Display devices and equipment

Abstract

A display device is provided, wherein a plurality of display units include a first type unit and a second type unit, the peak wavelength of the first type unit is a first wavelength within a range greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm, and the peak wavelength of the second type unit is a second wavelength within a range greater than or equal to 520 nm and less than 650 nm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a display device. Background Art

[0002] The color vision that most humans have is called normal color vision. Color vision that a minority of humans have and that differs from normal color vision is called abnormal color vision. People with abnormal color vision (color blindness) are believed to account for at least 1% (e.g., about 3%) of the world's population. It is not always easy for color blind people to distinguish colors.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses an image display device that reduces variations in color perception between individuals having different color matching functions.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses an electronic watermark information display device that provides electronic watermark display to prevent unauthorized copying by re-photographing an image.

[0005] Citation List

[0006] Patent Literature

[0007] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-174361

[0008] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-304508 Summary of the Invention

[0009] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0010] The image display device disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the information display device disclosed in Patent Document 2 do not fully consider enabling color blind people to easily distinguish colors. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a display device that enables color blind people to easily distinguish colors.

[0011] Solutions for solving problems

[0012] A first aspect of the present disclosure is a display device configured to display with a plurality of display units by using a light source. In the display device, the plurality of display units include a first type unit and a second type unit, the peak wavelength of the first type unit is a first wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm, the peak wavelength of the second type unit is a second wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 520 nm and less than 650 nm, and the first type unit and the second type unit exhibit a light intensity greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 brightness.

[0013] A second aspect of the present disclosure is a display device configured to display using a plurality of display units using an electroluminescent light source. In the display device, the plurality of display units include a first type unit and a second type unit, the first type unit exhibiting maximum brightness at a first wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm, the second type unit exhibiting maximum brightness at a second wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than 600 nm, and the first type unit having a maximum spectral radiance at the first wavelength that is higher than the second type unit having a maximum spectral radiance at the second wavelength.

[0014] A third aspect of the present disclosure is a display device configured to display with a plurality of display units by using a light source. In the display device, the plurality of display units include a first type unit and a second type unit having different structures, the first type unit exhibiting maximum luminance at a first wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm, the second type unit exhibiting maximum luminance at a second wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 480 nm and less than 650 nm, and the first type unit exhibiting a maximum luminance at the first wavelength greater than or equal to 1 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm], where λL [nm] is the first wavelength, and V(λL) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision at the first wavelength, and the second type unit exhibits a spectral radiance greater than or equal to 5 / (683*V(λS)) [W / sr / m 2 / nm], where λS [nm] is the second wavelength and V(λS) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency of photopic vision at the second wavelength.

[0015] Effects of the Invention

[0016] The present invention can provide a display device that enables a color-blind person to easily distinguish colors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1A It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device and equipment.

[0018] Figure 1B It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device and equipment.

[0019] Figure 1C It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device and equipment.

[0020] Figure 2A It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0021] Figure 2B It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0022] Figure 3A It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device and equipment.

[0023] Figure 3B It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device and equipment.

[0024] Figure 3C It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device and equipment.

[0025] Figure 3D It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device and equipment.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0027] Figure 5A It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0028] Figure 5B It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0029] Figure 5C It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0030] Figure 5D It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0031] Figure 5E It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0032] Figure 6A It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0033] Figure 6B It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0034] Figure 6C It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0037] Figure 9A It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0038] Figure 9B It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0039] Figure 9C It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0040] Figure 9D It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0041] Figure 9E It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0042] Figure 9F It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0043] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0044] Figure 11A It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0045] Figure 11B It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0046] Figure 11C It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0047] Figure 11D It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0048] Figure 11E It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0049] Figure 11F It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0050] Figure 11G It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0051] Figure 11H It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0052] Figure 12A A diagram used to illustrate human vision.

[0053] Figure 12B A diagram used to illustrate human vision.

[0054] Figure 12C A diagram used to illustrate human vision.

[0055] Figure 12D A diagram used to illustrate human vision.

[0056] Figure 13A It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device.

[0057] Figure 13B It is a schematic diagram for explaining a display device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description and drawings, identical components appearing in multiple drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals. Therefore, identical components will be described by cross-referencing the multiple drawings, and descriptions of components denoted by the same reference numerals will be omitted where appropriate.

[0059] <First embodiment>

[0060] Figure 1A An example of an apparatus EQP including a display device 1 is shown. Display device 1 includes an element unit 10 for performing a display. Display device 1 includes at least one of a light source 11 and a light source 12. Light source 11 and light source 12 are used to perform the display intended by display device 1. Light source 11 constitutes a portion of element unit 10. Light source 12 is a component separate from element unit 10. For example, if element unit 10 includes light source 11, light source 12 need not be provided. For example, if element unit 10 does not include light source 11, light source 12 is provided.

[0061] The display device 1 may include a drive unit 60 for transmitting a drive signal DRV to the element unit 10. The display device 1 may include a power supply unit 70 for supplying power to the element unit 10 and the drive unit 60. The display device 1 may include a controller 40 for transmitting a control signal CTRL for controlling the drive unit 60. The device EQP including the display device 1 may include a signal generating device 2 for transmitting an image signal SIG to the display device 1. The device EQP may include an information generating device 3 for generating image information IMG, and the image signal SIG generated by the signal generating device 2 is based on the image information IMG. The signal generating device 2 may include, for example, a computing unit such as a graphics processing unit (GPU). The information generating device 3 may include, for example, a computing unit such as a central processing unit (CPU). Where appropriate, the devices 1, 2, and 3 may each include a memory unit. The configuration of the display device 1 and the device EQP is not limited thereto. Some components may be removed or other components may be added.

[0062] Figure 1B An image 15 displayed by an element unit 10 and / or a display device 1 is schematically shown. The element unit 10 includes a plurality of elements 110. The plurality of elements 110 may include type α elements 111 and type β elements 112. The plurality of elements 110 may also include type γ elements 113 and type δ elements 114. In this example, the plurality of elements 110 includes four types of elements and may include at least two types of elements. The plurality of elements 110 may include type ε elements (not shown) and four types of elements 111, 112, 113, and 114. The plurality of elements 110 may include five or more types of elements 110.

[0063] like Figure 1B and Figure 1C As shown, the image 15 displayed by the display device 1 includes a plurality of pixels 120. The plurality of pixels 120 may include type α pixels 121 and type β pixels 122. The plurality of pixels 120 may also include type γ pixels 123 and type δ pixels 124. The plurality of pixels 120 may include at least two types of pixels. In this example, the plurality of pixels 120 includes four types of pixels. The plurality of pixels 120 may include type ε pixels (not shown) and four types of pixels 121, 122, 123, and 124. The plurality of pixels 120 may include five or more types of pixels 120. Figure 1B The image 15 shown includes multiple types of pixels 120 in one frame. Figure 1C The image 15 shown is composed of a plurality of frames, wherein each frame has only pixels 120 of the same type.

[0064] Elements 110 and pixels 120 may be collectively referred to as display units 100. That is, multiple display units 100 are multiple elements 110 and / or multiple pixels 120. For example, one display unit 100 is one of the multiple elements 110. For example, one display unit 100 is one of the multiple pixels 120. Type α unit 101 in the multiple display units 100 is a type α element 111 and / or a type α pixel 121. Type β unit 102 in the multiple display units 100 is a type β element 112 and / or a type β pixel 122. Type γ unit 103 in the multiple display units 100 is a type γ element 113 and / or a type γ pixel 123. Type δ unit 104 in the multiple display units 100 is a type δ element 114 and / or a type δ pixel 124. Type ε unit in the multiple display units 100 is a type ε element and / or a type ε pixel.

[0065] The display units 100 and elements 110 and / or pixels 120 are classified into different types according to the wavelength of light presented. The light presented by each type of display unit 100 has predetermined spectral characteristics.

[0066] First, the spectral radiance characteristic will be described. The spectral radiance characteristic is the relationship between wavelength and spectral radiance, and the spectral radiance for any wavelength λ used as a variable is defined by a function L(λ) of the wavelength λ [nm]. For example, the display unit 100 exhibits a predetermined spectral radiance L(λ) at a specific wavelength Λ (λ = Λ). Since the spectral radiance is the amount of radiation per specific wavelength, the unit of the spectral radiance L(λ) is [W / sr / m 2 / nm]. The unit of spectral radiance L(λ) can be abbreviated as [W / sr / m2 ]. The display unit 100 may also present light of a wavelength different from the specific wavelength Λ, and the light presented by the display unit 100 may include light of multiple wavelengths in a predetermined wavelength band from wavelength λmin to wavelength λmax. In this case, the total radiance of light of all wavelengths in the predetermined wavelength band presented by the display unit 100 is referred to as integrated radiance Le. The unit of integrated radiance Le is [W / sr / m 2 The integrated radiance Le is usually called "radiance", but in order to distinguish it from the spectral radiance L(λ), it is called integrated radiance in the following description. The relationship between the integrated radiance Le and the spectral radiance L(λ) is given by the following equation (1).

[0067] [Number 1]

[0068]

[0069] Specifically, the wavelength band used to determine the integrated radiance Le is the visible light range, and λmin is from 360 nm to 380 nm and λmax is from 750 nm to 830 nm. When the predetermined wavelength band is from 360 nm to 830 nm, the relationship between the integrated radiance Le and the spectral radiance L(λ) is given by, for example, the following equation (2).

[0070] [Number 2]

[0071]

[0072] The integrated photometric luminance Lv presented by the display unit 100 will now be described. The integrated photometric luminance Lv is a photometric quantity obtained by assigning a weight of the influence of light radiation in the visible light range on human vision to the integrated radiance Le defined as the radiance. The photometric quantity is expressed by multiplying the radiance by the spectral luminous efficiency and integrating the resulting value within the wavelength range from wavelength λmin to wavelength λmax. The unit of the integrated photometric luminance Lv is "cd / m 2 ” or “nt”, or can be expressed as “lm / sr / m 2". The integrated photometric brightness Lv is usually called "luminance", but in order to distinguish it from the spectral radiance L(λ) or the integrated radiance Le, it is referred to as the integrated photometric brightness Lv in the following description. The relationship between the integrated photometric brightness Lv and the spectral radiance L(λ) is given by the following equation (3).

[0073] [Number 3]

[0074]

[0075] Note that V(λ) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency of photopic vision and is a function of wavelength λ. V(λ) has a value greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. The standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) is also called standard relative luminosity. Km is the maximum luminous efficacy and is a value (Km=683[lm / W]) that relates the photometric amount to the radiant amount at a wavelength (λ=555nm) where V(λ)=1. The wavelength band used to determine the integrated photometric brightness Lv is specifically the visible light range, and λmin is from 360nm to 380nm and λmax is from 750nm to 830nm. When the predetermined wavelength band is from 360nm to 830nm, the relationship between the integrated photometric brightness Lv and the spectral radiant brightness L(λ) is given by the following equation (4).

[0076] [Number 4]

[0077]

[0078] The spectral photometric luminance characteristics presented by the display unit 100 will now be described. The spectral photometric luminance characteristics are the relationship between wavelength and spectral photometric luminance, and the spectral photometric luminance with respect to any wavelength λ used as a variable is defined by a function F(λ) of the wavelength λ. The display unit 100 presents a predetermined spectral photometric luminance F(Λ) at a specific wavelength Λ (λ=Λ). The spectral photometric luminance F(λ) is a physical quantity obtained by assigning a weight to the effect of light radiation in the visible light range on human vision to the spectral radiance L(λ) defined as the amount of radiation. Since the spectral photometric luminance is the photometric amount per specific wavelength, the unit of the spectral photometric luminance F(λ) is [cd / m 2 / nm]. The unit of spectral photometric brightness F(λ) can be abbreviated as [cd / m 2 When the unit [cd / m 2 ], assuming the unit [cd / m 2] to express the spectral photometric brightness, and the unit used to express the spectral photometric brightness [cd / m 2 ] as [cd / m 2 / nm]. On the other hand, when the unit [cd / m 2 ], if the unit [cd / m 2 ] is used to represent the integrated photometric brightness, and the description will be made accordingly. The relationship between the spectral photometric brightness F(λ) and the spectral radiance L(λ) is given by the following equation (5).

[0079] F(λ)=683*L(λ)*V(λ)···(5)

[0080] As can be seen from equations (3) and (4) and equation (5), the spectral photometric brightness F(λ) is the indefinite integral of the spectral radiance L(λ).

[0081] When a display unit 100 having predetermined spectral characteristics exhibits spectral radiance L(Λ) at a wavelength Λ, the integrated radiance Le of the display unit 100 is greater than or equal to the spectral radiance L(Λ) (Le ≥ L(Λ)). In other words, exhibiting spectral radiance L(λ) or greater at a wavelength Λ is a sufficient condition for the integrated radiance Le of the display unit 100 to be greater than or equal to L(Λ). When the spectral radiance L(λ) = 0 holds for all wavelengths except the wavelength Λ (i.e., when the display unit 100 only presents light of a single wavelength), the relationship Le = L(Λ) is satisfied. When the display unit 100 having predetermined spectral characteristics exhibits spectral photometric luminance F(Λ) at a wavelength Λ, the integrated photometric luminance Lv of the display unit 100 is greater than or equal to the spectral photometric luminance F(Λ) (Lv ≥ F(Λ)). That is, the presence of spectral photometric luminance F(Λ) or greater at wavelength Λ is a sufficient condition for the integrated photometric luminance Lv of the display unit 100 to be greater than or equal to F(Λ). When spectral photometric luminance F(λ)=0 holds for all wavelengths except wavelength Λ (i.e., when the display unit 100 presents only light of a single wavelength), the relationship Lv=F(Λ) is satisfied.

[0082] Based on the above description, when the spectral radiance L(Λ) is present at the wavelength Λ, it can be seen from equation (5) that the integrated photometric luminance Lv of the display unit 100 is greater than or equal to 683*L(Λ)*V(Λ) (Lv ≥ 683*L(Λ)*V(Λ)). In other words, the presence of spectral radiance L(Λ) or greater at the wavelength Λ is a sufficient condition for the integrated photometric luminance Lv of the display unit 100 to be greater than or equal to 683*L(Λ)*V(Λ).

[0083] When the spectral photometric brightness F(λ) is presented at a wavelength Λ, the spectral radiance L(λ) at the wavelength λ can be determined by the following equation (6) obtained by modifying equation (5). Therefore, by using equation (5) or equation (6), the spectral radiance L(λ) and the spectral photometric brightness F(λ) can be converted to each other. When the unit [cd / m 2 ] or [cd / m 2 When the spectral photometric brightness F(λ) is described in terms of [λ / nm], the spectral photometric brightness F(λ) can be converted into the spectral radiance L(λ) by using equation (5) or equation (6).

[0084] L(λ)=F(λ) / (683*V(λ))···(6)

[0085] In order to achieve a value greater than or equal to F(Λ)[cd / m 2 ], the spectral radiance L(Λ) at wavelength Λ[nm] needs to be greater than or equal to F(Λ) / (683*V(Λ))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. In other words, when the spectral radiance at wavelength Λ[nm] is greater than or equal to F(Λ) / (683*V(Λ))[W / sr / m 2 / nm], regardless of whether the light is single wavelength or not, it can achieve a value greater than or equal to F(Λ)[cd / m 2 ] of the integrated metering brightness Lv. Figure 13A The horizontal axis represents the wavelength λ. Figure 13A The vertical axis (linear axis) on the right side of the graph represents the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) of photopic vision. Figure 13A The vertical axis (logarithmic axis) on the left side of the graph represents the spectral radiance L(λ). Figure 13A The graph shows that by measuring the spectral brightness F(λ) = 0.04 cd / m 2 Substituting into equation (6) we obtain the spectral radiance L(λ)=0.04 / (683*V(λ)). Similarly, Figure 13A The graph shows that by measuring the spectral photometric brightness F(λ) = 1 cd / m 2 Substituting into equation (6) we obtain the spectral radiance L(λ)=1 / (683*V(λ)), and by substituting the spectral photometric luminance F(λ)=5 cd / m 2 Substituting into equation (6) yields the spectral radiance L(λ)=5 / (683*V(λ)).

[0086] For example, the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) at a wavelength of 600 nm is 0.69. Substituting F(λ)=5 and V(λ)=0.69 into equation (6), we get 5 / (683*0.69)≈0.011. Therefore, in order to achieve a luminous efficiency greater than or equal to 5 cd / m² using only a single wavelength of 600 nm, 2 The integrated photometric brightness Lv, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 600nm needs to be greater than or equal to 0.011W / sr / m 2 / nm. In other words, if the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 600nm is only greater than or equal to 0.011W / sr / m 2 / nm, whether the light is single wavelength or not, it can achieve greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 The integrated photometric brightness Lv. In addition, for example, the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) at a wavelength of 650nm is 0.12. Substituting F(λ)=1 and V(λ)=0.12 into equation (6) yields 1 / (683*0.12)≈0.0123. In order to achieve a brightness greater than or equal to 1 cd / m² using only a single wavelength of 650nm light, 2 The integrated photometric brightness Lv, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 650nm needs to be greater than or equal to 0.0123W / sr / m 2 / nm. In other words, if the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 650nm is only greater than or equal to 0.0123W / sr / m 2 / nm, whether the light is single wavelength or not, it can achieve a wavelength greater than or equal to 1cd / m 2 The integrated photometric brightness Lv. In addition, for example, the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) at a wavelength of 700 nm is 0.0042. Substituting F(λ) = 0.04 and V(λ) = 0.0042 into equation (6) yields 0.04 / (683*0.0042) ≈ 0.014. In order to achieve a brightness greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m² using only light of a single wavelength of 700 nm, the following equation is used: 2 The integrated photometric brightness Lv, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 700nm needs to be greater than or equal to 0.014W / sr / m 2 / nm. In other words, if the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 700nm is only greater than or equal to 0.014W / sr / m 2 / nm, whether the light is single wavelength or not, it can achieve greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 The integral metering brightness Lv.

[0087] Likewise, if the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 520 nm is greater than or equal to 0.0001 W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2If the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 600nm is greater than or equal to 0.0001W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 If the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 650nm is greater than or equal to 0.0005W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 In addition, if the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 480nm is greater than or equal to 0.082W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 1cd / m 2 If the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 600nm is greater than or equal to 0.0021W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 1cd / m 2 If the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 700nm is greater than or equal to 0.3489W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 1cd / m 2 If the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 480nm is greater than or equal to 0.041W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 If the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 520nm is greater than or equal to 0.010W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 If the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 650nm is greater than or equal to 0.061W / sr / m 2 / nm, it can achieve greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 The integral metering brightness Lv.

[0088] Figure 2A The spectral characteristic L of the brightness of light presented by the type α unit 101 (type α element 111 and / or type α pixel 121) is shown. The type α unit 101 presents a brightness of 0.04 cd / m² or greater at a wavelength λL in the range of 650 nm or greater and 700 nm or less. 2The maximum brightness PL. That is, the wavelength-brightness characteristic (spectral brightness characteristic) of the type α unit is characterized by the fact that the brightness increases monotonically as the wavelength increases from wavelength λL-Δλ to wavelength λL, but decreases monotonically as the wavelength increases from wavelength λL to wavelength λL+Δλ. When it is assumed that the wavelength increases, the rising brightness begins to decrease at wavelength λL. Note that since the brightness at wavelengths other than near wavelength λL can be any value, Figure 2A Only the spectral brightness characteristics at and near the wavelength λL are shown, and the brightness at wavelengths other than near the wavelength λL is not shown.

[0089] In the spectral brightness characteristics shown Figure 2A In the figure, the left axis gives the spectral brightness characteristics expressed by spectral photometric brightness, and the right axis gives the spectral brightness characteristics expressed by spectral radiance. Note that, with V(λL) = 0.05 used as a typical example, the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λL) for photopic vision at a wavelength λL in the range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm applies to Figure 2A , but even in the case where V(λL) is not 0.05, the value of the maximum luminance PL is applicable.

[0090] The maximum luminance PL only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type α unit 101 is greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 When the maximum luminance PL at wavelength λL is greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 When the spectral radiance at wavelength λL is greater than or equal to 0.04 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. Although the maximum luminance PL can be less than 1cd / m 2 , but it is preferred that the maximum luminance PL is greater than or equal to 1cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type α unit 101 is greater than or equal to 1 cd / m 2 When the maximum luminance PL at wavelength λL is greater than or equal to 1cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance 2 When the spectral radiance at wavelength λL is greater than or equal to 1 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. Although the maximum luminance PL can be less than 5cd / m 2 , but the maximum luminance PL is preferably greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type α unit 101 is greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2When the maximum luminance PL at wavelength λL is greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 When the spectral radiance at wavelength λL is greater than or equal to 5 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. Although the maximum luminance PL can be less than 35cd / m 2 , but the maximum luminance PL is preferably greater than or equal to 35cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type α unit 101 is greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 Although the maximum luminance PL can be less than 100cd / m 2 , but it is more preferable that the maximum luminance PL is greater than or equal to 100 cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type α unit 101 is greater than or equal to 100 cd / m 2 Although the maximum luminance PL can be greater than or equal to 1000cd / m 2 , but the maximum brightness PL can be less than 1000cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of the type α unit 101 may be less than 1000 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 Although the maximum luminance PL can be greater than or equal to 500cd / m 2 , but the maximum brightness PL can be less than 500cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of the type α unit 101 may be less than 500 cd / m² in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 The type α unit 101 may exhibit a wavelength greater than or equal to 5 cd / m at a wavelength λL within a range of greater than or equal to 600 nm (preferably greater than or equal to 650 nm) and less than or equal to 700 nm. 2The maximum brightness PL of the display unit 101 of type α may be the peak brightness presented by the type α unit 101. Here, the peak brightness is the highest value (maximum value) of the brightness in the spectral characteristics of a given display unit 100. The maximum wavelength λL may be the peak wavelength (peak wavelength) of the type α unit 101. Here, the peak wavelength is the wavelength of light that presents peak brightness in the range (spectral distribution) of light presented by the display unit 100 having a predetermined wavelength-brightness characteristic (spectral brightness characteristic). Therefore, at wavelengths other than the peak wavelength, the display unit 100 has a brightness less than the peak brightness. The term "dominant wavelength" has a different meaning from "peak wavelength". The dominant wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the color perceived when the eye actually sees the following light, which is produced by combining multiple wavelengths of light within the range of light presented by the display unit 100 having a predetermined spectral brightness characteristic. That is, the dominant wavelength is determined according to the spectral distribution of light presented by the display unit 100. The peak wavelength may be different from the dominant wavelength having the same spectral brightness characteristic. The peak wavelength is associated with the spectral distribution of the radiant quantity (spectral radiance L(λ)), and the dominant wavelength is associated with the spectral distribution of the photometric quantity (spectral photometric luminance F(λ)). Therefore, the peak wavelength and peak luminance are defined by the spectral distribution of the spectral radiance. However, the peak luminance can be expressed by the spectral radiance, and can also be expressed by the spectral photometric luminance using equation (5) as described above.

[0091] Figure 2B The spectral characteristic S of the brightness of light presented by the type β unit 102 (type β element 112 and / or type β pixel 122) is shown. The type β unit 102 presents a spectral characteristic S of greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λS within a range of greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 650 nm. 2 The maximum brightness PS is λS. That is, the wavelength-brightness characteristic of the type β unit 102 is characterized by the fact that the brightness increases monotonically as the wavelength increases from the wavelength λS-Δλ to the wavelength λS, and the brightness decreases monotonically as the wavelength increases from the wavelength λS to the wavelength λS+Δλ. Assuming that the wavelength increases, the rising brightness begins to decrease at the wavelength λS. Note that since the brightness at wavelengths other than the wavelength λS can be any value, Figure 2B Only the spectral brightness characteristics at and near the wavelength λS are shown, and the brightness at wavelengths other than near the wavelength λS is not shown.

[0092] In the spectral brightness characteristics shown Figure 2BIn the graph, the left axis gives the spectral brightness characteristics expressed by spectral photometric brightness, and the right axis gives the spectral brightness characteristics expressed by spectral radiance. Note that, in the case where V(λS)=0.5 is used as a typical example, the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λS) for photopic vision at a wavelength λL in the range of greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than or equal to 650 nm applies to Figure 2B , but even when V(λS) is not 0.5, the value of the maximum brightness PS is applicable.

[0093] The maximum brightness PS only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type β unit 102 is greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 When the maximum brightness PS at wavelength λS is greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 When the spectral radiance at wavelength λS is greater than or equal to 0.04 / (683*V(λS))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. Although the maximum brightness PS can also be less than 1cd / m 2 , but it is preferred that the maximum brightness PS is greater than or equal to 1cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type β unit 102 is greater than or equal to 1 cd / m 2 When the maximum brightness PS at wavelength λS is greater than or equal to 1cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness 2 When the spectral radiance at wavelength λS is greater than or equal to 1 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. Although the maximum brightness PS can be less than 5cd / m 2 , but it is preferred that the maximum brightness PS is greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type β unit 102 is greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2 When the maximum brightness PS at wavelength λS is greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 When the spectral radiance at wavelength λS is greater than or equal to 5 / (683*V(λS))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. Figure 13A It can be understood that v(λ=468nm)=v(λ=650nm)=0.12 holds true. Therefore, within the range of greater than or equal to 470nm (or greater than or equal to 480nm) and less than 650nm, the power can be less than or equal to 0.06W / sr / m 2 / nm to achieve a spectral radiance greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2Spectral photometric brightness of less than or equal to 0.06 W / sr / m is achieved using a light source commonly used in display devices (such as electroluminescence, photoluminescence or cathode luminescence light source, etc.) 2 Additionally, when V(λ=519nm)=V(λ=600nm)=0.69 holds true, and the wavelength is within the range of 520nm or more and less than 600nm, it is possible to achieve a spectral radiance of less than or equal to 0.01W / sr / m 2 / nm to achieve a spectral radiance greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 That is, in order for the type β unit 102 to exhibit high brightness, it is preferable that the wavelength λS be within a range of greater than or equal to 470 nm (or greater than or equal to 480 nm) and less than 650 nm, and more preferably within a range of greater than or equal to 520 nm and less than 600 nm. Although the maximum brightness PS may be less than 35 cd / m 2 , but the maximum brightness PS is more preferably greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type β unit 102 is greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 Although the maximum brightness PS can be less than 100cd / m 2 , but the maximum brightness PS is still more preferably greater than or equal to 100 cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type β unit 102 is greater than or equal to 100 cd / m 2 Although the maximum brightness PS can be greater than or equal to 1000cd / m 2 , but the maximum brightness PS can be less than 1000cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of the type β unit 102 may be less than 1000 cd / m 2 Although the maximum brightness PS can be greater than or equal to 500cd / m 2 , but the maximum brightness PS can be less than 500cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of the type β unit 102 may be less than 500 cd / m 2 The maximum brightness PS may be the peak brightness exhibited by the type β unit 102 . The maximum wavelength λS may be the peak wavelength of the type β unit 102 .

[0094] Figure 2B The concept of the spectral characteristic S of the brightness of light presented by the type γ unit 103 (type γ element 113 and / or type γ pixel 123) is also shown. The type γ unit 103 (type γ element 113 and / or type γ pixel 123) also presents a spectral photometric brightness of greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength within the range of greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 650 nm.2 Therefore, the type gamma unit 103 (type gamma element 113 and / or type gamma pixel 123) exhibits a maximum brightness greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 However, the wavelength at which the type γ unit 103 exhibits maximum brightness may be different from the wavelength at which the type β unit 102 exhibits maximum brightness. The maximum brightness exhibited by the type γ unit 103 may also be different from the maximum brightness exhibited by the type β unit 102.

[0095] Figure 2B The concept of the spectral characteristic S of the brightness of light presented by the type delta unit 104 (type delta element 114 and / or type delta pixel 124) is also shown. The type delta unit 104 (type delta element 114 and / or type delta pixel 124) also presents a spectral photometric brightness greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength within a wavelength range greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 650 nm. 2 Therefore, the type delta unit 104 (type delta element 114 and / or type delta pixel 124) exhibits a maximum brightness greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 However, the wavelength at which the type δ unit 104 exhibits maximum brightness may be different from the wavelength at which the type β unit 102 exhibits maximum brightness. The wavelength at which the type δ unit 104 exhibits maximum brightness may also be different from the wavelength at which the type γ unit 103 exhibits maximum brightness.

[0096] The maximum luminance S presented by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 is greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 When the maximum brightness PL is greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 When the spectral radiance at the wavelength where the maximum brightness is achieved is greater than or equal to 0.04 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. Although the maximum luminance exhibited by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 may be less than 5 cd / m 2 , but it is preferred that the maximum luminance exhibited by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 is greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 is greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2 When the maximum brightness PS is greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 When the spectral radiance at the wavelength where the maximum brightness is reached is greater than or equal to 5 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm]. Although the maximum luminance exhibited by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 may be less than 35 cd / m 2 , but the maximum luminance exhibited by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 is more preferably greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 is greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 Although the maximum luminance presented by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 may be less than 100 cd / m 2 , but the maximum luminance exhibited by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 is still more preferably greater than or equal to 100 cd / m 2 In this case, the integrated photometric luminance of the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 is greater than or equal to 100 cd / m 2 Although the maximum luminance exhibited by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 may be greater than or equal to 1000 cd / m 2 , but the maximum luminance presented by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 may be less than 1000 cd / m 2 The integrated photometric brightness of the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 can be less than 1000 cd / m 2 Although the maximum luminance exhibited by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 may be greater than or equal to 500 cd / m 2 , but the maximum luminance presented by the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 may be less than 500 cd / m 2 The integrated photometric brightness of the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104 can be less than 500 cd / m 2 .

[0097] The maximum luminances PL and PS only need to be present at any display level (e.g., luminous intensity) of the display unit 100 (element 110 or pixel 120). However, in order to determine the performance of the display device 1, it is preferable to present the maximum luminances PL and PS at the highest display level (e.g., highest luminous intensity) of the display unit 100 (element 110 or pixel 120).

[0098] In a typical display device 1 that displays an image 15 in multiple colors on an element-by-element basis, the element 110 can be substantially identical to the pixel 120. Therefore, the element 110 can be referred to as a pixel 120. The maximum luminances PL and PS are the luminances at which the display device 1 is capable of displaying, and these luminances are obviously perceptible to the human eye. Light that exists only within the display device 1 and cannot be removed from the display device 1 is not a display unit 100. This light cannot be perceived by the eyes of a person viewing the display and is therefore not subject to the maximum luminances PL and PS. For example, even when light satisfying the spectral characteristic L is used as the light sources 11 and 12, if the transmittance at the wavelength λL is limited by, for example, a color filter, the display device 1 may not exhibit sufficient luminance at the wavelength λL.

[0099] Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of the element unit 10. Figure 3A In the example of FIG, each element 110 included in the element unit 10 presents light of a different wavelength (color) depending on its type. The color presented by each of the plurality of elements 110 can be the color of light emitted by the element 110, the color of light transmitted by the element 110, or the color of light reflected by the element 110. By observing the element unit 10 directly or indirectly through an optical system (such as a lens), the observer recognizes the light presented by the plurality of elements 110 of the element unit 10 as an image 15, which is a collection of pixels 120. That is, each of the pixels 120 included in the image 15 presents light of a different wavelength (color) depending on its type.

[0100] The following describes it in detail Figure 3AThe display device 1 shown in FIG. Element unit 10 may include a substrate 130 containing a semiconductor element (such as a transistor), wiring 132 on substrate 130, and an interlayer insulating film 131 surrounding wiring 132. Element unit 10 may include an electrode 133 connected to the semiconductor element in substrate 130 via wiring 132, a light-emitting layer 134 on electrode 133, and an electrode 135 on light-emitting layer 134. Element unit 10 may include a protective layer 136 on electrode 135, a color filter array 137 on protective layer 136, and a planarization film 138 on color filter array 137. Although the light-emitting layer 134 in this example emits white light, light-emitting layers emitting different colors may be provided for each element. Elements 111, 112, 113, and 114 include color filters of different transmittance colors in color filter array 137. The element corresponding to type α unit 101 among the plurality of elements 110 may include a first color filter. The element corresponding to the type β unit 102 among the plurality of elements 110 may include a second color filter having a different transmission characteristic from the first color filter. The plurality of elements 110 of the element unit 10 each have a different structure depending on the type. However, in this example, the element 111 and the element 114 include the same color filter. The element 111 of the element unit 10 may include a wavelength adjuster 139. The wavelength adjuster 139 is used to present a wavelength greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m2 at a wavelength λL within a range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm. 2 The light transmitted through the common color filter of element 111 and element 114 is adjusted in such a manner as to achieve the maximum brightness PL.

[0101] In the example of the projection type display device 1, the element unit 10 and the image 15 are separated. The plurality of elements 110 of the element unit 10 have the same structure. Figure 3B In the example shown, the elements 110 included in the element unit 10 simultaneously reflect or transmit light of the same wavelength (color). That is, at certain moments, the multiple elements 110 can exhibit the same color. In other words, the multiple elements 110 of the element unit 10 can be spatially of a single type.

[0102] In a reflective display device 1, the wavelength of light displayed on the display surface 14 can be controlled by temporally switching the wavelength of the light source 12 to control the wavelength of the incident light on the element unit 10 of the reflected light. In a reflective display device 1, the wavelength of light displayed on the display surface 14 can be controlled by temporally switching the wavelength selection component 13 to control the wavelength of the reflected light from the element unit 10 of the reflected light. In a transmissive display device 1, the wavelength of light displayed on the display surface 14 can be controlled by temporally switching the wavelength of the light source 12 to control the wavelength of the incident light on the element unit 10 of the transmitted light. In a transmissive display device 1, the wavelength of light displayed on the display surface 14 can be controlled by temporally switching the wavelength selection component 13 to control the wavelength of light transmitted through the element unit 10 of the transmitted light. For example, the wavelength selection component 13 is temporally switched by rotating a color wheel. The element unit 10 includes a substrate 130 and a plurality of elements 110 arranged on the substrate 130. In Figure 3B In the illustrated display device 1, element 110 is, for example, a reflective element. When light source 12 illuminates element unit 10, the direction of the reflected light is controlled based on an input signal received by element unit 10. The reflected light is temporally assigned a color by wavelength selection component 13 and displayed on display surface 14 outside display device 1. Display device 1 can be a scanning type.

[0103] Various color formation principles can be adopted for the display unit 100. For example, the color presented by the display unit 100 can be controlled by using a color filter. Alternatively, the color presented by the display unit 100 can be controlled by using a luminescent material that presents a specific luminescent color. In addition, various luminescence principles can be adopted. Examples of luminescence principles that can be adopted include electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL) and cathode luminescence (CL). Multiple luminescence principles can be used in combination. Possible luminescence types include fluorescence that occurs during an allowed transition from an excited singlet state to a singlet ground state, and fluorescence that occurs during a forbidden transition from an excited triplet state to a singlet ground state. The luminescent material can be an organic material, an inorganic material or an organic-inorganic hybrid material. For example, electroluminescence and photoluminescence can be used in combination. For example, a luminophore can be irradiated with the primary light emitted by electroluminescence to generate secondary light from photoluminescence. In this case, the element 110 may include a portion that emits light by electroluminescence and a portion that emits light by photoluminescence. The wavelength adjuster 139 may be a color filter or a light-emitting body that emits light by photoluminescence. For example, an organic material may be used for electroluminescence, and an organic-inorganic hybrid material may be used for photoluminescence. The inorganic material may be a quantum dot material. Examples of inorganic materials that can exhibit maximum brightness in the wavelength region of 650 nm to 750 nm include EuCeBaSrZnS, CeLnOS (Ln represents a lanthanide element), MnKTiOF, EuCaAlSi, CaLnSbMnO, and BaLnSbMnO. The element ratio of these materials can be appropriately set so that the peak wavelength when emitting light is 650 nm to 750 nm. Examples of inorganic materials that can exhibit maximum brightness in the wavelength region of 650nm to 750nm include those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-505009, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-196611, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-79213, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-1877. Examples of organic materials that can exhibit maximum brightness in the wavelength region of 650nm to 750nm include tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III) and polyimide materials. The polyimide material can be a polyimide in which nitrogen (N) is bonded via a divalent organic group including an alicyclic structure and carbon (C) is bonded via a tetravalent aromatic group, or can be any suitable material described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-274165. The brightness of the display unit 100 can be controlled by controlling the injection energy under the above-mentioned various types of luminescence.The element unit 10 using electroluminescence may include an organic EL element or a light-emitting diode (LED) arranged in the element unit 10. The brightness of the display unit 100 can be controlled by controlling the transmittance of the liquid crystal element or the reflectance of the mirror element. The element unit 10 of the reflective display device 1 may be composed of a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) or a digital micromirror device (DMD). The light source 11 or the light source 12 may be a backlight for the display device 1 including a transmissive display element in the element unit 10. In the display device 1 including a reflective display element in the element unit 10, the light source 12 may emit light for illuminating the element unit 10.

[0104] The device EQP including the display device 1 can be a mobile device such as a smartphone, mobile PC, or tablet. Mobile devices primarily intended for personal use can be customized to a preferred configuration based on an individual's color vision. The device EQP including the display device 1 can be a wearable device. Wearable devices are a type of mobile device. The display device 1 is suitable for use in wearable devices such as smart glasses, head-mounted displays (HMDs), goggle-type displays, and smart contact lenses.

[0105] The device EQP including the display device 1 may include a camera. This is preferable because when the display device 1 displays an image captured by the camera in the device EQP, the displayed image allows the user of the device EQP to easily distinguish colors. The device EQP including the camera may be a camera or an information device equipped with a camera.

[0106] Figure 3CThis is a schematic diagram illustrating smart glasses SG (a wearable device) as an example of a device EQP. Smart glasses SG are glasses-type devices and include a frame 1000 serving as a glasses-type housing. Frame 1000 includes temples 1003. Smart glasses SG include, for example, a display 1011, an imaging unit 1001, a processor 1002, and a pupil detector 1004. The element unit 10 of the display device 1 can be used as the display 1011. In this example, the display 1011 is positioned at the location of each lens of the glasses, but can be positioned at any location depending on the display format. The processor 1002 can include the drive unit 60, controller 40, and power supply unit 70 of the display device 1. The imaging unit 1001 can include an imaging device such as a CMOS image sensor and a taking lens for forming an image on the imaging device. The imaging unit 1001 is positioned outside each temple 1003 of the glasses. The imaging unit 1001 can be positioned so as to overlap the display 1011. The processor 1002 is arranged inside each temple 1003 of the glasses. In any case, the image is displayed on the display 1011. The pupil detector 1004 is arranged in the bridge of the frame 1000, but can also be arranged in each temple 1003 or at the location of each lens of the glasses. The processor 1002 can be configured to perform calculations based on artificial intelligence. The power supply unit 70 can not only supply power to the display 1011, but also to the camera unit 1001, the processor 1002, and the pupil detector 1004. The smart glasses SG may include a communication unit (not shown) through which other devices can communicate with the smart glasses SG through wired and / or wireless communication. In the smart glasses SG, the processor 1002 can exchange information with external devices via the communication unit. The smart glasses SG may include two displays 1011, one for the left eye and the other for the right eye. The smart glasses SG may also include two camera units 1001, one for the left eye and the other for the right eye. The timing of image capture and display can be appropriately set for each of the left-eye and right-eye image capture units 1001 and displays 1011. Specifically, the timing can be set so that images are captured at the same time and displayed at different times, or so that images are captured at different times and displayed at the same time. Although the image capture unit 1001 and display 1011 can be arranged at different locations, they can be arranged so that they overlap in the visual field.

[0107] The device EQP including the display device 1 may be any of an electronic board, a traffic light, and an on-vehicle indicator. When the display device 1 is used in public places (such as in the case of an electronic board, a traffic light, or an on-vehicle indicator), it is necessary to ensure high visibility for both people with normal color vision and those with color blindness. Although the above-mentioned devices generally ensure visibility for people with normal color vision, they can also improve visibility for people with color blindness by adopting embodiments of the present invention.

[0108] The image displayed by the example of the display device 1 is typically a variable pattern, but it may also be a fixed pattern. Figure 3D The element unit 10 of a traffic light machine is shown, which is an example of an equipment EQP including a display device 1. The element unit 10 includes three fixed patterns, a red pattern X surrounded by a solid line, a yellow pattern Y surrounded by a solid line, and a green (blue) pattern Z surrounded by a solid line. Depending on the time, one of the red pattern X, the yellow pattern Y, and the green (blue) pattern Z is lit. The red pattern X, the yellow pattern Y, and the green (blue) pattern Z are each composed of a plurality of elements 110. In this example, the red pattern X may include a plurality of type α elements 111, and the red pattern X may include a plurality of type δ elements 114. In this example, the green (blue) pattern Z may include a plurality of type β elements 112, and the green (blue) pattern Z may include a plurality of type γ elements 113. The yellow pattern Y includes a plurality of elements 110 that appear yellow.

[0109] The effect of using the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic L and the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic S (and / or the units 103 and 104 ) will now be described.

[0110] Light entering the human eye is received by photoreceptor cells on the retina. Photoreceptor cells are divided into two types according to their shape: rods and cones. Since rods are able to react to weak light, rods mainly work in dark places, while cones mainly work in bright places, depending on the intensity of the light. Cones serve as color sensors and are divided into three types that react to different wavelength characteristics: L cones, M cones, and S cones. In most people, L cones are believed to have the highest absorption rate at a wavelength of 560±10nm, M cones are believed to have the highest absorption rate at a wavelength of 530±10nm, and S cones are believed to have the highest absorption rate at a wavelength of 420±10nm.

[0111] Light emitted or reflected by a material causes different reactions in the three types of cones depending on their composition. This difference in reaction intensity creates color differences. For example, whether a color appears closer to red or green depends on the difference between the reaction intensity of the L cones and the M cones. The larger this difference, the closer the color appears to red, while the smaller the difference, the closer the color appears to green.

[0112] Vision in scenes with bright ambient light is called photopic vision, in which only cones are reactive. Photopic vision is when the luminance is 1 cd / m 2 Up to 5cd / m 2 Vision in an area of ​​1 cd / m² or larger, and can distinguish colors in this brightness range. The boundary between photopic vision and mesopic vision varies between individuals, and there are various theories about this boundary. Therefore, although the lower limit of brightness of photopic vision has been described as 1 cd / m², 2 Up to 5cd / m 2 However, if the brightness is only greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 , it can be assumed that photopic vision occurs in a large number of people.

[0113] Vision in scenes with dim ambient light is called scotopic vision, in which only rods are responsive. Scotopic vision is when the luminance is 0.001 cd / m 2 to 0.034cd / m 2 Vision in the area below or below. In scotopic vision, the L cones are non-responsive and are thought to be unable to distinguish colors.

[0114] Vision between photopic and scotopic vision is called mesopic vision, in which both cones and rods are reactive. At ambient light levels of mesopic vision, rods gradually increase their sensitivity while cones remain reactive, and it is known that both color perception and color sensation change in a complex manner. The boundary between scotopic vision and mesopic vision varies between individuals, and there are various theories about this boundary. Therefore, although the upper limit of luminance for scotopic vision has been described as 0.001 cd / m 2 to 0.034cd / m 2 However, if the brightness is only greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 , it can be assumed that intermediate vision occurs in a large number of people.

[0115] As mentioned above, human photoreceptors include multiple cells called rods, as well as L cones, M cones, and S cones. The ratios and spectral absorption characteristics of these cells vary between individuals. Therefore, human color vision or color matching functions vary, and this diversity is particularly complex and significant in the mesopic visual area. Because color vision varies, the perception of colors used in printed materials or displays varies from person to person.

[0116] The color vision that most people have is called normal color vision. Figure 12A This figure shows an example of the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of cone cells in normal color vision. On the other hand, some people have color vision that differs from normal (commonly referred to as color blind) because at least one of the three types of cone cells is defective or incomplete. Approximately 3% of the world's population is considered color blind. Most color blind people are considered to have "monochromatism," where the L cone cells are dysfunctional, or "dichromatism," where the M cone cells are dysfunctional. Figure 12B An example of the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of cone cells of achromatopsia is shown, and Figure 12C An example of the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of cone cells in dichromatic color blindness is shown. Figure 12B As shown in FIG, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of the L cone cells of achromatopsia (shown by L cone (i)) are different from the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of the L cone cells of normal color vision (shown by L cone (n)). Figure 12C As shown, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of the M cone cells of dichromatic color blindness (indicated by M cone (ii)) are different from the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of the M cone cells of normal color vision (indicated by M cone (n)). In the case of total color blindness, as Figure 12B As shown in Figure 2, the sensitivity area of L cones is generally shifted to shorter wavelengths. This increases the overlap between the spectral absorption characteristics of L cones and M cones and makes it difficult to perceive color differences in the red to green wavelength region. In the case of dichromatic color blindness, as Figure 12C As shown, the sensitivity range of M cones is generally shifted to longer wavelengths. As in the case of achromatopsia, this increases the overlap between the spectral absorption characteristics of L and M cones and makes it difficult to perceive color differences in the red to green wavelength region.

[0117] To correct for differences in color perception between individuals, a display device may include red pixels with a peak wavelength of 630 nm, so that the red pixels can cause the L cones to respond dominantly. However, in achromatopsia and dichromatopsia, 630 nm light does not produce a significant difference in the amount of response between the L cones and the M cones. Therefore, while this display device can correct for people with normal color vision, it is difficult for people with achromatopsia and dichromatopsia to easily distinguish colors.

[0118] Figure 12D An example of the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of rod photoreceptors is shown. Rod photoreceptors are sensitive in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 650 nm, and the wavelength corresponding to peak sensitivity (i.e., peak wavelength) is 500 ± 10 nm. In the aforementioned mesopic vision, color perception is believed to be influenced by the response of rod photoreceptors, and both color perception and color sensation are known to vary in complex ways. Specifically, it is known that an increase in the response of rod photoreceptors leads to the perception of blue and green.

[0119] In order to enable people with achromatopsia and dichromatopsia to distinguish red, the luminous intensity from the red pixel can be made higher than that of people with normal color vision. However, in the case of irradiating the red pixel with high intensity, if the luminous wavelength of the red pixel is in a wavelength region less than 650nm, the rod cells may be over-excited. As a result, especially in the intermediate visual area, this not only increases the perception of red, but also produces the perception of blue and green, and makes correction extremely complicated. Therefore, the provision of a display device that enables color blind people to easily distinguish colors will be discussed. Here, distinguishing a specific color means that a person perceives a given light as a second color rather than the first color.

[0120] like Figure 12B and Figure 12CAs shown, even in the case of color-blind people with achromatopsia or dichromatopsia, the sensitivity of L cones and M cones differs in the wavelength range of 600 nm to 700 nm. The difference between the sensitivity of L cones and M cones is even more significant in the wavelength range of 650 nm to 700 nm. Therefore, the present inventors believe that by displaying light that stimulates L cones in the wavelength range of 600 nm to 700 nm, or preferably in the wavelength range of 650 nm to 700 nm, it will become easier for color-blind people with achromatopsia or dichromatopsia to distinguish red. As described above, an effective way to suppress overexcitation of rod photoreceptors is to stimulate L cones outside the wavelength range of 400 nm or more and less than 650 nm, to which rod photoreceptors react (i.e., in the wavelength range of 650 nm or more and less than 700 nm). Since rod cells function poorly in the bright vision area, L cone cells can be stimulated in a wavelength region greater than or equal to 600 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm, or L cone cells can be stimulated in a wavelength region greater than or equal to 600 nm and less than or equal to 650 nm.

[0121] In this embodiment, the type α unit 101 exhibits a wavelength λL greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m² at a wavelength λL within a range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm. 2 Maximum brightness (or greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m 2 The integrated photometric brightness (of the luminance) enables mesopic vision or photopic vision. This makes it possible to distinguish colors by utilizing the sensitivity difference between L cones and M cones. That is, a color-blind person viewing the image 15 displayed on the display device 1 of this embodiment can perceive the light presented by the type α unit 101 as red. It is also possible to distinguish (distinguish) red from the color presented by the type β unit 102 (and / or the type γ unit 103 and the type δ unit 104), which are different from the type α unit 101. Therefore, a display device can be provided that allows color-blind people to easily distinguish colors.

[0122] Now some embodiments will be described as more specific examples of the first embodiment. Table 1 shows the correspondence between types α, β, γ, δ and ε and spectral characteristics La, Lb, Lc, Ld, R, G, M and B in the second to sixth embodiments described below. The respective values in brackets represent the peak wavelengths in the corresponding units. The spectral characteristics La, Lb, Lc and Ld are classified as subordinate concepts of the above-mentioned spectral characteristic L and have the characteristics of the spectral characteristic L. The spectral characteristics R, G, M and B are classified as subordinate concepts of the above-mentioned spectral characteristic S and have the characteristics of the spectral characteristic S. The combination of spectral characteristics is not limited to the combination in the embodiments described below. A unit having any one of the spectral characteristics L, La, Lb, Lc and Ld and a unit having any one of the spectral characteristics R, G, M and B can be used in combination to form the element unit 10 and the image 15.

[0123] [Table 1]

[0124]

[0125] <Second embodiment>

[0126] Figure 4 An example of spectral characteristics of the display device 1 according to the second embodiment is shown. In the second embodiment, the display unit 100 described in the first embodiment has three types: unit 101 , unit 102 , and unit 103 . Figure 4 The spectral characteristic La of the unit 101 , the spectral characteristic Ga of the unit 102 , and the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103 are shown. Figure 4 The spectral characteristics in are each shown as relative brightness normalized by the peak brightness of the display unit.

[0127] The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic La exhibits a spectral photometric brightness of 0.04 cd / m or more at a wavelength λL within a range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. 2 The maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 is shown in FIG. 1 . In this example, the wavelength λL is the peak wavelength of the unit 101, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λL) of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic La is 670 nm. The unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Ga exhibits a luminance of 0.04 cd / m² or greater at a wavelength λG within a range of 520 nm or greater and 550 nm or less. 2 In this example, the wavelength λG is the peak wavelength of the unit 102, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λG) of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Ga is 530 nm. The unit 103 having the spectral characteristic B exhibits a luminance of 0.04 cd / m or more at a wavelength λB within a range of 400 nm or more and less than 480 nm. 2The wavelength λG exhibiting the maximum brightness PB is preferably within a range of 400 nm or more and less than 450 nm. In this example, the wavelength λB is the peak wavelength of the unit 103, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λB) of the unit 103 having the spectral characteristic B is 420 nm.

[0128] In the second embodiment, the unit 101 has a spectral characteristic La. This makes it possible to obtain a spectral characteristic La even for a Figure 12B and Figure 12C The wavelength sensitivity characteristics shown above can also enable L cones to react predominantly, making it easier for color-blind people to distinguish red.

[0129] Unit 101 is considered to require a function that enables L cone cells to respond, and the cone cells are greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of unit 101 only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 , and the brightness of unit 101 only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric brightness 2 As the bright vision area is greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 The luminance region promotes the generation of colors in the display device 1. Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 , and the brightness of the unit 101 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric brightness. 2 In terms of ergonomics, the brightness of the display device is considered to be preferably greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 , and is considered to be preferably 100 cd / m2 in bright ambient light 2 Therefore, it is also preferable that the maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 of the second embodiment is greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 , and the luminance of the unit 101 of the second embodiment is greater than or equal to 35 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric luminance 2 The brightness of the unit 101 of the second embodiment is further preferably greater than or equal to 100 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric brightness. 2 .

[0130] The wavelength λL at which unit 101 of the second embodiment exhibits maximum brightness PL is located in a wavelength region where cones have lower sensitivity than the wavelengths λG and λB of the other units 102 and 103. Therefore, the maximum brightness PL of unit 101 is preferably set higher than the maximum brightness PG and PB of the other units 102 and 103.

[0131] In the second embodiment, the luminance at wavelengths λR less than 650 nm in the spectral characteristics La is greater than or equal to half of the maximum luminance PL. The luminance at 650 nm in the spectral characteristics La is also greater than or equal to half of the maximum luminance PL. In this example, the half-width (spectral half-width) FWHM (L) of the maximum luminance PL in the spectral characteristics La is greater than or equal to 50 nm. The half-width FWHM (L) in this example is 70 nm. The spectral half-width for a given luminance is the wavelength width at which the relative luminance in the spectral distribution of the light output is greater than or equal to 50% of the given luminance. Therefore, by increasing the luminance at wavelengths λR less than 650 nm in the spectral characteristics La, it is possible to ensure luminance in the wavelength region less than 650 nm in the light emitted by unit 101 and stimulate rod photoreceptors. Consequently, sensitivity to light, particularly in the intermediate vision region, can be ensured.

[0132] The maximum luminance in the wavelength range less than 650 nm in unit 101 is preferably lower than the maximum luminance PL in the wavelength range greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm in unit 101. In this case, even when unit 101 is made brighter, rods are not overstimulated, and the perception of blue and green colors is not excessively increased. This promotes hue correction in intermediate vision. The wavelength range greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm is an area where the sensitivity of L cones is low. Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of unit 101 is preferably set higher than the maximum luminance PG of unit 102 and the maximum luminance PB of unit 103.

[0133] The luminance at 520 nm in the spectral characteristic Ga is greater than or equal to half of the maximum luminance PG. The half width FWHM (G) of the maximum luminance PG in the spectral characteristic Ga is greater than or equal to 50 nm. The half width (spectral half width) FWHM (G) in this example is 60 nm. Therefore, by increasing the luminance at wavelengths of 480 nm to 520 nm in the spectral characteristic Ga, the luminance within the wavelength range of 480 nm to 520 nm can be ensured in the light emission of unit 102. This can stimulate the M cone cells, and this promotes color discrimination between red and green, especially in the area close to green.

[0134] The pixel arrangement of the element unit 10 according to this embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, the pixel arrangement may be Figure 5A The strip arrangement shown, Figure 5B The S strip arrangement shown, Figure 5C The honeycomb structure or PenTile structure shown in FIG. Figures 5A to 5EAs shown, unit 101 having spectral characteristic La is preferably larger than other units 102 and 103. When unit 101 is larger, the light intensity in the wavelength region greater than or equal to 650 nm can be increased, and the amount of light required to enable L cone cells to react can be provided.

[0135] The peak wavelength of 670 nm and the half width of 70 nm of the unit 101 of this embodiment can be achieved by appropriately producing a color filter using a color resist or a quantum dot material, or by appropriately selecting a luminescent material (such as an organic material or an inorganic material).

[0136] <Third embodiment>

[0137] Figure 6A An example of spectral characteristics of the display device 1 according to the third embodiment is shown. In the third embodiment, the display unit 100 described in the first embodiment has three types: unit 101 , unit 102 , and unit 103 . Figure 6A The spectral characteristic Lb of the unit 101 , the spectral characteristic M of the unit 102 , and the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103 are shown. Figure 6A The spectral characteristics in are each normalized by the peak brightness of the display unit. Since the spectral characteristic B is the same as that in the second embodiment, it will not be described here.

[0138] The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lb exhibits a spectral characteristic of 0.04 cd / m or more at a wavelength λL in a range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. 2 The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lb exhibits a maximum luminance PL of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λR in a range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 Therefore, the unit 101 exhibits an integrated photometric luminance greater than or equal to 0.08 cd / m 2 The maximum spectral radiance PR is lower than the maximum spectral radiance PL. In this example, the maximum spectral radiance PR is less than half the maximum spectral radiance PL. However, the maximum spectral radiance PR can be greater than or equal to half the maximum spectral radiance PL. In this example, the wavelength λL is the peak wavelength of unit 101, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λL) of unit 101 having spectral characteristic Lb is 680 nm. In this example, the wavelength λR is 620 nm.

[0139] Unit 101 is considered to require a function that enables L cone cells to respond, and the cone cells are greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2Therefore, the maximum luminance PL presented by the unit 101 only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 , and the luminance presented by the unit 101 only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric luminance 2 The brightness of the bright vision area is greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 The area of ​​promoting color generation in the display device 1. Therefore, the maximum luminance PL exhibited by the unit 101 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 , and the luminance presented by the unit 101 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric luminance 2 In terms of ergonomics, the brightness of the display device is considered to be preferably greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 , and is considered to be preferably 100 cd / m2 in bright ambient light 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PL exhibited by the unit 101 of the third embodiment is more preferably equal to or greater than 35 cd / m² in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 , and the luminance exhibited by the unit 101 of the third embodiment is also more preferably greater than or equal to 35 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 The luminance of the unit 101 according to the third embodiment is still more preferably greater than or equal to 100 cd / m 2 .

[0140] The unit 102 having the spectral characteristic M exhibits a spectral photometric brightness of 0.04 cd / m or more at a wavelength λM in a range of 480 nm or more and 520 nm or less. 2 Therefore, the unit 102 exhibits an integrated photometric luminance greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 In this example, the wavelength λM is the peak wavelength of the unit 102, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λM) of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic M is 500 nm. In the third embodiment, the unit 101 has the spectral characteristic Lb. This makes it possible to obtain a uniform brightness even for a unit having Figure 12B and Figure 12C The wavelength sensitivity characteristics shown above can also enable L cone cells to react predominantly. This makes it easier for color blind people to distinguish red. Similarly, when the maximum brightness presented by unit 103 is greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness, 2 When the brightness presented by unit 103 is greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 The maximum brightness exhibited by unit 103 is also preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness. 2This is because the luminance presented by the unit 103 in this case is also greater than or equal to 5 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 .

[0141] In the third embodiment, the unit 101 exhibits a spectral photometric brightness of 0.04 cd / m2 or more at a wavelength λR within a range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 The maximum luminance PR is 1.0. This allows rod photoreceptors to be stimulated in the wavelength range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. Therefore, sensitivity to light, particularly in the intermediate vision region, can be ensured. The peak luminance PL of unit 101 can be higher than the peak luminances of the other units 102 and 103. The maximum luminance PR at a wavelength λR of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm is lower than the maximum luminance PL in the wavelength range of 650 nm or more. The maximum luminance PR at a wavelength λR less than 650 nm is less than half the maximum luminance PL in the wavelength range of 650 nm or more. The luminance at a wavelength of 650 nm can be lower than the luminance at a wavelength λR less than 650 nm. In this case, even when unit 101 emits light at a higher intensity, rod photoreceptors are not overstimulated, which facilitates hue correction in intermediate vision. Therefore, the half-value width (FWHM) (L) for the maximum luminance PL in the spectral characteristic Lb is preferably less than 50 nm. In this example, the half-value width (FWHM) (L) is 30 nm.

[0142] Furthermore, in the third embodiment, the unit 102 exhibits 0.04 cd / m2 or more at a wavelength λM in a range of 480 nm or more and 520 nm or less. 2 The maximum brightness PM. Figure 12A 、 Figure 12B and Figure 12C It can be seen that in the wavelength range of 480 nm or greater and less than 520 nm, unlike other wavelength ranges, the response of M cones tends to dominate over that of L cones. That is, when the wavelength λM at which unit 102 exhibits maximum luminance PM is set to 480 nm or greater and less than 520 nm, color discrimination between red and green can be improved, particularly in the region near green. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) (M) for the maximum luminance PM in spectral characteristic M is less than 50 nm. In this example, the FWHM (M) is 40 nm. Therefore, rods are not overstimulated, and hue correction in mesopic vision is facilitated.

[0143] In the third embodiment, as described above, even for a person with total color blindness or dichromatic color blindness, the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lb can make the response of the L cone cells dominant relative to the response of the M cone cells. Similarly, the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic M can make the response of the M cone cells dominant relative to the response of the L cone cells. This further promotes color discrimination between green and red.

[0144] Referring Figure 6B and Figure 6C , an example of the structure of the type δ unit 104 having a sub-peak in the wavelength region of less than 650 nm according to the present embodiment will be described. Figure 6B shows an example of the emission spectrum of the light-emitting layer 134 (see Figure 3A ) in the wavelength band of 600 nm to 700 nm. As Figure 6B shown, the maximum luminance of the light-emitting layer 134 at the wavelength λL greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm is weaker in luminous intensity than the maximum luminance of the light-emitting layer 134 at the wavelength λR greater than or equal to 600 nm and less than 650 nm. Therefore, the emission spectrum can be adjusted by the color filter array 137 and / or the wavelength adjuster 139 shown in Figure 3A . For example, the color filters of the elements 111 and 114 in the color filter array 137 have the characteristic of transmitting red. Although the types α and δ of the red color filters in the elements 111 and 114 are the same in this example, they can be different. Figure 6C shows the wavelength-transmittance characteristic of the wavelength adjuster 139 as a color filter. The wavelength adjuster 139 has a wavelength-transmittance characteristic different from that of the type α color filter and the type δ color filter of the color filter array 137. The wavelength adjuster 139 has a relatively low transmittance in the wavelength region of 600 nm to 650 nm and a relatively high transmittance in the wavelength region greater than or equal to 650 nm. Therefore, by superimposing the characteristic of the wavelength adjuster 139 on the spectral characteristic shown in Figure 6B , the transmittance at the wavelength λR can be significantly reduced. As a result, the spectral characteristic Lb of PR < PL shown in Figure 6A can be achieved. Although an example of using the wavelength adjuster 139 is described here, a color filter shown in Figure 6C can also be used as the type α color filter for the element 111. Therefore, the spectral characteristic Lb can be achieved by adjusting the emission spectrum and transmittance of the color filter as described above.

[0145] The maximum brightness PM at a wavelength λM in the range greater than or equal to 480 nm and less than 520 nm in the spectral characteristics M of this embodiment can also be achieved by appropriately producing a color filter using a color photoresist or quantum dot material, or can be achieved by appropriately selecting a luminescent material (such as an organic material or an inorganic material, etc.).

[0146] <Fourth embodiment>

[0147] Figure 7 An example of spectral characteristics of the display device 1 according to the fourth embodiment is shown. In the fourth embodiment, the display unit 100 described in the first embodiment has three types: unit 101 , unit 102 , and unit 103 . Figure 7 The spectral characteristic Lc of the unit 101 , the spectral characteristic Gb of the unit 102 , and the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103 are shown. Figure 7 The spectral characteristics in are each shown as relative brightness normalized by peak brightness of the display unit. Since the spectral characteristic B is the same as that in the second embodiment, it will not be described here.

[0148] The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lc exhibits a spectral characteristic of 0.04 cd / m or more at a wavelength λL in a range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. 2 The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lc exhibits a maximum luminance PL of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λR in a range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 The maximum luminance PR is higher than the maximum luminance PL. Although the maximum luminance PL in this example is greater than or equal to half the maximum luminance PR, the maximum luminance PL may be less than half the maximum luminance PR. In this example, the wavelength λR is the peak wavelength of the unit 101, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λR) of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lc is 620 nm. In this example, the wavelength λL is 670 nm.

[0149] In the fourth embodiment, the unit 101 has a spectral characteristic Lc. This makes it possible to obtain a spectral characteristic Lc even for a Figure 12B and Figure 12C The wavelength sensitivity characteristics shown above can also enable L cones to react predominantly, making it easier for color-blind people to distinguish red.

[0150] The half-width (FWHM) (L) for the maximum luminance PL in the spectral characteristics Lc is less than 50 nm, and in this example, the half-width (FWHM) (L) is 20 nm. Furthermore, the half-width (FWHM) (G) for the maximum luminance PG in the spectral characteristics Gb is less than 50 nm, and in this example, the half-width (FWHM) (G) is 35 nm. Therefore, by reducing the half-width (FWFH) (L) and half-width (FWFH) (G), overstimulation of the M cones can be suppressed, making it easier to distinguish between red and green.

[0151] In the fourth embodiment, the unit 101 exhibits a luminance of 0.04 cd / m² or greater at a wavelength λR in a range of 550 nm or greater and 650 nm or less. 2 The maximum brightness PR of the unit 101 is 5 cd / m². This makes it possible to stimulate the rod cells in the wavelength region greater than or equal to 550 nm and less than 650 nm. Therefore, the sensitivity to light, especially in the intermediate vision region, can be ensured. The maximum brightness PL of the unit 101 can be higher than the maximum brightness of the other units 102 and 103. The maximum brightness PR in the wavelength region less than 650 nm is higher than the maximum brightness PL in the wavelength region greater than or equal to 650 nm. In this case, when the unit 101 emits light at a higher intensity, the rod cells may be overstimulated in the intermediate vision region, but hue correction is easy to perform in the bright vision region. Therefore, the maximum brightness PR is preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m². 2 , i.e., the bright vision area. When the maximum luminance PL is greater than or equal to half of the maximum luminance PR, the unit 101 can fully stimulate the L cone cells.

[0152] In order to realize the spectral characteristic Lc, the wavelength adjuster 139 having a relatively high transmittance in the wavelength range of 600 nm to 650 nm and a relatively low transmittance in the wavelength range of 650 nm to 700 nm may be used for the wavelength adjuster 139 having Figure 6B The spectral characteristics of the light-emitting layer 134 are shown.

[0153] <Fifth embodiment>

[0154] Figure 8 An example of spectral characteristics of the display device 1 according to the fifth embodiment is shown. In the fifth embodiment, the display unit 100 described in the first embodiment has four types: unit 101 , unit 102 , unit 103 , and unit 104 . Figure 8 The spectral characteristic Ld of the unit 101 , the spectral characteristic M of the unit 102 , the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103 , and the spectral characteristic R of the unit 104 are shown. Figure 8 The spectral characteristics in are each shown as relative brightness normalized by peak brightness of the display unit. Since the spectral characteristic B is the same as that in the second to fourth embodiments, it will not be described here.

[0155] The unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R exhibits a spectral photometric brightness of 0.04 cd / m or more at a wavelength λR in a range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 Therefore, the unit 104 exhibits a maximum luminance PR greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 In this example, the wavelength λR is the peak wavelength of the unit 104, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λR) of the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R is 600 nm.

[0156] The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld exhibits a spectral photometric brightness of 0.04 cd / m or more at a wavelength λL within a range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. 2 Therefore, the unit 101 exhibits a maximum luminance PL greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 In this example, the wavelength λL is the peak wavelength of the unit 101, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λL) of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is 670nm. Therefore, even for the Figure 12B and Figure 12C The wavelength sensitivity characteristics shown can also cause L cones to react predominantly, making it easier to distinguish red.

[0157] In the fifth embodiment, the spectral radiance at wavelengths greater than or equal to 550 nm and less than 650 nm in the spectral characteristic Ld is less than half the maximum luminance PL. The spectral radiance at 650 nm in the spectral characteristic Ld is also less than half the maximum luminance PL. In this example, the half-value width (FWHM) (L) for the maximum luminance PL in the spectral characteristic Ld is less than 50 nm. In the fifth embodiment, the display unit 100 includes both units 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld and units 104 having the spectral characteristic R. The wavelength λR at which the units 104 exhibit maximum luminance PR is set within a wavelength range where the sensitivity of the L cones is sufficiently high and rods also have sensitivity. In other words, in the fifth embodiment, the units 104 having the spectral characteristic R have the function of not only stimulating the response of the L cones in an energy-efficient manner but also enabling the response of the rods. Therefore, the units 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld only need to have the function of enabling the response of the L cones to dominate over the response of the M cones. The half-width (FWHM) (L) of unit 101 is less than 50 nm, so that unit 101 can stimulate L cones while minimizing stimulation of M cones in the wavelength region where there is a response difference between L cones and M cones. This makes it easier to distinguish colors.

[0158] The wavelength λL at which the unit 101 exhibits the maximum luminance PL, which has the spectral characteristic Ld of the fifth embodiment, is within a wavelength region where the sensitivity of the L cone cells is lower than the sensitivity at the wavelengths λM and λB at which the other units 102 and 103 exhibit their maximum luminances PM and PB. Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 is preferably set higher than the maximum luminances PM and PB of the other units 102 and 103.

[0159] Light with maximum luminance PL presented by unit 101 having spectral characteristic Ld according to the fifth embodiment cannot be detected by rod photoreceptors, which lack sensitivity in the wavelength range of 650 nm or greater. That is, even when the luminance of unit 101 having spectral characteristic Ld increases, for example, in the mesopic region, rod photoreceptor overreaction and the associated perception of blue and green are less likely to occur. Consequently, the perception of red can be appropriately enhanced, facilitating color correction.

[0160] exist 9A to 9F , an example of an arrangement pattern of the display units 100 according to the fifth embodiment is shown in FIG. The four types of display units 100 include units 101, 102, 103, and 104. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the display units 100 may be such as Figure 9A The strip arrangement shown, or it may be a strip arrangement such as Figure 9B and Figure 9C The arrangement of the display unit 100 may be such as Figures 9D to 9F The delta arrangement shown in FIG or the like, or a PenTile arrangement (not shown). 9A to 9F As shown in FIG. 1 , the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is preferably adjacent to the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R. In order to increase the maximum brightness PL of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld, the area of the unit 101 is preferably relatively large. Figure 9B 、 Figure 9C 、 Figure 9E and Figure 9F , the area of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is larger than the area of the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R.

[0161] In the fifth embodiment, independently controlled units 101 and 104 enable efficient response of the L cones. Furthermore, the sensitivity difference between the L and M cones can be set to any level without considering the response of the rods. This improves color correction flexibility and image formation energy efficiency.

[0162] <Sixth embodiment>

[0163] Figure 10 An example of spectral characteristics of the display device 1 according to the sixth embodiment is shown. In the sixth embodiment, the display unit 100 described in the first embodiment has five types, namely, the unit 105 and the above four types of units: unit 101, unit 102, unit 103, and unit 104. Figure 10 The spectral characteristic Ld of the unit 101 , the spectral characteristic Gb of the unit 102 , the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103 , the spectral characteristic R of the unit 104 , and the spectral characteristic M of the unit 105 are shown. Figure 10 The spectral characteristics in FIG are each shown as relative brightness normalized by peak brightness in display units. Since the spectral characteristics LD, R, and B are the same as those in the fifth embodiment, they will not be described here. Since the spectral characteristic M is the same as that in the third and fifth embodiments, it will not be described here.

[0164] The peak wavelength of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb is a wavelength λG within the range of greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than 600 nm, where 500 nm is the peak wavelength of the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M, and 600 nm is the peak wavelength of the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R. In other embodiments, the peak wavelength of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb may also be greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than 600 nm. The unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb exhibits a spectral photometric brightness greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λG within the range of greater than or equal to 520 nm and less than 550 nm. 2 Therefore, the unit 102 presents a maximum brightness PG greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 In this example, the wavelength λG is the peak wavelength of the unit 102, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λG) of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb is 530 nm.

[0165] The unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M exhibits a spectral photometric brightness of 0.04 cd / m or more at a wavelength λM in a range of 480 nm or more and 520 nm or less. 2 Therefore, the unit 102 presents a maximum brightness of greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 In this example, the wavelength λM is the peak wavelength of the unit 105, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λM) of the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M is 500 nm.

[0166] The unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M is considered to have the function of enabling the M cone cells to react, and the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M can enable the M cone cells to react predominantly. 12A to 12CAs shown, S cones react predominantly at wavelengths less than 480 nm, while L cones' sensitivity increases at wavelengths greater than or equal to 520 nm. Therefore, in the sixth embodiment, the wavelength λM at which the spectral characteristic M exhibits maximum luminance PM is set within the wavelength range of 480 nm to 520 nm. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) (M) for the maximum luminance PM in the spectral characteristic M is set to less than 50 nm.

[0167] As described above, the display device 1 according to the sixth embodiment includes both the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb and the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M. The wavelength λG at which the unit 102 exhibits the maximum brightness PG is set within a wavelength region where the sensitivity of the M cones is sufficiently high. In other words, in the sixth embodiment, the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb only needs to stimulate the reaction of the M cones in an energy-efficient manner, and the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M only needs to make the reaction of the M cones greater than that of the L cones.

[0168] Unit 105 is considered to require the function of enabling the M cone cells to respond, and the M cone cells are greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum brightness PM of a unit of 105 at wavelength λM only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness. 2 , and the brightness of the unit 105 only needs to be greater than or equal to 0.04cd / m in terms of integrated photometric brightness 2 As the bright vision area is greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 The brightness region promotes the generation of colors in the display device 1. Therefore, the maximum brightness PM of the unit 105 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness. 2 , and the brightness of the unit 105 is preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric brightness. 2 In terms of ergonomics, the brightness of the display device is considered to be preferably greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 , and is considered to be preferably 100 cd / m2 in bright ambient light 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PM of the unit 105 according to the sixth embodiment is more preferably equal to or greater than 35 cd / m² in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 , and the luminance of the unit 105 according to the sixth embodiment is preferably greater than or equal to 35 cd / m in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 The luminance of the unit 105 according to the sixth embodiment is still more preferably greater than or equal to 100 cd / m 2 .

[0169] exist Figures 11A to 11HAn example of an arrangement pattern of the display units 100 according to the sixth embodiment is shown in FIG. The five types of display units 100 include units 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105. In the sixth embodiment, the arrangement of the display units 100 may be such as Figure 11A The strip arrangement shown, or it may be a strip arrangement such as Figures 11B to 11E The arrangement of the display unit 100 may be such as Figures 11F to 11H The triangle arrangement shown in FIG or the like, or a PenTile arrangement (not shown). Figures 11A to 11F As shown, the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is preferably adjacent to the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R. In order to increase the maximum brightness PL of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld, the area of the unit 101 is preferably relatively large. This makes it possible to stimulate the L cone cells even in the wavelength range of 650nm to 700nm where the sensitivity of the L cone cells is low. For example, Figure 11D 、 Figure 11E and Figure 11G In FIG. 1 , the area of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is larger than the area of the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R. Figures 11A to 11H As shown, the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M is preferably adjacent to the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb. Figure 11A and Figure 11B As shown, units having other spectral characteristics (e.g., unit 103 having spectral characteristic B and unit 104 having spectral characteristic R) may be provided between unit 101 having spectral characteristic Ld and unit 102 having spectral characteristic Gb and unit 105 having spectral characteristic M. Unit 101 having spectral characteristic Ld is not adjacent to unit 102 having spectral characteristic Gb and unit 105 having spectral characteristic M, and this facilitates differentiation between red and green.

[0170] The M cones respond not only to the light of unit 102 but also to the light of unit 105. Therefore, even when, for example, Figure 11B and Figure 11C When the sizes of units 102 and 105 are reduced to approximately half the size of unit 103, the M cones can still react adequately. However, since the sensitivity of the L cones in the light-emitting region of unit 101 is low, as in other embodiments, the size of unit 101 is preferably larger than that of the other units.

[0171] As described above, the display device 1 according to the sixth embodiment includes five independently controlled types: unit 101, unit 102, unit 103, unit 104, and unit 105. This enables efficient and flexible color correction, which makes it easier for color-blind people to distinguish between green and red. Since images can be displayed using only conventional RGB pixels, this also provides greater convenience for people with normal color vision.

[0172] <Seventh embodiment>

[0173] The operation of the display device 1 as the seventh embodiment will now be described. The seventh embodiment is applicable to any one of the first to sixth embodiments.

[0174] The display device 1 uses a signal RGB including data corresponding to R values, G values, and B values in an RGB color space. When the image signal SIG received by the display device 1 is not a signal RGB including data corresponding to R values, G values, and B values in an RGB color space, for example, a signal SIG of a non-RGB color space (such as a YUV color space, an XYZ color space, or a CMY color space) may be received as an input signal. In this case, the display device 1 may include a converter for converting the signal SIG of the non-RGB color space into a signal RGB of an RGB color space. Examples of RGB color spaces include sRGB color space and Adobe RGB color space. Examples of YUV color spaces include YCbCr color space and YPbPr color space. Examples of CMY color spaces include CMYK color space.

[0175] Based on the RGB signals, the driving unit 60 generates a driving signal DRV appropriate for the structure of the element unit 10. In the first through sixth embodiments, cells 101 and 104 each exhibit a brightness corresponding to the R value. Cells 102 and 105 each exhibit a brightness corresponding to the G value. Cell 103 exhibits a brightness corresponding to the B value. Since cell 101 is initially configured to distinguish red, it will be used to display the R channel of an image. Therefore, cells 101 and 104 each exhibit a brightness corresponding to the R value. Similarly, since cell 105 is initially configured to distinguish green, it will be used to display the G channel of an image. Therefore, cells 102 and 105 each exhibit a brightness corresponding to the G value. Each cell in the plurality of cells 101 then changes brightness in conjunction with any cell in the plurality of cells 104. Specifically, each cell in the plurality of cells 101 changes brightness within one second before or after any cell in the plurality of cells 104 changes brightness. Each cell in the plurality of cells 101 can also change brightness simultaneously with any cell in the plurality of cells 104 changing brightness. Likewise, each unit in the plurality of units 105 changes brightness in conjunction with any unit in the plurality of units 102. Specifically, each unit in the plurality of units 105 changes brightness within one second before or after a change in brightness of any unit in the plurality of units 102. Each unit in the plurality of units 102 may change brightness simultaneously with a change in brightness of any unit in the plurality of units 105.

[0176] The controller 40 is provided with a database 20 storing color vision information. The controller 40 has a function of calculating the gain of the RGB signal required for correction based on the color vision information in the database 20. The controller 40 then generates a correction table for the RGB signal of each color and sends the generated table to the drive unit 60.

[0177] The driving unit 60 receives the input signal SIG and adjusts the signal SIG using the control signal CTRL transmitted from the controller 40. The driving signal DRV generated by the adjustment is output to the element unit 10. For the driving signal DRV based on the R value, the driving unit 60 can apply different gains to the driving signal DRV for the driving unit 101 and the driving signal DRV for the driving unit 104. For the driving signal DRV based on the G value, the driving unit 60 can apply different gains to the driving signal DRV for the driving unit 102 and the driving signal DRV for the driving unit 105.

[0178] The color vision information in database 20 may include multiple patterns. For example, the color vision information may include a first pattern corresponding to normal color vision, a second pattern corresponding to achromatopsia, and a third pattern corresponding to dichromatic color blindness. The display device 1 receives an instruction signal CLB indicating a user's adjustment instruction. Based on the instruction signal CLB, one of the multiple patterns in the color vision information stored in database 20 is selected. Based on the selected pattern, the controller 40 generates a correction table for each color and transmits a control signal CTLR to the drive unit 60 based on the correction table. If the first pattern corresponding to normal color vision is selected as the color vision information stored in database 20, the controller 40 may not transmit the control signal CTRL, and the drive unit 60 may output a standard type of drive signal DRV.

[0179] As described above, in this embodiment, even for people with achromatopsia or dichromatopsia, the sensitivity difference between L cones and M cones can be easily generated by the light of the type α unit 101, and color correction most suitable for each person can be performed.

[0180] <Eighth Embodiment>

[0181] The eighth embodiment is an embodiment that can be combined with the seventh embodiment. The controller 40 may include a color vision test component 30. The eighth embodiment enables a person to input his or her own color vision information into the display device 1. The color vision information includes the wavelength sensitivity function of the L cone cells, the M cone cells, and the S cone cells and the color matching function of the RGB pixels expected therefrom. The color vision test component 30 can select the newly created color vision information. In this embodiment, the display device 1 may include a color vision test component 30. The color vision test component 30 may be implemented by a hardware circuit, or may be implemented by a processor (e.g., an MPU, an FPGA, or a DSP) and software. The color vision test component 30 may be implemented by a combination of the above two.

[0182] Color vision testing methods can be implemented using a program generated based on a pseudoisochromatic plate. A pseudoisochromatic plate is a table that depicts numbers using color combinations that are difficult for color-blind people to perceive. Whether a person has normal color vision can be determined based on whether they can correctly read the number. Even if a person cannot read the number, adjusting the gain of the RGB pixels can enable them to correctly read the number in most cases. The amount of gain adjustment performed on the RGB pixels can be used to predict a person's color vision information.

[0183] The type of color vision test (including the availability of such a test function) is not particularly limited. The test method is also not particularly limited to a test method using a pseudo-isochromatic chart, and may be a hue arrangement test.

[0184] In the color vision test method for the display device 1 of the fifth embodiment, when making adjustments to enable recognition of numbers in the pseudo-metameric table, gain adjustment of the type α unit 101 is added to the adjustments. As an example, Table 2 shows the correction results for any image that can be obtained through the color vision test of the display device 1 of the fifth embodiment.

[0185] [Table 2]

[0186] Type α Type β Type γ Type δ Normal color vision 0 125 0 150 Achromatopsia 100 110 0 180 Dichromatic color blindness 200 115 0 125

[0187] If a person has Figure 12B In the case of achromatopsia, such as the one shown, the L cones react less to red light than those with normal color vision. Therefore, correction is performed to increase the red light intensity. Since increasing the luminous intensity of type δ units 104 causes an overreaction in the M cones, correction is also performed to offset this overreaction by reducing the luminous intensity of type β units 102.

[0188] If a person has total color blindness, the light emitted by the type δ unit 104 is unlikely to produce a difference in the amount of reaction between the L cones and the M cones. The light emitted by the type α unit 101 can allow the L cones to react to any degree without causing an excessive reaction in the M cones. Therefore, when it is necessary to allow the reaction of the L cones to dominate over the reaction of the M cones, correction is performed so that the type α unit 101 emits light at an intensity that allows the L cones to react sufficiently.

[0189] If a person has Figure 12C In cases of dichromatic color blindness, such as the dichromatic color blindness shown, the M cones overreact to the light emitted by the type δ unit 104, making it difficult to create a difference in the amount of response between the L cones and the M cones. On the other hand, the L cones' response to the light emitted by the type α unit 101 is dominant over the M cones' response. Therefore, when it is necessary to allow the L cones' response to dominate over the M cones' response, correction is performed to reduce the light intensity of the type δ unit 104 and increase the light intensity of the type α unit 101. The sensitivity of the L cones to light emitted by the type α unit 101 is significantly lower than that to light emitted by the type δ unit 104. Therefore, to reduce the light intensity of the type δ unit 104, the light intensity of the type α unit 101 is corrected so that the increase in the light intensity of the type α unit 101 is greater than the decrease in the light intensity of the type δ unit 104. Since the M cones overreact to the luminescence of the type δ unit 104 , in order to counteract this overreaction, a correction involving reducing the luminescence intensity of the type β unit 102 is also performed.

[0190] Based on the multiple image correction results performed as described above, the user's color vision information is estimated, and the gain adjustment amount for each pixel is determined. In this example, the type of color vision test (including the availability of such a test function) is not particularly limited. The test method is not particularly limited to the test method using a pseudo-metameric chart and can also be a hue permutation test. Furthermore, the gain adjustment method for each pixel is not limited to the gain adjustment method described above.

[0191] The color vision testing method used for the display device 1 of the sixth embodiment does not differ significantly from the color vision testing method used for the display device 1 of the fifth embodiment. However, when making adjustments to enable identification of numbers in a pseudo-metameric table, gain adjustment of the type ε unit 105 is added to the adjustments in this embodiment. As an example, Table 3 shows the correction results for any image that can be obtained through the color vision test of the display device 1 of the sixth embodiment.

[0192] [Table 3]

[0193] Type α Type β Type γ Type δ Type ε Normal color vision 0 175 90 50 0 Achromatopsia 60 110 60 60 100 Dichromatic color blindness 100 175 75 30 50

[0194] If a person has Figure 12B For people with achromatopsia, such as the one shown, the L cones overreact to the light emitted by type β units 102, making it difficult to create a difference in the amount of response between the L cones and the M cones. On the other hand, the M cones' response to the light emitted by type ε units 105 is dominant over the L cones' response. Therefore, when it is necessary to allow the M cones' response to dominate over the L cones' response, correction is performed to reduce the intensity of the light emitted by type β units 102 and increase the intensity of the light emitted by type ε units 105. However, since the light emitted by type ε units 105 also stimulates a response in the S cones, additional correction is performed to reduce the brightness (or light intensity) of type γ units 103 to offset this response. For people with achromatopsia, the amount of response of the L cones to the light emitted by type δ units 104 is smaller than in the case of people with normal color vision. Since the corrections to be performed are essentially the same as those described in the embodiment, they will not be described here.

[0195] If a person has Figure 12CIn the case of a person with dichromatic color blindness, such as the dichromatic color blindness shown in FIG. , the amount of reaction of the M cone cells to the luminescence of the type β unit 102 is less than that of a person with normal color vision. However, the increase in the luminescence intensity of the type β unit 102 causes an overreaction of the L cone cells. Therefore, the amount of reaction is corrected by correcting the luminescence of the type ε unit 105. Since the luminescence of the type ε unit 105 causes an overreaction of the S cone cells, correction is also performed to offset the overreaction by reducing the brightness (or luminescence intensity) of the type γ unit 103. If a person has dichromatic color blindness, the amount of reaction of the M cone cells to the luminescence of the type δ unit 104 is more excessive than that of a person with normal color vision. Since the correction to be performed is essentially the same as that described in the third embodiment, it will not be described here.

[0196] Based on the multiple image correction results performed as described above, the user's color vision information is estimated, and the gain adjustment amount for each pixel is determined. In this example, the type of color vision test (including the availability of such a test function) is not particularly limited. The test method is not particularly limited to the test method using a pseudo-metameric chart and can also be a hue permutation test. Furthermore, the gain adjustment method for each pixel is not limited to the gain adjustment method described above.

[0197] Example

[0198] In this example, the configuration of the display device 1 will be described, in which Figure 3A As shown, a color filter array 137 of three colors is arranged on the light emitting layer 134 that emits white light by electroluminescence of an organic material. Figure 3A Unlike the element 111 shown, the element 111 of this example does not include a wavelength adjuster 139 that is not a color filter. In the element 111 of this example, the spectral transmittance of the color filter is adjusted to achieve the spectral characteristics described below. The size (pixel size) of the element (pixel) used as the display unit is 1 μm to 10 μm, typically about 5 μm to 10 μm, and the area of one pixel is 1 μm. 2 to 100μm 2 , typically 25μm 2 to 100μm 2 In this example, the pixel size is 7 μm and the pixel area is approximately 50 μm 2 .like Figure 9D As shown, pixels of three colors (red, green, and blue) classified according to the color of the color filter are arranged in a triangle. The diagonal size of the display area is generally 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm), and in this example is 0.5 inches (12.7 mm).

[0199] Figure 13BAn example of the spectral radiance characteristics of the display device 1 is shown. Figure 13B The spectral radiance characteristics in are shown as absolute luminances that are not normalized, and the spectral radiance achieved when the display device 1 displays at the highest level is shown as absolute luminances that are not normalized. That is, Figure 13B The spectral radiance in is the highest spectral radiance of each display unit at each wavelength. In the display device 1 of this example, when all display units are displayed at the highest integrated radiance and integrated photometric brightness, about 500 cd / m 2 Up to 1000cd / m 2 For example, when the specifications of power consumption and product life are changed by changing the design of the display device 1, even 1000 cd / m 2 Up to 5000cd / m 2 Integral metering brightness.

[0200] The element 111 having a red filter is a Figure 13B The spectral characteristics LR shown are of type α unit 101. Since the unit 101 is almost negligibly weak at a wavelength of 550 nm or less, Figure 13B The spectral characteristics LR at wavelengths of 550 nm or less are not shown. As with the unit 101 described in the third embodiment, the unit 101 exhibits a maximum brightness PL at a wavelength λL in the range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than 700 nm. In addition, as is the case with the third embodiment, the unit 101 exhibits a maximum brightness PR at a wavelength λR in the range of greater than or equal to 600 nm and less than 650 nm. Therefore, the unit 101 exhibits maximum brightness PR and PL at wavelengths λR and λL in the range of greater than or equal to 600 nm and less than 700 nm. The maximum brightness PL is higher than the maximum brightness PR and is the highest spectral radiation brightness of visible light exhibited by the unit 101. Therefore, the peak wavelength of the unit 101 is the wavelength λL, and the peak brightness of the unit 101 is the maximum brightness PL. In this example, the wavelength λL is 660 nm, and the wavelength λR is 610 nm. As can be seen from Figure 13B It can be understood that the maximum brightness PL and the maximum brightness PR are greater than or equal to 0.01W / sr / m 2 / nm. Therefore, by referring to Figure 13A It can be understood that the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness. 2 In addition, the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are greater than or equal to 1 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance. 2 Although the maximum luminance PL is less than 5cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness 2, but the maximum luminance PR is greater than or equal to 5cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance 2 The maximum luminance PL in this example is 0.021W / sr / m 2 / nm, which can be converted to 1cd / m through formula (5) 2 The maximum luminance PR in this example is 0.018W / sr / m 2 / nm, which can be converted to 6.9cd / m 2 The sum of the spectral photometric brightness at wavelength λR and the spectral photometric brightness at wavelength λL is 7.9 cd / m 2 , and the integrated photometric brightness of the unit 101 including the brightness at other wavelengths is greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2 Comparison between the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR shows that the maximum luminance PL is higher than the maximum luminance PR in terms of spectral photometric luminance, while the maximum luminance PR is higher than the maximum luminance PL in terms of spectral radiance. That is, the peak wavelength of unit 101 is wavelength λL, the dominant wavelength of unit 101 is wavelength λR, and the peak wavelength of unit 101 (wavelength λL) is longer than the dominant wavelength of unit 101 (wavelength λR). This means that people with normal color vision can perceive unit 101 as a normal red color without much discomfort, and people with color blindness can perceive unit 101 as a red color that can be more clearly distinguished from green.

[0201] The element 112 having a green filter is a Figure 13B The type β unit 102 of the spectral characteristic GY shown. The unit 102 exhibits a maximum brightness PG at a wavelength λG greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than 550 nm. The element 112 also exhibits a maximum brightness PY at a wavelength λY greater than or equal to 550 nm and less than 600 nm. Therefore, the element 112 exhibits maximum brightness PG and PY at wavelengths λG and λY greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than 600 nm. The maximum brightness PG is higher than the maximum brightness PY and is the highest spectral radiation brightness of visible light exhibited by the unit 102. Therefore, the peak wavelength of the unit 102 is the wavelength λG, and the peak brightness of the unit 102 is the maximum brightness PG. In this example, the wavelength λG is 525 nm, and the wavelength λY is 565 nm. As can be seen from Figure 13B It is understood that the maximum brightness PG and the maximum brightness PY are greater than or equal to 0.01W / sr / m 2 / nm. Therefore, by referring to Figure 13A It can be understood that the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness. 2 In addition, the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are greater than or equal to 1 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric luminance.2 , and even greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 The maximum brightness PG in this example is 0.03W / sr / m 2 / nm, which can be converted to 16cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PY in this example is 0.01W / sr / m 2 / nm, which can be converted to 6.8cd / m 2 The sum of the spectral photometric brightness at wavelength λG and the spectral photometric brightness at wavelength λY is 22.8cd / m 2 , and the integrated photometric brightness of the unit 102 including the brightness at other wavelengths is greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2 and can be greater than or equal to 35cd / m 2 .

[0202] The element 113 having a blue filter is a Figure 13B The spectral characteristic B shown is of type γ unit 103. Since the light of unit 103 at a wavelength of 550 nm or more is almost negligibly weak, Figure 13B The spectral characteristic B at a wavelength of 550 nm or greater is not shown in FIG. The unit 103 exhibits a maximum brightness PB at a wavelength λB greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 500 nm. The wavelength λB is preferably greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 480 nm. Since the unit 102 does not exhibit a maximum brightness at wavelengths other than the wavelength λB, the peak wavelength of the unit 103 is the wavelength λB, and the peak brightness of the unit 103 is the maximum brightness PB. In this example, the wavelength λB is 455 nm. As shown from FIG. Figure 13B It can be understood that the maximum brightness PB is greater than or equal to 0.01W / sr / m 2 / nm. Therefore, by referring to Figure 13A It can be understood that the maximum brightness B is greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness. 2 Since the maximum brightness PB is greater than or equal to 0.02W / sr / m 2 / nm, so the maximum brightness PB is greater than or equal to 1cd / m in terms of spectral photometric brightness 2 But less than 5cd / m 2 The maximum brightness PG in this example is 0.035W / sr / m 2 / nm, which can be converted to 1.7cd / m 2 The sum of the spectral photometric brightness at wavelength λG and the spectral photometric brightness at wavelength λY is 22.8cd / m 2, and the integrated photometric brightness of the unit 101 including the brightness at other wavelengths is greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2 and can be greater than or equal to 35cd / m 2 .

[0203] As from Figure 13BIt can be understood that the relationship among the maximum luminances PL, PR, PY, PG, and PB in terms of spectral radiance luminance is expressed as PY < PR < PL < PG < PB. Therefore, the maximum luminance PL representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit α at wavelength λL is preferably higher than the maximum luminance PR representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit α at wavelength λR (PR < PL). The maximum luminance PL representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit α at wavelength λL is preferably higher than the maximum luminance PY representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit β at wavelength λY (PY < PL). In this example, the maximum luminance PL representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit α at wavelength λL is lower than the maximum luminance PG representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit β at wavelength λG (PL < PG), but the maximum luminance PL is also preferably higher than the maximum luminance PG (PG < PL). In this example, the maximum luminance PL representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit α at wavelength λL is lower than the maximum luminance PB representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit γ at wavelength λB (PL < PB), but the maximum luminance PL is also preferably higher than the maximum luminance PB (PB < PL). The maximum luminance PL representing the spectral radiance luminance can be the highest value among the spectral radiance luminances presented by the three units 101, 102, and 103 at the corresponding peak wavelengths. That is, the relationship can be PG < PB < PL or PB < PG < PL. Making the maximum luminance PL as high as possible in terms of spectral radiance luminance is beneficial for enabling color - blind people to more easily distinguish red. The maximum luminance PB representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit γ at wavelength λB is also preferably higher than the maximum luminance PG representing the highest spectral radiance luminance of unit β at wavelength λG (PG < PB). This is because the luminous efficiency of blue light is lower than that of green light. That is, by increasing the spectral radiance luminance of blue light, the spectral photometric luminance of blue light can be increased and the desired color can be provided. In this example, as can be understood from the above - mentioned spectral photometric luminance, the relationship among the maximum luminances PL, PR, PY, PG, and PB in terms of spectral photometric luminance is PL < PB < PY < PR < PG. The maximum luminance PL representing the spectral photometric luminance can be the lowest value among the spectral photometric luminances presented by the three units 101, 102, and 103 at the corresponding peak wavelengths. That is, the relationship can be PL < PB < PG or PL < PG < PB. Making the maximum luminance PL as low as possible in terms of spectral photometric luminance is beneficial for reducing the sense of incongruity of the colors of the image. However, as mentioned above, the maximum luminance PL for sufficiently stimulating the L - cone cells is greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 1 cd / m 2 , and more preferably greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2 .

[0204] In this example, if the light-emitting layer 134 emitting white light is shared between units of different colors, and the color filter array 137 separates the white light into its respective colors, the green-emitting unit 102 can exhibit maximum brightness near the wavelength λR, where the red-emitting unit 102 exhibits maximum brightness PR. Similarly, the green-emitting unit 102 can exhibit maximum brightness near the wavelength λB, where the blue-emitting unit 103 exhibits maximum brightness PB. If the units 102 exhibit high maximum brightness outside the wavelength range of 500 nm to 600 nm as described above, green may not be distinguishable. Therefore, the brightness exhibited by unit 102 at a wavelength λR greater than or equal to 600 nm is preferably lower than the brightness exhibited by unit 101 near wavelength λR. Similarly, the brightness exhibited by unit 102 at a wavelength λB less than 500 nm is preferably lower than the maximum brightness exhibited by unit 103 at wavelength λB. Since the luminous efficiency is the same when comparing the maximum brightness at the same wavelength, the relationship between the spectral photometric brightness and the relationship between the spectral radiance is not reversed. Therefore, the above comparison applies to both the spectral photometric brightness and the spectral radiance. Similarly, the brightness exhibited by units 101 and 103 at wavelengths λG and λY is preferably lower than the maximum brightness exhibited by unit 102 at λG and λY. The brightness exhibited by units 101 and 102 at wavelength λB is also preferably lower than the maximum brightness exhibited by unit 103 at wavelength λB.

[0205] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible. For example, an example in which a part of the configuration of any embodiment is added to another embodiment or an example in which a part of the configuration of any embodiment is replaced with a part of the configuration of another embodiment is also an embodiment of the present invention.

[0206] The above-described embodiments may be appropriately changed without departing from the scope of the technical concept. The disclosure of this specification includes not only the contents described in this specification, but also all the contents that can be understood from this specification and the drawings attached to this specification. The disclosure of this specification includes supplements to the concepts described in this specification. That is, for example, if "A is greater than B" is described in this specification, it can be said that "A is not greater than B" is disclosed without stating "A is not greater than B". This is because "A is greater than B" is described under the assumption that "A is not greater than B" is taken into account.

[0207] The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following claims are attached to disclose the scope of the present invention.

[0208] This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-216772, filed on November 29, 2019, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-161443, filed on September 25, 2020, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

Claims

1. A display device configured to display in a plurality of display units by using a light source, wherein The plurality of display units include a first type of unit and a second type of unit; The peak wavelength of the first type of unit is a first wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm; the plurality of display units do not include a display unit having a peak wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 550 nm and less than 650 nm; The peak wavelength of the second type unit is a second wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 450 nm; as well as The first type unit and the second type unit exhibit a value greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 brightness.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The luminance presented by the first type of unit is greater than or equal to 5 cd / m 2 .

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The luminance presented by the first type of unit is greater than or equal to 35 cd / m 2 .

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The spectral radiance at the first wavelength is greater than or equal to 0.04 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm], wherein λL [nm] is the first wavelength, and V(λL) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency of photopic vision at the first wavelength.

5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of display units include a sixth type of unit, and The peak wavelength of the sixth type unit is a sixth wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 520 nm and less than 550 nm. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein: The second wavelength is a peak wavelength of the second type of units.

7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The first-type unit exhibits maximum brightness at a third wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 550 nm and less than 650 nm.

8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein: The spectral radiance of the first type unit at the third wavelength is lower than the spectral radiance of the first type unit at the first wavelength.

9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The half width of the spectral radiance of the first type unit at the first wavelength is greater than or equal to 50 nm.

10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of display units include displaying a value greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 at least one third type of unit of brightness; as well as The third type unit exhibits maximum brightness at a third wavelength within a range greater than or equal to 550 nm and less than 650 nm.

11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein: The first type unit changes brightness within one second before or after the brightness of the third type unit changes.

12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of display units include displaying a value greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 at least one fourth type unit of brightness; as well as The fourth type unit exhibits maximum brightness at a fourth wavelength within a range greater than or equal to 480 nm and less than 520 nm.

13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein: The fourth wavelength is a peak wavelength of the fourth type of units.

14. The display device according to claim 12, wherein: The brightness of the fourth type unit is greater than or equal to 5cd / m 2 .

15. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of display units include displaying a value greater than or equal to 0.04 cd / m 2 at least one fifth type unit of brightness; as well as The fifth type unit exhibits maximum brightness at a fifth wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 480 nm.

16. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The peak wavelength and the dominant wavelength of the first type units are different from each other.

17. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The display device receives a signal including data corresponding to an R value, a G value, and a B value in an RGB color space, and the first-type unit exhibits brightness corresponding to the R value.

18. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The first type unit includes a portion that emits light by electroluminescence.

19. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The first type unit of the plurality of display units includes a first color filter, and the second type unit of the plurality of display units includes a second color filter having a different transmission characteristic than the first color filter.

20. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The first type unit includes a portion that emits light by photoluminescence.

21. A display device configured to display in a plurality of display units by using an electroluminescent light source, wherein The plurality of display units include a first type of unit and a second type of unit; The first type unit exhibits maximum brightness at a first wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm; the plurality of display units do not include a display unit having a peak wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 550 nm and less than 650 nm; The second type unit exhibits maximum brightness at a second wavelength within a range greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 450 nm; as well as The maximum spectral radiance of the first type of unit at the first wavelength is higher than the maximum spectral radiance of the second type of unit at the second wavelength.

22. The display device according to claim 21, wherein The first wavelength is a peak wavelength of the first type of units.

23. The display device according to claim 22, wherein: The half width of the spectral radiance of the first type unit at the first wavelength is less than 50 nm.

24. A display device configured to display in a plurality of display units by using a light source, wherein The plurality of display units include first type units and second type units having different structures; The first type unit exhibits maximum brightness at a first wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 650 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm; the plurality of display units do not include a display unit having a peak wavelength within a range of greater than or equal to 550 nm and less than 650 nm; The second type unit exhibits maximum brightness at a second wavelength within a range greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 450 nm; The first type of unit exhibits a wavelength greater than or equal to 1 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm], wherein λL [nm] is the first wavelength, and V(λL) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency of photopic vision at the first wavelength; and The second type unit exhibits a wavelength greater than or equal to 5 / (683*V(λS))[W / sr / m 2 / nm], where λS [nm] is the second wavelength and V(λS) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency of photopic vision at the second wavelength.

25. A device comprising: The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 24; as well as A signal generating device is configured to generate a signal to be received by the display device.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein: The device is a wearable device.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein: The device is any one of an electronic bulletin board, a traffic light machine, and a vehicle-mounted indicator.

28. A device comprising: The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 24; as well as The camera device is configured to capture an image to be displayed by the display device.

Images