A device for sampling and testing geotechnical samples

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical testing, and particularly relates to a geotechnical sample sampling and testing device. It includes a support structure, a transmission structure, and a sampling structure; the transmission structure includes a driving member, a first gear, a rotating shaft, a second gear, and a transmission sleeve; the sampling structure includes a cylinder body, a rotating disk, a mounting disk, a contraction device, and an adjustment device; the adjustment device is configured such that when the rotating disk moves downward to reach a preset first height value, the rotating shaft rotates forward to drive the cylinder body and the contraction device to rotate synchronously; when the rotating disk moves downward to reach a preset second height value, the rotating shaft continues to rotate forward to drive the cylinder body and the contraction device to move downward synchronously; and then when the rotating shaft rotates reversely, it drives the rotating disk and the mounting disk to move upward relative to the cylinder body, and a negative pressure state is formed inside the cylinder body, and at the same time, the contraction device is unlocked and moves inward to contract and complete the sampling and testing. The present invention improves the sampling stability and pressure retention, improves the reliability and practicality of geotechnical sampling and testing, and improves the working efficiency of geotechnical sampling and testing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil detection, and in particular to a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device. Background Art

[0002] Geotechnical engineering testing is to observe and measure the engineering properties of rock and soil bodies to obtain various physical and mechanical indicators of rock and soil bodies. It is of great significance to carry out geotechnical engineering testing technology, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: geotechnical engineering testing technology is not only very important in geotechnical engineering construction practice, but also plays a decisive role in the formation and development of geotechnical engineering theory. Geotechnical engineering testing technology is the guarantee of information construction of large-scale geotechnical engineering projects, and on-site testing has become an important and inseparable part of geotechnical engineering construction. However, the existing geotechnical engineering sampling and testing equipment has a simple structure, a single function, and is inconvenient to use, which seriously affects the work efficiency of geotechnical sampling and testing. For this reason, we need a rock and soil sample sampling and testing device. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device to solve the technical problems that the existing rock and soil sampling and detection equipment in the prior art lacks stability, the rock and soil are not formed when drilling into the rock and soil layer for sampling, and are easy to spill and cause sampling failure, and too few samples are taken during rock and soil sampling and detection, and the pressure is insufficient, which seriously affects the efficiency of rock and soil sampling and detection.

[0004] A rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A rock and soil sample sampling and detection device comprises a supporting structure, a transmission structure and a sampling structure;

[0006] The support structure comprises a support plate and support legs; the support plate is arranged horizontally; the support legs are arranged obliquely at the lower end of the support plate;

[0007] The transmission structure includes a driving member, a first gear, a rotating shaft, a second gear and a transmission sleeve; the driving member is arranged on the support plate; the first gear is arranged at the output end of the driving member, and the two keep rotating synchronously; the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged at the center of the supporting plate and extends downward; the second gear and the transmission sleeve are an integrally formed structure, and both can be rotatably sleeved and installed on the rotating shaft, and the second gear meshes with the first gear for transmission, driving the rotating shaft to move up and down;

[0008] The sampling structure comprises a cylinder, a rotating disk, a mounting disk, a contraction device and an adjustment device; the cylinder is sleeved with the rotating shaft so as to be relatively rotatable; and the inner side wall is provided with a first boss and a second boss distributed up and down, the width of the second boss is greater than the width of the first boss, and a through hole is also provided at the lower end of the cylinder; the rotating disk is located in the cylinder and sleeved and mounted on the rotating shaft; the mounting disk is arranged at the bottom end of the rotating shaft and the two can rotate relatively, and a fixing hole identical to the through hole is provided at the bottom end; the contraction device is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder to keep the two rotating synchronously, and is configured to realize self-contraction when a preset negative pressure value is reached in the cylinder and unlocking is completed;

[0009] The adjusting device is configured such that when the rotating disk moves downward to a preset first height value, the rotating shaft rotates forward to drive the cylinder and the contraction device to rotate synchronously; when the rotating disk moves downward to a preset second height value, the rotating shaft continues to rotate forward to drive the cylinder and the contraction device to move downward synchronously; then, when the rotating shaft reverses, it drives the rotating disk and the mounting disk to move upward relative to the cylinder, and forms a negative pressure state inside the cylinder, while causing the contraction device to unlock, move inward and contract, and complete sampling and detection.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution: the adjusting device includes an upper ratchet gear, a lower ratchet gear and a synchronous member; the upper ratchet gear is arranged on the rotating disk and a connecting member is provided between the two, so that the upper ratchet gear and the rotating disk rotate synchronously and can move up and down; the lower ratchet gear is fixedly arranged on the second boss, and when the lower ratchet and the upper ratchet are meshed and transmitted, the rotating shaft drives the cylinder to rotate synchronously; the synchronous member is arranged between the mounting disk and the cylinder, so that the mounting disk and the cylinder rotate synchronously and can move axially.

[0011] A further preferred technical solution: the connecting parts are multiple groups evenly distributed in a ring shape, and each group of the connecting parts includes a spring and a connecting column; a groove is provided at the lower end of the rotating disk, and the connecting column is matched and installed in the groove; the spring is arranged in the groove, and one end is connected to the groove and the other end is connected to the connecting column.

[0012] A further preferred technical solution: the synchronizer comprises a plurality of synchronizer rods evenly distributed in an annular shape, and the synchronizer rods are fixedly connected to the mounting plate; a guide hole penetrating the first boss and distributed up and down is provided in the cylinder; the guide hole is matched with the synchronizer rod and installed.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution: the contraction device includes a contraction plate and a driving rod; the contraction plate is an arc-shaped structure and there are multiple of them, and the multiple contraction plates are connected by the driving rod to form a cylindrical structure; a sleeve column is provided on one side wall of the contraction plate, and a hole adapted to the driving rod is provided in the sleeve column; two contraction plates arranged opposite to each other and connected by the driving rod are a group, and the contraction plates between two adjacent groups are engaged and contracted by a connecting structure.

[0014] A further preferred technical solution: the connecting structure includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part, and the first connecting part and the second connecting part are respectively arranged on one side of two adjacent groups and opposite contraction plates; the first connecting part includes a connecting plate, the connecting plate and the contraction plate are integrally formed, and the thickness of the connecting plate is one quarter of the thickness of the contraction plate; a fastening plate is also provided in the middle of the outer side wall of the connecting plate, the thickness of the fastening plate is one half of the thickness of the contraction plate, and a U-shaped groove is also provided between the fastening plate and the connecting plate; the second connecting part is provided on the other contraction plate, and is a structure that is compatible with and relatively movable to the first connecting part.

[0015] A further preferred technical solution is as follows: the sleeves are multiple and spaced apart from each other, and the sleeves between the two contraction plates in each group are staggered up and down and connected by a driving rod that is arranged through the sleeves; in the initial state, the upper end of the driving rod is located in the through hole of the cylinder so that the two can maintain synchronous movement; when the cylinder is under negative pressure, the driving rod moves from the through hole to the fixing hole so that the contraction device is unlocked and contracted inward to tighten; the through hole and the fixing hole are both T-shaped holes.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution: the transmission sleeve is arranged below the second gear and is threadedly driven with the rotating shaft, and the transmission sleeve is in contact with the support plate and the two can only rotate relative to each other and cannot move.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution: the driving element adopts a three-phase asynchronous motor.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution: the supporting legs are multiple and evenly distributed in a ring shape; and the inclined angle between the supporting legs and the supporting plate is 40-75 degrees.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the sampling and detection device drives the rotating shaft and the rotating disk downward through the forward rotation of the three-phase asynchronous motor, the rotating shaft and the transmission sleeve are shaped like a lead screw nut structure, the position of the transmission sleeve remains unchanged, and the rotating shaft moves up and down; when the rotating shaft and the rotating disk move downward to a preset first height value, the upper ratchet gear and the lower ratchet gear are meshed and transmitted, and at this time, a state is formed in which the rotating shaft drives the cylinder body and the retractable plate to rotate synchronously, but at this time, they do not move downward synchronously, and then drill into the rock and soil layer for sampling; when the rotating shaft drives the rotating disk to move downward to a preset second height value, that is, at this time, the lower end of the rotating disk contacts the first boss to form a block, the rotating shaft and the rotating disk no longer move downward, and the rotating shaft continues to rotate and move downward to drive the cylinder body and the retractable plate to move downward synchronously for rock and soil sampling;

[0020] At this time, the inner cavity of the contraction plate is filled with rock and soil samples; then, when the rotating shaft reverses and drives the rotating disk and the mounting disk to move upward relative to the cylinder, a negative pressure state will be formed in the cylinder, so that the rock and soil samples in the contraction plate are lifted upward for a distance, ensuring that the samples will not fall, and preventing the rock and soil samples at the outer end from falling easily when the subsequent contraction plate contracts and squeezes; at the same time, when the mounting disk moves up to the position where the through hole and the fixed hole are connected, the driving rod moves inward from the through hole to the fixed hole, thereby unlocking the contraction plate, and then a plurality of enclosed contraction plates will move inward and shrink, further squeezing and tightening the internal rock and soil samples, thereby successfully completing the sampling and testing; the device improves the stability and pressure retention of rock and soil sampling, further improves the reliability and practicability of rock and soil sampling and testing, and greatly improves the work efficiency of rock and soil sampling and testing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front section view in ;

[0024] Figure 3 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a sampling structure of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a partial structural stereogram of a sampling structure of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a diagram showing the initial state of a contraction device of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 A diagram showing the contraction state of a contraction device of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a cylinder of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 A three-dimensional diagram of a retractable plate with a first connecting portion of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 A three-dimensional diagram of a retractable plate with a second connecting portion of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.10 A downward drilling sampling state diagram of the overall structure of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.11 A state diagram of the negative pressure of the overall structure of the rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention driving the sampling sample to move upward;

[0033] Fig.12 A state diagram of a contraction device of the overall structure of a rock and soil sample sampling and detection device of the present invention being unlocked, moved inward and contracted;

[0034] Fig.13 for Fig.12 State diagram of the sampling sample continuing to move up.

[0035] In the figure: 1-support structure, 11-support plate, 12-support leg, 2-transmission structure, 21-driving member, 22-first gear, 23-rotating shaft, 24-second gear, 25-transmission sleeve, 3-sampling structure, 31-cylinder, 32-rotating disk, 33-mounting disk, 34-contraction device, 35-adjustment device, 36-first boss, 37-second boss, 38-through hole, 39-fixing hole, 41-upper ratchet gear, 42-lower ratchet gear, 43-synchronizing member, 431-synchronizing rod, 432-guide hole, 44-connecting member, 441-spring, 442-connecting column, 443-groove, 51-contraction plate, 52-driving rod, 53-sleeve column, 54-connecting structure, 55-first connecting part, 551-connecting plate, 552-fastening plate, 553-U-shaped groove, 56-second connecting part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected or set, or detachably connected or set, or integrally connected or set. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] Example 1: Figure 1-Figure 13 As shown:

[0039] A rock and soil sample sampling and detection device comprises a support structure 1, a transmission structure 2 and a sampling structure 3. The support structure 1 comprises a support plate 11 and support legs 12; the support plate 11 is arranged horizontally, and in this embodiment, a disc-shaped support plate is adopted, and the support legs 12 are arranged obliquely at the lower end of the support plate 11; such an arrangement improves the stability of the device during the rock and soil sampling and detection process.

[0040] The transmission structure 2 includes a driving member 21, a first gear 22, a rotating shaft 23, a second gear 24 and a transmission sleeve 25. The driving member 21 is arranged on the support plate 11, and the driving member 21 adopts a three-phase asynchronous motor; such an arrangement facilitates stable forward and reverse motion. The first gear 22 is arranged at the output end of the driving member 21, and the two keep synchronous rotation; the first gear 22 is installed on the output shaft of the motor, and the motor drives the first gear 22 to rotate synchronously. The rotating shaft 23 is rotatably arranged at the center of the support plate 11 and extends downward; the second gear 24 and the transmission sleeve 25 are an integrally formed structure, and both can be rotatably sleeved and installed on the rotating shaft 23.

[0041] The second gear 24 is meshed with the first gear 22 for transmission, and the forward and reverse motion of the motor drives the shaft 23 to move up and down; the transmission sleeve 25 is arranged below the second gear 24 and is threaded with the shaft 23, and the transmission sleeve 25 is in contact with the support plate 11 and the two can only rotate relative to each other and cannot move. The upper part of the shaft 23 is provided with an external thread, and the inner wall of the transmission sleeve 25 is provided with an internal thread, and a screw nut structure is formed between the two. The position of the transmission sleeve 25 remains unchanged, and the shaft 23 can move back and forth up and down under the forward and reverse rotation of the motor. In this embodiment, the lower end of the transmission sleeve 25 cooperates with the support plate 11 through a keyway to achieve only rotation and no relative movement.

[0042] The sampling structure 3 includes a barrel 31, a rotating disk 32, a mounting disk 33, a contraction device 34 and an adjustment device 35. The barrel 31 and the rotating shaft 23 are relatively rotatably sleeved, and the rotating shaft 23 can move axially relative to the barrel 31. The inner wall of the barrel 31 is provided with a first boss 36 and a second boss 37 of an annular structure distributed up and down, and the width of the second boss 37 is greater than that of the first boss 36. The lower end of the barrel 31 is also provided with a through hole 38; it is used to connect the drive rod and then drive the contraction device to move. The rotating disk 32 is located in the barrel 31 and is sleeved and installed on the rotating shaft 23, and the two keep synchronous movement.

[0043] The mounting plate 33 is disposed at the bottom end of the rotating shaft 23 and the two can rotate relative to each other. The mounting plate 33 is located below the rotating plate 32. The bottom end of the mounting plate 33 is also provided with a fixing hole 39 that is the same as the through hole 38; the fixing hole 39 is a structure adapted to the driving rod 52. In this embodiment, the through hole 38, the fixing hole 39 and the driving rod 52 are four groups that are matched and installed and distributed in an annular manner. The contraction device 34 is disposed at the lower end of the cylinder 31 to keep the two rotating synchronously and movable. The contraction device 34 is configured to realize self-contraction when the preset negative pressure value is reached in the cylinder 31 and the unlocking is completed; such a configuration ensures the integrity of the rock and soil sampling sample and prevents squeezing and spilling.

[0044] The adjusting device 35 is configured so that when the motor rotates forward and drives the rotating shaft 23 to move downward, and then drives the rotating disk 32 to move downward to a preset first height value, the rotating shaft 23 rotates forward and drives the cylinder 31 and the contraction device 34 to rotate synchronously; when the rotating disk 32 moves downward to a preset second height value, the rotating shaft 23 continues to rotate forward and drives the cylinder 31 and the contraction device 34 to move downward synchronously; and then the rotating shaft 23 reverses and drives the rotating disk 32 and the mounting disk 33 to move upward relative to the cylinder 31, and forms a negative pressure state inside the cylinder 31, and at the same time enables the contraction device 34 to unlock, move inward and contract, and complete the sampling and detection.

[0045] In this embodiment, the adjustment device 35 includes an upper ratchet gear 41, a lower ratchet gear 42 and a synchronous member 43. The upper ratchet gear 41 is arranged below the rotating disk 32 and a connecting member 44 is also arranged between the two, so that the upper ratchet gear 41 and the rotating disk 32 rotate synchronously and can move up and down. The lower ratchet gear 42 is fixedly arranged on the second boss 37, and when the lower ratchet is meshed with the upper ratchet, the rotating shaft 23 drives the cylinder 31 to rotate synchronously. The synchronous member 43 is arranged between the mounting disk 33 and the cylinder 31, so that the mounting disk 33 and the cylinder 31 rotate synchronously and can move axially. Such an arrangement improves the adaptive adjustment effect of the device, and synchronous movement is achieved by the cooperation of the upper and lower ratchet teeth to complete the sampling. Then, when the rotating disk moves upward, the upper and lower ratchet teeth are separated, so that negative pressure is formed in the cylinder to complete the suction of the sampled rock and soil in the inner cavity of the contraction plate.

[0046] In this embodiment, the connecting members 44 are multiple groups evenly distributed in an annular shape, and each group of connecting members 44 includes a spring 441 and a connecting column 442; a groove 443 is provided at the lower end of the rotating disk 32, and one end of the connecting column 442 is connected and fixed to the upper ratchet gear 41, and the other end is matched and installed in the groove 443. The spring 441 is set in the groove 443, and one end is connected to the groove 443, and the other end is connected to the connecting column 442. Such a configuration facilitates the safe and convenient separation of the upper ratchet gear 41 and the lower ratchet gear 42 when the motor reverses and drives the upper ratchet gear 41 to move upward. In this embodiment, it is preferred that the groove 443, the connecting column 442 and the spring 441 are eight groups matched and installed to ensure balance.

[0047] In this embodiment, the synchronization member 43 includes a plurality of synchronization rods 431 evenly distributed in an annular shape, and the synchronization rods 431 are vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the mounting plate 33. A guide hole 432 is provided in the cylinder 31, which penetrates the first boss 36 and is distributed up and down; the guide hole 432 is matched with the synchronization rod 431 and the synchronization rod 431 can move up and down along the guide hole 432. Such a setting provides a connection basis for the cylinder 31, the retracting plate 51, and the rotating shaft 23 to rotate synchronously.

[0048] In this embodiment, the contraction device 34 includes a contraction plate 51 and a driving rod 52. The contraction plate 51 is an arc-shaped structure and is distributed in a ring. The multiple contraction plates 51 are connected by the driving rod 52 to form a hollow cylindrical structure. A sleeve column 53 is provided on one side wall of the contraction plate 51. The sleeve column 53 is provided with a hole adapted to the driving rod 52, so that the driving rod 52 can be inserted into the sleeve column to achieve connection. Two contraction plates 51 that are arranged opposite to each other and connected by the driving rod 52 are a group, and the contraction plates 51 between two adjacent groups are engaged and contracted by the connecting structure 54. Such a setting ensures the guiding property of the movement of the contraction plate, which is convenient for the subsequent squeezing and tightening of the rock and soil sampling samples.

[0049] In this embodiment, if Figure 8 As shown: the connection structure 54 includes a first connection part 55 and a second connection part 56, and the first connection part 55 and the second connection part 56 are respectively arranged on one side of two adjacent groups and opposite contraction plates 51. The first connection part 55 includes a connection plate 551, and the connection plate 551 is integrally formed with the contraction plate 51, and the thickness of the connection plate 551 is one-fourth of the thickness of the contraction plate 51. A fastening plate 552 is also arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the connection plate 551, and the thickness of the fastening plate 552 is one-half of the thickness of the contraction plate 51, and a U-shaped groove 553 is also arranged between the fastening plate 552 and the connection plate 551. The second connection part 56 is arranged on another contraction plate 51, and is a structure that is compatible with the first connection part 55 and can move relatively. In this way, a snap-fit ​​structure is formed, and when the driving rod 52 moves inward, the first connection part 55 and the second connection part 56 move relatively, so that the radius of the hollow cylinder composed of multiple contraction plates 51 becomes smaller.

[0050] In this embodiment, there are multiple sleeves 53 spaced apart from each other, and the sleeves 53 between the two shrinkage plates 51 in each group are staggered up and down and connected by a driving rod 52 that is arranged through, so that the driving rod 52 drives the shrinkage plate 51 to move. In the initial state, the upper end of the driving rod 52 is located in the through hole 38 of the cylinder 31 so that the two can keep moving synchronously. When the cylinder 31 is under negative pressure, the driving rod 52 will move from the through hole 38 to the fixing hole 39 to unlock the shrinkage device 34 and shrink and tighten it inward, and then the shrinkage device 34 moves up with the mounting plate 33, and at this time the shrinkage device 34 is located in the cylinder. Even if the negative pressure of the cylinder disappears, the shrinkage device will not move outward, thereby forming a pressure-maintaining effect on the rock and soil sampling sample. The through hole 38 and the fixing hole 39 are both T-shaped holes, and both are open on the opposite side to ensure a stable connection effect.

[0051] Working process:

[0052] The initial state is Figure 3 As shown in the figure: the rotating disk 32 is close to the upper end of the cylinder 31, the upper ratchet gear 41 and the lower ratchet gear 42 are not in contact, and the synchronization rod 431 moves along the guide hole 432; the upper end of the driving rod 52 is in the through hole 38 of the cylinder 31, so the retractable plate 51 keeps synchronous movement with the cylinder 31. The whole structure of the device is installed and the support leg 12 is placed at the designated position, the sampling structure 3 is aligned with the pre-drilled hole for soil sampling, and the bottom surface of the retractable plate 51 of the sampling structure 3 is kept in contact with the bottom of the soil sampling hole.

[0053] The forward rotation of the three-phase asynchronous motor causes the transmission sleeve 25 and the rotating shaft 23 to move relative to each other through the transmission cooperation of the first gear 22 and the second gear 24, thereby driving the rotating shaft 23 and the rotating disk 32 to move downward. The rotating shaft 23 and the transmission sleeve 25 are similar to the lead screw nut structure. The transmission sleeve 25 and the support plate 11 are kept in relative rotation and unchanged position through the keyway cooperation, and the rotating shaft 23 moves up and down.

[0054] When the rotating shaft 23 and the rotating disk 32 move downward to the preset first height value, the upper ratchet gear 41 and the lower ratchet gear 42 are meshed and one-way transmission occurs. The upper ratchet gear 41 and the lower ratchet gear 42 are meshed and transmitted, and at this time, the rotating shaft 23 drives the rotating disk 32 to rotate synchronously, and then drives the upper ratchet gear 41 and the lower ratchet gear 42 to rotate synchronously. The lower ratchet gear 42 is fixedly connected to the second boss 37 of the cylinder 31, and then drives the cylinder 31 and the retracting plate 51 to rotate synchronously for rock and soil sampling and testing. That is, at this time, the rotating shaft 23 drives the cylinder 31 and the retracting plate 51 to rotate synchronously, but at this time, because the synchronization rod 431 can still move along the guide hole 432, the cylinder 31 and the rotating shaft 23 are not synchronously moved downward.

[0055] When the rotating shaft 23 continues to rotate downward, the rotating disk 32 is driven to move downward to a preset second height value. Fig.10As shown. That is, at this time, the lower end of the rotating disk 32 contacts the first boss 36, forming a block, and the first boss 36 restricts the rotating disk 32 from moving downward, and the rotating shaft 23 and the rotating disk 32 no longer move downward relative to the cylinder 31. The motor continues to rotate forward, and the rotating shaft 23 continues to rotate and move downward, which will drive the cylinder 31 and the retracting plate 51 to move downward synchronously to continue rock and soil sampling until the inner cavity of the retracting plate 51 is filled with rock and soil samples.

[0056] Then the motor reverses, driving the rotating shaft 23 to reverse and rise, and then driving the rotating disk 32 and the mounting disk 33 to move upward relative to the cylinder 31. Fig.11 As shown, at this time, the rotating disk 32 reverses and drives the upper ratchet gear 41 to reverse. The reverse movement of the upper ratchet gear 41 will cause a "slip" phenomenon with the lower ratchet gear 42, and then under the action of the spring 441 and the connecting column 442, a certain buffer space is guaranteed, and the rotating shaft 23 continues to rise, which is convenient for the upper ratchet gear 41 and the lower ratchet gear 42 to be safely separated. The upward movement of the rotating disk 32 and the mounting disk 33 will form a negative pressure state in the cylinder 31, so that the rock and soil samples in the contraction plate 51 are lifted up for a distance, ensuring that the samples will not fall, and preventing the rock and soil samples at the outer end from falling easily when the subsequent contraction plate 51 contracts and squeezes.

[0057] like Fig.12 As shown, when the mounting plate 33 continues to move upward to the position where the through hole 38 communicates with the fixing hole 39, the drive rod 52 of the shrinking plate 51 will move inward under the action of the negative pressure in the inner cavity, and move from the through hole 38 to the fixing hole 39, so as to unlock the shrinking plate 51, thereby forming a state where multiple shrinking plates 51 are moved inward and shrunk. Fig.13 As shown: the contraction device 34 then moves up with the mounting plate 33, and at this time the contraction device 34 is located in the cylinder 31. Even if the negative pressure in the cylinder 31 disappears, the contraction device 34 will not move outward, thereby forming a pressure-maintaining effect on the rock and soil sampling samples. The rock and soil samples inside are further squeezed and tightened, so that the sampling and testing of the rock and soil samples are successfully completed. The device improves the stability and pressure-maintaining performance of rock and soil sampling, prevents the rock and soil samples from scattering, further improves the reliability and practicality of rock and soil sampling and testing, and greatly improves the working efficiency of rock and soil sampling and testing.

[0058] Embodiment 2: Based on Embodiment 1, the supporting legs 12 are multiple and evenly distributed in a ring shape, and a flat plate is provided at the bottom of the supporting legs 12 for stable support. The inclined angle between the supporting legs 12 and the supporting plate 11 is 40-75 degrees. This arrangement further improves the overall support stability of the device and ensures the efficiency of subsequent geotechnical sampling and testing.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geotechnical sample sampling and testing device, characterized in that: it includes a support structure, a transmission structure and a sampling structure; the support structure includes a support plate and support legs; the support plate is horizontally arranged; the support legs are obliquely arranged at the lower end of the support plate; the transmission structure includes a driving member, a first gear, a rotating shaft, a second gear and a transmission sleeve; the driving member is arranged on the support plate; the first gear is arranged at the output end of the driving member and the two rotate synchronously; the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged at the center of the support plate and extends downward; the second gear and the transmission sleeve are integrally formed structures, both rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the second gear meshes with the first gear to drive the rotating shaft to move up and down; the sampling structure includes a cylinder body, a rotating disk, a mounting disk, a contraction device and an adjustment device; the cylinder body is sleeved with the rotating shaft, and the inner side wall is provided with a first boss and a second boss distributed up and down, the width of the second boss is greater than that of the first boss, and the lower end of the cylinder body is also provided with a through hole; the rotating disk is located inside the cylinder body and sleeved on the rotating shaft; the mounting disk is arranged at the bottom end of the rotating shaft and the two can rotate relatively, and the bottom end is provided with a fixing hole the same as the through hole; the contraction device is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder body to keep the two rotating synchronously, and is configured to realize self-contraction when the preset negative pressure value is reached inside the cylinder body and the unlocking is completed; the adjustment device is configured to drive the cylinder body and the contraction device to rotate synchronously when the rotating disk moves down to a preset first height value; when the rotating disk moves down to a preset second height value, the rotating shaft continues to rotate forward to drive the cylinder body and the contraction device to move down synchronously; and then when the rotating shaft rotates reversely, it drives the rotating disk and the mounting disk to move up relative to the cylinder body, and forms a negative pressure state inside the cylinder body, and at the same time makes the contraction device unlock and move inwards to contract and complete the sampling and testing.

2. The geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adjustment device includes an upper ratchet gear, a lower ratchet gear and a synchronizing member; the upper ratchet gear is arranged on the rotating disk and there is also a connecting member between the two, so that the upper ratchet gear rotates synchronously with the rotating disk and can move up and down; the lower ratchet gear is fixedly arranged on the second boss, and when the lower ratchet teeth mesh with the upper ratchet teeth, the rotating shaft drives the cylinder body to rotate synchronously; the synchronizing member is arranged between the mounting disk and the cylinder body, so that the mounting disk rotates synchronously with the cylinder body and can move axially.

3. The geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the connecting members are multiple groups evenly distributed in a ring shape, and each group of connecting members includes a spring and a connecting column; the lower end of the rotating disk is provided with a groove, and the connecting column is fitted and installed in the groove; the spring is arranged in the groove, and one end is connected to the groove and the other end is connected to the connecting column.

4. The geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the synchronizing member includes a plurality of synchronizing rods evenly distributed in a ring shape, and the synchronizing rods are fixedly connected to the mounting disk; guide holes penetrating through the first boss and distributed up and down are arranged inside the cylinder body; the guide holes are fitted and installed with the synchronizing rods.

5. The geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contraction device includes a contraction plate and a driving rod; the contraction plate is of an arc-shaped structure and there are multiple such plates, and the multiple contraction plates are connected by the driving rod to enclose a circle to form a cylindrical structure; a sleeve column is provided on one side wall of the contraction plate, and a hole adapted to the driving rod is provided inside the sleeve column. Two contraction plates that are oppositely arranged and connected by a driving rod form a group, and the contraction plates between two adjacent groups are clamped and contracted by a connecting structure.

6. A geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting structure includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part, and the first connecting part and the second connecting part are respectively arranged on one side of the contraction plates of two adjacent groups and opposite to each other; the first connecting part includes a connecting plate, the connecting plate is integrally formed with the contraction plate, and the thickness of the connecting plate is one-fourth of the thickness of the contraction plate; a fastening plate is further provided in the middle of the outer side wall of the connecting plate, the thickness of the fastening plate is one-half of the thickness of the contraction plate, and a U-shaped groove is further provided between the fastening plate and the connecting plate; the second connecting part is arranged on the other contraction plate and is a structure adapted to and relatively movable with the first connecting part.

7. A geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sleeve columns are multiple and are distributed at intervals up and down, and the sleeve columns between the two contraction plates in each group are arranged up and down in a staggered manner and are connected by a driving rod arranged therethrough; in the initial state, the upper end of the driving rod is located in the through hole of the cylinder body so as to keep them moving synchronously; in the negative pressure state of the cylinder body, the driving rod moves from the through hole to the fixed hole so that the contraction device is unlocked and contracts and tightens inward; both the through hole and the fixed hole are T-shaped holes.

8. A geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission sleeve is arranged below the second gear and is in threaded transmission with the rotating shaft, and the transmission sleeve is in contact with the support plate and only relative rotation and no relative movement are allowed between them.

9. A geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving member adopts a three-phase asynchronous motor.

10. A geotechnical sample sampling and testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support legs are multiple and are evenly distributed in a ring shape; and the included angle between the support legs and the support plate is 40-75 degrees.

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