A resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit and a tunneling method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of resistivity advanced imaging intelligent excavation drill bit and excavation method, wherein drill bit includes: drill collar, one end is connected with drill bit;Signal receiving device, including first signal receiving device and second signal receiving device being spaced apart in drill collar close to the end of drill bit;Probe, setting in the center of drill bit front end, its inner wall is provided with multiple button electrodes, and its inside is further provided with the transmission control circuit being connected with multiple button electrodes;Telescopic device, setting in drill bit, for driving probe to carry out telescopic motion;Central control device, setting in the end of drill collar away from drill bit, signal receiving device, transmission control circuit, telescopic device are electrically connected with central control device.Integration is realized to probe device and drill bit, rock mass information obtained by probe can be fed back to the dynamic work of drill bit in real time, and higher precision mining rock mass information is obtained while drill bit is excavated, intelligent operation and real-time response of head are realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine excavation, and in particular to a resistivity advanced imaging intelligent excavation drill bit and an excavation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the gradual increase of the depth of mineral resources exploitation, the types of mined minerals are increasing, and the mining environment is becoming more and more complex. Different rock samples have different mining modes in different environments. The mismatched mining mode not only leads to a decrease in the excavation rate, but also may lead to a decrease in the environmental stability around the mining site, accelerate the wear of the drill bit, and affect the safe and sustainable exploitation of mineral resources.

[0003] At present, there are many near-drill resistivity measurement devices that can measure the resistivity data of rock layers. Resistivity is an important physical property of the stratum, and the rock mass structure of the area to be mined can be inverted through resistivity data.

[0004] However, most of the current resistivity measurement while drilling devices are independent of the drill bit, and the inverted rock mass structure information has a certain delay for controlling the excavation work of the drill bit. Therefore, when the excavation mode or the angle of the drill bit needs to be changed, the drill bit may not respond in time. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a resistivity advanced imaging intelligent excavation drill bit and an excavation method, which can quickly measure the resistivity of the area to be mined, invert the rock mass structure of the area to be mined, and intelligently adjust the excavation operation according to the imaging result.

[0006] In a first aspect, a resistivity advanced imaging intelligent excavation drill bit is provided, comprising:

[0007] A drill collar having one end connected to a drill bit;

[0008] A signal receiving device comprising a first signal receiving device and a second signal receiving device spaced apart on the drill collar near the end of the drill bit;

[0009] A probe needle arranged at the center of the front end of the drill bit, the inner wall of the probe needle being provided with a plurality of button electrodes, and the inside of the probe needle being further provided with a transmission control circuit connected to the plurality of button electrodes;

[0010] A telescopic device arranged in the drill bit for driving the probe needle to perform telescopic movement;

[0011] A central control device arranged at the end of the drill collar away from the drill bit, the signal receiving device, the transmission control circuit, and the telescopic device being electrically connected to the central control device.

[0012] Furthermore, the drill collar is provided with an insulating protective layer between the central control device and the signal receiving device. The insulating protective layer ensures that the central control device is in a good working environment and is not affected by external abnormal current.

[0013] Furthermore, the central control device is also used to perform resistivity imaging of the rock mass in front of and around the drill bit based on the data collected by the signal receiving device, and select the excavation mode and set the pre-excavation distance and pre-excavation route based on the resistivity imaging results.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a communication module electrically connected to the central control device, which is used to communicate with the surface scheduling system.

[0015] Furthermore, the first signal receiving device and the second signal receiving device each include a current amplifier, a data collector, an AD converter, a filter and a calculation processor connected in sequence.

[0016] Furthermore, the plurality of button electrodes are evenly arranged in a ring shape on the inner wall of the probe, and can emit current in all directions, ensuring that the accurate and complete rock structure in front of and around the drill bit can be inverted.

[0017] Furthermore, the transmission control circuit is used to receive instructions from the central control device and sequentially generate currents of two different frequency bands, one of which is mainly used for resistivity imaging of the rock structure in front of the drill bit, and the other of which is mainly used for resistivity imaging of the rock structure around the drill bit.

[0018] In a second aspect, a tunneling method based on the resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit as described above is provided, comprising:

[0019] S1: Determine the initial drilling position and inclination of the drill bit according to the mining plan and adjust the drill bit position accordingly;

[0020] S2: Control the detection needle to extend and insert into the rock mass to be measured;

[0021] S3: Control the emission control circuit to enable the multiple button electrodes to emit currents of two frequency bands in sequence;

[0022] S4: The signal receiver receives the current data of the two frequency bands in sequence and transmits it to the central control device;

[0023] S5: The central control device performs resistivity imaging based on the received current data to identify the rock structure in front of and around the drill bit;

[0024] S6: The central control device selects the excavation mode, excavation angle, pre-excavation distance and pre-excavation route according to the rock mass structure in front of and around the drill bit, and controls the drill bit to advance;

[0025] S7: Repeat steps S2-S6 until the excavation operation is completed.

[0026] Furthermore, all command signals from the central control device are uploaded to the surface dispatch system in real time. By uploading all command signals from the central control device to the surface dispatch system, the surface dispatch system manager can monitor the uploaded information from the central control device and detect abnormal signals in real time, further ensuring that the drill bit is in a safe working state at all times.

[0027] Furthermore, the tunneling mode includes a hard rock mining mode and a soft rock mining mode. When resistivity imaging indicates that the rock ahead is primarily hard rock, the central control device switches the drill bit's tunneling mode to hard rock mining mode to reduce the drilling speed. When resistivity imaging indicates that the rock ahead is primarily soft rock, the central control device switches the drill bit's tunneling mode to soft rock mining mode to increase the drilling speed. When switching tunneling modes, the central control device also sets a pre-drilling distance and pre-drilling route for the drill bit.

[0028] The present invention provides a resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit and tunneling method. This integrates the detection device and drill bit. All drill bit operations, including the probe, signal receiver, and drill bit tunneling, are controlled by a central control unit. This allows for the automatic completion of planned tasks during tunneling, resulting in higher information utilization than traditional drill bits. Rock mass information acquired by the probe can be fed back to the drill bit's dynamic operation in real time. Furthermore, while the drill bit is tunneling, highly accurate information about the mined rock mass is acquired, enabling intelligent operation and real-time response. The present invention's solution safely and intelligently enables tunneling in complex rock formations, effectively monitoring the structure of the rock mass to be mined, thereby enabling precise and intelligent mining, reducing the occurrence of deep-seated disasters and accidents, ensuring production safety, steadily increasing production, and improving enterprise profitability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a working principle diagram of a button electrode and a signal receiving device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3is a schematic diagram of the structure of a detection needle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is a front view of the top of a drill bit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 is a flow chart of the excavation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 is a current signal processing flow chart provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a working condition in which a void area appears in front of the drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a working condition in which an underground water-bearing zone appears in front of the drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the working condition of tunneling from soft rock to hard rock provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 1-drill collar; 2-drill bit; 3-central control device; 4-insulating protective layer; 5-first signal receiving device; 6-second signal receiving device; 7-telescopic device; 8-detection needle; 9-button electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. When an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may also be an element centered thereon. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an element centered thereon.

[0042] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or order. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two.

[0043] Currently, most resistivity measurement while drilling (MWD) devices are independent of the drill bit. The resulting rock structure information has a certain delay in controlling the drill bit's tunneling operations. Consequently, when the tunneling mode or drill angle needs to be changed, the drill bit may not respond promptly. To address this issue, the present invention provides an intelligent tunneling drill bit and tunneling method using resistivity advance imaging. By measuring the resistivity of the area to be mined, the rock structure of the area to be mined is inferred in real time. Based on the imaging results, the appropriate tunneling mode is intelligently selected, the drill bit's pre-drilling distance is set, and the pre-drilling distance and route are updated each time the mode is switched, enabling rapid and efficient mining operations.

[0044] In order to achieve the above purpose, Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit, comprising:

[0045] A drill collar 1, one end of which is connected to a drill bit 2;

[0046] The signal receiving device includes a first signal receiving device 5 and a second signal receiving device 6 which are spaced apart and arranged at one end of the drill collar 1 close to the drill bit 2;

[0047] The probe 8 is arranged at the center of the front end of the drill bit 2. A plurality of button electrodes 9 are arranged on its inner wall. A transmission control circuit connected to the plurality of button electrodes 9 is also arranged inside the probe 8. The transmission control circuit is used to receive instructions from the central control device 3 and sequentially generate currents of two different frequency bands.

[0048] The telescopic device 7 is provided in the drill bit 2, and the tail end of the detection needle 8 is connected to the telescopic device 7, and the telescopic device 7 is used to drive the detection needle 8 to perform telescopic movement;

[0049] The central control device 3 is disposed inside the end of the drill collar 1 away from the drill bit 2. The signal receiving device, the transmission control circuit, and the telescopic device 7 are all electrically connected to the central control device 3. The central control device 3 is also used to perform resistivity imaging of the rock mass in front of and around the drill bit based on the data collected by the signal receiving device, and to select an excavation mode and set a pre-excavation distance and pre-excavation route based on the resistivity imaging results. During implementation, the central control device 3 can be selected as the central control system of the excavation robot and can also realize control of the drill bit's excavation work.

[0050] An insulating protective layer 4 is provided on the drill collar 1 between the central control device 3 and the signal receiving device.

[0051] The working principle of the above drill bit is as follows: consider the drill collar 1 as a perfect conductor, and the button electrode 9 in the probe 8 stimulates current. Part of the current flows through the rock mass around the drill bit and returns to the signal receiving device, while the other part flows to the rock mass in front of the probe and returns to the signal receiving device. According to Ohm's law, R a is the apparent resistivity, K is the constant of the signal receiving device, V g is the measured voltage, and I is the current received by the signal receiving device.

[0052] The central control device 3 controls the emission control circuit in the detection needle 8, so that the button electrode 9 emits currents of two frequency bands in turn. The currents of different frequency bands pass through the rock mass and return to the corresponding signal receiving device, process the current data, and calculate the resistivity information in front of the drill bit and around the drill collar. The calculated resistivity is transmitted to the central control device 3, which inverts the rock structure in front of the drill bit and around the drill collar, identifies the type of rock mass to be mined, intelligently selects the corresponding excavation mode, sets the pre-excavation distance, plans the pre-excavation route of the drill bit, and then controls the drill bit to perform excavation operations.

[0053] In this embodiment, the central control device 3 includes a signal transmitter, an intelligent mainboard, a battery, a control interface module, and a signal storage module. The signal transmitter, control interface module, and signal storage module are all connected to the intelligent mainboard via wires, and the battery is connected to the other components via wires. The main function of the signal transmitter is to issue operating instructions from the intelligent mainboard; the main function of the intelligent mainboard is to control all functions of the drill bit, process resistivity data, perform resistivity imaging, and further guide the drill bit operation based on the imaging results; the main function of the battery is to power the various components; the main function of the control interface module is to serve as the data transmission interface between the various working parts of the drill bit and the intelligent mainboard; the main function of the signal storage module is to store all operating information of the intelligent mainboard.

[0054] Preferably, the central control device 3 also includes a communication module for communicating with the surface dispatch system. The central control device 3 uploads all its command signals to the surface dispatch system. Surface dispatch system managers can monitor the uploaded information from the central control device and detect abnormal signals in real time, further ensuring that the drill bit is in a safe working state at all times.

[0055] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the first signal receiving device 5 and the second signal receiving device 6 both include a current amplifier, a data collector, an AD converter, a filter and a calculation processor connected in sequence.

[0056] In this embodiment, the multiple button electrodes 9 are evenly arranged in a circular pattern on the inner wall of the probe 8. They can emit current in all directions, ensuring accurate and complete inversion of the rock structure in front of and around the drill bit. The two frequency bands of current are used: one for resistivity imaging of the rock structure in front of the drill bit, and the other for resistivity imaging of the rock structure around the drill bit.

[0057] It should be noted that the emission control circuit and other specific structures of the drill bit can adopt commercially available structures and will not be described in detail here.

[0058] The resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit provided above realizes the integration of the detection device and the drill bit, and is a simple-to-use, intelligent and effective resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit. Based on the resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit provided above, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a tunneling method, which includes:

[0059] S1: Determine the initial drilling position and inclination of the drill bit according to the mining plan and adjust the drill bit position accordingly;

[0060] S2: Control the detection needle to extend and insert into the rock mass to be measured;

[0061] S3: Control the emission control circuit to enable the multiple button electrodes to emit currents of two frequency bands in sequence;

[0062] S4: The signal receiver receives the current data of the two frequency bands in sequence and transmits it to the central control device;

[0063] S5: The central control device performs resistivity imaging based on the received current data to identify the rock structure in front of and around the drill bit;

[0064] S6: The central control device selects the excavation mode, excavation angle, pre-excavation distance and pre-excavation route according to the rock mass structure in front of and around the drill bit, and controls the drill bit to advance;

[0065] S7: Repeat steps S2-S6 until the excavation operation is completed.

[0066] The tunneling mode includes hard rock mining and soft rock mining. When resistivity imaging indicates that the rock ahead is primarily hard rock, the central control system switches the drill bit's tunneling mode to hard rock mining, reducing the drilling speed. When resistivity imaging indicates that the rock ahead is primarily soft rock, the central control system switches the drill bit's tunneling mode to soft rock mining, increasing the drilling speed. When switching tunneling modes, the central control system also sets a pre-drilling distance and pre-drilling route for the drill bit.

[0067] Preferably, all command signals from the central control device are uploaded to the surface dispatch system in real time to monitor the operating status of the drill bit in real time. By uploading all command signals from the central control device to the surface dispatch system, surface dispatch system managers can monitor the uploaded information from the central control device and detect abnormal signals in real time. If a drill bit malfunctions, the surface dispatch system can send a command to stop the drill bit, preventing problems such as excessive wear of the drill bit and incorrect rock extraction caused by malfunctioning drill bits, further ensuring that the drill bit is in a safe operating state at all times.

[0068] During implementation, the probe should maintain close contact with the unknown rock mass, ensuring that the current signal emitted by the button electrode reaches the signal receiver. Because the probe is located at the very front of the drill bit and can be adjusted, it can accurately obtain resistivity information of the unknown rock mass ahead of the drill bit, achieving resistivity advanced imaging.

[0069] Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 Three working conditions of the resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit provided by the above embodiment are shown.

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, a void area appears in front of the drill bit. Current will not pass through the void area, so the void area presents a very large resistivity value. The first signal receiving device and the second signal receiving device receive the current emitted by the button electrode. The central control device inverts the rock structure around the drill bit. At this time, it is recognized that there is a void area inside the rock mass in front of the drill bit. The central control device intelligently selects the drill bit excavation direction according to the imaging results, so that the drill bit excavates towards the position where the void area exists, which can improve the drill bit excavation efficiency and reduce the drill bit loss.

[0071] like Figure 8 As shown, an underground water-bearing zone appears in front of the drill bit. The current conducted through the liquid will show an abnormal resistivity value. The detection needle enters the underground water-bearing zone before the drill bit. The current emitted by the button electrode passes through the underground water-bearing zone and the rock mass and is received by the first signal receiving device and the second signal receiving device. The central control device inverts the rock structure around the drill bit and identifies the development path of the underground water-bearing zone. At this time, the central control device intelligently selects the drill bit excavation direction according to the imaging results, so that the drill bit excavation direction deviates from the underground water-bearing zone, improves the drill bit excavation efficiency, reduces the drill bit loss, and ensures the safe progress of the drill bit excavation work.

[0072] like Figure 9The figure shows the working condition of tunneling from soft rock to hard rock. Underground drill bit tunneling usually encounters complex and diverse rock environments. The detection needle on the top of the drill bit contacts the unknown rock before the drill bit. The current signal emitted by the button electrode in the detection needle passes through different rock masses and is received by the first signal receiving device and the second signal receiving device. The central control device inverts the rock structure in front of the drill bit, intelligently identifies the rock type, and thus intelligently selects the tunneling mode for the corresponding rock mass. When the resistivity imaging shows that the rock mass in front is mainly hard rock and there are no voids and underground water-bearing zones, the central control device switches the drill bit tunneling mode to the hard rock mining mode, appropriately reduces the drilling speed, adjusts the drill bit angle according to the resistivity imaging results, and selects the direction with low resistivity for tunneling; when the resistivity imaging shows that the rock mass in front is mainly soft rock, the central control device switches the drill bit tunneling mode to the soft rock mining mode and appropriately increases the drilling speed. The central control unit updates the drill's pre-advance distance and route each time the drill switches modes. If the drill reaches the pre-advance distance but the central control unit hasn't completed real-time rock structure resistivity imaging, the drill stops its current advance mode and waits for a signal from the central control unit before continuing. This pre-advance distance ensures the drill always advances optimally, improving efficiency, reducing wear, and extending its lifespan, ensuring safe drilling operations.

[0073] It can be understood that the same or similar parts of the above embodiments can be referenced to each other, and the contents not described in detail in some embodiments can refer to the same or similar contents in other embodiments.

[0074] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit, characterized in that: include: a drill collar, with a drill bit attached to one end; A signal receiving device, comprising a first signal receiving device and a second signal receiving device spaced apart and arranged at one end of the drill collar close to the drill bit; A detection needle is arranged at the center of the front end of the drill bit, and a plurality of button electrodes are arranged on the inner wall of the detection needle, and a transmission control circuit connected to the plurality of button electrodes is also arranged inside the detection needle; a telescopic device, disposed in the drill bit, for driving the probe to perform telescopic movement; A central control device is provided at an end of the drill collar away from the drill bit, and the signal receiving device, the transmission control circuit, and the telescopic device are all electrically connected to the central control device; The central control device is further used to perform resistivity imaging of the rock mass in front of and around the drill bit based on the data collected by the signal receiving device, and to select an excavation mode and set a pre-excavation distance and pre-excavation route based on the resistivity imaging results; When a void appears in front of the drill bit, the central control device intelligently selects the drill bit's excavation direction based on the imaging results, causing the drill bit to excavate toward the location where the void exists; When an underground water-bearing zone appears in front of the drill bit, the central control device intelligently selects the drill bit's excavation direction based on the imaging results, making the drill bit's excavation direction deviate from the underground water-bearing zone; When the resistivity imaging shows that the rock mass ahead is mainly hard rock with no voids or underground water zones, the central control device switches the drill bit excavation mode to the hard rock mining mode; when the resistivity imaging shows that the rock mass ahead is mainly soft rock, the central control device switches the drill bit excavation mode to the soft rock mining mode.

2. The resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill collar is located between the central control device and the signal receiving device and is provided with an insulating protective layer.

3. The resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a communication module electrically connected to the central control device, which is used to communicate with the surface scheduling system.

4. The resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first signal receiving device and the second signal receiving device both include a current amplifier, a data collector, an AD converter, a filter and a calculation processor connected in sequence.

5. The resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of button electrodes are evenly arranged in a ring shape on the inner wall of the detection needle.

6. The resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission control circuit is used to receive instructions from the central control device and sequentially generate currents of two different frequency bands.

7. A tunneling method based on the resistivity advanced imaging intelligent tunneling drill bit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: S1: Determine the initial drilling position and inclination of the drill bit according to the mining plan and adjust the drill bit position accordingly; S2: Control the detection needle to extend and insert into the rock mass to be measured; S3: Control the emission control circuit to enable the multiple button electrodes to emit currents of two frequency bands in sequence; S4: The signal receiver receives the current data of the two frequency bands in sequence and transmits it to the central control device; S5: The central control device performs resistivity imaging based on the received current data to identify the rock structure in front of and around the drill bit; S6: The central control device selects the excavation mode, excavation angle, pre-excavation distance and pre-excavation route according to the rock mass structure in front of and around the drill bit, and controls the drill bit to advance; S7: Repeat steps S2-S6 until the excavation operation is completed.

8. The excavation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Upload all command signals from the central control device to the surface dispatching system in real time.

9. The excavation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The excavation mode includes a hard rock mining mode and a soft rock mining mode.

Images