor are all the same.

[0013] In the outer cavities of the A stator, B stator, C stator, and D stator, there are 8, 12, or 16 T-shaped pole shoes respectively that penetrate tightly through the wall square holes into the inner cavity and extend to the grooves of the laminated salient poles of the rotor. The T-shaped pole shoes of the four stators are in one-to-one correspondence and axially aligned.

[0014] The arc radius of the laminated salient poles of the rotor is 1.2 to 2 times the arc radius of the laminated salient poles of the stator. The fan area of the teeth of the laminated salient poles of the stator is 5 to 20 times the arc area of the teeth.

[0015] The number of teeth of the laminated salient poles of the stator and the rotor is between 2 and 30.

[0016] The machine body is connected to an oil inlet pipe and an oil outlet pipe.

[0017] Advantages of the present invention:

[0018] The laminated salient pole overlapping permanent magnet motor of the present invention uses circulating oil cooling and salient pole structure on the stator of the permanent magnet to prevent the permanent magnet from demagnetization, with large torsional force, no dead point, strong starting force. The salient poles of the stator and rotor adopt laminated salient pole overlapping, with small pulsation and low noise. The electromagnetic field and the permanent magnetic field are superposed to form magnetic flux, and the motor has a high magnetic field utilization rate of the permanent magnet, and the motor efficiency is higher than that of the existing motors, saving electric energy. It can be applied to electric vehicles with a long cruising range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 FIG. is a radial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 FIG. is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 FIG. shows the present invention Figure 2 FIG. is a radial view of the flux path of the stator and rotor of the single-phase motor A in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 FIG. shows the present invention Figure 2 FIG. is a radial view of the flux path of the stator and rotor of the single-phase motor B in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 FIG. shows the present invention Figure 2 FIG. is a radial view of the flux path of the stator and rotor of the single-phase motor C in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 FIG. shows the present invention Figure 2 FIG. is a radial view of the flux path of the stator and rotor of the single-phase motor D in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 FIG. shows the present invention Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the code disk and the inductive normally open switch structure in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 FIG. shows the present invention Figure 2 FIG. is an axial cross-sectional view of the laminated salient pole overlapping of the stator B and the rotor B in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0028] As Figure 1-8As shown in the figure, the laminated salient-pole overlapping permanent magnet motor of the present invention is characterized by including a cylindrical body 1 in the shape of a circular cylinder, a front machine cover 2 and a rear machine cover 3 respectively fixed to the front end and the rear end of the body 1, a central shaft 4 passing through the inner cavity of the body 1 and fixed to the front machine cover 2 and the rear machine cover 3 through bearings 5, a rotor arranged on the central shaft 4, a stator corresponding to the rotor, an arc-shaped iron core 16, a rectangular permanent magnet 17, an exciting winding 18 and a non-magnetic pressing plate 19 arranged in the body 1, a code disk 20 arranged on the central shaft 4 of the rear machine cover 3 and rotating synchronously with the rotor, two groups of inductive normally open switch modules 21 arranged on the rear machine cover 3, and a cover 22.

[0029] The salient poles of the stator and the rotor adopt laminated salient poles, and the laminated salient poles of the rotor are laminated and overlapped with the laminated salient poles of the stator. The tooth of the laminated salient pole of the stator is inserted into the groove between the laminated salient poles of the rotor. The radial surface of the tooth of the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the stator is a fan-shaped surface, and the teeth of the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the stator are arranged axially.

[0030] The stator includes an A stator 7, a B stator 8, a C stator 9 and a D stator 10 arranged axially along the casing 6 of the body 1.

[0031] The rotor includes an A rotor 11 located in the inner cavity of the A stator, a B rotor 12 located in the inner cavity of the B stator, a C rotor 13 located in the inner cavity of the C stator, and a D rotor 14 located in the inner cavity of the D stator. The A rotor 11, the B rotor 12, the C rotor 13 and the D rotor 14 are an integral soft magnetic material.

[0032] The exciting winding 18 is wound around the middle groove position of the arc-shaped iron core 16. In the outer cavity of the stator, the arc-shaped iron core 16 and the rectangular permanent magnet 17 are connected in series to form a ring. The two end polar faces of the arc-shaped iron core 16 are respectively connected to the polar faces of two rectangular permanent magnets 17. The side surfaces of the arc-shaped iron core 16 are respectively connected to T-shaped pole shoes 15. The arc-shaped iron core 16 is fixed to the body 1 through the non-magnetic pressing plate 19 and bolts.

[0033] The salient poles of the A rotor 11, the B rotor 12, the C rotor 13 and the D rotor 14 have the same shape and size and equal spacing. The central angle of each concave part of the rotor is twice the central angle of the convex part. The central angles of the salient poles of the A rotor 11 and the B rotor 12, the central angles of the salient poles of the B rotor 12 and the C rotor 13, the central angles of the salient poles of the C rotor 13 and the D rotor 14, and the central angles of the salient poles of the D rotor 13 and the A rotor 11 are all the same.

[0034] In the outer cavities of the described stator A 7, stator B 8, stator C 9, and stator D 10, there are respectively 8, 12, or 16 T-shaped pole shoes 15 that tightly penetrate through the wall square holes into the inner cavity and extend into the salient pole grooves of the rotor sheet group. The T-shaped pole shoes 15 of the four stators correspond one by one and are axially aligned.

[0035] The arc radius length of the salient poles of the rotor sheet group is 1.2 to 2 times that of the salient pole arc radius length of the stator sheet group, and the tooth fan area of the salient poles of the stator sheet group is 5 to 20 times that of the tooth arc area.

[0036] The number of teeth of the salient poles of the stator and rotor sheet groups is taken between 2 and 30.

[0037] The described body 1 is connected to an oil inlet pipe and an oil outlet pipe.

[0038] The described body 1 is integrally non-magnetic, the T-shaped pole shoes 15 are integrally soft magnetic, the arc-shaped iron core 16 is laminated by soft magnetic sheets, and the machine shell 6 is composed of multiple blocks.

[0039] Without changing the positions of the stator and rotor, the salient poles of the four rotors, namely rotor A 11, rotor B 12, rotor C 13, and rotor D 14, correspond one by one and are aligned, while the salient poles of the four stators, namely stator A 7, stator B 8, stator C 9, and stator D 10, are designed to be axially misaligned.

[0040] The laminated and overlapping salient pole type permanent magnet motor of the present invention is to solve the problem of low efficiency of existing motors and provides one for electric vehicles. The electromagnet and the permanent magnet are in parallel magnetic circuit magnetic flux, and the salient poles of the stator and rotor adopt laminated salient poles. The laminated and overlapping increases the magnetic circuit cross-sectional area of the air gap to increase the magnetic flux, weakens the magnetic circuit leakage flux inside the motor, and at the same time also changes the magnetic field line distribution to reduce pulsation and noise.

[0041] The laminated and overlapping salient pole type permanent magnet motor of the present invention is composed of four single-phase motors. The structural shapes and sizes of the four single-phase motors A, B, C, and D are the same. The number of salient poles of the stator and rotor of the single-phase motor is the same. Generally, the stator and rotor of the single-phase motor are taken to have 8, 12, or 16 salient poles.

[0042] The technical solution of the laminated and overlapping salient pole type permanent magnet motor of the present invention includes a body 1, a front machine cover 2, a rear machine cover 3, a middle shaft 4, bearings 5, a machine shell 6, a stator A 7, a stator B 8, a stator C 9, a stator D 10, a rotor A 11, a rotor B 12, a rotor C 13, a rotor D 14, T-shaped pole shoes 15, an arc-shaped iron core 16, a rectangular permanent magnet 17, an excitation winding 18, a non-magnetic pressing plate 19, a code disk 20, an inductive normally open switch 21, and a cover 22.

[0043] The body 1 is a non-magnetic circular cylinder. The space surrounded by the inner arc surface of the body 1 is the stator inner cavity, and the circular groove space centripetal to the outer arc surface of the body 1 is the stator outer cavity. There are four circular grooves centripetal to the outer arc surface of the body 1, namely the A stator outer cavity, the B stator outer cavity, the C stator outer cavity, and the D stator outer cavity. There are circumferentially equally spaced square holes on the inner and outer cavity walls of the stator.

[0044] The rotor penetrates into the inner cavity of the body 1 and is fixed to the front cover 2 and the rear cover 3 of the machine through the central shaft bearing 5. The front cover 2 and the rear cover 3 of the machine are fixed to the body 1 by bolts. The A rotor 11 is located in the A stator inner cavity, the B rotor 12 is located in the B stator inner cavity, the C rotor 13 is located in the C stator inner cavity, and the D rotor 14 is located in the D stator inner cavity.

[0045] The four rotors A, B, C, and D are a single-piece soft magnetic. The shape and size of the salient poles of each rotor are the same and the spacing is equal. The included angle of the concave part of the rotor at the axis is twice the included angle of the convex part at the axis. The included angles of the salient poles of the A rotor 11 and the B rotor 12, the included angles of the salient poles of the B rotor 12 and the C rotor 13, the included angles of the salient poles of the C rotor 13 and the D rotor 14, and the included angles of the salient poles of the D rotor 14 and the A rotor 11 are all the same.

[0046] In the outer cavities of the A stator 7, B stator 8, C stator 9, and D stator 10, there are respectively 8 or 12 or 16 T-shaped pole shoes 15 that tightly penetrate through the wall square holes into the inner cavity and extend into the salient pole grooves of the rotor laminations, and are fixed to the body 1 by bolts.

[0047] The T-shaped pole shoe 15 is a salient pole of a single-piece soft magnetic stator. The salient poles of the four stators A, B, C, and D are axially aligned one by one.

[0048] The exciting winding 18 is wound around the middle groove position of the arc-shaped iron core 16. In the outer cavities of the A stator 7, B stator 8, C stator 9, and D stator 10, there are respectively arc-shaped iron cores 16 with exciting windings 18 and rectangular permanent magnets 17 connected in series to form a ring. The two end pole faces of the arc-shaped iron core 16 are respectively connected to the pole faces of the two rectangular permanent magnets 17. The sides of the arc-shaped iron core 16 are respectively connected to the T-shaped pole shoes 15.

[0049] The non-magnetic pressing plate 19 is on the arc-shaped iron core 16, and the arc-shaped iron core 16 is fixed to the body 1 by the non-magnetic pressing plate 19 and bolts.

[0050] The N and S magnetic poles of the rectangular permanent magnet 17 are in the same clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The electromagnetic poles NS of the exciting winding 18 correspond one by one to the NS of the rectangular permanent magnet 17, that is, the same magnetic poles correspond to the same pole shoe.

[0051] The salient poles of the stator and the rotor adopt laminated salient poles. The laminated salient poles of the rotor overlap with those of the stator. The tooth segments of the laminated salient poles of the stator enter the grooves between the tooth segments of the laminated salient poles of the rotor. There are radial and axial clearances between the tooth segments of the stator laminated salient poles and those of the rotor laminated salient poles. The convex surfaces of the salient poles of the rotor and the stator are arc surfaces centered on the axis. The included angles of the axes of the salient poles of the rotor and the stator are the same, and the spacings are equal. The spacing between the tooth segments of the laminated salient poles is greater than the thickness of the salient pole segments. There is a sector-shaped pier on each side of the laminated salient poles of the rotor. The radial surfaces of the tooth segments of the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the stator are sector-shaped surfaces, and the tooth segments of the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the stator are arranged axially.

[0052] The arc radius of the laminated salient poles of the rotor is 1.2 to 2 times that of the laminated salient poles of the stator. The fan area of the tooth segments of the laminated salient poles of the stator is 5 to 20 times the arc area of the tooth segments. The number of tooth segments of the laminated salient poles of the stator and the rotor is between 2 and 30.

[0053] The stator salient poles adopt 8 laminated salient poles and there are 4 exciting windings 18. Two opposite exciting windings 18 are connected together for energization and excitation as one gear. When the exciting windings 18 of two gears are energized and excited, it is the high-power gear. When the exciting windings 18 of one gear are energized and excited, it is the low-power gear. The stator salient poles adopt 12 laminated salient poles and there are 6 exciting windings 18. Two opposite exciting windings 18 are connected together for energization and excitation as one gear. When the exciting windings 18 of three gears are energized and excited, it is the high-power gear. When the exciting windings 18 of two gears are energized and excited, it is the medium-power gear. When the exciting windings 18 of one gear are energized and excited, it is the low-power gear. Adjusting the motor power by gear can reduce the power consumption.

[0054] The housing 6 is arranged on the body 1 to enclose the outer cavity of the stator. An oil inlet pipe and an oil outlet pipe are connected to the housing 6, and the circulating cooling oil cools the motor.

[0055] Four inductive normally open switches 21 are made into an integral module. Two groups of inductive normally open switch 21 modules are installed on the rear cover 3 of the machine. The included angle of the axes between a group of four inductive normally open switches 21 is the same as the included angle of the axes between the four rotor salient poles.

[0056] The code disk 20 is installed on the central axis 4 of the machine rear cover 3 and rotates synchronously with the rotor. The edge of the code disk 20 is located in the groove of the normally open induction switch 21. The outer diameter circumference of the code disk 20 is evenly distributed with convex teeth and grooves. The number of grooves on the code disk 20 is the same as the number of salient poles of the single rotor. The central axis angle of the groove part of the code disk 20 is smaller than the angle of the salient pole part of the rotor and larger than the central axis angle difference between the front and back spaces of the four-section rotor salient poles. A permanent magnet corresponding to a groove-shaped optocoupler or Hall device is arranged in the normally open induction switch 21. The tooth part of the code disk 20 is located in the groove of the normally open induction switch to block light or magnetism, and the normally open induction switch 21 cuts off the power supply of the phase excitation winding 18. The groove part of the code disk 20 is located in the groove of the normally open induction switch, and the optoelectric or magnetoelectric effect occurs to turn on the power supply of the phase excitation winding 18. The AA' normally open induction switch is the power-off switch of the A-phase stator excitation winding, the BB' normally open induction switch is the power-off switch of the B-phase stator excitation winding, the CC' normally open induction switch is the power-off switch of the C-phase stator excitation winding, the DD' normally open induction switch is the power-off switch of the D-phase stator excitation winding, and the four normally open induction switches of the module group A B C D are the forward rotation switches of the motor. The normally open induction switches of the module group A’B'C'D' are the reverse rotation switches of the motor.

[0057] When the rotor needs to rotate in reverse, turn off the power supply of the forward rotation normally open induction switch 21 and turn on the power supply of the reverse rotation normally open induction switch 21.

[0058] When the rotor needs to rotate forward, turn off the power supply of the reverse rotation normally open induction switch 21 and turn on the power supply of the forward rotation normally open induction switch 21. The salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the A single-phase motor overlaps. The groove part of the code disk 20 is located in the groove of the A induction normally open switch, and the A-phase stator excitation winding is energized for excitation. The salient pole on the A rotor 11 is attracted by the salient pole on the A stator 7 and rotates and displaces. When the salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the A single-phase motor overlaps by more than three-quarters, the salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the B single-phase motor overlaps. The groove part of the code disk 20 turns into the groove of the B induction normally open switch, and the B-phase stator winding is energized for excitation, and the power supply of the A-phase stator winding is terminated. The salient pole on the B rotor 12 is attracted by the salient pole on the B stator 8 and rotates and displaces. When the salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the B motor overlaps by more than three-quarters, the salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the C motor overlaps. The groove part of the code disk 20 turns into the groove of the C induction normally open switch, and the C-phase stator winding is energized for excitation, and the power supply of the B-phase stator winding is terminated. The salient pole on the C rotor 13 is attracted by the salient pole on the C stator 9 and rotates and displaces. When the salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the C motor overlaps by more than three-quarters, the salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the D single-phase motor overlaps. The groove part of the code disk 20 turns into the groove of the D induction normally open switch, and the D-phase stator winding is energized for excitation, and the power supply of the C-phase stator winding is terminated. The salient pole on the D rotor 14 is attracted by the salient pole on the D stator 10 and rotates and displaces. When the salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the D motor overlaps by more than three-quarters, the salient pole difference between the rotor and the stator of the A motor overlaps. In this way, the rotor is rotated by energizing and exciting in sequence.

[0059] The effects of a laminated salient-pole overlapping permanent magnet motor of the present invention are as follows: the permanent magnets are located on the stator, and cyclic oil cooling and salient-pole structure are adopted, so that the permanent magnets are not easily demagnetized, the torsional force is large, there is no dead point, the starting force is strong, the salient poles of the stator and the rotor adopt laminated salient-pole overlapping, the pulsation is small and the noise is small, the electromagnetic field and the permanent magnetic field are superposed to form magnetic flux, the motor utilizes the magnetic field rate of the permanent magnets highly, the motor efficiency is higher than that of the existing motors at present, electric energy is saved, and when applied to electric vehicles, the cruising range is far. Embodiment

[0060] For the salient poles of the stator and rotor of a laminated salient-pole overlapping permanent magnet motor, 8 salient poles are taken. The included angle between the axes of the concave parts of the stator and rotor is twice the included angle between the axes of the convex parts. The included angle between the axes of the convex parts of the stator and rotor is 15°, and the included angle of the concave parts is 30°. The included angle between the axes of the salient poles of the four sections of the rotor in the front and rear spaces is 11.25°. The radius length of the arc of the salient pole of the rotor laminated group is 1.6 times the radius length of the arc of the salient pole of the stator laminated group. The number of teeth of the salient pole of the stator laminated group is taken as 8, and the fan area of the tooth of the salient pole of the stator laminated group is 5 times the arc area of the tooth.

[0061] When 8 laminated salient poles are taken, there are 4 arc-shaped iron cores 16 with exciting windings 18 and 4 rectangular permanent magnets 17 connected in series to form a loop. The NS magnetic poles of the 4 rectangular permanent magnets 17 are in the same clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The electromagnetic poles NS of the 4 exciting windings 18 correspond one by one to the magnetic poles NS of the rectangular permanent magnets 17, that is, the same magnetic poles correspond to the same pole shoe. ① When the exciting winding 18 in the middle of the arc-shaped iron core 16 is not energized, the NS magnetic poles of the four rectangular permanent magnets 17 pass through the arc-shaped iron core 16, and the head and tail are connected relatively to form a closed magnetic field. The shortest path of the minimum magnetic resistance is presented, and the arc-shaped iron core 16 does not show magnetism externally, and there is no magnetic force generated between the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the laminated salient poles of the stator. ② When an electric current is passed through the exciting winding 18 in the middle of the arc-shaped iron core 16, the magnetic field direction generated by the exciting winding 18 is opposite to the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet and is in a parallel magnetic circuit. At this time, a combined magnetic field intensity of the permanent magnetic field and the electric excitation field will be generated on the side wall of the end pole of the arc-shaped iron core 16 connected to the laminated salient poles of the pole shoe. The laminated salient poles of the pole shoe will generate a magnetic force on the surrounding magnetizable objects. The laminated salient poles of the rotor and the laminated salient poles of the stator overlap, providing a closed magnetic flux loop for each other. The magnetic resistance of this magnetic circuit is the smallest, and torsion will be generated if the salient poles of the rotor and the stator do not overlap and align. ③ When the current passing through the exciting winding 18 is instantaneously zero, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet will quickly recover through the closed loop of the arc-shaped iron core 16 in the exciting winding 18. During this process, an induced electromotive force will be generated in the exciting winding 18, and this electromotive force can be collected and utilized.

[0062] The salient poles of the stator and rotor adopt laminated salient poles. The laminated salient poles of the rotor are superposed and coincided with those of the stator. The tooth of the laminated salient pole of the stator enters the groove between the laminated salient poles of the rotor. In this way, the cross-sectional area of the air-gap magnetic circuit is increased, the magnetic resistance of the air-gap magnetic circuit is reduced, the distribution of magnetic force lines is improved, the tangential magnetic density is increased, the radial magnetic density of the air gap is weakened, and the radial magnetic flux is transformed into the axial magnetic flux. The fan blades of the laminated salient poles are axially arranged, and the axial magnetic pull generated by the air-gap magnetic field will cancel each other out, thereby reducing the torque ripple and noise of the motor.

[0063] The radius of the arc of the laminated salient pole of the rotor is 1.6 times that of the arc of the laminated salient pole of the stator. The number of teeth of the laminated salient pole of the stator is 8, and the fan area of the tooth of the laminated salient pole of the stator is 5 times that of the arc area of the tooth. In this way, compared with the ordinary doubly salient permanent magnet motor, the cross-sectional area of the air-gap magnetic circuit is increased by 5 times, and the magnetic flux of the air-gap magnetic circuit is increased by 5 times. The leakage magnetic flux inside the motor is weakened.

[0064] The cross-sectional area of the salient pole magnetic flux magnetic circuit of the stator and rotor remains unchanged. The cross-sectional area of the air-gap magnetic circuit is increased, and the magnetic resistance of the air-gap circuit is reduced. The exciting winding 18 in the middle of the arc-shaped iron core 16 uses a smaller current to excite the magnetic field to repel the permanent magnetic field and superpose the magnetic flux magnetic pull to twist the rotor displacement and rotation, making full use of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet to improve the motor efficiency.

[0065] For the laminated salient pole superposed permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the permanent magnet is cooled by circulating oil and has a salient pole structure on the stator, making the permanent magnet not easily demagnetized, with a large torsional force, no dead point, and a strong starting force. The salient poles of the stator and rotor adopt laminated salient pole superposition and coincidence, with small pulsation and low noise. The electromagnetic field and the permanent magnetic field superpose the magnetic flux. The motor has a high utilization rate of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, and the motor efficiency is higher than that of the existing motors at present, saving electric energy. It can be applied to electric vehicles with a long cruising range.

Claims

1. A laminated salient pole overlapping permanent magnet motor, characterized in that It includes a body in the shape of a circular ring cylinder, a front machine cover and a rear machine cover respectively fixed at the front end and the rear end of the body, a central shaft passing through the inner cavity of the body and fixed on the front machine cover and the rear machine cover through bearings, a rotor arranged on the central shaft, a stator corresponding to the rotor, an arc-shaped iron core, a rectangular permanent magnet, an exciting winding and a non-magnetic pressure plate arranged in the body, a code disk arranged on the central shaft of the rear machine cover and rotating synchronously with the rotor, two groups of inductive normally open switch modules arranged on the rear machine cover, and a cover. The salient poles of the stator and the rotor adopt laminated salient poles. The laminated salient poles of the rotor overlap with the laminated salient poles of the stator. The teeth of the laminated salient poles of the stator are inserted into the grooves between the laminated salient poles of the rotor. The radial surfaces of the teeth of the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the stator are fan-shaped surfaces, and the teeth of the laminated salient poles of the rotor and the stator are axially arranged. The stator includes A stator, B stator, C stator and D stator arranged axially along the housing of the body. The rotor includes A rotor located in the inner cavity of A stator, B rotor located in the inner cavity of B stator, C rotor located in the inner cavity of C stator and D rotor located in the inner cavity of D stator. The A rotor, B rotor, C rotor and D rotor are an integral soft magnetic body. The exciting winding is wound around the middle groove position of the arc-shaped iron core. In the outer cavity of the stator, the arc-shaped iron core and the rectangular permanent magnet are connected in series to form a ring. The two end pole faces of the arc-shaped iron core are respectively connected to the pole faces of the two rectangular permanent magnets. The side faces of the arc-shaped iron core are respectively connected to T-shaped pole shoes. The arc-shaped iron core is fixed on the body through the non-magnetic pressure plate and bolts.

2. The laminated salient pole overlapping permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The shapes and sizes of the salient poles of the A rotor, B rotor, C rotor and D rotor are the same and the spacing is equal. The central angle of each concave part of the rotor is twice the central angle of the convex part. The central angles of the salient poles of the A rotor and the B rotor, the central angles of the salient poles of the B rotor and the C rotor, the central angles of the salient poles of the C rotor and the D rotor, and the central angles of the salient poles of the D rotor and the A rotor are all the same.

3. The laminated salient pole overlapping permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that In the outer cavities of the A stator, B stator, C stator and D stator, 8, 12 or 16 T-shaped pole shoes respectively penetrate tightly through the wall square holes into the inner cavity and extend to the grooves of the laminated salient poles of the rotor. The T-shaped pole shoes 15 of the four stators correspond one by one and are axially aligned.

4. The laminated salient pole overlapping permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The arc radius of the laminated salient poles of the rotor is 1.2 to 2 times the arc radius of the laminated salient poles of the stator. The fan area of the teeth of the laminated salient poles of the stator is 5 to 20 times the arc area of the teeth. The number of teeth of the laminated salient poles of the stator and the rotor is between 2 and 30.

5. The laminated salient pole overlapping permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that The body is connected to an oil inlet pipe and an oil outlet pipe.

Images