Self-powered ice measurement device and method of use

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-powered ice measuring device and its usage method. It includes: an ice measuring module; an energy harvesting module connected to a rectification, filtering, and voltage stabilization circuit; the rectification, filtering, and voltage stabilization circuit connected to an energy storage module, an ice measuring module, a control module, and a communication module; the energy storage module connected to the ice measuring module, control module, and communication module; during icing, a motor drives a rotating shaft to rotate coaxially, the control module starts recording the icing mass of a single cylinder, and uploads this data to a backend server via the communication module, where the backend server calculates the actual icing situation; when the transmission line begins to melt, the positive temperature coefficient heating layer is electrically heated via the wire, and due to the effect of the insulation layer, heat is directly transferred to the skin surface to achieve ice melting; this solves the problem of insufficient power supply and difficulty in self-melting caused by the inability of ice measuring devices near transmission lines to harvest power from the conductor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power transmission line icing monitoring technology, and particularly relates to a self-powered icing detector and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Based on the principle of similarity, a rotating cylinder is established to measure the icing mass of the split conductor of the transmission line, and the data is transmitted back to the server backend to calculate the icing mass and condition per unit length of the transmission line in real time. This device is used to measure the icing state of the transmission line.

[0003] Due to varying altitudes and environmental parameters, icing conditions differ, necessitating that the de-icing device be installed at the same height as the power line, which presents challenges in power supply. Traditional online monitoring equipment typically uses conductors for power, but this method cannot power grounded online monitoring devices, posing a risk of breakdown. Partially grounded online monitoring devices can be powered by solar energy, but this cannot provide high-power output and cannot maintain a stable power supply in extreme environments, especially under extreme icing conditions. Furthermore, the de-icing device also requires its own power for de-icing, demanding significantly more energy during de-icing than during normal operation, making solar power insufficient to meet its needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a self-powered ice detector device and its usage method, so as to solve the problem of insufficient power supply and difficulty in self-melting ice caused by the inability of ice detectors near power transmission lines to draw power from the conductors.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: A self-powered ice detector device includes: an ice detection module; the energy extraction module is connected to a rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation circuit; the rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation circuit is connected to an energy storage module, an ice detection module, a control module, and a communication module, respectively; and the energy storage module is connected to the ice detection module, the control module, and the communication module, respectively.

[0006] The energy harvesting module includes a photovoltaic energy harvesting unit and a ground wire energy harvesting unit; the ground wire energy harvesting unit harvests energy through an energy harvesting coil; the energy harvesting coil is installed on the ground wire.

[0007] The ice measuring module adopts a single cylindrical design with a multi-layer coaxial structure inside. From the outside to the inside, it consists of a high thermal conductivity metal skin, a positive temperature coefficient heating layer, a heat insulation layer, and an air layer. The single cylinder is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, which is driven to rotate by a motor.

[0008] The method for determining the energy harvesting module is as follows: First, determine the power of the device in the non-heating state and the power in the heating state. Based on the power in the non-heating state, calculate the photovoltaic energy harvesting area and the core size of the ground wire energy harvesting unit. Then, calculate the ground wire induced current through the ice melting current, and finally determine the size of the energy harvesting core and coil to achieve the power required for self-heating. The total power of photovoltaic energy harvesting and ground wire energy harvesting is greater than the power of the device itself. The energy design of the energy storage module meets the heating power consumption for two hours. The energy storage module is composed of one or more battery packs connected in series and parallel.

[0009] The outer diameter of the metal skin is the same as or similar to the outer diameter of the single-split conductor of the target line.

[0010] A method of using a self-powered ice measuring device, comprising: Step 1: During the non-icing period, install the ice measuring device at the tower grounding wire and complete the installation and wiring of the energy harvesting coil; Step 2: The energy harvesting module adopts a combination of photovoltaic and ground wire energy harvesting. The energy storage module harvests energy through the energy harvesting module, maintaining normal operation while transferring excess energy to the energy storage module. Step 3: During icing, the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate coaxially, and the control module starts recording the icing mass of a single cylinder and uploads the data to the backend server through the communication module. The backend server then calculates the actual icing situation. Step 4: When the transmission line begins to melt ice, the positive temperature coefficient heating layer is electrically heated through the wire. Due to the effect of the insulation layer, the heat is directly transferred to the skin surface to melt the ice. After the ice-testing module and the transmission line have both melted ice, the ice measurement can be performed again.

[0011] When the transmission line begins to melt ice, the ice detector works in sync with the transmission line to melt ice; the ice detector is powered by a combination of photovoltaic, ground wire energy harvesting, and energy storage modules to provide energy for measurement, communication, and ice melting.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention relates to a self-powered rotary ice detector. By measuring the ice accumulation quality near power transmission lines using a rotary ice detector, the icing condition of the transmission lines is calculated based on the principle of similarity. Normally, the rotary ice detector operates under the combined power of a photovoltaic system and a ground wire energy extraction coil, with excess energy fed into an energy storage module. During severe icing, the photovoltaic system essentially stops drawing power, relying instead on the combined power from the energy storage module and the ground wire energy extraction. When the icing reaches a certain level, the power grid initiates active de-icing of the transmission lines. The large de-icing current induces a significant current in the ground wire, which, through the ground wire energy extraction coil, generates substantial power, enabling self-powering under de-icing conditions and ensuring the power requirements for ice removal and de-icing.

[0013] This invention enables the rotating ice measuring device to achieve self-powering and intelligent control and measurement, ensuring that the icing load of transmission lines meets the requirements for safe operation. This prevents icing disasters caused by transmission lines exceeding expectations, thereby improving the early warning capability of transmission lines and avoiding economic losses and social impacts caused by transmission line outages due to ice disasters. At the same time, the self-powering method reduces the loss of ice melting on transmission lines and improves energy utilization.

[0014] This solves the problem of insufficient power supply and difficulty in self-de-icing caused by the inability of ice detection devices near power transmission lines to draw power from the conductors. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main modules of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an overall diagram of the device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation location of the device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in the figures: The ice measuring device mainly includes an ice measuring module, a control module, an energy storage module, an energy harvesting module, and a communication module, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the ice measuring module adopts a rotating ice measuring device structure.

[0017] Communication module: Receives de-icing signals from power transmission lines and sends the collected icing measurement data back to the backend server.

[0018] The installation location of the rotating ice detector was determined, and theoretical calculations were performed on the self-heating module. First, the power output of the device in both the non-heated and heated states was determined. Based on the non-heated power output, the photovoltaic energy harvesting area and the core size for ground wire energy harvesting were initially calculated. Further, the ground wire induced current was calculated using the ice-melting current, and the design of the energy harvesting core and coil was optimized to achieve the power required for self-heating. It should be noted that the total power output of photovoltaic and ground wire energy harvesting must be greater than the device's own power to fully charge the energy storage module within a certain time. The energy design of the energy storage module should meet at least two hours of heating power consumption. The initial dimensions of the device were determined, and the overall dimensions were optimized based on the minimum area of ​​the photovoltaic panels. The energy storage module requires multiple battery packs connected in series and parallel. The distribution of the energy storage modules was then planned according to the overall dimensions to ensure smooth electrical and mechanical connections between the modules.

[0019] S3. During the non-icing period, install the ice measuring device near the tower grounding wire and complete the design, installation, and wiring of the energy harvesting coil, such as... Figure 3 As shown; S4. The energy harvesting module adopts a combination of photovoltaic and ground wire energy harvesting, and an energy storage module is installed inside the rotating ice measuring device. When the environment is good, energy is harvested by photovoltaic panels installed in other positions of the rotating ice measuring device and energy harvesting coils on the ground wire. While maintaining normal operation, excess energy is transferred to the energy storage module. The energy harvesting module specifically includes: a photovoltaic panel, a ground wire energy harvesting coil, and connections to rectifier, voltage regulator, and filter circuits. Both the photovoltaic panel and the ground wire energy harvesting coil are directly connected to the rectifier, voltage regulator, and filter circuits via wires. The circuit converts the AC power from the photovoltaic panel and the ground wire energy harvesting into DC power suitable for device operation and ice melting. The circuit is installed inside the device, while the photovoltaic panel is installed on the device surface, directly facing the sun to improve the solar energy harvesting power. The ground wire energy harvesting coil is directly installed and fixed on a nearby ground wire. The ground wire energy harvesting coil is similar to a wire energy harvesting coil, but because its induced current is usually smaller, its core size is larger than that of a wire energy harvesting coil. For the same energy harvesting power, the cross-sectional area of ​​the core is generally 2 to 3 times that of a wire energy harvesting coil, and the magnetic circuit length of the coil also needs to be 2 to 3 times that of a wire energy harvesting coil.

[0020] The energy storage module uses high-energy-density energy storage capacitors to store as much energy as possible within a limited space. While solar and ground power sources ensure normal operation, the module also provides self-powering capabilities should both solar and ground power sources fail, allowing the device to supply power until it can resume operation.

[0021] In harsh environments, power transmission lines require de-icing, resulting in a large induced current on the ground wire. Ground wire energy extraction serves as the primary power supply method, working in conjunction with the energy storage module to provide the de-icing power required by the rotary ice detector. Through these three methods, the design of the self-powered rotary ice detector device is realized. The ice-measuring module adopts a single cylindrical design with a multi-layer coaxial structure inside. From the outside to the inside, it consists of a high thermal conductivity metal skin, a positive temperature coefficient heating layer, a heat insulation layer, an air layer, and a rotating shaft. The outer diameter of the metal skin is the same as or similar to the outer diameter of the single-split conductor of the target line. During the icing process, the motor drives the high thermal conductivity metal skin, rotating shaft and other components to rotate coaxially, and begins to record the icing mass of a single cylinder, and uploads the data to the backend, where the backend server begins to calculate the actual icing situation. When the transmission line begins to melt ice, in order to ensure that the rotating ice measuring device is consistent with the ice condition of the transmission line, it is necessary to electrically heat the positive temperature coefficient heating layer through the wire. Due to the effect of the heat insulation layer, most of the heat is directly transferred to the skin surface to melt the ice. After the rotating ice measuring device and the transmission line have both melted ice, the ice measurement can be carried out again. Because positive temperature coefficient materials have high heating efficiency, low heating energy consumption, and fast ice melting speed, the overall power consumption of the rotary ice measuring device is not high.

[0022] Specifically, under winter icing conditions, natural winds carry supercooled mist and water droplets, which collide with power transmission lines. The supercooled water and mist droplets freeze and grow into ice on the windward side. Based on this, and using the principle of similarity, a rotating ice-measuring device with the same or proportional equivalent diameter to the target power transmission line conductor is designed to measure, calculate, and record the icing quality of the transmission line conductors. When a set threshold is exceeded, an icing disaster early warning function can be implemented, allowing for timely de-icing of the transmission lines, reducing the risk of power grid disasters, and contributing to the construction of a robust power grid.

[0023] Meanwhile, due to limitations in its size, function, and installation location, the rotating ice detector cannot extract energy via wires, necessitating alternative methods. If the power transmission line begins to melt ice while the ice detector has not, and is not synchronized with the transmission line, its measurement results become meaningless.

[0024] Therefore, the ice measuring device must carry out ice melting work in sync with the power transmission line, which requires a certain amount of energy. Since the power cannot be obtained by wire, the device uses a combination of photovoltaic, ground wire energy extraction, and energy storage modules to provide power for the measurement, communication, and ice melting operations of the rotating ice measuring device. This further improves the energy utilization rate, reduces power transmission line losses, and improves the accuracy of measurements when the power transmission line is covered with ice.

[0025] This invention primarily addresses the problems of insufficient power supply and difficulty in self-melting ice in ice-measuring devices near power transmission lines, caused by the inability of these devices to draw power from the conductors. By using this self-powered rotary ice-measuring device, the problem of insufficient power supply for rotary ice-measuring devices installed at low potential points is solved. This allows for a more streamlined measurement of the ice-covered quality of power transmission lines, and simultaneously enables self-melting via a ground wire energy-drawing coil, ensuring consistency with the melting process of the transmission line and reducing energy consumption.

Claims

1. A self-powered ice measuring device, comprising: An ice-measuring module is characterized by: an energy harvesting module connected to a rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation circuit; the rectification, filtering, and voltage regulation circuits being connected to an energy storage module, an ice-measuring module, a control module, and a communication module, respectively; the energy storage module being connected to the ice-measuring module, the control module, and the communication module, respectively; the energy harvesting module includes a photovoltaic energy harvesting unit and a ground wire energy harvesting unit; the ground wire energy harvesting unit harvests energy through an energy harvesting coil; the energy harvesting coil is installed on the grounding wire; when the transmission line begins to melt ice, the ice-measuring device operates in sync with the transmission line; the combined action of photovoltaic, ground wire energy harvesting, and energy storage modules enables the ice-measuring device to perform measurement, communication, and ice-melting power supply; the ice-measuring module adopts a single cylindrical design, with multiple internal components... The coaxial structure consists of a high thermal conductivity metal skin, a positive temperature coefficient heating layer, a heat insulation layer, and an air layer, arranged from the outside in. A single cylinder is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, which is driven by a motor. The method for determining the energy harvesting module is as follows: First, determine the power of the device in the non-heated state and the power in the heated state. Based on the power in the non-heated state, calculate the photovoltaic energy harvesting area and the core size of the ground wire energy harvesting unit. Further, calculate the ground wire induced current using the de-icing current, and finally determine the size of the energy harvesting core and coil to achieve the power required for self-heating. The total power of photovoltaic energy harvesting and ground wire energy harvesting is greater than the device's own power. The energy design of the energy storage module meets the heating power consumption for two hours. The energy storage module is composed of one or more battery packs connected in series and parallel.

2. The self-powered ice measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the metal skin is the same as or similar to the outer diameter of the single-split conductor of the target line.

3. The method of using the self-powered ice measuring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that... It includes: Step 1: During the non-icing period, install the ice measuring device at the tower grounding wire and complete the installation and wiring of the energy harvesting coil; Step 2: The energy harvesting module adopts a combination of photovoltaic and ground wire energy harvesting. The energy storage module harvests energy through the energy harvesting module, maintaining normal operation while transferring excess energy to the energy storage module. Step 3: During icing, the motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate coaxially, and the control module starts recording the icing mass of a single cylinder and uploads the data to the backend server through the communication module. The backend server then calculates the actual icing situation. Step 4: When the transmission line begins to melt ice, the positive temperature coefficient heating layer is electrically heated through the wire. Due to the effect of the insulation layer, the heat is directly transferred to the skin surface to melt the ice. After the ice-testing module and the transmission line have both melted ice, the ice measurement can be performed again.

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