Method and apparatus for inspecting tires

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for inspecting tires. The apparatus comprises a first inspection unit having an inlet for the tire and comprising a plurality of inspection tools; a second inspection unit having an outlet for the tire and comprising a plurality of inspection tools; and a turning and conveying device operably interposed between the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit. The first inspection unit, the second inspection unit and the turning and conveying device define an inspection path, which is constructed in such a way that each tire passes through it step by step. The first inspection unit and the second inspection unit comprise identical inspection tools, which are configured to perform the same inspection on the respective axial halves of the tire. The turning and conveying device is configured to turn the tire around a turning axis, which is perpendicular to the main rotation axis of the tire and belongs to the plane of its axial centerline.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application entitled "Method and apparatus for inspecting tires in processes and equipment for manufacturing tires for vehicle wheels", with an international application date of December 1, 2015, an international application number of PCT / IB2015 / 059252, and a national application number of 201580073008.3. Technical Field

[0002] The object of the present invention is a method and a device for inspecting tyres in a process and an apparatus for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels.

[0003] In particular, the invention is in the field of quality checks performed on tyres, preferably moulded and vulcanised, suitable for verifying the compliance of the tyres with design specifications and allowing compliant tyres to be stored while defective ones are discarded.

[0004] A tire for vehicle wheels generally comprises a carcass structure comprising at least one carcass ply having axially opposite end flanges engaging respective annular anchoring structures integrated in a region generally referred to as the "bead". The carcass structure is associated with a belt structure comprising one or more belt layers radially superimposed relative to one another and relative to the carcass ply. A tread band is applied radially externally to the belt structure and, like the other semi-finished components of the tire, is made of an elastomeric material. Applied axially externally to the lateral surfaces of the carcass structure are respective sidewalls made of an elastomeric material, each extending from one of the lateral edges of the tread band to a respective annular anchoring structure of the bead.

[0005] After the green tyre has been built by assembling the corresponding semi-finished products, the production cycle ends with the performance of a moulding and vulcanisation process aimed at stabilising the structure of the tyre by cross-linking the elastomeric material and by printing the desired tread design on the tread band and possible distinctive graphic markings at the sidewalls.

[0006] The term "elastomeric material" refers to a composite comprising at least one elastomeric polymer and at least one reinforcing filler. Preferably, the composite also includes additives such as a crosslinking agent and / or a plasticizer. The presence of the crosslinking agent allows the composite to be crosslinked by heating to form the final product.

[0007] The term "inspection" with respect to a tire generally denotes all non-destructive operations allowing the detection of possible external defects (on the radially external and / or radially internal surfaces) and / or internal defects (in the structure) of the tire. Such inspections may, for example, be of optical (photography, offset speckle interferometry, holography, radiography, etc.), ultrasonic or mechanical type, or a combination thereof.

[0008] The terms "lower", "upper", "bottom", "top", "beneath" and "over" are used to indicate the relative position of an element relative to the ground - the element being a component of a tire, a tire, an apparatus, a device, etc. - or to indicate the relative position of one of the elements relative to another.

[0009] The term "tire half" refers to the axial half of the tire, ie the half defined by an axial symmetry / centerline plane orthogonal to the main axis of rotation of the tire and equidistant from the beads of the tire itself.

[0010] The term "at least one half of the tire" means one complete half as defined above plus a further portion of a possible further half extending axially from the above-mentioned plane of symmetry / centre line.

[0011] The term "simultaneous and stepwise advancement of the tires" refers to the simultaneous movement of a plurality of tires positioned along a path of fixed steps at substantially constant time intervals.

[0012] The term "build / production cycle time" refers to the time that elapses between the departure of one built / finished tire from the build / production line and the departure of the subsequent tire.

[0013] The term "inspection cycle time" refers to the time that elapses between the departure of one tire inspected by the inspection equipment and the departure of the subsequent tire.

[0014] Preferably, after vulcanization, the tire is subjected to a quality inspection in order to detect possible defects. Background Art

[0015] Document DE 10 2008 037 356 describes a system for testing tires to perform quality checks and reduce safety risks. This testing allows for the identification of defects. The system comprises a reading device for reading an identifier suitable for identifying the tire; a conveyor system having a plurality of conveyor sections for conveying the tire along a conveying direction; at least one testing device; and at least one inspection device adapted to inspect the reading device, the conveyor system, and the testing device. The conveyor system is provided with a plurality of sensors that detect the presence of a tire in the conveyor sections. The inspection device is configured to record the position of the tire in the conveyor sections and to keep track of the tire's movement. In one embodiment of this document, two testing devices are shown, arranged in sequence and intended to test tires using different measurement methods.

[0016] Document EP 1 436 789 describes a method and a device for inspecting tires. The tire to be inspected is first coupled to a two-part rim and inflated in an assembly station. It is then taken sequentially to a number of inspection stations where the tire and rim are rotated together while inspection operations are performed. The tire is then taken to a removal station where it is deflated and the rim portion is removed from it.

[0017] Document US 2012 / 0134656 describes a lighting device and inspection device for tires, capable of inspecting the tire's own shape for irregularities. A photographic device photographs the tire's inner surface, while a guiding device simultaneously rotates the tire and inspection device relative to each other around the tire's axis. Simultaneously, light units arranged along the tire's inner circumference emit light along the tire's own circumference. One embodiment of this document shows three consecutive, side-by-side inspection sections, to which tires are sequentially brought via a conveyor. Tires in the first inspection section move to the turntable of the second inspection section, those in the second section move to the turntable of the third inspection section, and those in the third section move to the exit station.

[0018] In the automated systems for checking tires leaving the production line, such as those described above, the Applicant has found that the time actually required to completely and carefully check each individual tire is technically incompatible with the high production rates of current production lines (building and vulcanization). In current equipment, this means checking all the tires produced but abandoning some of the multiple checks or, alternatively, performing a careful check only on some tires (random checks).

[0019] In particular, the Applicant has found that known systems are not able to perform a detailed inspection of all the tyres in the time set by the build / production line, ie cannot perform the inspection in line without causing an accumulation of tyres to be inspected.

[0020] The applicant has also demonstrated that known automated systems are in some cases very cumbersome (see for example document DE 10 2008 037 356), in other cases structurally complex and therefore cost-intensive and very unreliable (such as those described in documents US 2012 / 0134656 and EP 1 436 789). Summary of the Invention

[0021] In this context, the Applicant has set the objective of inspecting all the tires leaving the build / production line by optimizing the inspection times, in particular by carrying out all the inspections at times and in a mode compatible with the build / production cycle time set by the same line, said build / production cycle time being the time that elapses between the departure of one tire from the build / production line and the departure of the subsequent tire.

[0022] The Applicant has found that it is extremely advantageous to carry out such an inspection in order to be able to operate the build / production line retroactively and adjust the processing parameters so that possible defects can be eliminated, or so that irregularities that are not actual defects on the tire being inspected can be eliminated and do not cause actual defects on subsequent tires, all in a repeatable, reliable and accurate manner.

[0023] The Applicant has also identified the need to carry out this type of inspection on tire models that differ significantly from one another in terms of size (fitting, sidewall height, tread width, etc.) and type (vehicle, motorcycle, truck, winter, summer, self-sealing, run-flat, etc.), while limiting the size, complexity and cost of the equipment dedicated thereto.

[0024] The Applicant has thus recognized that by obtaining an inspection path that can be traversed step by step by each tire to be inspected and by subjecting each tire to a plurality of pre-established inspections, it is possible to meet the above-mentioned needs, in particular as regards compatibility with the build / production cycle times according to the respective tire model, the reproducibility and reliability of the results, and the flexibility of the entire inspection system.

[0025] More precisely, the Applicant has discovered that the above requirements can be met by carrying out a plurality of inspections, first on one axial half of each tire and then on the other axial half, while the tires are advanced simultaneously and stepwise along the inspection path. The inspections are carried out between one advancement step and the next while each tire itself rotates about its axis of rotation and the inspection tool is located in a fixed position relative to this axis of rotation.

[0026] More specifically, according to one aspect, the present invention relates to a method for inspecting tires, each tire having a main axis of rotation and an axial centerline plane.

[0027] Preferably, provision is made for the tyres to be advanced simultaneously and stepwise along the inspection path and for said tyres to be inspected during the time intervals between successive steps.

[0028] Preferably, for each of the tires, provision is made for inspecting at least a first half of the tire by performing a plurality of inspections along a first portion of the inspection path, wherein the first half is the axial half of the tire defined by said axial centerline plane.

[0029] Preferably, for each of the tires, provision is made for turning said tire around a turning axis after exiting said first portion of the inspection path.

[0030] Preferably, for each of the tires, provision is made for guiding said tire to an entrance of the second portion of the inspection path.

[0031] Preferably, for each of the tires, provision is made to inspect at least a second half of said tire by performing the same multiple inspections along said second portion of the inspection path, wherein the second half is the other axial half of the tire defined by said axial centerline plane.

[0032] According to a different aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for inspecting tires, each tire having a main axis of rotation and an axial centerline plane.

[0033] Preferably, provision is made for the first inspection unit to have an access opening for the tire and to comprise a plurality of inspection tools.

[0034] Preferably, provision is made for the second inspection unit to have an outlet for tires and to comprise a plurality of inspection tools.

[0035] Preferably, provision is made for the turning and conveying device to be operatively interposed between the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit.

[0036] Preferably, the first inspection unit, the second inspection unit and the turning and conveying device define an inspection path, which is constructed in such a way that each tire can pass through it step by step.

[0037] Preferably, the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit comprise identical inspection tools configured for performing the same inspection on at least respective axial halves of the tyre.

[0038] Preferably, the turning and conveying device is configured for turning the tire around a turning axis.

[0039] According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a process for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels comprising a method for inspecting tyres as described and claimed according to the invention.

[0040] Preferably, the process comprises: building a green tyre by assembling respective components, preferably on at least one drum; moulding and vulcanising the tyre; wherein said method for inspecting the tyre is performed after moulding and vulcanising.

[0041] According to a further aspect, the invention relates to an installation for producing tyres for vehicle wheels, comprising a device for inspecting tyres as described and claimed according to the invention.

[0042] Preferably, the installation comprises a production line comprising an apparatus for building green tyres and at least one vulcanising unit operatively arranged downstream of the building apparatus, wherein the apparatus for inspecting tyres is operatively located downstream of the vulcanising unit.

[0043] Preferably, the green tire building apparatus comprises:

[0044] ■ A building line at which one or more building drums, preferably of annular shape, are moved between different work stations arranged to form, on each building drum, a component of the tyre being processed.

[0045] Preferably, the green tire building apparatus comprises:

[0046] ■ a carcass building line at which one or more building drums are moved between different work stations arranged to form a carcass sleeve on each building drum;

[0047] ■ an outer sleeve building line, where one or more forming drums are moved between different workstations arranged to form an outer sleeve on each forming drum;

[0048] ■ An assembly station where the outer sleeve is coupled to the carcass sleeve.

[0049] The Applicant believes that the organization of the inspection device and the implementation of the method according to the invention allow optimizing the inspection time and limiting the space of the dedicated inspection area, which significantly cuts the cost of each tyre produced.

[0050] In particular, the applicant believes that the present invention allows all required inspections to be performed at a time and in a mode that is compatible with the build / production cycle time set by the upstream build / production line. In particular, the time elapsed between one tire entering (or leaving) the inspection path and the subsequent tire entering (or leaving) the path can be set to be equal to the build / production cycle time. In other words, the inspection cycle time can be equal to the build / production cycle time.

[0051] The applicant believes that the present invention allows:

[0052] ■Grouping required inspections into different inspection stations / time intervals;

[0053] ■Perform multiple inspection cycles at one inspection station or within one time interval;

[0054] ■ Performing inspections in parallel on multiple tires located in different inspection stations;

[0055] ■ Perform multiple inspections on the tire simultaneously during an inspection cycle.

[0056] The applicant further believes that the present invention allows for accurate and simple inspection of tires, as the tool can be operated first on one axial half of each tire and then on the other half, performing the same inspection. The applicant further believes that the present invention allows for inspections with high defect detection capabilities and reliability, without negatively impacting inspection time and dedicated inspection space. These aspects have a positive impact on the quality of tires produced, which are deemed to be compliant.

[0057] Finally, the Applicant believes that the present invention ensures a high degree of flexibility and allows relatively simple and rapid changes in the type of tests performed, the addition and / or removal of tests, the modification of their temporal and / or spatial sequence, and more generally the adjustment of all the functional parameters of the device. Thus, the present invention allows the testing of tire models that differ significantly from one another in terms of size and / or shape, and allows a rapid transition from one type to another, also with the goal of being able to test tire models developed in the future.

[0058] In at least one of the above aspects, the present invention may have one or more of the preferred features described below.

[0059] Preferably, the tilt axis is perpendicular to the main rotation axis and belongs to the axial centerline plane.

[0060] In one embodiment, said first portion of the inspection path coincides with said second portion of the inspection path. In other words, each tire passes through the same portion of the path twice.

[0061] In various embodiments, said first portion of the inspection path is separated from said second portion of the inspection path. In other words, each tire passes through the first and second portions of the path only once and successively.

[0062] Preferably, the number of time intervals along the first portion of the inspection path is equal to the number of time intervals along the second portion of the inspection path.Thus, each axial half of each tire is inspected divided into the same number of time intervals.

[0063] Preferably, the total number of time intervals is between two and ten, preferably between four and eight, more preferably equal to six. Thus, each axial half of each tire is inspected during a number of time intervals between one and five, preferably between two and four, more preferably equal to three.

[0064] Preferably, the inspection sequence along the first portion of the inspection path is equal to the inspection sequence along the second portion of the inspection path. The two sequences are identical and continuous, and therefore can be implemented with exactly the same hardware (inspection tool, actuation system, etc.) and software, which reduces costs and shortens installation / management / maintenance time.

[0065] Preferably, the number of examinations of said plurality of examinations is between twenty and forty, preferably equal to about thirty. Each half-body part is subjected to the same number of said plurality of examinations.

[0066] Preferably, during each of the time intervals, the tire undergoes at least one inspection cycle, preferably a plurality of consecutive inspection cycles, preferably a number between two and eight inspection cycles, more preferably four inspection cycles. In a single time interval, the inspection cycles are performed sequentially one after the other, and in some cases also in parallel. The same number of inspection cycles may be performed in each time interval, or a different number of inspection cycles may be performed in different time intervals.

[0067] Preferably, during each of the inspection cycles, the tire is rotated about a corresponding main axis of rotation. The main axis of rotation of the tire remains fixed while the tire rotates thereon. In order to minimize the number and complexity of inspection tools, the circular symmetry of the tire is utilized.

[0068] Preferably, during each of said inspection cycles, the inspection tool is arranged in a pre-established inspection position while the respective tyre is rotated about the respective main rotation axis.

[0069] Preferably, the inspection position is pre-established according to the type of tire to be inspected. Preferably, the tools are moved in space only to bring them to the inspection position. Each tool preferably operates on a limited portion of the tire's circumference at any given moment. During inspection, the tool does not move; instead, the tire moves in front of / under the tool. Thus, the area inspected during a full tire revolution is a circular portion of the tire. This option significantly simplifies the management of tool movement and overall equipment management.

[0070] Preferably, the inspection tool is moved to a different inspection position between one inspection cycle and the next. As needed, the same inspection tool can be used to inspect different areas of the same tire during different cycles. For example, the same tool can be positioned in different axial or radial positions relative to the tire, either within or outside the tire.

[0071] Preferably, during each of the inspection cycles, the tire is rotated through a rotation angle of at least 360° about the respective main rotation axis, preferably greater than 360°, more preferably between approximately 360° and approximately 400°, and still more preferably between approximately 365° and approximately 375°. In other words, each portion of the annular portion passes under / in front of the tool at least once during one inspection cycle. Preferably, each portion of the annular portion passes under / in front of the tool only once during one inspection cycle, except for an overlapping region (approximately 5°-15°) where the tool is applied twice. In this way, effective inspection of the entire annular portion is ensured.

[0072] Preferably, during each of said inspection cycles, the tyre is caused to rotate at a peripheral speed which is predetermined and independent of the size of the tyre to be inspected. Preferably, said peripheral speed is constant.

[0073] Preferably, during each of said inspection cycles, a plurality of inspections are performed on each of said at least one half of each tyre.During a rotation of the tyre, a plurality of inspections may be performed simultaneously, preferably by using a plurality of inspection tools simultaneously.

[0074] Preferably, said plurality of checks is between two and six, more preferably equal to three. Given the same total number of checks being performed, the simultaneous combination of multiple checks allows reducing the number of cycles and / or the number of time intervals.

[0075] Preferably, the inspection cycle time between the time a tire leaves / enters the inspection path and the time a subsequent tire leaves / enters the inspection path is between about 20 seconds and about 60 seconds, preferably between about 25 seconds and about 35 seconds, and more preferably equal to about 30 seconds. Such values are compatible with the cycle time of the upstream build / production line.

[0076] In one embodiment, the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit are coincident, and the turning and conveying device is configured to turn over the tire coming from the outlet of said inspection unit and transfer it to the inlet of the same inspection unit. In other words, generally only one inspection unit is provided and each tire completes two passes through said single inspection unit, first with one sidewall abutted and then with the other sidewall abutted.

[0077] Preferably, the apparatus comprises auxiliary conveying means operatively interposed between the exit of said single inspection station and the entrance thereof.

[0078] In various embodiments, the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit are separated and arranged sequentially in space, and the turning and conveying device is configured to turn over the tire from the first inspection unit and transfer it to the second inspection unit. In other words, each tire passes through each of the sequentially arranged inspection units only once.

[0079] Preferably, the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit each comprise at least one inspection station, preferably a plurality of inspection stations, preferably a number between two and four inspection stations, more preferably three inspection stations, each inspection station corresponding to a time interval in which at least half of each tire is inspected.

[0080] Preferably, the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit comprise the same number of inspection stations. The apparatus as a whole comprises at least two inspection stations, preferably a number between four and eight inspection stations, more preferably six inspection stations.

[0081] Preferably, the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit are substantially identical. Thus, the device comprises two inspection units of identical construction, arranged one behind the other and separate from the turning and conveying device. This feature allows limiting the design, manufacturing, and maintenance costs of the device.

[0082] Preferably, the first inspection unit, the turning and conveying device and the second inspection unit are aligned with one another along a substantially rectilinear path. This configuration allows for convenient arrangement in an area intended to house a construction / production line and further simplifies the conveying of tires from the first inspection unit to the second inspection unit.

[0083] Preferably, the first and second inspection units are stacked one on top of the other, with a turning and conveying device located at the exit of the first inspection unit and at the entrance of the second inspection unit. The turning and conveying device is preferably configured to lift or lower the tire to transfer it from the first inspection unit to the second inspection unit. This configuration is compact in plan view and allows installation in relatively tight spaces.

[0084] Preferably, each inspection station includes: a support for the tire to be inspected; at least one of the inspection tools; and a transfer device for transferring the tire from the inspection station to a subsequent inspection station in the same inspection unit or to a turning and conveying device. Each station integrates all the elements required to operate the tire without requiring the intervention of other external devices.

[0085] Preferably, the support portion has at least one substantially horizontal abutment area configured to receive and support the sidewall of the tire. This abutment against the sidewall ensures that the tire maintains the same shape throughout all tests without requiring it to be inflated. A resting (deflated) tire reduces vibrations relative to an inflated tire and improves the quality of the inspection, particularly the quality of the image obtained. The abutment against the sidewall avoids significant mechanical stresses that could compromise the integrity and quality of the image. The abutment against the sidewall also allows for convenient centering relative to the inspection reference system.

[0086] Preferably, the support is a turntable which rotates around a respective vertical axis of rotation.In addition to enabling the tyre to rotate, the turntable ensures a stable support.

[0087] Preferably, the transfer device comprises at least one movable transport surface, preferably at least one conveyor belt, associated with the support. Thus, the support, in the form of a turntable, performs four functions with a simple and inexpensive structure: stable support of the tire during inspection and transport, centering of the tire, rotation during inspection, and translation for transport to the subsequent station.

[0088] Preferably, each inspection station comprises a frame provided with a lower portion carrying the support portion and an upper portion carrying support and movement means for supporting and moving the inspection tool. The support and movement means are positioned above the tire and move over the tire without interfering with the tire itself.

[0089] Preferably, each inspection station comprises a plurality of inspection tools, the number of which is preferably between two and eight, preferably between four and six, more preferably equal to three. Thus, a plurality of inspections can be performed simultaneously during an inspection cycle.

[0090] Preferably, the support and movement means comprise at least one anthropomorphic robotic arm, preferably a plurality of anthropomorphic robotic arms, more preferably two anthropomorphic robotic arms, constrained to the upper part of the frame. The anthropomorphic robotic arms ensure high flexibility, since, due to their several degrees of freedom and through programming, the order of the inspections, the position of the tools during the inspection, etc. can be easily changed.

[0091] Preferably, each anthropomorphic robotic arm carries at least one inspection tool, preferably at least two inspection tools.Integrating multiple inspection tools on a single arm allows reducing the number of arms and the complexity / cost of the equipment.

[0092] Preferably, the tire is placed against the sidewall during advancement and inspection.

[0093] Preferably, during each of the steps, the tire is translated along the inspection path. This simple translation allows the duration of the steps to be limited. Furthermore, the translation time and speed remain the same from one inspection station to the next, since the main axis of rotation of the tires is always substantially in the same position, regardless of their size / type.

[0094] Preferably, during a rollover, the tire rotates about a rollover axis that is perpendicular to its axis of rotation. Preferably, the rollover axis is horizontal. Preferably, the rollover axis intersects the axis of rotation. In this way, inertia is minimized during a rollover.

[0095] Preferably, the duration of each time interval is between about 20 seconds and about 60 seconds, more preferably between about 25 seconds and about 40 seconds, and even more preferably about 30 seconds. Preferably, all time intervals have the same duration. This same duration is substantially equal to the time between one tire entering (or leaving) the inspection path / inspection apparatus and the subsequent tire entering (or leaving). This same duration is compatible with the build / production cycle time of the upstream build / production line.

[0096] Preferably, the duration of each inspection cycle is between approximately 2 s and approximately 8 s, preferably between approximately 4 s and approximately 6 s, more preferably equal to approximately 5 s. Thus, a plurality of successive inspection cycles are included in each inspection interval.

[0097] Preferably, the predetermined peripheral speed is between about 0.1 m / s and about 1.0 m / s, more preferably between 0.2 m / s and about 0.8 m / s.Such a peripheral speed allows limiting the duration of the inspection cycle and at the same time allows operating with complete safety and precision.

[0098] Preferably, during each of said inspection cycles, the tyre is caused to rotate at an angular speed that depends on the size of the tyre to be inspected.

[0099] Preferably, the angular velocity is between about 0.63 rad / s (360° / 10s) and about 3.14 rad / s (360° / 2s), more preferably between about 0.79 rad / s (360° / 8s) and about 2.09 rad / s (360° / 3s).

[0100] Preferably, during said time interval, the tyre is also centred relative to a reference system.

[0101] Preferably, the duration of centering is comprised between approximately 0.5 s and approximately 5 s, preferably equal to approximately 2 s.

[0102] Preferably, the duration of each of said steps is comprised between approximately 3 s and approximately 7 s, preferably equal to approximately 5 s.

[0103] Preferably, the first and second checking units together define an angle equal to 180°, alternatively equal to approximately 90°.The first and second checking units may be arranged at an angle in order to adapt the device to the space in which it is located.

[0104] Preferably, each inspection station comprises means for supporting and moving a tool arranged above a support.

[0105] Preferably, each anthropomorphic robotic arm has at least five axes of rotation, preferably six axes of rotation, more preferably seven axes of rotation.The number of degrees of freedom of the anthropomorphic robotic arm allows positioning the inspection tool in any position relative to the tire to be inspected.

[0106] Preferably, the inspection tool is carried at the end of an anthropomorphic robotic arm.

[0107] Preferably, during the inspection cycle, the tool is positioned in a radially outer position relative to the tyre.

[0108] Preferably, during the inspection cycle, the tool is positioned in a radially inner position relative to the tyre.

[0109] Preferably, the tool is positioned above the tire during the inspection cycle.

[0110] Preferably, during operation of the inspection apparatus and / or during implementation of the method according to the present invention, the inspection tools are integrally mounted on the corresponding anthropomorphic robotic arm. In other words, there is no need to change tools during the inspection phase (corresponding to the build / production phase), i.e., there is no need to install some tools and remove others. Changes can be made between one inspection phase and the next to perform equipment maintenance / repair and / or upgrade operations.

[0111] Preferably, the turning and conveying device comprises a pair of parallel and spaced apart supports which are rotatable about respective turning pins, said turning pins being preferably horizontal.The turning device is simple in structure, reliable and inexpensive.

[0112] Preferably, at least one of the support parts of the turning and conveying device comprises at least one movable conveying surface, preferably at least one conveyor belt.

[0113] Preferably, the frame, support and anthropomorphic robotic arm are substantially identical for all inspection stations.

[0114] Preferably, the inspection stations of each inspection unit are identical to one another, except that the inspection tools being managed may be different.

[0115] Preferably, the examination is of optical type (eg photography, offset speckle interferometry, holography, radiography, etc.), ultrasound type, mechanical type or a combination thereof.

[0116] Preferably, said inspection is performed on the outer surface of the tire (eg tread, shoulders, sidewalls, beads) and / or on the inner surface of the tire (eg on the impermeable elastomeric material layer or liner) and / or inside the tire.

[0117] Preferably, the inspection tool comprises: a camera, a light source (laser, LED, etc.), a mirror, a pressure element (wheel, cylinder), a radiography device.

[0118] The inspection device and method according to the present invention ensure high flexibility, since they allow, for example, adding or removing inspection stations / time intervals, changing the number of inspection cycles within one or more time intervals, changing the order of inspection cycles, adding or removing anthropomorphic robotic arms in one or more inspection stations, changing the detection tool to, for example, another inspection tool with better performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0119] Other features and advantages will become more apparent from the detailed description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a method and a device for inspecting tyres in a process and equipment for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels according to the invention.

[0120] A description, purely by way of non-limiting example, will be set out below with reference to a set of accompanying drawings, in which:

[0121] Figure 1 Schematically illustrates an apparatus for manufacturing tires for vehicle wheels;

[0122] Figure 2 Shows the Figure 1 An enlarged elevational view of an apparatus for inspecting tires provided with the equipment;

[0123] Figure 3 Shown Figure 2 Elevation views of different embodiments of the apparatus shown in;

[0124] Figure 4Shown Figure 2 A plan view of yet another embodiment of the apparatus shown in FIG.

[0125] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the elements of the apparatus belonging to the preceding figures;

[0126] Figure 6 Shows the Figure 2 perspective views of the different elements of the device;

[0127] Figure 7 Shows the use of Figure 1 Radial half-section view of a tire constructed with the equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0128] refer to Figure 1 , reference numeral 1 denotes as a whole an apparatus for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels.

[0129] exist Figure 7 , a tire 2 manufactured in the described setup is shown, said tire essentially comprising a carcass structure 3 having two carcass plies 4a, 4b. Applied within the carcass plies 4a, 4b is a layer of impermeable elastomeric material, or so-called liner 5. Two anchoring annular structures 6, each comprising a so-called bead core 6a carrying an elastomeric filler 6b in a radially outer position, engage the respective end flanges of the carcass plies 4a, 4b. The anchoring annular structures 6 are integrated near the region generally referred to as the "bead" 7, where the engagement between the tire 2 and the respective mounting rim typically occurs. A belt structure 8, comprising belt layers 8a, 8b, is applied circumferentially around the carcass plies 4a, 4b, and a tread band 9 is superimposed circumferentially on the belt structure 8. The belt structure 8 may be associated with so-called "underbelt inserts" 10, each of which is situated between the carcass plies 4a, 4b and one of the axially opposite end edges of the belt structure 8. Applied to the carcass plies 4a, 4b in laterally opposite positions are two sidewalls 11, each extending from a respective bead 7 to a respective lateral edge of the tread band 9. The portion of each sidewall 11 close to the lateral edge of the tread band 9 is called the shoulder of the tire.

[0130] When the tire is in use, the tire 2 has a centerline plane "M" ( Figure 7 ), said centerline plane being equidistant from the respective beads 7 and perpendicular to the main axis of rotation "XX" of the tire. The centerline plane "M" divides the tire 2 into a first axial half 2a and a second axial half 2b, the first and second axial halves being substantially mirror images of each other (except for the tread design which may be asymmetrical with respect to said centerline axis "M").

[0131] Figure 1The installation 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a tyre 2 production line 12 formed by a green tyre building device 13 and at least one moulding and vulcanising unit 14 operatively arranged downstream of the building device 13 .

[0132] exist Figure 1 In the non-limiting embodiment of the equipment 1 shown, the building device 13 comprises a carcass building line 15, at which a forming drum, not shown, moves between different stations for supplying semi-finished products, said different stations being arranged to form a carcass sleeve on each forming drum, said carcass sleeve comprising the carcass plies 4a, 4b, the liner 5, the anchoring annular structure and possibly at least a portion of the sidewall 11.

[0133] At the same time, in the outer sleeve building line 16, one or more auxiliary drums, not shown, move sequentially between different work stations, which are arranged to form an outer sleeve on each auxiliary drum, the outer sleeve comprising at least the belt structure 8, the tread band 9 and possibly at least a part of the sidewall 11.

[0134] The building apparatus 13 further comprises an assembly station 17 where the outer sleeve is coupled to the carcass sleeve.

[0135] In other, not shown, embodiments of the apparatus 1 , the building device 13 may be of a different type, for example arranged to form all the above-mentioned components on a single drum.

[0136] The built tire 2 is finally transferred to the molding and vulcanization unit 14 .

[0137] The finished tyres 2 from the production line 12, in particular from the moulding and vulcanising unit 14, leave sequentially one after the other with a predetermined frequency and a corresponding predetermined production cycle time "Tcp". Such a cycle time "Tcp" may be, for example, approximately 27 seconds.

[0138] Preferably, downstream of the production line 12 , the installation 1 comprises a device 18 for inspecting tyres, said device being configured to carry out an inspection of said tyres 2 after moulding and vulcanisation.

[0139] In combination or as an alternative, the installation 1 may comprise an identical device 18 for inspecting tyres, said device being configured to carry out an inspection of said tyres 2 at the end of the building process and before the moulding and vulcanisation steps.

[0140] exist Figure 1 、 2In the embodiment of the present invention and 3, the equipment 18 for inspecting tires arranged downstream of the molding and vulcanizing unit 14 includes a first inspection unit 19, which has an inlet 20 and a corresponding outlet 21, the inlet being for the finished tires 2 to be inspected from the production line 12. Downstream of the first inspection unit 19, a turning and conveying device 22 is arranged at the outlet 21 of the first inspection unit 19. A second inspection unit 23 is positioned downstream of the turning and conveying device 22, the second inspection unit having an inlet 24 and a corresponding outlet 25, the inlet being for the finished tires 2 from the turning and conveying device 22. The inlet 20 of the first inspection unit 19 constitutes the inlet of the equipment 18 for inspecting tires. The outlet 25 of the second inspection unit 23 constitutes the outlet of the equipment 18 for inspecting tires. The tires 2 to be inspected enter the inlet 20 one after another in sequence, follow the inspection path 26 in sequence to arrive at the interior of the equipment 18 for inspecting tires, and leave through the outlet 25. Along the inspection path 26 (which is Figure 1 and 2 ), the tire 2 undergoes a quality inspection in order to detect possible defects according to a mode that will be described below.

[0141] In an embodiment variant that is not shown, the first checking unit 19 and the second checking unit 23 are arranged at an angle to one another so as to define two straight sections of the checking path 26 .

[0142] exist Figure 3 In yet another embodiment variant shown in FIG, the first inspection unit 19 and the second inspection unit 23 are stacked on top of each other. The second inspection unit 23 is arranged above the first inspection unit 19 and the turning and conveying device 22 is arranged at the ends of the first inspection unit 19 and the second inspection unit 23. The turning and conveying device 22 is also configured to lift the tire 2 in such a way that it is brought from the first inspection unit 19 to the second inspection unit 23.

[0143] In all the above-described embodiments, the first inspection unit 19 includes the first inspection station 27 a , the second inspection station 27 b , and the third inspection station 27 c , which are arranged one after another in sequence along the inspection path 26 .

[0144] Each of the above-mentioned inspection stations 27a, 27b, 27c includes ( Figure 5, which shows a first inspection station 27a) frame 28 having a lower portion 29 configured to abut the ground and an upper portion 30 extending above lower portion 29. The illustrated frame 28 is formed by four vertical struts 31 arranged at the vertices of a square or rectangle in plan view. The vertical struts 31 are connected at the upper portion 30 by a pair of longitudinal upper crosspieces 32a (oriented parallel to the inspection path 26) and by a plurality of transverse upper crosspieces 32b (oriented perpendicular to the inspection path 26).

[0145] Identical vertical struts 31 are connected at the bottom at the lower portion 29 by a plurality of longitudinal lower crosspieces 33 a and by a plurality of transverse lower crosspieces 33 b.

[0146] The lower crosspieces 33a, 33b carry a support 34 defined by a turntable having a substantially horizontal abutment area 35 configured to receive and support the sidewall 11 of the finished tire 2 to be inspected. This abutment area 35 may be defined by the upper branch of a conveyor belt 36 (not shown in detail in the drawings) forming part of the support 34. The conveyor belt defines a transfer device 36 for transferring a tire 2 from one inspection station 27a, 27b, 27c to a subsequent inspection station 27b, 27c of the same inspection unit 19, 23 or to the turning and conveying device 22.

[0147] In more detail, Figure 5 In the embodiment shown in , the support 34 comprises a turntable articulated to the lower portion 29 about a vertical axis of rotation "Y". The turntable is preferably associated with a conveyor belt 36 which, during its translational movement, defines a conveying direction "X".

[0148] In a different embodiment that is not shown, instead of a conveyor belt, a plurality of motorized rollers could be provided on which the tire 2 rests directly.

[0149] Two anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a and 40b are mounted above support 34 and constrained to upper transverse crosspiece 32b. Each of these anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a and 40b has a base portion 41 connected to upper transverse crosspiece 32b and a series of elements arranged sequentially from base portion 41 and connected by joints. For example, each of these anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a and 40b has six or seven axes / degrees of freedom.

[0150] Each anthropomorphic robotic arm 40a, 40b extends outwardly from the transverse upper crosspiece 32b above the abutment area 35. In the illustrated embodiment, two base portions 41 of the anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b are mounted at opposite longitudinal ends of the longitudinal upper crosspiece 32a and at opposite corners of the frame 28. The base portions 41 are therefore not located directly above the support portion 34 but are moved to opposite sides thereof.

[0151] Each anthropomorphic robotic arm 40a, 40b carries one or more inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c at its distal end. Between the abutment area 35 and the aforementioned upper transverse rail 32b, the frame 28 defines a maneuvering space 44 for the anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b and for the inspection tools 43. The anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b define means for supporting and moving the tools 43a, 43b, 43c.

[0152] The first inspection station 27a, the second inspection station 27b and the third inspection station 27c all have the same above-mentioned structure, except that the types of tools 43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h carried by the corresponding anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, 40f are different.

[0153] For example, the first anthropomorphic robotic arm 40a of the first inspection station 27a carries a first inspection tool 43a comprising a first digital camera and a light source, such as an LED, adapted to illuminate the portion of the tire 2 captured by the first digital camera with diffuse light and / or light oriented substantially along the optical axis of the first camera, or with grazing light and / or light oriented obliquely relative to the optical axis of the first camera. The same first anthropomorphic robotic arm 40a also carries a second inspection tool 43b comprising a second camera and a laser oriented obliquely relative to the optical axis of the second camera in order to be able to highlight specific contours of the tire 2, such as contours on the radially inner portion of the tread band 9 or on the radially outer portion of the sidewall 11.

[0154] The second anthropomorphic robotic arm 40b of the first inspection station 27a carries a single third inspection tool 43c comprising a third digital camera and a light source spaced apart from the third camera (e.g. by a suitable small frame) and oriented according to a certain angle (preferably between about 60° and about 100°, for example about 90°) relative to the optical axis of the third camera so as to project a swept light onto the tire 2 capable of sharply highlighting defects in the tire 2 itself (e.g., cords emerging between the blocks of the tread band 9). The same inspection tool 43b preferably comprises a low-resolution scanner so as to be able to scan specific contours of the tire 2, for example, the radially inner portion of the tread band 9.

[0155] A third anthropomorphic robotic arm 40c, belonging to the second inspection station 27b, carries a fourth inspection tool 43d, similar or identical to the first inspection tool 43a, and comprising a fourth digital camera and a light source adapted to illuminate the portion of the tire 2 captured by the fourth digital camera with diffuse light and / or light oriented substantially along the optical axis of the fourth camera, or with swept light and / or light oriented obliquely relative to the optical axis of the fourth camera. The same third anthropomorphic robotic arm 40c also carries a fifth inspection tool 43e, comprising a fifth camera and a laser oriented obliquely relative to the optical axis of the fifth camera in order to highlight specific contours of the tire 2, such as the tread band 9 or the radially outer portion of the bead 7.

[0156] A fourth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40d, belonging to the second inspection station 27b, carries a single sixth inspection tool 43f, which includes a sixth camera and a laser. The laser is oriented obliquely relative to the optical axis of the sixth camera so as to highlight specific contours of the tire 2, such as the contour of the sidewall 11. The sixth inspection tool 43f also includes a mirror that intercepts the optical axis of the sixth camera so as to image a radially inner portion of the tire 2, such as a radially inner portion relative to the sidewall 11, the shoulder 5, or the bead 7. The mirror also intercepts the laser so that it is projected toward the imaged area.

[0157] The fifth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40e belonging to the third inspection station 27c carries a single seventh inspection tool 43g, which is similar to or identical to the first inspection tool 43a and includes a seventh digital camera and a light source, which is suitable for illuminating the portion of the tire 2 photographed by the seventh digital camera using diffuse light and / or light oriented basically along the optical axis of the seventh camera or using swept light and / or light oriented obliquely relative to the optical axis of the seventh camera.

[0158] A sixth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40f, belonging to the third inspection station 27c, carries an eighth inspection tool 43h, which is also similar or identical to the first inspection tool 43a and includes an eighth digital camera and a light source adapted to illuminate the portion of the tire 2 captured by the eighth digital camera with diffuse light and / or light oriented substantially along the optical axis of the eighth camera, or with swept light and / or light oriented obliquely relative to the optical axis of the eighth camera. The eighth inspection tool 43h also includes a mirror that intercepts the optical axis of the eighth camera so as to capture a radially inner portion of the tire 2.

[0159] In the third inspection unit 27 c, a pressure element 42 (e.g., a roller or wheel) is also installed, which is moved by an electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic actuator that is constrained to the frame 28 and independent of the anthropomorphic robot arm. This pressure element 42 is pressed against the sidewall 11 of the tire 2 in order to highlight possible structural defects of the sidewall (“weak sidewall” defect inspection).

[0160] Furthermore, the second inspection unit 23 includes a first inspection station 27a, a second inspection station 27b, and a third inspection station 27c arranged one after another in sequence along the inspection path 26. The inspection stations 27a, 27b, 27c of the second inspection unit 23 have been given the same reference numerals as the inspection stations 27a, 27b, 27c of the first inspection unit 19 because they are substantially the same as the inspection stations 27a, 27b, 27c (including the inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h) of the first inspection unit 19. Therefore, they will not be described in detail below.

[0161] The turning and conveying device 22 includes ( Figure 6) and a corresponding frame 45 configured to rest on the ground. The frame 45 carries a pair of parallel, spaced-apart side walls 47 hingedly connected to the frame about a tilting pin 46 defining a horizontal tilting axis "Z." In the illustrated embodiment, the walls 47 are vertical side panels. Two series of conveyor rollers 48 extend between the walls 47 and are rotatably coupled to the walls 47. Each series includes a plurality of conveyor rollers 48 that are parallel, horizontal, and coplanar so as to define a support portion with a movable conveying surface for the tire 2. Alternatively, two conveyor belts may be provided in place of the two series of conveyor rollers 48. The two series of conveyor rollers 48 are spaced apart from one another and define therebetween a seat 49 for receiving the tire 2 to be tilted. The seat 49 has opposing openings 50 for allowing the tire 2 to pass through, as will be described in more detail below. One or both of the openings 50 of the space 49 are selectively closed by a stop element 51 , for example a type of gate that is movable between a closed position and an open position.

[0162] A motor, not shown, is operatively connected to the side wall 47 in order to rotate the assembly formed by the wall 47 itself and by the conveyor rollers 48 about a turning axis "Z". Said assembly formed by the support 47 and by the conveyor rollers 48 is movable about said turning axis "Z" between a first position in which one series of conveyor rollers 48 is located below and parallel to the ground, and a second position in which another series of conveyor rollers 48 is located below.

[0163] When in the seat 49, the tire 2 rests with its sidewalls 11 on the lower series of conveyor rollers 48. A further motor, not shown, is operatively connected to at least one of the conveyor rollers 48 to thereby rotate it and translate the tire 2 in contact therewith. Stop elements 51 serve to prevent the tire 2 from falling outside the turning and conveying device 22 during turning.

[0164] exist Figure 1 and 2 In the embodiment of the present invention, the turning and conveying device 22 is located between the third inspection station 27 c belonging to the first inspection unit 19 and the first inspection station 27 a belonging to the second inspection unit 23. The turning axis “Z” is perpendicular to the inspection path 26, and in the first position or in the second position, the lower series of conveying rollers 48 is located substantially at the same height as the abutment area 35 of the third inspection station 27 c belonging to the first inspection unit 19 and the first inspection station 27 a belonging to the second inspection unit 23.

[0165] The first inspection unit 19 may also include a barcode scanner (not shown) located at the entrance 20 and configured to read a barcode identifying the incoming tires 2, the barcode being located on each of the tires 2. A similar barcode scanner may also be located at the exit 25 of the second inspection unit 23 for further identification. The barcode scanner may be positioned on either the upper or lower portion of the frame of the first inspection station 27a of the first inspection unit 19 or the third inspection station 27c of the second inspection unit 23 to read the barcode located on the upper or lower sidewall of the tire 2.

[0166] Furthermore, one or more fixed auxiliary cameras (not shown) with low resolution are located at the entrance 20 of the first inspection unit 21 and / or at the entrance 24 of the second inspection unit 23 for a first preliminary inspection of the tire, said auxiliary cameras being suitable for highlighting macro defects, for example.

[0167] The device 18 for inspecting tires is also provided with an electronic management unit (not shown), which is operably connected to the anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, 40f of the first inspection unit 19 and the second inspection unit 23, the inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h, the motor 38 for rotating the support part 34, the motor for driving the conveyor belt 36, possible further inspection tools and possible sensors arranged on the device 18 itself, the motor of the turning and conveying device 22.

[0168] Said electronic management unit may be the same electronic management unit of the entire installation 1 or it may be operatively connected to one or more other units dedicated to other parts of the installation 1. The electronic management unit manages the functions of the device 18 for inspecting tyres in coordination with the production line 12 situated upstream.

[0169] During use and according to the method for inspecting a tyre according to the invention (and with reference to Figure 1 and 2 ), each time a finished tire 2 leaves the vulcanization unit 14, it is transferred, for example by a conveyor, to the first inspection station 27a of the first inspection unit 19. The tire 2, which is not mounted on a rim (and is therefore deflated), is arranged so that its sidewall 11 is located on the upper branch of the corresponding conveyor belt 36. The above-mentioned conveyor belt 36 is oriented in such a way that its conveying direction "X" coincides with the direction of the inspection path 26. The tire 2, supported by its sidewall 11, is arranged so that its second axial half 2b is adjacent to the conveyor belt 36 and so that the first axial half 2a is directed upwards.

[0170] During entry into the first inspection station 27 a of the first inspection unit 19 , a barcode scanner reads the barcode situated on the upwardly pointing sidewall 11 of the tire 2 and the data reported therein are received by the electronic management unit which, based on, for example, the type of tire 2 , sets (if the tire leaving the production line 12 is the first tire) the predetermined inspection procedure or verifies that the procedure being carried out is the correct one for this tire 2 .

[0171] The tire 2, which a moment ago was outside the first inspection station 27a, moves one step of duration "Ts" of about 5 s and is brought by the conveyor belt 36 to the center of the support 34. The conveyor belt 36 then stops and with it the tire 2 stops moving in translation.

[0172] The tyre 2 remains in said first inspection station 27a for a first time interval.During the duration "Ti1" of said first time interval, a number of operations are performed on the tyre 2.

[0173] First, the electronic management unit performs a centering procedure to align the reference system of the tire 2 (centered on the main axis of rotation XX of the tire 2) with the centers of the reference systems of the first and second anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b and the first, second and third inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c. This centering procedure has a duration "Tcent" of approximately 2 seconds.

[0174] Subsequently, the first and second anthropomorphic robotic arms 40 a , 40 b move in the maneuvering space 44 until the respective first, second and third inspection tools 43 a , 43 b , 43 c are brought to the tire 2 .

[0175] In particular, the first anthropomorphic robotic arm 40a is brought into a position in which the first digital camera of the first tool 43a is positioned above the tire 2, opposite a radially outer portion of the tire's sidewall 11, and the second camera of the second tool 43b captures an adjacent portion of the same sidewall 11. The second anthropomorphic robotic arm 40b is brought into a position in which the third digital camera of the third tool 43c is brought into a radially inner position relative to the tire 2 and captures from the inside a portion of the tire 2, namely, the liner 5, located at the bead and belonging to the upwardly pointing first axial half 2a of the tire 2. The time required for this movement of the first and second anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b has a duration "Tmov" of approximately 1 second.

[0176] Subsequently, by keeping the inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c in a fixed position, the tire 2 is rotated around its main axis of rotation "XX" with the aid of the support 34 at a predetermined and constant circumferential speed of approximately 0.5 m / s (this speed does not vary with the diameter of the tire 2 to be inspected) until it completes a rotation angle of approximately 370°.

[0177] For example, for a tire 2 of type 255 / 55R19, this predetermined peripheral speed corresponds to an angular rotation speed of approximately 1.33 rad / s.

[0178] During this rotation, the part is illuminated and moves in front of a camera, which captures a sequence of received images. Because the rotation angle is greater than the full angle, the first and last images are duplicated. Three inspections are performed during this rotation, which constitutes the first inspection cycle and has a duration "Tc1" of approximately 5 seconds.

[0179] At this point, the first and second anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b are actuated again (Tmov=1s) until the respective first, second and third inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c are brought into different positions with respect to the first inspection cycle.

[0180] In particular, the first anthropomorphic robotic arm 40a is brought into a position in which the first digital camera of the first tool 43a is located in front of the outer portion of the shoulder of the tire 2 and the second camera of the second tool 43b captures the adjacent portion of the same shoulder. The second anthropomorphic robotic arm 40b is brought into a position in which the third digital camera of the third tool 43c is brought to the outside of the tire 2 and captures the bead belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upward from the outside.

[0181] Subsequently, by keeping the inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c in a fixed position, the tire is once again rotated about its main axis of rotation "XX" at the aforementioned circumferential speed, by means of the support 34, until it has completed a rotation of approximately 370°. During this rotation, which constitutes a second inspection cycle and has a duration "Tc2" of approximately 5 seconds, three further inspections are carried out.

[0182] At this point, the first and second anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b move again (Tmov=1s) and begin a third inspection cycle, during which three further inspections are performed over a third inspection cycle duration "Tc3" of approximately 5s. The first digital camera of the first tool 43a is positioned in front of a radially inner portion (liner) of the tire belonging to the upward-pointing first axial half 2a, and the second camera of the second tool 43b captures an adjacent portion of the same liner, which also belongs to the upward-pointing first axial half 2a. The second anthropomorphic robotic arm 40b is brought into a position where the third digital camera of the third tool 43c captures a portion of the tread belonging to the upward-pointing first axial half 2a from the outside.

[0183] At the end of this third inspection cycle, the first and second anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b move again (Tmov=1s) and begin a fourth inspection cycle, the duration of which is again approximately 5s, "Tc4," during which three further inspections are performed. The first digital camera of the first tool 43a is located in front of a further radially inner portion (liner) of the tire belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upward, and the second camera of the second tool 43b records an adjacent portion of the same liner, which also belongs to the first axial half 2a pointing upward. The second anthropomorphic robotic arm 40b is brought into a position in which the third digital camera of the third tool 43c is positioned radially outward relative to the tire 2 and records a different portion of the tread belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upward from the outside.

[0184] Once the fourth inspection cycle has ended, the first and second anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b move away from the tire 2 (Tmov=1s).

[0185] At the end of the fourth inspection cycle, twelve inspections have been performed in the first inspection station 27a and within the span of a first time interval, the duration of which is approximately 27 seconds (Ti1 = Tcent + Tmov + Tc1 + Tmov + Tc2 + Tmov + Tc3 + Tmov + Tc4 + Tmov).

[0186] As can be seen, the first, second and third inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c remained anchored to the respective first and second anthropomorphic robotic arms 40a, 40b throughout the four inspection cycles and twelve inspections.

[0187] All twelve inspections are performed on the portion of the first axial half 2a of the tyre 2 pointing upwards, since said portion is easily accessible to the inspection tools 43a, 43b, 43c suspended above the tyre 2 itself.

[0188] At this point, the tire 2 stops rotating and the conveyor belt 36 of the first inspection station 27a (on which the tire 2 is located) moves together with the conveyor belt 36 of the second inspection station 27b until the tire 2, still abutting the same sidewall 11, completes a step along the inspection path 26 and is brought substantially to the center of the support 34 of the second inspection station 27b. The duration "Ts" of this step is approximately 5 seconds. The conveyor belt 36 then stops, and with it the tire 2 it contains also stops translating.

[0189] The tyre 2 remains in said second inspection station 27b for a second time interval, wherein its first axial half 2a is still directed upwards. During the duration "Ti2" of said second time interval, a number of operations are performed on the tyre 2.

[0190] First, the electronic management unit once again carries out a centering procedure having a duration “Tcent” of approximately 2 s.

[0191] Subsequently, the third and fourth anthropomorphic robot arms 40c, 40d are actuated until the respective fourth, fifth and sixth inspection tools 43d, 43e, 43f are brought to the tire 2 (Tmov=1s).

[0192] In particular, the third anthropomorphic robotic arm 40c is brought into a position in which the fourth digital camera of the fourth tool 43d is located above the tire 2 or in a radially external position relative to the tire, in front of the radially external part of the tire bead 7 belonging to the first axial half 2a and the fifth camera of the fifth tool 43e captures an adjacent part of the same tire bead 7.

[0193] The fourth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40d is brought into a position in which the sixth digital camera of the sixth tool 43f is brought inside the tire 2 and films from the inside the radially inner portion of the same bead 7 of the tire 2 belonging to the first axial half 2a.

[0194] Subsequently, while maintaining inspection tools 43d, 43e, and 43f in a fixed position, the tire 2 is rotated by means of support 34 about its main rotation axis "XX" at a predetermined and constant circumferential speed of approximately 0.5 m / s, until it completes a rotation of approximately 370°. During this rotation, the aforementioned portion is illuminated and slides in front of the camera, which captures the sequence of received images. Because the rotation angle is greater than the circular angle, the first and last images are duplicated. Three inspections are performed during this rotation, which constitutes the fifth inspection cycle and has a duration "Tc5" of approximately 5 seconds.

[0195] At this point, the third and fourth anthropomorphic robotic arms 40c, 40d are actuated again until the respective fourth, fifth and sixth inspection tools 43d, 43e, 43f are brought to different positions relative to the fifth inspection cycle (Tmov=1s).

[0196] In particular, the third anthropomorphic robotic arm 40c is brought over the tire 2 and into a position where the fourth digital camera of the fourth tool 43d is located in front of a radially outer portion of the sidewall 11 of the tire 2 and the fifth camera of the fourth tool 43e captures an adjacent portion of the same sidewall 11.

[0197] The fourth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40d is brought into a position where the sixth digital camera of the sixth tool 43f is brought to the inside of the tyre 2 and films from the inside the portion of the carcass structure corresponding to the sidewall 11 belonging to the upwardly pointing first axial half 2a.

[0198] Subsequently, by keeping the inspection tools 43d, 43e, 43f in a fixed position, the tire 2 is once again rotated about its main axis of rotation "XX" at the aforementioned circumferential speed by means of the support 34, until it has completed a rotation of approximately 370°. During this rotation, three further inspections are carried out, said rotation constituting a sixth inspection cycle having a duration "Tc6" of approximately 5 seconds.

[0199] At this point, the third and fourth anthropomorphic robotic arms 40c, 40d move again (Tmov=1s) and start the seventh inspection cycle, during which three further inspections are performed in the duration "Tc7" of the seventh inspection cycle of approximately 5s.

[0200] The fourth digital camera of the fourth tool 43d is located in a radially outer position relative to the tire 2, in front of a radially outer portion of the tread 9 belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upwards, and the fifth camera of the fifth tool 43e records an adjacent portion of the same tread 9, which also belongs to the first axial half 2a. The fourth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40d is brought into a position in which the sixth digital camera of the sixth tool 43f records from the inside a portion of the carcass structure corresponding to the sidewall 11 belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upwards.

[0201] At the end of this seventh inspection cycle, the third and fourth anthropomorphic robotic arms 40c, 40d move again (Tmov=1s) and start an eighth inspection cycle, the duration "Tc8" of which is still about 5s, during which three further inspections are performed.

[0202] The fourth digital camera of the fourth tool 43d is located in front of a further radially outer portion of the tread 9 belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upwards, and the fifth camera of the fifth tool 43e records an adjacent portion of the same tread 9, still belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upwards. The fourth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40d is brought to a position in which the sixth digital camera of the sixth tool 43f is in a radially inner position relative to the tire 2 and records from the inside a portion of the shoulder belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upwards.

[0203] At the end of the eighth inspection cycle, twelve inspections have been performed in the second inspection station 27b and over the span of a second time interval, the duration of which is approximately 27 seconds (Ti2 = Tcent + Tmov + Tc5 + Tmov + Tc6 + Tmov + Tc7 + Tmov + Tc8 + Tmov).

[0204] As can be seen, the fourth, fifth and sixth inspection tools 43d, 43e, 43f remained anchored to the respective third and fourth anthropomorphic robotic arms 40c, 40d throughout the four inspection cycles and twelve inspections.

[0205] Furthermore, these twelve inspections are performed on the portion of the first axial half 2a of the tyre 2 pointing upwards, since said portion can be easily reached by the inspection tools 43d, 43e, 43f suspended above the tyre itself 2.

[0206] At this point, the tire 2 stops rotating and the conveyor belt 36 of the second inspection station 27b (on which the tire 2 is located) moves together with the conveyor belt 36 of the third inspection station 27c until the tire 2, still abutting the same sidewall 11, completes a step along the inspection path 26 and is brought substantially to the center of the support 34 of the third inspection station 27c. The duration "Ts" of the step is approximately 5 seconds. The conveyor belt 36 then stops, and with it the translation of the tire 2.

[0207] The tyre 2 remains in said third inspection station 27c for a third time interval, wherein its first axial half 2a is still directed upwards. During the duration "Ti3" of said third time interval, a number of operations are performed on the tyre 2.

[0208] First, the electronic management unit once again carries out a centering procedure, the duration of which is approximately 2 seconds.

[0209] Subsequently, the fifth and sixth anthropomorphic robot arms 40e, 40f are actuated until the respective seventh and eighth inspection tools 43g, 43h are brought to the tire 2 (Tmov=1s).

[0210] In particular, the fifth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40e is brought into a position where the seventh digital camera of the seventh tool 43g is located above the tire 2 and in front of the radially outer portion of the sidewall 11 belonging to the first axial half 2a. The sixth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40f is brought into a position where the eighth digital camera of the eighth tool 43h is brought into the tire 2 and films a portion of the shoulder of the tire 2 belonging to the first axial half 2a from the inside.

[0211] Furthermore, the pressure element 42 is lowered and pressed against the side wall 11 .

[0212] Subsequently, with inspection tools 43g, 43h held in a fixed position and pressure element 42 pressed against sidewall 11, tire 2 is rotated by means of support 34 about its main axis of rotation "XX" at a predetermined and constant circumferential speed of approximately 0.5 m / s, until it completes a rotation of approximately 370°. During this rotation, the aforementioned portion is illuminated and passes in front of a camera, which captures a sequence of received images. Because the rotation angle is greater than the circumferential angle, the first and last images are duplicated. Two inspections are performed during this rotation, which constitutes the ninth inspection cycle and has a duration "Tc9" of approximately 5 seconds.

[0213] At this point, the fifth and sixth anthropomorphic robot arms 40e, 40f are actuated again until the respective seventh and eighth inspection tools 43g, 43h are brought into different positions relative to the ninth inspection cycle, while the pressure element 42 remains pressed against the side wall 11 (Tmov=1s).

[0214] In particular, the fifth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40 e is brought above the tire 2 or in any case into a radially outer position relative to the tire 2 and into a position in which the seventh digital camera of the seventh tool 43 g is positioned in front of the radially outer portion of the bead 7 of the tire 2. The sixth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40 f is brought into a position in which the eighth digital camera of the eighth tool 43 h is brought into the tire 2 and films the bead 7 belonging to the upwardly pointing first axial half 2 a from the inside.

[0215] Subsequently, by keeping the inspection tools 43g, 43h in a fixed position and the pressure element 42 pressed against the sidewall 11, the tire 2 is once again rotated about its main axis of rotation "XX" at the aforementioned circumferential speed by means of the support 34, until it has completed a rotation of approximately 370°. During this rotation, two further inspections are carried out, said rotation constituting a tenth inspection cycle having a duration "Tc10" of approximately 5 seconds.

[0216] At this time, the fifth and sixth anthropomorphic robotic arms 40e, 40f move again (Tmov=1s) and start the eleventh inspection cycle, during which another inspection is performed (during the duration "Tc11" of the eleventh inspection cycle of about 5s).

[0217] The seventh digital camera of the seventh tool 43g is located in a rest position above the tire 2, since in this eleventh inspection cycle the eighth tool 43h is not used.

[0218] The sixth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40 f is brought into a radially inner position relative to the tyre 2 , in front of the inner portion of the side wall 11 belonging to the first axial half 2 a pointing upwards.

[0219] The fifth and sixth anthropomorphic robotic arms 40e, 40f move again (Tmov=1 s) and start the twelfth inspection cycle (the duration of which "Tc12" is still approximately 5 s), during which two further inspections are performed.

[0220] The seventh digital camera of the seventh tool 43g is located in front of a radially outer portion of a shoulder belonging to the first axial half 2a pointing upwards.

[0221] The eighth anthropomorphic robotic arm 40f is brought into a position in which the eighth digital camera of the eighth tool 43h is in a radially inner position relative to the tire 2 and photographs from the inside a portion of the carcass structure corresponding to the sidewall 11 belonging to the upwardly pointing first axial half 2a.

[0222] At the end of the twelfth inspection cycle, seven inspections have been performed in the third inspection station 27c and within the span of the third time interval, the duration of which, Ti3, is still approximately 27 seconds (Ti3 = Tcent + Tmov + Tc9 + Tmov + Tc10 + Tmov + Tc11 + Tmov + Tc12 + Tmov).

[0223] As can be seen, the seventh and eighth inspection tools 43g, 43h remained anchored to the respective fifth and sixth anthropomorphic robotic arms 40e, 40f throughout the four inspection cycles and seven inspections.

[0224] Furthermore, these seven checks are performed on the portion of the first axial half 2a of the tyre 2 pointing upwards, since said portion can be easily reached by the inspection tools 43g, 43h suspended above the tyre itself 2.

[0225] In the first inspection unit 19 and along the first portion 26a of the inspection path 26 defined by said first unit 19, the first axial half 2a of the tire 2 is subjected to thirty-one inspections for a total time of approximately 96s (adding together the durations of the time intervals "Ti1-Ti3" and the durations of the steps "Ts").

[0226] All the inspections shown are of optical type and cover the entire surface (inner and outer) of the first axial half 2a.

[0227] More generally, such examination may be of optical type (for example photography, offset speckle interferometry, holography, radiography, etc.), of ultrasonic type or of mechanical type or of a combination thereof.

[0228] At this point, the tire 2 stops rotating and the conveyor belt 36 of the third inspection station 27 c (on which the tire 2 is located) moves together with the conveyor rollers 48 of the turning and conveying device 22 until the tire 2, still in abutment with the same sidewall 11, completes a step along the inspection path 26 and is brought substantially to the center of the turning and conveying device 22. In this way, the turning axis "Z" is close to the main rotation axis "XX" of the tire 2 or intersects it.

[0229] The tire 2 enters through one of the openings 50, while the other opening is closed by the stop element 51. The duration "Ts" of this step is approximately 5 seconds. The conveyor belt 36 and the conveyor rollers 48 are then stopped and with them the translation of the tire 2 is stopped.

[0230] The assembly formed by the sidewalls 47, the conveyor rollers 48, and the tire 2 is turned 180° about the turning axis "Z." The first, upper axial half 2a of the tire 2 now faces the bottom, with the corresponding sidewall 7 resting on the conveyor rollers 48. The second, lower axial half 2b of the tire 2 now points upward. During the turning, the stop element 51 prevents the tire 2 from sliding outside the turning and conveying device 22.

[0231] Even if the turning is activated within a very short period of time, the tire 2 remains in the turning and conveying device 22 for a period of time equal to the longest of the three aforementioned time intervals "Ti1, Ti2, Ti3". In the illustrated case, all three intervals have the same duration and the dwell time has a duration "Tt" of approximately 27 seconds.

[0232] Subsequently, the tire 2 is transferred (Ts=5s) to the second inspection unit 23 by actuating the transfer rollers 48 and the conveyor belt 36 belonging to the first inspection station 27a of the second inspection unit 23, wherein the second half 2b of the tire is subjected to the same inspection as the first axial half 2a along the second portion 26b of the inspection path 26 under the above-mentioned mode and time (same number of time intervals, inspection cycles, inspections, same inspection sequence, etc.) for the first axial half 2a.

[0233] Both axial halves 2a, 2b have been thoroughly inspected upon leaving the exit of the second inspection unit 23. The total transit time "Ttran" of the tire 2 through the inspection path 26 is approximately 202 seconds (Ttran = Ts + Ti1 + Ts + Ti2 + Ts + Ti3 + Ts + Tt + Ts + Ti1 + Ts + Ti2 + Ts + Ti3 + Ts).

[0234] In operating conditions, each inspection station 27a, 27b, 27c of both the first and second inspection units 19, 23 and the turning and conveying device 22 receives a tire 2 that has sequentially exited the vulcanizing unit 14. The tire 2 is simultaneously and stepwise advanced along the inspection path 26 from one inspection station 27a, 27b, 27c to another inspection station 27a, 27b, 27c or the turning and conveying device 22 ("cyclic step" movement). Each of the steps has the aforementioned duration (Tmov = 5s). During the successive steps, the tire 2 remains in the corresponding inspection station 27a, 27b, 27c or in the turning and conveying device 222 for the same time (Ti1 = Ti2 = Ti3 = Tt = 27s).

[0235] This means that every 27 seconds, a tire 2 enters the tire inspection device 18 and a tire 2 exits the device 18. The inspection cycle time "Tcc" elapsed between the departure of one tire 2 inspected by the tire inspection device 18 and the departure of the subsequent tire 2 is therefore approximately 27 seconds (Tcc = Ti1 = Ti2 = Ti3 = Tt = 27 seconds). This inspection cycle time "Tcc" is therefore substantially equal to the production cycle time "Tcp," allowing the production line 12 to be synchronized with the tire inspection device 18. Each tire 2 exiting the production line 12 can enter the tire inspection device 18 directly without requiring an intermediate compensation area (buffer). Similarly, in the various embodiments described above, if the tire inspection device 18 is located downstream of the building device 13 and before the molding and vulcanization unit 14, and the building cycle time is substantially equal to the inspection cycle time, the building device 13 can be synchronized with the device 18, similarly allowing each tire 2 exiting the building device 13 to enter the device 18 itself directly without requiring an intermediate compensation area (buffer).

[0236] The same sequence of steps as described above is also performed by Figure 3 In addition to turning over the tyre 2, the only difference is that the turning and conveying device 22 also lifts the tyre 2 up to the level of the second inspection unit 23 and lowers it again after having unloaded the tyre 2 itself.

[0237] exist Figure 4 , another embodiment variant of the apparatus 18 for inspecting tires is shown, comprising: a single inspection unit 19, 23, which performs the functions of the first and second inspection units 19, 23 described above; and a turning and conveying device 22. The single inspection unit 19, 23 comprises three inspection stations 27a, 27b, 27c, which are arranged in sequence and as described in detail above. The apparatus 18 for inspecting tires also comprises an auxiliary conveying device 52, for example, Figure 4 The auxiliary conveying device 52 is operatively interposed between the exits 21, 25 and the entrances 20, 24 of the individual inspection stations 19, 25. The auxiliary conveying device 52 is configured to convey the tires 2 leaving the individual inspection stations 19, 23 to their entrances again.

[0238] In for example by Figure 4In a variant of this method implemented with a device, each tire 2 (as described above) is first progressively passed through the individual inspection stations 19, 23, with its sidewall 11 in contact and its first axial half 2a pointing upwards. The tire 2 is then turned over by the turning and conveying device 22 and reinserted into the individual inspection units 19, 23, where it is progressively passed through the same individual inspection stations 19, 23 a second time, with its opposite sidewall 11 in contact and its second axial half 2b pointing upwards. The inspection sequence is identical to that described above.

[0239] Between a tyre 2 coming from the production line 12 and a subsequent tyre 2 coming from the production line 12 , a tyre 2 that has been partially inspected (first axial half 2 a ) and comes from the same inspection unit 19 , 23 is inserted into said inspection unit 19 , 23 .

[0240] In this embodiment, the inspection cycle time "Tcc" is approximately twice the production cycle time "Tcp".

[0241] for Figure 1 and 2 In the embodiment of the present invention, considering the above times (Ti1-3, Tc1-4, Ts, Tcent, Tmov), the time elapsed between the departure of one tire 2 from the apparatus for inspecting tires 18 and the departure of the subsequent tire 2 is still approximately 27 seconds (Ti1=Ti2=Ti3=Tt=27 seconds), but only one tire 2 (first and second axial halves 2a, 2b) is fully inspected for every two tires. Therefore, the inspection cycle time "Tcc" (the time elapsed between the departure of one tire 2 fully inspected by the apparatus for inspecting tires 18 and the departure of the subsequent fully inspected tire 2) is 54 seconds.

[0242] A storage or buffer is preferably arranged between the production line 12 and the device 18 for inspecting tires.

Claims

1. A method for inspecting tires, each tire (2) having a main axis of rotation (XX) and an axial centerline plane (M), the method comprising: Advancing the tire (2) simultaneously and stepwise along the inspection path (26) and inspecting the tire (2) during the time intervals between successive steps; Wherein, for each tire in tire (2), it is specified that: ■ inspecting at least one first half (2a) of the tire (2) by performing a plurality of inspections along a first portion (26a) of the inspection path (26) so as to cover the entire surface of said first half (2a), including the inner surface and the outer surface, wherein the first half (2a) is the axial half of the tire (2) defined by said axial centerline plane (M); ■ turning over the tire (2) about a turning axis (Z) after exiting the first portion (26a) of the inspection path (26); ■ guiding the tire (2) to the entrance of the second portion (26b) of the inspection path (26); ■ inspecting at least one second half (2b) of the tire (2) by performing the same multiple inspections along the second portion (26b) of the inspection path (26) so as to cover the entire surface of the second half (2b), including the inner surface and the outer surface, wherein the second half (2b) is the other axial half of the tire (2) defined by the axial centerline plane (M); wherein, during each given one of said time intervals, a given tire (2) is located in an inspection station (27a, 27b, 27c) corresponding to the respective time interval and undergoes a plurality of successive inspection cycles for inspecting different annular portions of a given half of said given tire (2); wherein during each given one of the inspection cycles, the inspection tool (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h) is arranged in a fixed inspection position while the respective tire (2) rotates about the respective main rotation axis (XX); wherein between one inspection cycle and the next inspection cycle, the inspection tool (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h) is moved from an inspection position for the one inspection cycle to a different inspection position for the next inspection cycle; Thus, for the respective inspection cycles in each given time interval, different annular portions of the same half of the given tire (2) are inspected by the same inspection tool brought to different inspection positions at different inspection cycles; The method allows tires (2) of different sizes to be inspected and, during each given one of the inspection cycles, the tire (2) is caused to rotate at a circumferential speed that is predetermined and independent of the size of the tire (2) to be inspected, in order to obtain compatibility with the build / production cycle time according to the individual tire models.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first portion (26a) of the inspection path coincides with the second portion (26b) of the inspection path.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first portion (26a) of the inspection path is separated from the second portion (26b) of the inspection path.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The number of time intervals along the first portion (26a) of the inspection path (26) is equal to the number of time intervals along the second portion (26b) of the inspection path (26).

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The number of time intervals during which each axial half of each tire (2) is inspected is between three and five.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The inspection sequence along the first portion (26a) of the inspection path (26) is equal to the inspection sequence along the second portion (26b) of the inspection path (26).

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The number of inspections of the plurality of inspections ranges between twenty and forty.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein During each of said time intervals, the tire (2) undergoes a number of inspection cycles between two and eight.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein During each of said inspection cycles, the tyre (2) is rotated about the respective main axis of rotation (XX) through an angle of rotation (α) greater than 360°.

10. The method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, wherein During each of said inspection cycles, a plurality of inspections are performed on each of said at least one half (2a, 2b) of each tire (2).

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The plurality of examinations is between two and six.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein The inspection cycle time (Tc) between one tire (2) leaving / entering the inspection path (26) and the subsequent tire (2) leaving / entering is between 25s and 35s.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein The tilt axis (Z) is perpendicular to the main rotation axis (XX) and belongs to the axial centerline plane (M).

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein The inspection tools (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h) are supported and moved by corresponding anthropomorphic robot arms (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, 40f).

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein The inspection of the entire surface of each axial half of each tire (2) is grouped into different time intervals.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein At each time interval, both the outer and inner portions of the tire (2) are inspected.

17. An apparatus for inspecting tires, each tire having a main axis of rotation (XX) and an axial centerline plane (M), the apparatus comprising: a first inspection unit (19) having an inlet (20) for the tire (2) and comprising a plurality of inspection tools (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h), the first inspection unit (19) being configured for inspecting at least one first half (2a) of a given tire (2) so as to cover the entire surface of the first half (2a), including the inner surface and the outer surface, wherein the first half (2a) is the axial half of the tire (2) defined by the axial centerline plane (M); a second inspection unit (23) having an outlet (25) for the tire (2) and comprising a plurality of inspection tools (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h), the second inspection unit (23) being configured for inspecting at least one second half (2b) of said given tire (2) so as to cover the entire surface of said second half (2b), including the inner surface and the outer surface, wherein the second half (2b) is the other axial half of the tire (2) defined by said axial centerline plane (M); a turning and conveying device (22) operatively interposed between the first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23); The first inspection unit (19), the second inspection unit (23) and the turning and conveying device (22) define an inspection path (26) which is constructed in such a way that each tire (2) can pass through it step by step; wherein the first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23) comprise identical inspection tools (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h) configured to perform identical inspections on at least corresponding axial halves (2a, 2b) of the tire (2); The turning and conveying device (22) is configured to turn the tire (2) around a turning axis (Z); wherein the first inspection unit and the second inspection unit each include at least one inspection station; Each inspection station (27a, 27b, 27c) comprises: a support (34) for a tire (2) to be inspected; at least one of the inspection tools (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h); and a transfer device (36) for transferring the tire (2) from the inspection station (27a, 27b, 27c) to a subsequent inspection station (27a, 27b, 27c) of the same inspection unit (19, 23) or to a turning and conveying device (22); the support (34) is a turntable rotating around a corresponding vertical rotation axis (Y); and the transfer device (36) comprises at least one movable conveying surface connected to the support (34); Each inspection station (27a, 27b, 27c) comprises a frame (28) provided with: a lower portion (29) carrying a support portion (34); and an upper portion (30) carrying a support and movement device for supporting and moving an inspection tool (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h); wherein each inspection station corresponds to a time interval during which at least half of each tire is inspected; wherein, during each given one of said time intervals, a given tire (2) is located in an inspection station (27a, 27b, 27c) corresponding to the respective time interval and undergoes a plurality of successive inspection cycles for inspecting different annular portions of a given half of said given tire (2); wherein during each given one of the inspection cycles, the inspection tool (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h) is arranged in a fixed inspection position while the respective tire (2) rotates about the respective main rotation axis (XX); wherein between one inspection cycle and the next inspection cycle, the inspection tool (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h) is moved from an inspection position for the one inspection cycle to a different inspection position for the next inspection cycle; Thus, for the respective inspection cycles in each given time interval, different annular portions of the same half of the given tire (2) are inspected by the same inspection tool brought to different inspection positions at different inspection cycles; The device allows the inspection of tires (2) of different sizes and, during each given one of the inspection cycles, causes the tire (2) to rotate at a circumferential speed that is predetermined and independent of the size of the tire (2) to be inspected, in order to obtain compatibility with the build / production cycle time according to the individual tire models.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein The first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23) coincide, and the turning and conveying device (22) is configured to turn over the tire (2) from the outlet (25) of the inspection unit (19, 23) and transfer it to the inlet (20) of the same inspection unit (19, 23).

19. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein The first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23) are separated and arranged sequentially in space, and the turning and conveying device (22) is configured to turn over the tire (2) from the first inspection unit (19) and transfer it to the second inspection unit (23).

20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: The first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23) each include a plurality of inspection stations (27a, 27b, 27c).

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein The first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23) each include a number of inspection stations (27a, 27b, 27c) between three and four.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein The first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23) include the same number of inspection stations (27a, 27b, 27c).

23. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: The first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23) are substantially identical.

24. Apparatus according to any one of claims 17 and 19 to 23, wherein The first inspection unit (19), the turning and conveying device (22) and the second inspection unit (23) are aligned with one another along a substantially rectilinear path.

25. Apparatus according to any one of claims 17 and 19 to 23, wherein The first inspection unit (19) and the second inspection unit (23) are stacked on each other, and the turning and conveying device (22) is located at the outlet (21) of the first inspection unit (19) and at the inlet (24) of the second inspection unit (23).

26. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: The support portion (34) has at least one substantially horizontal abutment area (35) configured to receive and support the sidewall (11) of the tire (2).

27. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: Each inspection station (27a, 27b, 27c) includes between two and eight inspection tools (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h).

28. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein: The support and movement means comprises at least one anthropomorphic robotic arm (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, 40f) constrained to an upper portion (30) of a frame (28).

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein Each anthropomorphic robotic arm (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, 40f) carries at least two inspection tools (43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, 43f, 43g, 43h).

30. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: The tilt axis (Z) is perpendicular to the main rotation axis (XX) and belongs to the axial centerline plane (M).

31. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: The inspection of the entire surface of each axial half of each tire (2) is grouped into different inspection stations.

32. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: At each inspection station, the outer and inner parts of the tire (2) are inspected simultaneously.

33. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: The turning and conveying device (22) comprises a pair of parallel and spaced apart support parts, and at least one of the support parts of the turning and conveying device (22) comprises at least one movable conveying surface.

34. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein: The turning and transporting device (22) comprises a stop element (51) which is movable between a closed position and an open position for selectively closing one or both openings (50) of the turning and transporting device (22).

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