Method and module for power detection

Abstract

Exemplary embodiments of a method and system for power detection in RF circuits are disclosed for providing gain compensation for vehicle systems. In the exemplary embodiments, a module (e.g., a front-end module (FEM), a compensator, etc.) includes a gain modifier, a power detector, and a controller. The power detector is configured to detect a power output of the gain modifier. The controller is configured to determine an average value of n samples collected by the power detector. The controller is further configured to determine a bound on a ratio of the n samples to the mean values. The controller is further configured to adjust a detected value of the power detector based on the average value and the bound on the ratio to the mean value.

Description

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 133,438, filed on January 4, 2021, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of power detection, and more particularly (but not exclusively) to the field of power detection in RF circuits used to provide gain compensation for vehicle systems. Background Art

[0004] In a modern vehicle, it is expected that RF signals will be transmitted and / or received from the vehicle. Whether the driver and / or passenger's personal mobile device or a system used in the vehicle to communicate with the outside world is used, it is expected that signals will need to be transmitted and / or received. However, as can be appreciated, the design of a vehicle is not well suited to transmitting RF signals because the large amount of metal used significantly attenuates the signal.

[0005] To address the attenuation issue, vehicles may include an antenna on their exterior and connect it to a transceiver inside the vehicle. Because it's difficult to place the transceiver directly adjacent to the antenna, the connection between the antenna and transceiver is often made via a cable, allowing for a relatively reliable and stable link. Unfortunately, this link also introduces attenuation. As a result, the power level provided by the transceiver differs from the power level of the signal transmitted from the antenna. This potential discrepancy is further exacerbated by temperature variations (since temperature changes affect the attenuation of the link).

[0006] To address attenuation in the link, a compensator (or compensator) may be provided. The compensator is typically placed close to the antenna and functions by adjusting the gain of the signal so that the signal transmitted from the antenna more closely matches the signal intended to be transmitted by the transceiver. In simple compensator systems, there is an initial calibration step, and the system then uses a temperature lookup table to determine how to change the gain provided by the compensator without further feedback control, as most of the variation in such RF systems is related to temperature changes. In more complex systems, a feedback or feedforward loop is provided to regularly monitor the signal output and ensure that it matches the desired output level. However, a problem that arises in both simple and complex systems is that measuring power levels is not as simple as one might imagine. The most straightforward way to measure power levels is through the use of a diode detector. Such detectors typically employ rectification to convert the RF signal into a DC signal, thereby providing a voltage that can be used to determine RF power. This can prove to provide less accuracy than desired, as variations in the signal's modulation affect the detected voltage. A significantly more accurate alternative would be to include a true RMS detector circuit but such a circuit adds substantial cost to a system and is therefore less desirable for high volume systems where cost is a significant factor. Consequently, further improvements in RF power level detection would be appreciated by certain segments of the population. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This section provides a general summary of the disclosure and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.

[0008] Exemplary embodiments of a method and system for power detection in RF circuits are disclosed for providing gain compensation for vehicle systems. In the exemplary embodiments, a module (e.g., a front-end module (FEM), a compensator, etc.) includes a gain modifier, a power detector, and a controller. The power detector is configured to detect a power output of the gain modifier. The controller is configured to determine an average value of n samples collected by the power detector. The controller is further configured to determine a bound on a ratio of the n samples to the mean values. The controller is further configured to adjust a detected value of the power detector based on the average value and the bound on the ratio to the mean value.

[0009] Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein.The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The present application is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate similar parts, and in which:

[0011] Figure 1A and Figure 1B is a block diagram of example vehicular communication systems each including a gain modifier, a power detector, and a controller according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2 is the arithmetic mean, maximum peak-to-average ratio (maxPAR), and compensated RMS (P detRMS ) versus measured output power (50 resource blocks with 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)).

[0013] Figure 3 It is a line plot of the minimum peak-to-average ratio (minPAR) and the arithmetic mean (MEAN) versus the measured output power for three signals under different modulation schemes (QSPK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation and 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) modulation) and resource block allocation.

[0014] Figure 4 is a line graph of maximum peak-to-average ratio (maxPAR) and minimum peak-to-average ratio (minPAR) of power detector error in decibels (dB) for different input powers in decibel milliwatts (dBm), desired input power (dBm), and temperature in degrees Celsius (°C). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following detailed description describes exemplary embodiments and is not intended to be limited to the explicitly disclosed combinations. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, features disclosed herein may be combined to form further combinations that are not shown for the sake of brevity.

[0016] In a V2X compensator with and without variable gain control, it is necessary to accurately determine the output power. However, as recognized herein, this can be problematic for available power detectors for various RF signals, given the different modulation schemes and resource block allocations for two different standards used for V2X communications, specifically 802.11p (pWlan / DSRC) and C-V2X (LTE). Depending on the signal characteristics, the power calculated by the power detector may differ from the actual RMS value of the signal.

[0017] To achieve the required output power accuracy, the output power at the V2X compensator needs to be measured. However, as explained above, diode detectors provide lower accuracy than necessary because variations in the signal's modulation affect the detected voltage. Furthermore, while true RMS detector circuits offer a significantly more accurate alternative to diode detectors, they add significant cost to a system and are therefore less desirable for high-volume systems where cost is a significant factor.

[0018] With this in mind, methods and systems have been developed and / or disclosed herein for accurately determining output power using existing power detectors. As disclosed herein, a control unit of a compensator can be configured to sample data from a power detector (e.g., a diode detector). This provides a detector average and a maximum / minimum envelope value that are dependent on the characteristics of the modulated signal. The detector average and the minimum and / or maximum values ​​of the signal envelope are used to determine the actual RMS value of the RF power. Consequently, the output power measured using the power detector can be accurately determined as needed to control the compensator's gain and ensure compliance with further RF standards.

[0019] Figure 1A and Figure 1B An exemplary vehicle-to-vehicle communication system 100 is shown, each including a telematics control unit (TCU) 104, an antenna 108, and a V2X compensator or module 112, according to an exemplary embodiment. In addition to the configuration of a power detector 120 (e.g., a diode detector, etc.), Figure 1A The system 100 shown is substantially the same as Figure 1B More specifically, Figure 1A The power detector 120 is shown within an amplifier 136 of a gain modifier 124, and Figure 1B A signal coupler 119 is shown between the amplifier 136 and the power detector 120 within the gain modifier 124. In addition to the different embodiments of the power detector 120, Figure 1A and Figure 1B The illustrated systems 100 are essentially identical and are therefore described together for simplicity.

[0020] The V2X compensator 112 is generally disposed between the TCU 104 and the antenna 108. The V2X compensator 112 includes a control unit 116 (e.g., a microcontroller (MCU)). The control unit 116 is configured to sample data from a power detector 120 (e.g., a passive diode detector, other simplified or primitive detector, etc.). The control unit 116 includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 117, from which sampling points are obtained for performing the calculations disclosed herein. The sampled power detector signal can be used to determine an average value and maximum / minimum envelope values. These values ​​can be evaluated and used to determine an actual RMS value of the RF power, thereby improving the RMS output power level accuracy of the power detector 120.

[0021] The V2X compensator 112 may be positioned relatively close to the antenna 108. A gain modifier 124 of the V2X compensator 112 may be configured to be operable to adjust the gain of the signal transmitted from the antenna 108 so that the signal more closely resembles the signal intended to be transmitted by the transceiver.

[0022] The gain modifier 124 includes a variable gain amplifier 128, an attenuator 132, and an amplifier 136 along the Tx (transmit) path between the first switching element 144 and the second switching element 148. Figure 1A In the exemplary embodiment shown, the power detector 120 is located within the amplifier 136. However, for Figure 1B In the exemplary embodiment shown, gain modifier 124 also includes a signal coupler 119 between amplifier 136 and power detector 120 , such that power detector 120 is not located within amplifier 136 .

[0023] The variable gain amplifier 128, the attenuator 132, and the amplifier 136 are connected in series so that the attenuator 132 can be operable to attenuate the signal received from the variable gain amplifier 128. The attenuated signal can then be sent from the attenuator 132 to the amplifier 136 for amplification. The attenuator 132 can be a variable attenuator, a step attenuator, or a fixed attenuator. The attenuator 132 can be controlled by a voltage, a current, a digital signal, or the like.

[0024] The first switching element 144 and the second switching element 148 may include an RF switch that selectively activates a transmission path (Tx path) or a reception path (Rx path).

[0025] In other exemplary embodiments, the gain modifier 124 may include a ratio Figure 1A and 1B14. The gain modifier 124 may be configured to include fewer components, more components, and / or different components. For example, in alternative embodiments, the gain modifier 124 may include one or more (but not necessarily all) of the variable gain amplifier 128, the attenuator 132, the amplifier 136, or a combination thereof. The gain modifier 124 may also or alternatively be disposed along the Rx (receive) path 140 between the first switching element 144 and the second switching element 148. Another alternative location for the gain modifier 124 is between the signal coupler 156 and the first switching element 144.

[0026] A filter 152 is provided between the control unit 116 and the power detector 120. A signal coupler 156 is provided between the TCU 104 and the first switching element 144. A filter 160 is provided between the second switching element 148 and the antenna 108. For example, the signal coupler 156 may be a simple PCB trace RF coupler, a chip-based directional coupler, or a bidirectional coupler.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1A and 1B The various components shown may be entirely integrated or contained within a single integrated component or module. For example, the V2X compensator 112, the control unit 116, the power detector 120, the gain modifier 124, the variable gain amplifier 128, the attenuator 132, the amplifier 136, the first and second switching elements 144 and 148, the filters 152 and 160, and the signal coupler 156 may be entirely integrated or contained within a single integrated component or module. The antenna 108 (e.g., a V2X antenna configured to operate using Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) signals and / or C-V2X signals, etc.) may also be integrated or contained within the antenna component or module.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1A and Figure 1B The control unit 116 is shown configured to determine an average value of n samples obtained by the power detector 120. The control unit 116 is further configured to determine a boundary of a mean ratio for the n samples. The control unit 116 is further configured to adjust a detected value of the power detector 120 based on the average value and the boundary of the mean ratio. As explained below, the control unit 116 is configured to determine an actual RMS value of RF power (P) via the following equation: detRMS ) and then by the determined compensated value (P detRMS ) to adjust the detected value of the power detector 120.

[0029] The sampled power detector signal: SampledSignal = V1, V2, ..., V n

[0030] The maximum peak value of the sampled signal:

[0031] maxPeak=max(SampledSignal)

[0032] The minimum peak value of the sampled signal:

[0033] minPeak = min(SampledSignal)

[0034] The MEAN calculation can be either the arithmetic mean or the root mean square mean. The following formulas use the term MEAN, with the understanding that the term MEAN can be either the arithmetic mean or the square root mean square mean.

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] The peak-to-average ratio (PAR) can be determined using the minimum peak value (minPeak) of the sampled signal or the maximum peak value (maxPeak) of the sampled signal. The following equations use the term xPAR, with the understanding that xPAR can be either maxPAR or minPAR. By way of example, a minimum peak-to-average ratio (minPAR) can be preferred for high output power levels due to compression of a power amplifier (PA).

[0038] maxPAR=maxPeak-MEAN

[0039] minPAR=MEAN-minPeak

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the compensated RMS value (P detRMS ) is determined using the following formula:

[0041] PdetRMS = MEAN + X(xPAR, MEAN)

[0042] Here, X refers to a value from a compensation look-up table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the to-the-mean ratio. In an alternative embodiment, X refers to a value determined by a function that relates the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the to-the-mean ratio.

[0043] In another exemplary embodiment, the compensated RMS value (P detRMS ) is determined using the following formula:

[0044]

[0045] Here, Vk refers to the sampled power detector signal, and A refers to a value determined by a function that relates the boundary (xPAR) and the average value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the average value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0046] In a further exemplary embodiment, the compensated RMS value (P detRMS ) is determined using the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] Here, Vk refers to the sampled power detector signal, and B refers to a value determined by a function that relates the boundary (xPAR) and the average value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the average value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0049] After determining the compensated RMS value (P detRMS ) after which the control unit 116 is configured to calculate the RMS value (P detRMS ) adjusts the detected value of the power detector 120 (e.g., a diode detector, etc.). In turn, this allows for improved RMS output power level accuracy of the power detector 120 and / or provides a more accurate determination of the output power required to control the gain of the compensator 112.

[0050] Figure 2 is a one-line graph generally showing RMS accuracy versus measured output power (50 resource blocks with 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)). Figure 2 The arithmetic mean, maximum peak-to-average ratio (maxPAR), and compensated RMS (P detRMS ). In this example, the compensation RMS (P detRMS ) is determined by the following formula:

[0051] P detRMS =arithmetic MEAN+X(maxPAR,arithmetic MEAN)

[0052] Here, X refers to a value from a compensation lookup table implementation corresponding to maxPAR and arithmetic MEAN.

[0053] Figure 3is a line graph generally showing RMS accuracy versus measured output power for three signals under different modulation schemes and resource block allocations. Figure 3 The minimum peak-to-average ratio (minPAR) value is shown at the top and the arithmetic mean (MEAN) value is shown at the bottom, with the high spread depending on the modulation scheme and resource block allocation. Generally, the resulting MEAN, detected by a diode detector, shows the deviation between the actual power output level and the detected power output level. There is a significant difference in the error between QSPK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation and 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) modulation. Modulation-based differences in the detected power can occur because simplified or primitive detectors (such as passive diode detectors, etc.) cannot track the rapidly changing signal shapes of these modulations. It is also impossible to determine the modulation in advance because it is not known how much bandwidth and / or how many resource blocks will be allocated to a particular signal (because the allocation depends on external factors).

[0054] Figure 4 is a line graph of the maximum peak-to-average ratio (maxPAR) and minimum peak-to-average ratio (minPAR) of the power detector error in decibels (dB) at different input powers in decibel milliwatts (dBm), desired input power (dBm), and temperature in degrees Celsius (°C). In general, Figure 4 The advantage of minPAR compared to maxPAR at high output power levels is shown. When high output power levels occur, the maximum value is affected by compression / saturation of the power amplifier (clipping), which is achieved by Figure 4 However, when the minimum value is used for high output power levels, the "clipping" effect of the power amplifier compression can be avoided by Figure 4 For low input power levels, the opposite may occur, as this is limited by the noise and / or dynamic range of the detector, whereby maxPAR is preferred.

[0055] In some embodiments, a module includes: a gain modifier; a power detector configured to detect a power output of the gain modifier; and a controller. The controller is configured to determine an average value of n samples collected by the power detector. The controller is further configured to determine a boundary of a ratio of the average values ​​of the n samples. The controller is configured to adjust a detected value of the power detector based on the average value and the boundary of the ratio of the average values. The average value can be an arithmetic mean or a root mean square average. The boundary can be a minimum value or a maximum value.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the bound on the peak-to-average ratio (xPAR) is a maximum peak-to-average ratio (maxPAR), and the controller is configured to determine the maximum peak-to-average ratio by subtracting the average value from a maximum peak value of the n samples acquired by the power detector.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the bound on the peak-to-average ratio (xPAR) is a minimum peak-to-average ratio (minPAR), and the controller is configured to determine the minimum peak-to-average ratio by subtracting a minimum peak value of the n samples acquired by the power detector from the average value.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the boundary is a maximum peak value of the n samples acquired by the power detector, and the controller is configured to determine the boundary of the ratio to mean (xPAR) by subtracting the mean value from the maximum peak value.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the boundary is a minimum peak value of the n samples acquired by the power detector, and the controller is configured to determine the boundary of the ratio to the mean (xPAR) by subtracting the minimum peak value from the average value.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller is configured to determine the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS ):

[0061] PdetRMS = MEAN + X(xPAR, MEAN)

[0062] X refers to a value from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller is configured to determine the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS ):

[0064] PdetRMS = MEAN + X(xPAR, MEAN)

[0065] Here, X refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the parity ratio to each other.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller is configured to determine the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS ):

[0067]

[0068] Wherein, Vk refers to the sampled power detector signal; and

[0069] Here, A refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller is configured to determine the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS ):

[0071]

[0072] where Vk refers to the sampled power detector signal; and

[0073] Here, B refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller is configured to compensate (P detRMS ) to adjust the value detected by the power detector. And, the compensation (P detRMS ) Adjustment of the detected value of the power detector can improve the RMS output power level accuracy of the power detector.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, the module is configured to support the DSRC / 802.11p standard and the c-V2X LTE standard for V2X.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the module is configured for use with at least one modulated signal having a non-constant signal envelope.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the module is configured for use with at least one modulated signal having a non-constant signal envelope including one or more of a dedicated short range communication (DSRC) signal, a C-V2X signal, a 5G new radio signal, and / or a WLAN signal.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the power detector includes a diode detector.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, the gain modifier includes a variable gain amplifier, an attenuator, and an amplifier connected in series.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the module is a V2X front-end module (FEM).

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, a V2X compensator includes a module as disclosed herein.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, an in-vehicle V2X communication system includes a telematics control unit (TCU), at least one antenna configured to operate using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) signals and / or C-V2X signals, and a module as disclosed herein.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, a vehicle communication system includes a telematics control unit (TCU), at least one antenna configured to operate with at least one modulated signal having a non-constant signal envelope, and a module as disclosed herein. The at least one modulated signal having a non-constant signal envelope may include a dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) signal, a C-V2X signal, a 5G new radio signal, and / or a WLAN signal.

[0084] In some embodiments, a method includes determining an average value of n power detector signal samples collected by a power detector; determining a boundary for a ratio of the average values ​​of the n power detector signal samples; and adjusting a detected value of the power detector based on the average value and the boundary for the ratio of the average values. The average value may be an arithmetic average or a root mean square average. The boundary may be a minimum value or a maximum value.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes determining a maximum peak value of the n power detector signal samples, and determining the bound on the ratio of the n power detector signal samples to a mean value (xPAR) includes subtracting the mean value from the maximum peak value.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes determining a minimum peak value of the n power detector signal samples, and determining the bound on the ratio of the n power detector signal samples to the mean (xPAR) includes subtracting the minimum peak value from the mean value.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes determining the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following equation: detRMS ):

[0088] P detRMS =MEAN+X(xPAR, MEAN)

[0089] X refers to a value from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes determining the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following equation: detRMS ):

[0091] P detRMS =MEAN+X(xPAR, MEAN)

[0092] Here, X refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the parity ratio to each other.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes determining the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following equation: detRMS ):

[0094]

[0095] Wherein, Vk refers to the sampled power detector signal; and

[0096] Here, A refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the method includes determining the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following equation: detRMS ):

[0098]

[0099] where Vk refers to the sampled power detector signal; and

[0100] Here, B refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, adjusting the detected value of the power detector based on the average value and the boundary of the ratio to the mean includes compensating (P detRMS ) to adjust the detected value of the power detector. And, by the compensation (P detRMS) to adjust the detected value of the power detector can improve the RMS output power level accuracy of the power detector.

[0102] In an exemplary embodiment of the method, the power detector includes: a diode detector configured to detect a power output of a gain modifier of a V2X front-end module (FEM).

[0103] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes computer-readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to: determine an average value of n power detector signal samples collected by a power detector; determine a boundary for a ratio of the average values ​​of the n power detector signal samples; and adjust a detected value of the power detector based on the average value and the boundary for the ratio of the average value. The average value may be an arithmetic average or a root mean square average. The boundary may be a minimum value or a maximum value.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the computer-readable instructions enable the at least one processor to: determine a maximum peak value of the n power detector signal samples; and determine the bound on the to-mean ratio (xPAR) of the n power detector signal samples by subtracting the average value from the maximum peak value.

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the computer-readable instructions enable the at least one processor to: determine a minimum peak value of the n power detector signal samples; and subtract the minimum peak value from the average value to determine the bound on the to-mean ratio (xPAR) of the n power detector signal samples.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the computer-readable instructions enable the at least one processor to: determine the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS ):

[0107] P detRMS =MEAN+X(xPAR, MEAN)

[0108] X refers to a value from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0109] In an exemplary embodiment, when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the computer-readable instructions enable the at least one processor to: determine the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS ):

[0110] P detRMS =MEAN+X(xPAR, MEAN)

[0111] Here, X refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the parity ratio to each other.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the computer-readable instructions enable the at least one processor to: determine the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS ):

[0113]

[0114] Wherein, Vk refers to the sampled power detector signal; and

[0115] Here, A refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0116] In an exemplary embodiment, when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the computer-readable instructions enable the at least one processor to: determine the compensation (P) for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS ):

[0117]

[0118] where Vk refers to the sampled power detector signal; and

[0119] Here, B refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary (xPAR) and the mean value (MEAN) of the ratio to the mean.

[0120] In an exemplary embodiment, when the computer readable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the computer readable instructions enable the at least one processor to: detRMS) to adjust the detected value of the power detector.

[0121] In an exemplary embodiment, when the computer readable instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the computer readable instructions enable the at least one processor to: detRMS ) Adjustment of the detected value of the power detector improves the RMS output power level accuracy of the power detector.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment of the non-transitory computer-readable medium, the power detector includes: a diode detector configured to detect a power output of a gain modifier of a V2X front-end module (FEM).

[0123] Exemplary embodiments of the modules (e.g., front-end modules (FEMs), compensators, etc.), systems (e.g., V2X (e.g., C-V2X and DSRC, etc.) communication systems, etc.), and methods disclosed herein can be used with a wide range of platforms, including cars, buses, trains, motorcycles, ships, and other mobile platforms. Accordingly, references herein to vehicles should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to any specific type of platform. Additionally, exemplary embodiments of the modules, systems, and methods disclosed herein should not be limited to only the DSRC / 802.11p standard and the c-V2X LTE standard for V2X, as the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein can be used with any modulated signal with a non-constant signal envelope (such as 5G new radio, WLAN, etc.).

[0124] The disclosure provided herein illustrates features with reference to preferred and exemplary embodiments thereof. Upon reading this disclosure, persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many other embodiments, modifications and variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A module for power monitoring, comprising: a gain modifier; a power detector configured to detect a power output of the gain modifier; as well as a controller configured to determine an average value MEAN of n samples collected by the power detector, and further configured to determine a boundary xPAR of a ratio of the n samples to the average values, wherein the controller is configured to adjust a detected value of the power detector based on the average value MEAN and the boundary xPAR of the ratio to the average values. The boundary xPAR of the peak-to-average ratio is a maximum peak-to-average ratio maxPAR, and the controller is configured to determine the maximum peak-to-average ratio by subtracting the average MEAN from a maximum peak value of the n samples acquired by the power detector, or The boundary xPAR for the peak-to-average ratio is a minimum peak-to-average ratio minPAR, and the controller is configured to determine the minimum peak-to-average ratio by subtracting a minimum peak value of the n samples acquired by the power detector from the average value MEAN.

2. The module according to claim 1, wherein The mean value MEAN is one of an arithmetic mean and a root mean square mean.

3. The module according to claim 1, wherein The controller is configured to determine a compensation P for the power detector detRMS .

4. The module according to claim 1, wherein The boundary xPAR of the peak-to-average ratio is selected from one of a maximum peak-to-average ratio maxPAR or a minimum peak-to-average ratio minPAR and the controller is configured to determine the compensation P for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS : P detRMS =MEAN+X(xPAR,MEAN) X refers to a value from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary xPAR and the average value MEAN of the ratio to the mean.

5. The module according to claim 1, wherein The boundary xPAR of the peak-to-average ratio is selected from one of a maximum peak-to-average ratio maxPAR or a minimum peak-to-average ratio minPAR and the controller is configured to determine the compensation P for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS : P detRMS =MEAN+X(xPAR,MEAN) Here, X refers to a value determined by a function that relates the boundary xPAR and the average value MEAN of the ratio to the mean.

6. The module according to claim 1, wherein The boundary xPAR of the peak-to-average ratio is selected from one of a maximum peak-to-average ratio maxPAR or a minimum peak-to-average ratio minPAR and the controller is configured to determine the compensation P for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS : Among them, V k refers to the sampled power detector signal; and Here, A refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary xPAR and the average value MEAN of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary xPAR and the average value MEAN of the ratio to the mean.

7. The module according to claim 1, wherein The boundary xPAR of the peak-to-average ratio is selected from one of a maximum peak-to-average ratio maxPAR or a minimum peak-to-average ratio minPAR and the controller is configured to determine the compensation P for the power detector by the following formula: detRMS : Among them, V k refers to the sampled power detector signal; and Here, B refers to a value determined by a function relating the boundary xPAR and the average value MEAN of the ratio to the mean or from a compensation lookup table corresponding to the boundary xPAR and the average value MEAN of the ratio to the mean.

8. The module according to claim 3, wherein: The controller is configured to compensate P detRMS to adjust the detected value of the power detector.

9. The module according to claim 8, wherein The compensation P detRMS Adjusting the detected value of the power detector improves the RMS output power level accuracy of the power detector.

10. The module according to claim 1, wherein The module is configured to support the DSRC / 802.11p standard and the c-V2X LTE standard for V2X.

11. The module according to claim 1, wherein The module is configured for use with at least one modulated signal having a non-constant signal envelope.

12. The module of claim 1, wherein: The module is configured for use with at least one modulated signal having a non-constant signal envelope including one or more of a dedicated short range communication (DSRC) signal, a C-V2X signal, a 5G new radio signal, and / or a WLAN signal.

13. A method for power monitoring, comprising: determining an average value MEAN of n power detector signal samples acquired by a power detector; determining a boundary xPAR of a mean value ratio of the n power detector signal samples; and adjusting a detected value of the power detector based on the average value MEAN and the boundary xPAR of the ratio to the mean, The method includes determining a maximum peak value of the n power detector signal samples, and determining the boundary xPAR of the ratio of the n power detector signal samples includes subtracting the mean value MEAN from the maximum peak value, or The method includes determining a minimum peak value of the n power detector signal samples, and determining the boundary xPAR of the to-mean ratio of the n power detector signal samples includes subtracting the minimum peak value from the mean value MEAN.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein: The mean value MEAN is one of an arithmetic mean and a root mean square mean.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein: The method includes determining a compensation P for the power detector detRMS .

16. The method of claim 15, wherein: Adjusting the detected value of the power detector based on the average value MEAN and the boundary xPAR of the ratio to the mean includes compensating P detRMS to adjust the detected value of the power detector.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein: By compensating P detRMS The detected value of the power detector is adjusted to improve the RMS output power level accuracy of the power detector.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein: The power detector includes: a diode detector configured to detect a power output of a gain modifier of a V2X front-end module FEM.

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