Grate and incinerator

Abstract

The present invention discloses a grate plate, comprising: a grate plate body, including a connecting portion and a cooling portion, the grate plate body having ventilation holes at least at the front end of the grate plate; a layered partition provided on the second side of the cooling portion to separate the second side of the cooling portion into at least two layers of cooling chambers along the direction from the first side to the second side of the cooling portion, the first end of the cooling portion having a connecting ventilation chamber and an air inlet for each of the cooling chambers, the first and tail ends of the cooling chamber being the two ends along the direction from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion. The present invention divides the grate plate body into multiple layers in the direction from the first side to the second side of the cooling portion by the layered partition, so that the cooling air in the cooling chamber away from the first side has a smaller temperature rise, and after being discharged from the cooling chamber, it exchanges heat with the front end area of ​​the grate plate with a higher temperature, thereby achieving a precise cooling effect and increasing the service life of the grate plate. The present invention also discloses an incinerator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of garbage incineration, in particular to a grate plate and an incinerator. Background Art

[0002] Waste incineration is one of the primary methods for achieving waste reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization. Currently, waste incineration has become the primary method for waste disposal. Modern incineration processes typically reduce waste volume by 80%-90%, eliminate pathogens, transform harmful substances into harmless ones, and achieve resource utilization. In my country, a variety of municipal solid waste incinerators are in use. Existing waste incinerators are mostly mechanical, with waste fed into the incinerator through a feed port and fed by a pusher onto the grate surface for drying, combustion, and emberization.

[0003] The grate is divided into multiple sections according to the three combustion stages, such as the drying section, the combustion section, and the ember section. Each section can be composed of a different number of modular grates, which can be identical or designed in different sizes according to the working conditions.

[0004] As people's living standards improve, the calorific value of domestic waste continues to rise. The incineration of high calorific value waste will increase the heat load of the grate of the incinerator. Generally, when the grate surface is burning garbage, the temperature inside the furnace can reach 1200℃, and the grate surface temperature can reach 600-700℃, causing local high-temperature corrosion of the grate. Since the front end of the grate is tilted upward, the front end of the grate has the highest vertical height and is closest to the high-temperature area of ​​the furnace. Therefore, the temperature here is the highest. The common material of the grate is high-chromium cast steel. The combustion section temperature is the highest, usually up to 600-700℃. Cr and C easily react at 500~900℃ to produce Cr. 23 C6. In addition, Fe reacts with acidic gases such as HCl and SO3 in the garbage to generate molten salts. When the temperature increases to 650℃, it will accelerate the corrosion of the grate plates and affect the life of the grate plates.

[0005] In the existing technology, the garbage incinerator sends primary air into the bottom of the grate through the air chamber under the grate. After the air contacts and exchanges heat with the bottom of the grate, it is sent into the furnace through the ventilation holes on the grate and the gaps between the grate pieces, providing the oxygen required for combustion of garbage. Before entering the incinerator, the air exchanges heat with the grate pieces, which plays a role in reducing the temperature of the grate pieces.

[0006] The primary air temperature is generally 20~220℃, that is, the lowest primary air temperature is room temperature (the conventional design is 20℃). When the calorific value of garbage continues to increase, even the primary air at room temperature cannot meet the cooling needs of the grate.

[0007] Therefore, how to enhance the cooling effect on the grate plates and increase the service life of the grate plates is a technical problem that those skilled in the art currently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a grate plate to enhance the cooling effect of the grate plate and increase the service life of the grate plate;

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator having the above-mentioned grate plate.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0011] A grate plate, comprising:

[0012] The grate plate body includes a connecting portion and a cooling portion, wherein the first end of the cooling portion is an end close to the connecting portion, and the second end is a front end of the grate plate. The grate plate body is provided with a ventilation hole at least at the front end of the grate plate. The first side of the cooling portion and the connecting portion is a side facing the furnace, and the second side is a side facing away from the furnace.

[0013] A layered partition is provided on the second side of the cooling portion to separate the second side of the cooling portion into at least two layers of cooling cavities along the direction from the first side to the second side of the cooling portion. The first end of the cooling portion has an air inlet connecting the ventilation chamber and each of the cooling cavities. Both ends of each of the cooling cavities are connected. The head and tail ends of the cooling cavity are the two ends along the direction from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate plate, both sides of the layered partition are respectively connected to two side plates of the grate plate body, and the two side plates of the grate plate body are side plates extending from the first end to the second end of the cooling part.

[0015] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate plate, the head end of the layered partition is the end close to the air inlet, and the tail end of the layered partition extends toward the front end of the grate plate.

[0016] Optionally, the above-mentioned grate plate further includes a channel partition, which is arranged on the second side of the cooling part to separate at least one layer of the cooling cavity into at least two cooling air channels, and the cooling air channels extend from the first end to the second end of the cooling part.

[0017] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate plate, each layer of the cooling cavity is provided with the channel partition.

[0018] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate sheet, the number of the channel baffles in the cooling cavity of each layer is the same or different; and / or

[0019] There are multiple channel baffles in each layer of the cooling cavity, and the channel baffles in at least one layer of the cooling cavity are arranged in parallel or gradually approach each other in the direction from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion; and / or

[0020] The widths of the cooling air ducts in the cooling cavities of each layer are the same or different.

[0021] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate plate, a labyrinth baffle is provided in the cooling air duct for dividing the cooling air duct into a labyrinth-shaped air duct.

[0022] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate plate, there are multiple labyrinth baffles in each cooling air duct, and they are staggered along the air duct walls of the cooling air duct.

[0023] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate plate, the labyrinth baffles in each of the cooling air ducts include at least a first labyrinth baffle and a second labyrinth baffle;

[0024] One end of the first labyrinth baffle is connected to the first air duct wall of the cooling air duct, and the other end forms a first side air duct gap with the second air duct wall of the cooling air duct;

[0025] One end of the second labyrinth baffle is connected to the second duct wall of the cooling duct, and the other end forms a second side duct gap with the first duct wall of the cooling duct. The first duct wall and the second duct wall are two opposite duct walls of the cooling duct.

[0026] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate sheet, the first air duct wall and the second air duct wall are the top wall and the bottom wall of the cooling air duct; or

[0027] The first air duct wall and the second air duct wall are two side walls of the cooling air duct extending from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion.

[0028] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate plate, the angle α between the labyrinth baffle and the air duct wall of the cooling air duct is 30°~150°.

[0029] Optionally, in the above-mentioned grate plate, the labyrinth baffle is a vertical wind shield perpendicular to the surface where the first side of the cooling portion is located; or

[0030] The labyrinth baffle is an inclined guide plate for guiding flow in a direction corresponding to the first side of the cooling portion.

[0031] The grate plate provided by the present invention incorporates a layered partition plate on the basis of the existing grate plate body. The layered partition plate divides the second side of the cooling portion into at least two cooling chambers. An air inlet connecting the ventilation chamber and each cooling chamber is provided at the first end of the cooling portion. Each cooling chamber is connected at both ends, allowing cooling air to enter each cooling chamber through the air inlet and exit through the rear end of the cooling chamber to cool the grate plate. After sufficient heat exchange with the grate plate, the air flows into the furnace, creating a combustion-supporting effect.

[0032] The grate plate provided by the present invention divides the grate plate body into multiple layers in the direction from the first side to the second side of the cooling part through layered partitions, so that the cooling air in the cooling cavity away from the first side has a smaller temperature rise. After being discharged from the cooling cavity, it exchanges heat with the front end area of ​​the grate plate with a higher temperature, thereby achieving a precise cooling effect and improving the service life of the grate plate.

[0033] An incinerator comprises a grate plate and a wind chamber arranged below the grate plate, wherein the grate plate is the grate plate described in the above item.

[0034] Optionally, in the above-mentioned incinerator, the wind chamber is connected to the grate furnace only through the ventilation holes of the grate.

[0035] The incinerator provided by the present invention has all the technical effects of the above-mentioned grate plates because it has the above-mentioned grate plates, and will not be described in detail herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a grate sheet disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention from a main viewing angle;

[0038] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a grate sheet disclosed in another embodiment of the present invention from a main viewing angle;

[0039] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a grate plate disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention from a top view;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a grate plate disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention from a side perspective.

[0041] Figures 1 to 4 The meanings of the reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0042] 101 is the grate body, 102 is the connecting part, 103 is the air inlet, 104 is the labyrinth baffle, 1041 is the first labyrinth baffle, 1042 is the second labyrinth baffle, 105 is the ventilation hole, 106 is the layered partition, and 107 is the channel partition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The core of the present invention is to provide a grate plate to enhance the cooling effect of the grate plate and increase the service life of the grate plate;

[0044] Another core of the present invention is to provide an incinerator having the above-mentioned grate plate.

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a grate plate including a grate plate body 101 and a layered partition 106 .

[0047] The grate plate body 101 includes a connecting portion 102 and a cooling portion. The connecting portion 102 is used to connect to the grate fixing beam. Each grate plate is mounted on the grate fixing beam via the connecting portion 102. The fixing clamps are used to limit and lock each grate plate on the grate fixing beam. It should be noted that the connecting portion 102 is the structure for mounting the grate plate on the grate fixing beam. Its specific structure and features are all prior art and are not the focus of this application.

[0048] The cooling part is the main part for exchanging heat with the cooling air in the air chamber. It should be noted that the connecting part 102 and the cooling part are only defined according to the functions of the grate plate body 101 for the convenience of understanding. It should not be understood that the connecting part 102 and the cooling part are two different components. There is no clear dividing line between the two on the grate plate body 101.

[0049] For ease of understanding, the two ends of the cooling section along the direction of waste incineration conveyance are defined as the first end and the second end. The first end of the cooling section is the end closest to the connection portion 102 (which can be understood as the upstream direction of the waste incineration conveyance), and the second end is the front end of the grate plate (which can be understood as the downstream direction of the waste incineration conveyance). Because the grate plates are generally arranged at an angle, the front end of the grate plate is vertically higher than the end of the grate plate body 101 where the connection portion 102 is located. Therefore, it is closer to the higher temperature furnace, which means that the temperature at the front end of the grate plate is higher than the rest of the grate plate.

[0050] The grate body 101 has ventilation holes 105 at least at the front end. For ease of understanding, in this embodiment, the first side of the grate body 101, i.e., the cooling portion and the connecting portion 102, is defined as the side facing the furnace, and the second side is defined as the side facing away from the furnace.

[0051] The layered baffles 106 are disposed on the second side of the cooling section, that is, on the side of the grate plate body 101 facing away from the furnace. By disposing the layered baffles 106 on the second side of the cooling section, the second side of the cooling section can be divided into at least two layers of cooling chambers along the direction from the first side to the second side of the cooling section. This can be understood as the layers of cooling chambers being distributed vertically along the grate plate body 101. For ease of understanding, the cooling chamber closest to the first side can be defined as the top cooling chamber, and the cooling chamber farthest from the first side can be defined as the bottom cooling chamber.

[0052] The first end of the cooling unit has an air inlet 103 connecting the ventilation chamber and each cooling cavity. The beginning and end of each cooling cavity are connected to avoid the problem that the cooling air in some cooling cavities cannot flow due to the tail end being blocked.

[0053] The leading and trailing ends of the cooling cavity are the ends extending in the direction from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion. The leading end of the cooling cavity refers to the end close to the air inlet 103, and the trailing end of the cooling cavity refers to the end away from the air inlet 103. The leading and trailing ends of each cooling cavity are connected, meaning that the leading end of each cooling cavity is connected through the air inlet 103, and the trailing end of each cooling cavity is connected through the air outlet of the cooling cavity. That is, the trailing end of the layered partition 106 cannot extend to the front end of the grate plate body 101, and must leave a gap with the front end plate of the grate plate body 101 so that the cooling air in the cooling cavity in the lower layer can flow out and eventually flow out of the grate plate through the ventilation holes 105.

[0054] The grate plate provided by the present invention incorporates a layered partition 106 on top of the existing grate plate body. The layered partition 106 divides the second side of the cooling section into at least two cooling chambers. The first end of the cooling section has an air inlet connecting the ventilation chamber and each cooling chamber. Each cooling chamber is connected at both ends, allowing cooling air to enter each cooling chamber through the air inlet and exit through the rear end of the cooling chamber to cool the grate plate. After sufficient heat exchange with the grate plate, the air flows into the furnace, creating a combustion-supporting effect.

[0055] The grate plate provided by the present invention is divided into multiple layers from the first side to the second side of the cooling portion by a layered partition 106, so that the cooling air in the cooling cavity away from the first side (such as the bottom cooling cavity) has a smaller temperature rise. That is, the bottom cooling cavity does not directly contact the first side. Therefore, the cooling air enters the bottom cooling cavity through the air inlet 103 and flows from the front end to the rear end of the bottom cooling cavity. During this process, it does not directly exchange heat with the first side of the grate plate body 101, but only exchanges heat with the cavity wall of the cooling cavity located above it, so the temperature rise is smaller. The temperature of the cooling air flowing out of the rear end of the bottom cooling cavity is lower than the temperature of the cooling air flowing out of the rear end of the top cooling cavity. The cooling air flowing out of the rear end of the bottom cooling cavity has a lower temperature, so it exchanges heat with the front end area of ​​the grate plate with a higher temperature, which has a better cooling effect on the front end area of ​​the grate plate, thereby achieving the purpose of precise cooling and extending the service life of the grate plate.

[0056] Compared to conventional methods without multiple cooling chambers, the cooling air in the prior art rapidly heats up as it flows from the rear end of the grate fins to the front end. By the time it reaches the hottest front end of the grate fins, the cooling air is already very hot, significantly reducing heat exchange efficiency and failing to effectively cool the front end of the grate fins. However, with the multi-layer cooling chamber design of the present invention, while the top cooling chamber cannot effectively cool the front end of the grate fins, the other layers, particularly the bottom cooling chamber, can precisely cool the front end of the grate fins.

[0057] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the two sides of the layered partition 106 are respectively connected to the two side panels of the grate segment body 101. The two side panels of the grate segment body 101 extend from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion. The direction from the first end to the second end of the grate segment body 101 is defined as the length direction of the grate segment body 101, and the direction perpendicular to the length direction is defined as the width direction. The two side panels of the grate segment body 101 are spaced apart in the width direction.

[0058] In this embodiment, the two sides of the stratified partition 106 are connected to the two side plates of the grate body 101 respectively, so that the cooling air of each layer will not move up and down on both sides of the stratified partition 106 to affect the flow rate of the cooling air.

[0059] Furthermore, the leading end of the stratified baffle 106 is located near the air inlet 103, and the trailing end of the stratified baffle 106 extends toward the front end of the grate plate. The trailing end of the stratified baffle 106 is located within the grate plate body 101 and can be designed based on the actual application scenario. It should be noted that the closer the trailing end of the stratified baffle 106 is to the front end of the grate plate, the better the cooling effect of the cooling cavity located below on the front end of the grate plate. Of course, the trailing end of the stratified baffle 106 can also extend only to the middle of the grate plate body 101.

[0060] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the grate plate may further include a channel baffle 107. The channel baffle 107 is disposed on the second side of the cooling portion to divide the at least one cooling cavity into at least two cooling air ducts, each extending from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion. Dividing the cooling cavity into multiple cooling air ducts by the channel baffles 107 increases the heat exchange area between the cooling air and the cooling cavity. The more channel baffles 107 there are, the larger the heat exchange area, and the better the cooling effect.

[0061] Each layer of cooling cavities may be provided with channel baffles 107, or of course, only some of the cooling cavities may be provided with channel baffles 107. The cooling cavities closer to the first side of the cooling portion should be provided with channel baffles 107, while the cooling cavities farther from the first side of the cooling portion may not be provided with channel baffles 107 because they do not directly exchange heat with the first side of the grate plate body 101.

[0062] When each layer of cooling cavities is provided with channel baffles 107, the number of channel baffles 107 in each layer of cooling cavities can be the same or different. For example, a greater number of channel baffles 107 can be provided in cooling cavities closer to the first side of the cooling portion, while a smaller number of channel baffles 107 can be provided in cooling cavities farther from the first side of the cooling portion. Of course, for ease of design and manufacturing, the same number of channel baffles 107 can be provided in each layer of cooling cavities.

[0063] There are multiple channel baffles 107 in each cooling cavity layer, and each channel baffle 107 in at least one cooling cavity layer is arranged in parallel. All channel baffles 107 in each cooling cavity layer can be arranged in parallel, and channel baffles 107 in cooling cavities of different layers can also be arranged in parallel.

[0064] Of course, the two adjacent channel partitions 107 can also gradually approach each other along the direction from the first end to the second end of the cooling part, so that the cooling air duct between the two channel partitions 107 gradually converges along the direction from the first end to the second end of the cooling part to form a tapered cooling air duct. The tapered cooling air duct can increase the flow rate of the cooling air, so that the cooling air is accelerated to be ejected from the ventilation hole 105.

[0065] The widths of the cooling air ducts in each layer of cooling cavity can be the same or different, and the widths of the cooling air ducts in the cooling cavity of the same layer can also be the same or different. Figure 3 As shown, there are two channel partitions 107 in each layer of the cooling cavity, and the width of the cooling air channel between the two channel partitions 107 is wider, while the width of the cooling air channel formed between the channel partition 107 and the side plate of the grate plate body 101 is narrower.

[0066] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a labyrinth baffle 104 may be provided in the cooling air duct for dividing the cooling air duct into a labyrinth-shaped air duct, so as to increase the movement path of the cooling air in the cooling air duct.

[0067] The cooling air can be guided along the cooling air duct to the ventilation holes 105. During the guidance process, the cooling air can always maintain contact with the labyrinth baffle 104 and the duct wall inside the cooling air duct. As the contact surface increases, the heat exchange area is increased. This can not only effectively control the airflow path, but also increase the cooling time, achieving a forced cooling effect, greatly reducing the temperature of the grate plate. Under the condition of long-term high-temperature incineration operation, the temperature of the grate plate can be kept within a reasonable temperature range. Because the cooling air flows into the furnace through the ventilation holes 105 of the grate plate through heat conduction, it creates a combustion-supporting effect.

[0068] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, multiple labyrinth baffles 104 are provided in each cooling duct, and are staggered along the duct walls. With the exception of the cooling duct in the bottom cooling cavity (which has three duct walls), the cooling ducts in the remaining cooling cavities all have four duct walls. It should be noted that the labyrinth baffles 104 cannot completely block the cooling duct; a ventilation gap must be left between the baffles 104 and at least one duct wall to allow cooling air to pass through. The labyrinth baffles 104 are staggered along the duct walls to create a turbulent flow effect as the cooling air flows within the duct, ensuring a consistent heat exchange time with the duct and improving heat exchange efficiency. The number of labyrinth baffles 104 can be increased as needed. Generally, two to three labyrinth baffles 104 are provided in the middle of the grate plate body 101, and several labyrinth baffles 104 are provided at the front end of the grate plate, depending on the number of openings.

[0069] like Figure 3As shown, further, the labyrinth baffles 104 in each cooling air duct include at least a first labyrinth baffle 1041 and a second labyrinth baffle 1042. One end of the first labyrinth baffle 1041 is connected to the first air duct wall of the cooling air duct, and the other end forms a first side air duct gap with the second air duct wall of the cooling air duct; one end of the second labyrinth baffle 1042 is connected to the second air duct wall of the cooling air duct, and the other end forms a second side air duct gap with the first air duct wall of the cooling air duct. The first air duct wall and the second air duct wall are two opposing air duct walls of the cooling air duct.

[0070] After the cooling air enters from the head end of the cooling air duct, it flows along the cooling air duct. When it flows to the position of the first labyrinth baffle 1041, it is blocked by the first labyrinth baffle 1041, and the cooling air turns toward the second air duct wall and passes through the gap of the first side air duct. When it continues to flow to the second labyrinth baffle 1042, it is blocked by the second labyrinth baffle 1042, and the cooling air turns toward the first air duct wall and passes through the gap of the second side air duct, and finally flows out from the ventilation hole 105.

[0071] The first and second duct walls can be the top and bottom walls of the cooling duct. When labyrinth baffles 104 are installed on the top and bottom walls of the cooling duct, the cooling air can impact the top wall. Since the top wall of the cooling duct has the highest temperature, installing labyrinth baffles 104 on the top and bottom walls of the cooling duct can improve heat exchange efficiency. In particular, labyrinth baffles 104 in the cooling duct located in the top cooling chamber can be installed on the top and bottom walls of the cooling duct to cool the middle and rear portions of the grate fins.

[0072] The first air duct wall and the second air duct wall can also be two side walls of the cooling air duct extending from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion. This arrangement can ensure that the cooling air is always in contact with the top wall of the cooling air duct for heat exchange.

[0073] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the included angle α between the labyrinth baffle 104 and the wall of the cooling air duct is 30° to 150°, preferably 90° to 120°, which can achieve the optimal turbulence effect on the cooling air.

[0074] It should be noted that the labyrinth baffle 104 can be a vertical wind deflector perpendicular to the surface of the first side of the cooling portion; it can also be an inclined deflector that directs air in the direction of the first side of the cooling portion. That is, the labyrinth baffle 104 can also form an angle of less than 90° with the first side of the grate plate body 101. For ease of understanding, the first end of the labyrinth baffle 104 is defined as the end close to the top wall of the cooling air duct, and the second end is defined as the end away from the top wall of the cooling air duct. The first end of the labyrinth baffle 104 should be farther away from the air inlet 103 than the second end, so that the cooling air is guided toward the top wall of the cooling air duct by the labyrinth baffle 104.

[0075] The present invention also discloses an incinerator comprising a grate and a plenum disposed below the grate. The grate is the grate disclosed in the above embodiment. Due to the grate, the incinerator has all the technical effects of the above grate, which will not be described in detail herein.

[0076] Furthermore, the air chamber is connected to the grate furnace only through the ventilation holes 105 of the grate, that is, no ventilation gap is set between the grate, and the primary air mainly enters the furnace through the cooling cavity of the grate. Compared with the conventional design, the air volume passing through the internal channel of the grate is increased, and the flow rate when sprayed into the furnace is higher than that of the conventional structure, thereby improving the penetration of the primary air, so that the primary air can penetrate the garbage layer covering the surface of the grate and reach the combustion area above the garbage layer, thereby increasing the amount of oxygen for the full combustion of the garbage.

[0077] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0078] As used in this application and the claims, unless the context clearly indicates an exception, the terms "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" are not intended to refer to the singular and may include the plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Generally speaking, the terms "comprises" and "include" only indicate the inclusion of the steps and elements specifically identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. A method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements. The phrase "comprises a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, product, or apparatus that includes the elements.

[0079] In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0080] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grate plate, characterized in that: include: The grate plate body (101) comprises a connecting portion (102) and a cooling portion, wherein the first end of the cooling portion is an end close to the connecting portion (102), and the second end is a front end of the grate plate. The grate plate body (101) is provided with a ventilation hole (105) at least at the front end of the grate plate. The first side of the cooling portion and the connecting portion (102) is a side facing the furnace, and the second side is a side facing away from the furnace. A layered partition (106) is provided on the second side of the cooling portion to separate the second side of the cooling portion into at least two layers of cooling chambers in the direction from the first side to the second side of the cooling portion. The first end of the cooling portion has an air inlet (103) connecting the ventilation chamber and each of the cooling chambers. Both ends of the cooling chambers are connected. The ends of the cooling chambers are the ends in the direction from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion. Each of the cooling chambers can take in cooling air through the air inlet (103) and can also flow out through the tail end of each of the cooling chambers to accurately cool down different areas of the grate sheet and then flow into the furnace to assist combustion. Both sides of the layered partition (106) are respectively connected to two side plates of the grate plate body (101), and the two side plates of the grate plate body (101) are side plates extending from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion; The front end of the layered partition (106) is the end close to the air inlet (103), and the rear end of the layered partition (106) extends toward the front end of the grate plate; the rear end of the layered partition (106) cannot extend to the front end of the grate plate body (101), and a gap is left between the rear end plate and the front end of the grate plate body (101), so that the cooling air in the cooling cavity located in the lower layer can flow out and finally flow out of the grate plate through the ventilation hole (105); Also included is a channel partition (107), the channel partition (107) being arranged on the second side of the cooling portion to separate at least one layer of the cooling cavity into at least two cooling air channels, the cooling air channels extending from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion; A labyrinth baffle (104) is provided in the cooling air duct for dividing the cooling air duct into a labyrinth-shaped air duct.

2. The grate sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each layer of the cooling cavity is provided with the channel partition (107).

3. The grate sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the channel partitions (107) in each layer of the cooling cavity is the same or different; and / or The number of the channel baffles (107) in each layer of the cooling cavity is multiple, and the channel baffles (107) in at least one layer of the cooling cavity are arranged in parallel or gradually approach each other in a direction from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion; and / or The widths of the cooling air ducts in the cooling cavities of each layer are the same or different.

4. The grate sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple labyrinth baffles (104) in each cooling air duct, and they are arranged in staggered rows along each air duct wall of the cooling air duct.

5. The grate sheet according to claim 4, characterized in that: The labyrinth baffles (104) in each cooling air duct include at least a first labyrinth baffle (1041) and a second labyrinth baffle (1042); One end of the first labyrinth baffle (1041) is connected to the first air duct wall of the cooling air duct, and the other end forms a first side air duct gap with the second air duct wall of the cooling air duct; One end of the second labyrinth baffle (1042) is connected to the second air duct wall of the cooling air duct, and the other end forms a second side air duct gap with the first air duct wall of the cooling air duct, and the first air duct wall and the second air duct wall are two opposite air duct walls of the cooling air duct.

6. The grate sheet according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first air duct wall and the second air duct wall are the top wall and the bottom wall of the cooling air duct; or The first air duct wall and the second air duct wall are two side walls of the cooling air duct extending from the first end to the second end of the cooling portion.

7. The grate sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle α between the labyrinth baffle (104) and the air duct wall of the cooling air duct is 30° to 150°.

8. The grate sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The labyrinth baffle (104) is a vertical windshield perpendicular to the surface where the first side of the cooling portion is located; or The labyrinth baffle (104) is an inclined guide plate that guides flow in the direction of the first side of the cooling portion.

9. An incinerator, characterized in that: The invention comprises a grate plate and an air chamber arranged at the lower part of the grate plate, and the grate plate is the grate plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The incinerator according to claim 9, characterized in that The air chamber is connected to the grate plate furnace only through the ventilation holes (105) of the grate plate.

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