A method for producing a ferroelectric ceramic material 147 Battery based on the beta radiation volt effect of a Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic and method for its production

Abstract

The application discloses a battery based on beta radiation volt effect of 147Pm doped ferroelectric ceramic and a preparation method thereof, and the battery comprises an upper electrode layer, 147 a Pm doped ferroelectric ceramic layer and a lower electrode layer; the upper electrode layer, the ferroelectric ceramic layer and the lower electrode layer are sequentially connected. 147 By doping Pm into the ferroelectric ceramic, the effective combination of the energy conversion device and the radioactive source is realized, the energy loss caused by the self-absorption of the radioactive source and the energy deposition on the surface of the energy conversion material is eliminated, and the energy utilization rate of the battery is greatly improved. 147 By doping Pm in the ferroelectric ceramic, the conductivity of the ferroelectric ceramic is effectively improved. 147 Pm is a radioactive element, and beta rays are radiated in the decay process; by doping Pm into the ferroelectric ceramic, the integration of the radioactive source and the energy conversion device is realized, the conductivity of the ferroelectric ceramic is greatly improved, and higher conversion efficiency is obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of nuclear energy utilization, and relates to a beta radiation voltaic cell, in particular to a beta radiation voltaic cell adopting Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics as a transduction material and a preparation method thereof. 147 The present application belongs to the technical field of nuclear energy utilization, and relates to a beta radiation voltaic cell, in particular to a beta radiation voltaic cell adopting Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics as a transduction material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Since the 21st century, MEMS has been widely applied, and its advantages include small size, good stability, multiple functions, low power consumption, etc. At present, it has been successfully applied in the fields of automobile airbag sensors, inkjet nozzles, unmanned aerial vehicle control, etc. In the future, it will be further applied in the Internet of Things, wearable devices, etc. In the research of MEMS, the research of sensors and actuators is relatively sufficient, but the research of micro power supply which is matched is relatively lacking. The beta radiation voltaic cell has the advantages of high energy density, long service life, strong environmental adaptability, stable performance, no maintenance, and miniaturization, etc., and is the most potential one in micro power supply.

[0003] The research and development of the beta radiation voltaic cell mainly involves three aspects: 1. Selection of isotope radiation source; 2. Selection of transduction material; 3. Design of transduction device. The transduction device mainly has two types, namely p-n junction type and Schottky type. The p-n junction type has higher conversion efficiency than the Schottky type, but it is difficult to prepare and has high cost. The principle of the beta radiation voltaic cell is similar to that of the solar cell, that is, through the bombardment of external particles, an electron-hole pair is formed inside, and then the built-in electric field of the p-n junction or Schottky junction separates and moves to form an electric current. The ferroelectric ceramic will form an internal electric field due to spontaneous polarization. Based on this, ferroelectric materials have been widely studied in the photovoltaic field. For ferroelectric semiconductors, the residual polarization and the internal electric field caused by polarization exist in the entire ferroelectric semiconductor region, and the transmission of electric charge is not limited by diffusion, so the output photovoltage is not limited by the energy gap and is much higher than the energy gap. Moreover, the effective field in the ferroelectric semiconductor is one order of magnitude higher than that in the traditional semiconductor p-n junction, and the photovoltaic voltage is several orders of magnitude higher than that in the traditional p-n junction. However, the application of ferroelectric ceramics in the beta radiation voltaic cell is still very few, and the current output of the ferroelectric ceramic is relatively low, which is also the biggest obstacle to the application of the ferroelectric ceramic transduction.

[0004] The existing beta radiation voltaic cell mainly adopts a structure in which the radiation source and the transduction device are separated. This structure has a very large energy loss. First, the radiation source will absorb part of the energy when emitting beta rays, which is called self-absorption of the radiation source, and the larger the volume of the radiation source, the more serious the self-absorption. Second, a certain thickness of energy deposition layer will be formed on the surface of the transduction material during use, and the thickness of the deposition layer is directly related to the density of the transduction device. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims at the problems in the prior art, and provides a beta radiation volt effect battery based on Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics 147 The beta radiation volt effect battery of the Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics realizes the integration of the radioactive source and the energy conversion device, obtains an energy conversion efficiency of 7%, and makes the battery structure more compact and realizes more micro.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] A beta radiation volt effect battery, the battery comprising an upper electrode layer, 147 a Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic layer and a lower electrode layer; the upper electrode layer, the ferroelectric ceramic layer and the lower electrode layer are sequentially connected and arranged.

[0008] According to the present application, the thickness of the upper electrode layer is 150-400 nm, for example, 300 nm.

[0009] According to the present application, the thickness of the 147 Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic layer is 0.8-1.2 mm, for example, 1 mm.

[0010] According to the present application, the thickness of the lower electrode layer is 150-400 nm, for example, 300 nm.

[0011] According to the present application, the 147 Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic layer 147 The doping amount of Pm is 0.5-10%, for example, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 5%, 8% or 10%.

[0012] According to the present application, the electrode material forming the upper electrode layer and the electrode material forming the lower electrode layer are the same or different, and are preferably the same.

[0013] According to the present application, the electrode material forming the upper electrode layer and the electrode material forming the lower electrode layer are the same or different, and are independently selected from at least one of silver, aluminum, copper, magnesium and other metals.

[0014] According to the present application, the above electrode material can form an ohmic contact with the ferroelectric ceramic, and the electrons generated by the beta particle bombardment of the electrode can smoothly enter the interior of the ferroelectric ceramic, improve the carrier concentration, and improve the conductivity of the ferroelectric ceramic.

[0015] In the present application, the radioactive source is Pm doped into the interior of the ferroelectric ceramic 147 The ferroelectric ceramic can effectively absorb the emitted beta rays, prevent the escape of beta particles, and effectively ensure the safety of the battery during use.

[0016] According to the present application, the ferroelectric material forming the ferroelectric ceramic layer comprises at least one of lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr 1-y Ti y )O3, wherein 1>y>0, lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (Pb 1-x La x (Zr 1-y Ti y )O3, wherein 1>x>0, 1>y>0, barium titanate (BaTiO3), barium lanthanum titanate (Ba 1-x La x TiO3, wherein 1>x>0, bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), bismuth lanthanum ferrite (Bi 1-x La x FeO3, wherein 1>x>0.

[0017] According to the present application, the battery further comprises an electrode lead wire and a battery packaging structure. The electrode lead wire and the battery packaging structure are arranged in positions known in the art.

[0018] According to the present application, the open circuit voltage of the battery is 80-110 mV, for example 100 mV.

[0019] According to the present application, the short circuit current of the battery is 5-8 nA, for example 6 nA.

[0020] The present application further provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned beta radiation volt effect battery, which comprises the following steps:

[0021] (1) preparing a Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic; 147

[0022] (2) depositing metal electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces of the Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic prepared in step (1) by using a vacuum thermal evaporation method to form an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer; 147

[0023] (3) performing direct current saturation polarization treatment on the product prepared in step (2) by using a ferroelectric tester;

[0024] (4) performing electrode lead wire and battery packaging on the product prepared in step (3) to prepare the beta radiation volt effect battery.

[0025] According to the present application, in step (1), the ferroelectric ceramic is a ferroelectric ceramic in a sheet layer structure.

[0026] According to the present application, in step (1), the material forming the ferroelectric ceramic in a sheet layer structure comprises at least one of lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr 1- y Ti y ​​)O3, where 1>y>0), lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (Pb 1-x La x (Zr 1-y Ti y )O3, where 1>x>0, 1>y>0), barium titanate (BaTiO3), lanthanum-doped barium titanate (Ba 1-x La x TiO3, where 1>x>0), bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite (Bi 1- x La x FeO3, wherein 1>x>0) is at least one of the following:

[0027] According to the present invention, in step (1), the material for forming the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped barium titanate or 147 When Pm is doped with lanthanum-doped barium titanate 147 The preparation method of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics includes the following steps:

[0028] a1) Using barium hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and optionally lanthanum trioxide as precursors, dropwise... 147 Pm(NO3)3 doping 147 Pm was obtained by hydrothermal reaction at 180℃ for 6 hours. 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate powder;

[0029] b1) The doped material obtained in step a1) 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate powder was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder, dried at 60–80°C for 1–2 hours, and then pressed into 0.8–1.2 mm sheets using a tablet press under a pressure of 10–25 MPa. The sheets were then sintered at 600–700°C for 8–12 hours, followed by sintering at 1150–1250°C for 3–8 hours to obtain the Pm-doped barium titanate powder. 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate ceramics.

[0030] According to the present invention, in step (1), the material for forming the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped lead zirconate titanate or 147 When Pm is doped with lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate 147 The preparation method of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics includes the following steps:

[0031] PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, 147The nano-powder of Pm2O3 and optionally La2O3 is mixed, resin beads are added, and the mixture is ball-milled and uniformly mixed. After drying at 60-80°C for 1-2 hours, the mixture is pressed into a sheet of 0.8-1.2 mm thick using a tablet press at a pressure of 10-25 MPa. The sheet is heated in a resistance furnace at 100-180°C for 1-2 hours to burn the resin and form holes in the sheet. After cooling, the sheet is sintered at 1000-1200°C for 3-8 hours to obtain a sheet of Pm-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic. 147 Pm-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic. 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic.

[0032] According to the present application, in step (1), the material for forming the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped bismuth ferrite or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite, 147 The method for preparing the Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic comprises the following steps:

[0033] Bi2O3, Fe2O3, 147 Pm2O3 and optionally La2O3 are mixed and NaCl and KCl are added. The mixture is uniformly mixed and sintered at 600-800°C for 1-5 hours. Water is added to the cooled mixture to remove NaCl and KCl therefrom. The mixture is washed and dried to obtain 147 Pm-doped bismuth ferrite or lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite ceramic.

[0034] According to the present application, in step (2), the Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic prepared in step (1) is further subjected to 147 The Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic is placed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically cleaned.

[0035] According to the present application, in step (2), a vacuum thermal evaporation device is used to deposit metal electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces of the ferroelectric ceramic at an evaporation rate of 5-20 mg / s (e.g., 6-10 mg / s, such as 8.61 mg / s).

[0036] According to the present application, in step (3), the ferroelectric tester is of the model TF2000.

[0037] According to the present application, in step (3), the ferroelectric ceramic is subjected to direct current saturation polarization treatment using a ferroelectric tester. The polarization voltage is 100-3000 V / mm, preferably 200-1000 V / mm, and exemplary values are 100 V / mm, 200 V / mm, 500 V / mm, 800 V / mm, 1000 V / mm, 2000 V / mm, and 3000 V / mm.

[0038] According to the application, in step (3), the iron electric ceramic is treated by direct current saturation polarization with a pressing speed of 0.3-0.5KV / mm / min, for example 0.3KV / mm / min, 0.4KV / mm / min or 0.5KV / mm / min.

[0039] The application has the following advantages:

[0040] The application provides a battery based on the beta radiation volt effect of ferroelectric ceramic and a preparation method thereof. 147 The Pm is doped into the ferroelectric ceramic, so that the energy conversion device and the radioactive source are effectively combined, the energy loss caused by the self-absorption of the radioactive source and the energy deposition on the surface of the energy conversion material is eliminated, and the energy utilization rate of the battery is greatly improved. 147 The Pm is doped into the ferroelectric ceramic, so that the energy conversion device and the radioactive source are effectively combined, the energy loss caused by the self-absorption of the radioactive source and the energy deposition on the surface of the energy conversion material is eliminated, and the energy utilization rate of the battery is greatly improved. 147 The Pm is a radioactive element, which emits beta rays during the decay process, and the Pm doped into the ferroelectric ceramic can greatly improve the conductivity of the ferroelectric ceramic and obtain higher conversion efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The beta radiation volt effect battery based on the Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic is shown in the schematic diagram. 147 The beta rays emitted by the Pm during the decay process are shown by the curve in the middle, and the solid circles and the hollow circles represent the electrons and the holes generated by the beta particles. 147 The upper and lower ellipsoidal balls represent the electric dipoles generated by the separation of the charge centers due to the spontaneous polarization, and the electron-hole pairs are separated under the action of the internal electric field of the ferroelectric ceramic, the holes move upward, and the electrons move downward, thereby generating an electric current.

[0042] Figure 2 The beta radiation volt effect battery based on the Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic is shown in the schematic diagram. 147 The beta rays emitted by the Pm during the decay process are shown by the curve in the middle, and the solid circles and the hollow circles represent the electrons and the holes generated by the beta particles. 147 The upper and lower ellipsoidal balls represent the electric dipoles generated by the separation of the charge centers due to the spontaneous polarization, and the electron-hole pairs are separated under the action of the internal electric field of the ferroelectric ceramic, the holes move upward, and the electrons move downward, thereby generating an electric current.

[0043] Figure 3 The induced current of the material of Example 3 changes with the switch of the radioactive source.

[0044] Figure 4 The induced current of the material of Example 3 changes with the switch of the radioactive source.

[0045] Figure 5 The resistivity of the material of Example 3 changes with the Pm doping amount. 147 The resistivity of the material of Example 3 changes with the Pm doping amount. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The application will be described in further detail below with reference to the specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are merely exemplary and explanatory of the application and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the application. Any technology achieved based on the above description of the application is included in the scope intended to be protected by the application.

[0047] The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents, materials, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0048] Example 1: Preparation of BaTiO3 ceramic doped with Pm 147 The preparation method of the Pm-doped barium titanate beta radiation volt effect cell includes the following steps:

[0049] (1) The titanium oxide and barium hydroxide were weighed in a molar ratio of 1:1.194, and Pm(NO3)3 with a concentration of 1M was added dropwise to ensure that the molar ratio of Pm(NO3)3 to barium hydroxide was 0.995:0.005, and placed in the inner liner of a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal kettle, and reacted in an oven at a temperature of 180°C for 6 hours to obtain a Pm-doped barium titanate powder; 147 Pm(NO3)3, to ensure that the molar ratio of Pm(NO3)3 to barium hydroxide was 0.995:0.005, and placed in the inner liner of a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal kettle, and reacted in an oven at a temperature of 180°C for 6 hours to obtain a Pm-doped barium titanate powder; 147 Pm(NO3)3, to ensure that the molar ratio of Pm(NO3)3 to barium hydroxide was 0.995:0.005, and placed in the inner liner of a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal kettle, and reacted in an oven at a temperature of 180°C for 6 hours to obtain a Pm-doped barium titanate powder; 147 Pm-doped barium titanate powder;

[0050] (2) The powder prepared in step (1) was centrifuged and washed with water three times, and dried at a temperature of 80°C for 10 hours. It was placed in a mortar and 5wt% of polyvinyl alcohol was added and mixed and ground for 15 minutes, and then dried at a temperature of 80°C for 2 hours;

[0051] (3) The dried powder of step (2) was pressed into a 1mm thin sheet using a tablet press at a pressure of 15MPa. A muffle furnace was used to sinter at a temperature of 700°C for 10 hours, fully plasticized, and then sintered at a temperature of 1150°C for 5 hours, and cut and trimmed to obtain a sheet-shaped Ba 0.995 147 Pm-doped barium titanate ceramic (length 10mm x width 10mm x thickness 0.5mm); 0.005 TiO3 ceramic (length 10mm x width 10mm x thickness 0.5mm);

[0052] (4) The sheet-shaped Ba 0.995 147 Pm-doped barium titanate ceramic (length 10mm x width 10mm x thickness 0.5mm); 0.005 TiO3 ceramic (length 10mm x width 10mm x thickness 0.5mm);

[0053] (5) A TF2000 standard ferroelectric tester was used to test the sheet-shaped Ba0.995 147 Pm 0.005 TiO3 ceramics were subjected to polarization treatment for 30 minutes, with a polarization voltage of 1000 V / mm and a pressure application rate of 0.4 KV / mm / min.

[0054] (6) The processed Ba flakes 0.995 147 Pm 0.005 TiO3 ceramic was inserted into a 12×12×1.5mm core. 3 The lead-containing radiation-proof glass box is then sealed with terminal leads and encapsulated.

[0055] Example 2: Based on doping 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate β-radiation photovoltaic cell.

[0056] Other operations are the same as in Example 1, the only differences being the preparation method of the ferroelectric ceramic and the polarization step: synthesis doping 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (Pb) 0.975 La 0.02 147 Pm 0.005 (Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 PbO and La2O3 were weighed according to a molar ratio of 0.975:0.01:0.0025:0.5:0.5:3. 147 Pm₂O, ZrO₂, TiO 23 Nanoparticles and methacrylic acid resin spheres were then added, followed by PbO, La2O3, 147 Pm₂O, ZrO₂, TiO 23 Nanoparticles (particle size range of 100-200 nm) were mixed, and then methacrylic acid resin microspheres with a particle size of 300 nm were added. The mixture was ball-milled to ensure uniform mixing. The mixed powder was placed in an oven and dried at 80°C for 12 hours. The powder was then pressed into 1 mm thick sheets using a tablet press at a pressure of 10 MPa. The sheets were then heated in a resistance furnace at 150°C for 1 hour to allow the resin to fully combust and form pores in the sheets. After cooling, the sheets were sintered in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 100°C / h to 1200°C for 3 hours to obtain flake-shaped Pb. 0.975 La 0.02 147 Pm 0.005 (Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 O3 ceramics;

[0057] The TF2000 standard ferroelectric testing instrument was used to test the sheet-like Pb. 0.975 La 0.02 147 Pm 0.005(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O3 ceramics were polarized for 20 min, the sheet-like Pb 0.975 La 0.02 147 Pm 0.005 (Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O3 ceramics were placed in silicone oil at 110°C, the polarization voltage was 3000V / mm, and the pressure rate was 0.4KV / mm / min.

[0058] Example 3: β-radiation volt effect cell based on La 147 Pm-doped bismuth lanthanum ferrite.

[0059] Other operations are the same as in Example 1, except that the difference lies in the preparation method of the ferroelectric ceramic and the polarization step: La 147 Pm-doped bismuth ferrite is prepared by a molten salt method using a NaCl-KCl mixed salt as a molten salt system.

[0060] According to the stoichiometric ratio of Bi:La: 147 Pm:Fe = 0.697:0.297:0.005:1, the amount of raw materials is Bi2O3~2.7925g, La2O3~0.8335g, 147 Pm2O3~0.01457g, Fe2O3~1.3741g, and 21.9714g of NaCl and 28.0286g of KCl are added, the raw materials and salt are placed in a ball mill tank, 110g of ball stones and 35ml of ethanol are added, and then ball milling is carried out at a speed of 400r / min for 6h, after drying, a fine and uniformly mixed powder is obtained, then the powder is placed in a muffle furnace, and a heating rate of 3°C / min per minute is used, sintering at 750°C for 2h. Add ultrapure water to the cooled mixture to remove NaCl and KCl, and repeatedly wash at 80°C for 9-10 times, then perform suction filtration and dry at 80°C for 12h, finally obtain Bi 0.697 La 0.297 147 Pm 0.005 FeO3 powder.

[0061] The powder is pressed into a circular sheet-shaped sample with a diameter of 10mm and a thickness of 1mm using a tablet press, heated to 880°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and held for 1h to obtain a bismuth ferrite ceramic sheet, and silver paste is applied to both ends of the ceramic sheet to prepare electrodes.

[0062] The sheet-like Bi 0.695 La 0.3 147 Pm 0.005The FeO3 ceramic was polarized for 10 min, and the flaky Bi 0.695 La 0.3 147 Pm 0.005 The FeO3 ceramic was polarized for 10 min, and the flaky Bi

[0063] Test Example

[0064] The packaged beta radiation voltaic cell was placed on a low temperature probe station (TTPX low temperature vacuum probe station), and the probe was well connected to the cell lead.

[0065] The probe station was connected to a 4200-SCS semiconductor characteristic tester. The photovoltaic test module (Keithley Klckstart test software) of the 4200-SCS semiconductor characteristic tester was used to collect the electrical output data of the cell, and the test data were as follows:

[0066] The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA. 147 The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA. 147 The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA. 147 The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA.

[0067] Figure 3 The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA.

[0068] Figure 4 The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA.

[0069] Figure 5 The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA. 147 The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA. 147 The beta radiation voltaic cell based on the BiFeO3 ceramic prepared in Example 1 had an open circuit voltage of 90 mV and a short circuit current of 7.2 nA.

[0070] The above describes the embodiments of the present application. However, the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A β-radiation photovoltaic cell, characterized in that, The battery consists of an upper electrode layer, 147 The structure consists of a Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic layer, a lower electrode layer, electrode leads, and a battery packaging structure; the upper electrode layer, the ferroelectric ceramic layer, and the lower electrode layer are sequentially connected. The ferroelectric ceramic is a layered ferroelectric ceramic. Materials that form layered ferroelectric ceramics include lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr)). 1-y Ti y )O3, where 1>y>0, lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate Pb 1-x La x (Zr 1-y Ti y )O3, where 1>x>0, 1>y>0, barium titanate BaTiO3, lanthanum-doped barium titanate Ba 1-x La x TiO3, where 1>x>0, bismuth ferrite BiFeO3, lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite Bi 1-x La x FeO3, wherein at least one of 1>x>0; The material forming the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped barium titanate or 147 When Pm is doped with lanthanum-doped barium titanate 147 The preparation method of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics includes the following steps: a1) Using barium hydroxide and titanium dioxide as precursors, or using barium hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and lanthanum trioxide as precursors, add dropwise... 147 Pm(NO3)3 doping 147 Pm was obtained by hydrothermal reaction at 180℃ for 6 hours. 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate powder; b1) The doped material obtained in step a1) 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate powder was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder, dried at 60-80°C for 1-2 hours, and then pressed into 0.8-1.2 mm sheets using a tablet press under a pressure of 10-25 MPa. The sheets were then sintered at 600-700°C for 8-12 hours, followed by sintering at 1150-1250°C for 3-8 hours to obtain the doped... 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate ceramics; The material forming the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped lead zirconate titanate or 147 When Pm is doped with lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate 147 The preparation method of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics includes the following steps: PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, 147 Pm2O3 nanopowder mixed with PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, 147 Nanoparticles of Pm₂O₃ and La₂O₃ are mixed, and resin beads are added. The mixture is ball-milled until homogeneous, and then dried at 60-80℃ for 1-2 hours. The resulting product is then pressed into 0.8-1.2 mm sheets using a tablet press at 10-25 MPa. The sheets are then heated in a resistance furnace at 100-180℃ for 1-2 hours to burn the resin and create pores in the sheets. After cooling, the sheets are sintered at 1000-1200℃ for 3-8 hours to obtain… 147 Pm-doped lead zirconate titanate or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics; The material forming the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped bismuth ferrite or 147 When Pm is doped with lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite, 147 The preparation method of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics includes the following steps: Bi2O3, Fe2O3, 147 Pm2O3 mixed with or containing Bi2O3, Fe2O3, 147 Pm₂O₃ and La₂O₃ were mixed, and NaCl and KCl were added. The mixture was stirred until homogeneous, and the homogeneous powder was sintered at 600-800℃ for 1-5 hours. Water was added to the cooled mixture to remove NaCl and KCl. The mixture was then washed, dried, and the desired product was obtained. 147 Pm-doped bismuth ferrite or lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite ceramics.

2. The battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the upper electrode layer is 150~400nm; And / or, the 147 The thickness of the Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic layer is 0.8~1.2 mm; And / or, the thickness of the lower electrode layer is 150~400nm; And / or, the 147 In Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramic layers 147 The doping amount of Pm is 0.5~10%.

3. The battery as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electrode material forming the upper electrode layer and the electrode material forming the lower electrode layer may be the same or different, and are independently selected from at least one of silver, aluminum, copper, and magnesium metals.

4. The battery according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The open-circuit voltage of the battery is 80~110mV; And / or, the short-circuit current of the battery is 5~8nA.

5. The method for preparing a β-radiation photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) Preparation 147 Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics; (2) The product obtained in step (1) using vacuum thermal evaporation. 147 Metal electrodes are deposited on the upper and lower surfaces of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics to form an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer. (3) The product obtained in step (2) is subjected to DC saturation polarization treatment using a ferroelectric tester; (4) The product obtained in step (3) is subjected to electrode lead wires and battery encapsulation to prepare the β-radiation photovoltaic effect battery.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (1), the ferroelectric ceramic is a layered ferroelectric ceramic; And / or, in step (1), the material forming the lamellar ferroelectric ceramic includes lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr)) 1-y Ti y )O3, where 1>y>0, lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate Pb 1-x La x (Zr 1-y Ti y )O3, where 1>x>0, 1>y>0, barium titanate BaTiO3, lanthanum-doped barium titanate Ba 1-x La x TiO3, where 1>x>0, bismuth ferrite BiFeO3, lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite Bi 1-x La x FeO3, wherein at least one of 1>x>0.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In step (1), the material used to form the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped barium titanate or 147 When Pm is doped with lanthanum-doped barium titanate 147 The preparation method of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics includes the following steps: a1) Using barium hydroxide and titanium dioxide as precursors, or using barium hydroxide, titanium dioxide, and lanthanum trioxide as precursors, add dropwise... 147 Pm(NO3)3 doping 147 Pm was obtained by hydrothermal reaction at 180℃ for 6 hours. 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate powder; b1) The doped material obtained in step a1) 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate powder was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder, dried at 60-80°C for 1-2 hours, and then pressed into 0.8-1.2 mm sheets using a tablet press under a pressure of 10-25 MPa. The sheets were then sintered at 600-700°C for 8-12 hours, followed by sintering at 1150-1250°C for 3-8 hours to obtain the doped... 147 Barium titanate Pm or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped barium titanate ceramics.

8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5-6, characterized in that, In step (1), the material used to form the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped lead zirconate titanate or 147 When Pm is doped with lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate 147 The preparation method of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics includes the following steps: PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, 147 Pm2O3 nanopowder mixed with PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, 147 Nanoparticles of Pm₂O₃ and La₂O₃ are mixed, and resin beads are added. The mixture is ball-milled until homogeneous, and then dried at 60-80℃ for 1-2 hours. The resulting product is then pressed into 0.8-1.2 mm sheets using a tablet press at 10-25 MPa. The sheets are then heated in a resistance furnace at 100-180℃ for 1-2 hours to burn the resin and create pores in the sheets. After cooling, the sheets are sintered at 1000-1200℃ for 3-8 hours to obtain… 147 Pm-doped lead zirconate titanate or 147 Pm-doped lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics.

9. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5-6, characterized in that, In step (1), the material used to form the ferroelectric ceramic layer is 147 Pm-doped bismuth ferrite or 147 When Pm is doped with lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite, 147 The preparation method of Pm-doped ferroelectric ceramics includes the following steps: Bi2O3, Fe2O3, 147 Pm2O3 mixed with or containing Bi2O3, Fe2O3, 147 Pm₂O₃ and La₂O₃ were mixed, and NaCl and KCl were added. The mixture was stirred until homogeneous, and the homogeneous powder was sintered at 600-800℃ for 1-5 hours. Water was added to the cooled mixture to remove NaCl and KCl. The mixture was then washed, dried, and the desired product was obtained. 147 Pm-doped bismuth ferrite or lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite ceramics.

10. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5-6, characterized in that, In step (2), a vacuum thermal evaporation device is used to deposit metal electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces of the ferroelectric ceramic at an evaporation rate of 5-20 mg / s; And / or, in step (3), the ferroelectric ceramic is subjected to DC saturation polarization treatment using a ferroelectric tester, wherein the polarization voltage is 100-3000V / mm; And / or, in step (3), the pressure rate for DC saturation polarization treatment of ferroelectric ceramics using a ferroelectric tester is 0.3-0.5 KV / mm / min.

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