Device for alleviating containment overpressure risk and containment

Abstract

The present invention provides a device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in a containment shell and a containment shell. The device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in a containment shell is applied to a containment shell. The device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in a containment shell is provided with a closed accommodating chamber for accommodating an energy storage medium, and the energy storage medium is used to absorb the heat in the containment shell and convert it into latent heat; the device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in a containment shell is provided with a heat dissipation pipe, and the heat dissipation pipe is partially located in the accommodating chamber, and both ends of the heat dissipation pipe are located outside the containment shell, and the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe have a height difference in the vertical direction, so that air can circulate naturally in the heat dissipation pipe. The embodiment of the present invention solves the problem that the heat extraction rate in the containment shell is slow, causing the containment shell to be under a high peak pressure for a long time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to a device for alleviating the risk of containment overpressure and a containment. Background Art

[0002] The containment is the third barrier of a nuclear power plant. After an accident at a nuclear power plant, it can be used to control and limit the spread of radioactive materials from the reactor to protect the public from harm by radioactive materials. After an accident at a nuclear power plant, the temperature and pressure inside the containment will rise rapidly. Therefore, in order to prevent the containment from overpressure and ensure the integrity of the containment, the containment needs to be cooled.

[0003] At present, the containment is usually cooled by heat exchangers or by physical methods such as spraying or air cooling. However, the heat transfer rate of the above methods is slow. Although it can prevent the pressure of the containment from continuing to rise, the pressure in the containment will remain at a high peak for a long time due to the untimely heat removal, which puts higher requirements on the design pressure of the containment.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology has the problem that the heat extraction rate in the containment is slow, causing the containment to be under a high peak pressure for a long time. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in a containment shell and a containment shell, so as to solve the problem that the heat extraction rate in the containment shell is slow, causing the containment shell to be under a high peak pressure for a long time.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a device for alleviating overpressure risk of a containment shell, which is applied to a containment shell. The device for alleviating overpressure risk of a containment shell is provided with a closed accommodating chamber for accommodating an energy storage medium, and the energy storage medium is used to absorb heat in the containment shell and convert it into latent heat;

[0007] The device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is provided with a heat dissipation pipe, wherein the heat dissipation pipe is partially located in the accommodating cavity, both ends of the heat dissipation pipe are located outside the containment vessel, and the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe have a height difference in the vertical direction so that air can circulate naturally in the heat dissipation pipe.

[0008] Optionally, there are multiple heat dissipation pipes.

[0009] Optionally, a portion of the heat dissipation pipe located in the accommodating cavity is provided with a bending structure.

[0010] Optionally, the energy storage medium is a porous medium.

[0011] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a containment shell, comprising a containment shell body and the above-mentioned device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell; the device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is located in the containment shell body.

[0012] Optionally, the device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is connected to the inner wall of the containment vessel body.

[0013] Optionally, the device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is a rectangular shell, and the rectangular shell is closely connected to the inner wall of the containment vessel body.

[0014] Optionally, the device for alleviating the risk of containment overpressure is located at the upper part of the containment body.

[0015] Optionally, there are multiple devices for alleviating the risk of containment overpressure.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage medium is used to convert the heat absorbed in the containment into latent heat; the closed accommodating chamber is used to accommodate the energy storage medium and store the latent heat released by the energy storage medium; the heat dissipation pipe is used to export the heat in the accommodating chamber to the atmosphere outside the containment through air circulation. When the containment is in a normal working state, the pressure and heat in the containment are relatively low and relatively stable, and the energy storage medium will not undergo phase change at this time. After an accident occurs, the pressure and heat in the containment increase sharply, and the energy storage medium will quickly absorb the heat in the containment and undergo phase change. According to the phase change principle, the heat in the containment absorbed by the energy storage medium during the phase change process will be converted into latent heat and released, and the released latent heat will be stored in the closed accommodating chamber. Through the energy storage medium, the heat in the containment is quickly absorbed and converted into latent heat and stored in the device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment, ensuring the integrity of the containment and reducing the peak pressure of the containment. Both ends of the heat dissipation pipe are located outside the containment and are connected to the external air. Since the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe have a height difference in the vertical direction, after the energy storage medium releases latent heat, when the air passes through the portion of the heat dissipation pipe located in the accommodating cavity, the air in the heat dissipation pipe is heated and flows upward, that is, the air at the bottom port of the heat dissipation pipe located outside the containment vessel enters the heat dissipation pipe, flows upward after absorbing heat, and is discharged from the upper port of the heat dissipation pipe outside the containment vessel. The heat stored in the accommodating cavity can be gradually discharged into the air through the continuous circulation of air in the heat dissipation pipe.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present invention, on the one hand, the device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment can quickly absorb the heat in the containment when the pressure and heat of the containment increase rapidly, so that the peak pressure of the containment can be quickly reduced to a lower level, thereby ensuring the integrity of the containment and reducing the design pressure of the containment. On the other hand, since the device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment is located inside the containment body, it is only connected to the atmosphere outside the containment body through the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe through the containment body. Since the cross-section of the heat dissipation pipe is small, the degree of damage to the integrity of the containment is reduced, thereby further improving the safety of the containment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the containment shell provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device 20 for alleviating overpressure risk of a containment shell, which is applied to a containment shell. The device 20 for alleviating overpressure risk of a containment shell is provided with a closed accommodating chamber 201 for accommodating an energy storage medium, and the energy storage medium is used to absorb heat in the containment shell and convert it into latent heat;

[0023] The device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is provided with a heat dissipation pipe 202, wherein the heat dissipation pipe 202 is partially located in the accommodating cavity 201, both ends of the heat dissipation pipe 202 are located outside the containment vessel, and the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe 202 have a height difference in the vertical direction so that air can circulate naturally in the heat dissipation pipe 202.

[0024] It should be understood that the shape and size of the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell are not limited herein. For example, in one embodiment, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is a rectangular parallelepiped shell. In another embodiment, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is a spherical shell. In yet another embodiment, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is a cylindrical shell. The size of the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell can be adjusted according to the volume of the energy storage medium located in the accommodating cavity 201 and the internal structure of the containment shell.

[0025] It should be understood that both ends of the heat dissipation pipe 202 are located outside the containment shell and are connected to the atmosphere outside the containment shell to allow air to enter the heat dissipation pipe 202. The length of the parts of the heat dissipation pipe 202 located outside the containment shell at both ends is not limited here.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage medium is used to convert the heat absorbed in the containment into latent heat; the closed accommodating chamber 201 is used to accommodate the energy storage medium and store the latent heat released by the energy storage medium; the heat dissipation pipe 202 is used to export the heat in the accommodating chamber 201 to the atmosphere outside the containment through air circulation. When the containment is in a normal working state, the pressure and heat in the containment are relatively low and relatively stable, and the energy storage medium will not undergo phase change at this time. After an accident occurs, the pressure and heat in the containment increase sharply, and the energy storage medium will quickly absorb the heat in the containment and undergo phase change. According to the phase change principle, the heat in the containment absorbed by the energy storage medium during the phase change process will be converted into latent heat and released, and the released latent heat will be stored in the closed accommodating chamber 201. Through the energy storage medium, the heat in the containment is quickly absorbed and converted into latent heat and stored in the device 20 for mitigating the risk of overpressure in the containment, ensuring the integrity of the containment and reducing the peak pressure of the containment. Both ends of the heat dissipation pipe 202 are located outside the containment shell and are connected to the outside air. Since the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe 202 have a height difference in the vertical direction, after the energy storage medium releases latent heat, when the air passes through the portion of the heat dissipation pipe 202 located in the accommodating chamber 201, the air in the heat dissipation pipe 202 is heated and flows upward, that is, the air at the bottom port of the heat dissipation pipe 202 located outside the containment shell enters the heat dissipation pipe 202, flows upward after absorbing heat, and is discharged from the upper port of the heat dissipation pipe 202 outside the containment shell. The heat stored in the accommodating chamber 201 can be gradually discharged into the air through the continuous circulation of air in the heat dissipation pipe 202.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment can quickly absorb the heat in the containment when the pressure and heat of the containment increase rapidly, so that the peak pressure of the containment can be quickly reduced to a lower level, thereby ensuring the integrity of the containment and reducing the design pressure of the containment.

[0028] Optionally, there are multiple heat dissipation pipes 202 .

[0029] It should be understood that there are multiple heat dissipation pipes 202 , and the lengths and cross-sectional diameters of the multiple heat dissipation pipes 202 may be different.

[0030] In this embodiment, there are multiple heat dissipation pipes 202. Air circulates naturally in any heat dissipation pipe 202, so when air passes through the portion of the heat dissipation pipe 202 located in the accommodating chamber 201, it can absorb the heat in the accommodating chamber 201 and discharge it to the atmosphere. By providing multiple heat dissipation pipes 202, at the same time, the air in multiple heat dissipation pipes 202 can simultaneously absorb and discharge the heat in the accommodating chamber 201, thereby further improving the efficiency of the heat dissipation pipe 202 in discharging the heat in the accommodating chamber 201.

[0031] Optionally, a portion of the heat dissipation pipe 202 located in the accommodating cavity 201 is provided with a bending structure.

[0032] It should be understood that the shape of the bending structure is not limited herein. For example, in one embodiment, the bending structure is a U-shaped structure. In another embodiment, the bending structure is a Z-shaped structure. In yet another embodiment, the bending structure is a spiral structure.

[0033] In this embodiment, a bending structure is provided at the portion of the heat dissipation pipe 202 located in the accommodating chamber 201. By providing the bending structure, the length of the portion of the heat dissipation pipe 202 located in the accommodating chamber 201 is increased, and the area for absorbing the air in the accommodating chamber 201 is correspondingly increased, so that the amount of heat that can be absorbed when the air circulates once in the heat dissipation pipe 202 is increased, thereby further improving the efficiency of the heat dissipation pipe 202 in extracting the heat in the accommodating chamber 201.

[0034] Optionally, the energy storage medium is a porous medium.

[0035] It should be understood that the energy storage medium may be a material with a relatively high thermal conductivity.

[0036] In this embodiment, since the energy storage medium is a porous medium or a material with a high thermal conductivity, when the heat in the containment increases, the energy storage medium can absorb the heat in the containment more quickly and convert it into latent heat, thereby increasing the rate of absorbing heat in the containment, thereby reducing the peak pressure in the containment to a lower level more quickly.

[0037] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a containment vessel, comprising a containment vessel body 10 and a device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel; the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is located in the containment vessel body 10 .

[0038] In this embodiment, the containment shell includes the above-mentioned device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell. The device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell in the above-mentioned embodiment. The specific structure can refer to the description in the above-mentioned embodiment and will not be repeated here. Since the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell in the above-mentioned embodiment is adopted in this embodiment, the containment shell provided in this embodiment has all the beneficial effects of the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell in the above-mentioned embodiment. At the same time, since the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is located inside the containment shell body 10, it is only connected to the atmosphere outside the containment shell body 10 through the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe 202. Since the cross-section of the heat dissipation pipe 202 is small, the degree of damage to the integrity of the containment shell is reduced, thereby further improving the safety of the containment shell.

[0039] Optionally, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of containment overpressure is connected to the inner wall of the containment body 10 .

[0040] It should be understood that the connection method between the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell and the inner side wall of the containment shell body 10 is not limited herein. For example, in one embodiment, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is bonded and fixed to the inner side wall of the containment shell body 10. In another embodiment, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is welded and fixed to the inner side wall of the containment shell body 10.

[0041] In this embodiment, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell is connected to the inner side wall of the containment shell body 10. On the one hand, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell can be fixed to prevent the shaking of the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell from affecting the containment shell body 10. On the other hand, connecting the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell to the inner side wall of the containment shell body 10 can also save space. The device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment shell can be flexibly selected to be connected to any position of the inner side wall of the containment shell body 10 according to the positions of other devices in the containment shell body 10.

[0042] Optionally, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is a rectangular parallelepiped shell, and the rectangular parallelepiped shell is closely connected to the inner wall of the containment vessel body 10 .

[0043] In this embodiment, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is a rectangular shell, which is fitted and connected to the inner wall of the containment vessel body 10, thereby improving the connection stability between the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel and the containment vessel body 10.

[0044] Optionally, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of containment overpressure is located on the upper part of the containment body 10 .

[0045] It should be understood that the containment shell is usually placed flat on the ground in actual use. In actual use of the containment shell, the end away from the ground is the upper part of the containment shell body 10 .

[0046] In this embodiment, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment is located at the upper part of the containment body 10. When the heat in the containment body 10 increases, the heat flow tends to gather upwards due to the low density of the heat flow. Therefore, the device 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment is located at the upper part of the containment body 10, which can better absorb the heat in the containment body 10 and further improve the rate of heat extraction in the containment body 10.

[0047] Optionally, there are multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of containment overpressure.

[0048] It should be understood that the multiple devices 20 for mitigating the risk of overpressure in the containment can be of different shapes. For example, in one embodiment, the multiple devices 20 for mitigating the risk of overpressure in the containment are all rectangular parallelepiped shells. In another embodiment, some of the devices 20 for mitigating the risk of overpressure in the containment are spherical shells, and some of the devices 20 for mitigating the risk of overpressure in the containment are rectangular parallelepiped shells.

[0049] It should be understood that the multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment are located at different positions in the containment body 10. For example, in one embodiment, the multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment are connected to the inner side wall of the containment body 10 and are evenly spaced along the circumference of the containment body 10. In another embodiment, the multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment are connected to the inner side wall of the containment body 10 and are spaced along the axial direction of the containment body 10. Since the multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment are located at different positions in the containment body 10, the multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment can absorb heat from different positions in the containment body 10 at the same time, thereby increasing the rate of absorbing heat in the containment body 10.

[0050] In this embodiment, there are multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment. Multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment are arranged at different positions in the containment body 10. When the heat in the containment body 10 increases, the energy storage medium in the multiple devices 20 for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment can absorb the heat in the containment body 10, thereby increasing the rate of absorbing the heat in the containment body 10, thereby reducing the peak pressure in the containment body 10 to a lower level more quickly.

[0051] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for alleviating overpressure risk of a containment vessel, applied to a containment vessel, characterized in that: The device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment is provided with a closed accommodating chamber for accommodating an energy storage medium, and the energy storage medium is used to absorb the heat in the containment and convert it into latent heat; The device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is provided with a heat dissipation pipe, wherein a portion of the heat dissipation pipe is located in the accommodating cavity, both ends of the heat dissipation pipe are located outside the containment vessel, and the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe have a height difference in the vertical direction, so that air can circulate naturally in the heat dissipation pipe; The number of the heat dissipation pipes is multiple; The portion of the heat dissipation pipe located in the accommodating cavity is provided with a bending structure.

2. The device for alleviating containment overpressure risk according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage medium is a porous medium.

3. A containment vessel, characterized in that: It comprises a containment body and a device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment as described in any one of claims 1 to 2; the device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment is located in the containment body.

4. The containment vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is connected to the inner side wall of the containment vessel body.

5. The containment vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is a rectangular parallelepiped shell, and the rectangular parallelepiped shell is closely connected to the inner side wall of the containment vessel body.

6. The containment vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device for alleviating the risk of overpressure in the containment vessel is located at the upper part of the containment vessel body.

7. The containment vessel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the devices for alleviating the risk of containment overpressure is multiple.

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