Satellite communication oriented wide-beam anti-metal antenna

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of satellite mobile communication, and specifically provides a wide-beam metal-resistant antenna for satellite communication to overcome the problem that communication is interrupted under the interference of a metal environment for the existing satellite communication antenna. The application adopts a design of laminated slot coupling feed, improves the back and forward radiation of the antenna through a metal reflector plate and a forward radiation plate to improve the gain, generates 90 degrees of self-phase shift through a Wilkinson power divider, feeds a rotationally symmetrical "H" type slot at the same time, introduces a metal aluminum ring to pre-compensate the metal environment, reduces the influence of the surrounding metal floor on the antenna, and the metal reflector plate and the conductive metal aluminum ring together form a magnetic dipole, which is complementary to the directional diagram of the feed plate as an electrode to widen the lobe and improve the gain at a low elevation angle. Furthermore, the application has the advantages of wide beam, good low-elevation circular polarization performance and metal resistance, and is more suitable for satellite communication in actual scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of satellite communication, and more particularly to a wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication. Background Technology

[0002] A broadband antenna refers to an antenna with a certain impedance bandwidth. There are many methods to broaden the antenna's impedance bandwidth, such as reducing the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, increasing the substrate thickness, adding shorting pins around the antenna, using a multilayer structure, and slotting the patch. Among these, slot-coupled antennas can meet a wide operating frequency band while maintaining a certain gain, making them valuable in satellite communication.

[0003] As front-end devices for receiving electromagnetic signals, antennas are increasingly required to possess essential characteristics such as miniaturization and wide bandwidth, while ensuring communication quality. In reality, these satellite-oriented antennas are often installed in environments with metallic surfaces, such as submarines, aircraft, and automobiles. Therefore, considering the practical application scenarios, antennas need to have certain anti-metal properties. Otherwise, in practical applications, gain fluctuations or even negative gain will inevitably occur at the antenna's elevation angle, and the axial ratio of the antenna will deteriorate, leading to communication interruptions. Therefore, the anti-metal properties of antennas are receiving increasing attention. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication. This satellite communication antenna has anti-metal characteristics, good low elevation ratio gain, and is fed by a stacked slot coupling, and has greater application value in vehicle-mounted, airborne, shipborne, and naval applications.

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention discloses a wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication, comprising: a radiating patch, an FR4 dielectric substrate, an H-shaped slot, a power divider, an F4B high-frequency board, an upper supporting nylon column, a lower supporting nylon column, an SMA coaxial cable, a metal ring, and an irregularly shaped reflector; the irregularly shaped reflector is connected to the F4B high-frequency board via the lower supporting nylon column, the F4B high-frequency board is connected to the FR4 dielectric substrate via the upper supporting nylon column, the radiating patch is disposed on the top of the FR4 dielectric substrate, one side of the F4B high-frequency board has a pair of H-shaped slots that are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the F4B high-frequency board, the other side of the F4B high-frequency board has a power divider, the SMA coaxial cable (8) is disposed on the irregularly shaped reflector and connected to the power divider, the metal ring is disposed between the F4B high-frequency board and the irregularly shaped reflector, and the metal ring surrounds the F4B high-frequency board.

[0006] Furthermore, the power divider is a Wilkinson power divider.

[0007] Furthermore, the F4B high-frequency board is circular in shape and has a dielectric constant of 2.65.

[0008] Furthermore, the irregularly shaped reflector is made of aluminum.

[0009] Furthermore, the metal ring is made of aluminum.

[0010] Furthermore, the FR4 dielectric substrate is circular in shape and has a dielectric constant of 4.4.

[0011] Furthermore, the power divider forms a power supply network, which is powered by SMA coaxial cable with an input and output impedance of 50Ω, a 1 / 4 wavelength conversion line impedance of 70.7Ω, and an isolation resistor of 100Ω. It then branches out two feed lines with a phase difference of 90 degrees to feed the rotationally symmetrical H-shaped slot, thereby forming a left-hand circularly polarized wave.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper supporting nylon column and the lower supporting nylon column have different heights.

[0013] Furthermore, the edge of the irregularly shaped reflector is provided with a fixed arc and a fixing hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the irregularly shaped reflector is provided with SMA coaxial cable feed holes.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] The design employs a stacked slot coupling feed, which enhances the antenna's back and front radiation by using a metal reflector and a forward radiating plate, thereby increasing gain. A Wilkinson power divider generates a 90-degree self-phase shift and feeds the rotationally symmetrical "H"-shaped slot. Simultaneously, a metal aluminum ring is introduced to pre-compensate the metallic environment, reducing the influence of the surrounding metal ground plane on the antenna. The metal reflector and the conductive metal aluminum ring together form a magnetic dipole, which complements the radiation pattern of the feed plate, which acts as an electrode, thus widening the beam and improving gain at low elevation angles. Therefore, this invention simultaneously possesses the advantages of wide beam, good circular polarization performance at low elevation angles, and anti-metallic properties, making it more suitable for satellite communication in practical scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna F4B high-frequency board in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna metal reflector aluminum plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4This is a diagram showing the return loss test results of the antenna on a metal floor with a radius of 600mm in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is the normalized gain pattern of the antenna on a metal floor with a radius of 600mm at the communication frequency in this embodiment of the invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is the normalized gain pattern of the antenna on the xoz plane of the communication frequency point in this embodiment of the invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This refers to the axial ratio of the antenna at a frequency of 1.98 GHz on a metal floor with a radius of 600 mm in this embodiment of the invention.

[0024] Figure 8 The axial ratio of the antenna at 1.98 GHz in this embodiment of the invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This refers to the axial ratio of the antenna at a frequency of 2.2 GHz on a metal floor with a radius of 600 mm in this embodiment of the invention.

[0026] Figure 10 The axial ratio of the antenna at 2.2 GHz in this embodiment of the invention;

[0027] Figure 11 This is an elevation gain diagram of the antenna at 1.98 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 12 This is an elevation gain diagram of the antenna at 2.2 GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure label:

[0030] 1: Radiation patch, 2: FR4 dielectric board, 3: H-groove, 4: Power divider, 5: F4B high-frequency board, 6: Upper nylon column, 7: Lower nylon column, 8: SMA coaxial cable, 9: Metal ring, 10: Irregularly shaped reflector, a: Fixing arc, b: Fixing hole, c: SMA coaxial cable feeder hole. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention discloses a wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication, characterized in that it comprises: a radiating patch 1, an FR4 dielectric substrate 2, an H-shaped slot 3, a power divider 4, an F4B high-frequency board 5, an upper supporting nylon column 6, a lower supporting nylon column 7, an SMA coaxial cable 8, a metal ring 9, and an irregularly shaped reflector 10; the irregularly shaped reflector 10 is connected to the F4B high-frequency board 5 via the lower supporting nylon column 7, and the F4B high-frequency board 5 is connected to the FR4 dielectric substrate 6 via the upper supporting nylon column 6. The F4B high-frequency board 5 has a pair of H-shaped slots 3 that are symmetrical about the center of the F4B high-frequency board 5 on one side and a power divider 4 on the other side. The SMA coaxial cable 8 is located on the irregular reflector 10 and is connected to the power divider 4. The metal ring 9 is located between the F4B high-frequency board 5 and the irregular reflector 10 and is fitted around the F4B high-frequency board 5.

[0033] The FR4 dielectric substrate 2 has a relative permittivity of 4.4, a thickness of 1 mm, and a radius of 40 mm. The dielectric substrate is etched on one side, and a microstrip radiating patch 1 with a side length of 41.6 mm is etched at the center of the top layer of the substrate to improve the forward radiation of the antenna.

[0034] The F4B high-frequency board 5 has a relative permittivity of 2.65, a thickness of 1 mm, and a radius of 40 mm. This high-frequency board is etched on both sides. The top layer is etched with a pair of rotationally symmetrical H-shaped slots 3, both identical. Point O is the central origin of the F4B high-frequency board 5 and also the rotational symmetry center of the H-shaped slots 3. The L1 length of the H-shaped slot 3 is 18.3 mm, the L2 length is 16.7 mm, the width w1 is 3.3 mm, and the width w2 is 6.7 mm, thus forming a pair of ground plane slots. The bottom surface is etched with a Wilkinson power divider 4, which uses slot coupling to feed the top microstrip patch. The phase difference between the two feed lines is 90 degrees, thereby achieving left-hand circular polarization and improving the antenna's cross-polarization.

[0035] The metal ring 9 is made of aluminum dielectric material and serves as the metal pre-compensation part of this antenna. It acts like a magnetic dipole, making the antenna beam wider and also pre-compensating the surrounding metal environment. When the antenna is placed on a large metal ground plane, it reduces the interference of the surrounding metal ground plane on the antenna performance. Its inner diameter is 40mm, outer diameter is 41.5mm, thickness is 1.5mm, and height is 24.2mm. It is fixed on the irregular reflector 10 and clamps the F4B high-frequency plate 5, thereby increasing the omnidirectional radiation of the antenna and improving the gain, but it will have a certain impact on the antenna axial ratio.

[0036] Figure 3A shaped reflector 10 is provided, made of aluminum dielectric material, circular with a radius of 44mm. It is horizontally cut on one side with a cutting distance d of 2.3mm, and four fixing arcs a are cut at its edge. The radius of the circle containing the fixing arcs a is 7.5mm and the angle of the fixing arcs a is 90 degrees. The edge of the shaped reflector 10 is also provided with four fixing holes b with a radius of 1mm. These cuts are for fixing and installation purposes and can be omitted in actual implementation. The shaped reflector 10 is also provided with SMA coaxial cable feed through holes c with a radius of 1.7mm.

[0037] The application effects of the antenna of this invention will be described in detail below with the help of simulation.

[0038] Figure 4 The simulation and measured return loss S11 results of this invention are presented. They are: the simulation curve of the antenna's S11 parameters with a 600mm metal ground plane; the simulation curve of the S11 parameters without a metal ground plane, i.e., without metal interference; and the S11 parameters without a metal ground plane after passing through a vector network analyzer. It can be seen that the S11 parameters in the uplink band (1.98GHz~2.01GHz) and the downlink band (2.17GHz~2.2GHz) are both around -25dB, and the antenna's -10dB relative bandwidth is 48%, indicating a relatively wide impedance bandwidth.

[0039] Figure 5 The normalized gain radiation patterns of the antenna of the present invention in the yoz plane at 1.98 GHz and 2.2 GHz are given. It can be seen that the left-hand circular polarization gain of the antenna in the uplink and downlink communication bands is greater than 6 dBi, and there is still a gain of about 3 dBi at elevation angles of ±30 degrees, which ensures both the communication rate in high latitude regions and the communication quality in low latitude regions.

[0040] Figure 6 The normalized gain radiation patterns of the antenna of the present invention at 1.98 GHz and 2.2 GHz in the xoz plane are given. The radiation patterns are basically consistent with those in the yoz plane, which can be considered as a high-performance omnidirectional antenna. Moreover, the cross-polarization of the antenna is less than -20 dB in both the yoz and xoz planes, which meets the basic requirements for cross-polarization of the antenna.

[0041] Figure 7 The axial ratio of the antenna of this invention at 1.98 GHz on a 600 mm large metal ground plane is given. When the azimuth angle is 0 degrees, the 3dB axial ratio beamwidth of the antenna is ±30 degrees and the 6dB axial ratio beamwidth is ±71 degrees. When the azimuth angle is 90 degrees, the 3dB axial ratio beamwidth of the antenna is ±45 degrees and the 6dB axial ratio beamwidth is ±56 degrees, which shows good low elevation angle axial ratio characteristics.

[0042] Figure 8The axial ratio of the antenna of this invention is given when there is no metal ground interference around 1.98GHz. When the azimuth angle is 0 degrees, the 3dB beamwidth of the antenna is ±73 degrees and the 6dB beamwidth is ±102 degrees; when the azimuth angle is 90 degrees, the 3dB beamwidth of the antenna is ±40 degrees and the 6dB beamwidth is ±66 degrees. It can be seen that the antenna can still guarantee a certain communication quality when there is no metal environment interference.

[0043] Figure 9 The antenna of this invention has the following characteristics when the axial ratio is 2.2 GHz on a 600 mm large metal floor and the azimuth angle is 0 degrees: the 3dB axial ratio beamwidth is ±30 degrees and the 6dB axial ratio beamwidth is ±55 degrees; when the azimuth angle is 90 degrees, the 3dB axial ratio beamwidth is ±48 degrees and the 6dB axial ratio beamwidth is ±52 degrees, exhibiting good low elevation angle axial ratio characteristics.

[0044] Figure 10 The axial ratio of the antenna of this invention is given when there is no metal ground interference around 2.2GHz. When the azimuth angle is 0 degrees, the 3dB beamwidth of the antenna is ±50 degrees and the 6dB beamwidth is ±73 degrees; when the azimuth angle is 90 degrees, the 3dB beamwidth of the antenna is ±35 degrees and the 6dB beamwidth is ±65 degrees. It can be seen that the antenna can work normally in the downlink band without metal interference.

[0045] Figure 11 The gain pattern of the antenna of this invention at 1.98 GHz is given. Since the antenna gain is basically the same at all directional angles, only the gain pattern at a directional angle of 0 degrees is given. It can be seen that the maximum gain at the zenith is 7.19 dBi when there is no metallic interference, and the gain is 1.8 dBi at elevation angles of ±60 degrees. When there is metallic interference, the maximum gain at the zenith is 6.25 dBi, and the gain is 3.1 dBi at elevation angles of ±60 degrees, which meets the basic communication requirements of the "Skycom" antenna.

[0046] Figure 12 The gain pattern of the antenna of this invention at 2.2 GHz is given. Similarly, only the gain pattern at a directional angle of 0 degrees is given. It can be seen that the maximum gain at the zenith is 7.5 dBi when there is no metallic interference, and the gain is 1.2 dBi at elevation angles of ±60 degrees. When there is metallic interference, the maximum gain at the zenith is 6.3 dBi, and the gain is 3.6 dBi at elevation angles of ±60 degrees. Therefore, it can also meet the communication requirements for the downlink frequency band.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Additionally, in the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings of this invention, the fill patterns are only for distinguishing layers and do not constitute any other limitation.

[0048] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication, characterized in that, include: The components include a radiating patch (1), an FR4 dielectric substrate (2), an H-groove (3), a power divider (4), an F4B high-frequency board (5), an upper supporting nylon column (6), a lower supporting nylon column (7), an SMA coaxial cable (8), a metal ring (9), and a shaped reflector (10). The shaped reflector (10) is connected to the F4B high-frequency board (5) via the lower supporting nylon column (7), and the F4B high-frequency board (5) is connected to the FR4 dielectric substrate (2) via the upper supporting nylon column (6). The radiating patch (1) is located on the FR4 dielectric substrate. (2) A positive radiation plate is formed on the top. One side of the F4B high-frequency plate (5) is provided with a pair of H-shaped grooves (3) that are symmetrical about the center of the F4B high-frequency plate (5). The other side of the F4B high-frequency plate (5) is provided with a power divider (4). The SMA coaxial cable (8) is provided on the irregular reflector plate (10). The SMA coaxial cable (8) is connected to the power divider (4). The metal ring (9) is provided between the F4B high-frequency plate (5) and the irregular reflector plate (10). The metal ring (9) covers the F4B high-frequency plate (5). The power divider (4) is a Wilkinson power divider; The irregularly shaped reflector (10) is made of aluminum. The metal ring (9) is made of aluminum. The power divider (4) forms a power supply network, which is powered by an SMA coaxial cable (8). The input and output impedances are both 50Ω, the impedance of the 1 / 4 wavelength conversion line is 70.7Ω, and the isolation resistance is 100Ω. Then, two feed lines with a phase difference of 90 degrees are split off to feed the rotationally symmetrical H-shaped slot (3), thereby forming a left-hand circularly polarized wave. The antenna gains are increased by using an aluminum dielectric irregular reflector (10) and a forward radiating plate to improve the antenna’s back and forward radiation. A 90-degree self-phase shift is generated by a Wilkinson power divider and fed to a rotationally symmetrical H-shaped slot (3). At the same time, an aluminum dielectric metal ring (9) is introduced to pre-compensate the metal environment and reduce the influence of the surrounding metal ground plane on the antenna. The aluminum dielectric irregular reflector (10) and the conductive aluminum dielectric metal ring (9) together form a magnetic dipole, which complements the radiation pattern of the feed plate as an electrode, thereby widening the beam and improving the gain at low elevation angles.

2. The wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The F4B high-frequency board (5) is circular in shape and has a dielectric constant of 2.

65.

3. A wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The FR4 dielectric substrate (2) is circular in shape and has a dielectric constant of 4.

4.

4. A wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper supporting nylon column (6) and the lower supporting nylon column (7) have different heights.

5. A wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge of the irregularly shaped reflector (10) is provided with a fixed arc (a) and a fixed hole (b).

6. A wide-beam anti-metal antenna for satellite communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irregularly shaped reflector (10) is provided with an SMA coaxial cable feed hole (c).

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