A stacked drill bit

Abstract

A stacked drill bit is mainly composed of a fluid-guiding shield, a screw sleeve sliding rod, a locking sleeve and a stacked disc unit. During the drilling process of the drill bit, the screw sleeve sections of the stacked disc unit are closely arranged, the drill bit body is a complete spiral body, and the screw sleeve sliding rod is used as the axis to rotate 360 ​​degrees to achieve the crushing of the formation rock; when the drill bit body is stuck due to attached materials, the locking sleeve is unlocked, the screw sleeve section and the stacked disc unit slide axially upward along the rod core with the rod core as the carrier and are in a disconnected state, and the drill bit body becomes a spiral string composed of multiple small spirals. The material stuck in the drill bit body will form a three-dimensional anisotropic rolling process during the deformation of the drill bit body and loosen or further fragment, so as to achieve effective unblocking. The whole process does not require the overall lifting of the drilling tool system. When the stacked disc unit is damaged or severely worn, individual discs are disassembled, exchanged, adjusted, or disassembled and directly replaced, so that the function of the drill bit body can be effectively repaired, which has a high practical engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a stacked drill bit, namely a drilling tool connected to a drill collar through threads, belonging to the technical field of drilling equipment manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] The drill bit is the main tool for breaking rocks to form wells, and the cost of the drill bit accounts for about one-third of the drilling cost. In order to improve the efficiency, anti-sticking and repair performance of the drill bit, from the early scraper bit to the roller bit, PDC drill bit, and even the hybrid drill bit that combines the advantages of the roller bit and PDC drill bit, in addition to the continuous update of the drill bit material, the characteristic structure of the drill bit that realizes the cutting and grinding functions in the rock breaking process is also the focus of drill bit design research and development. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to effectively deal with the problems of drill bit clamping and drill bit repair, the present invention provides a stacked disc drill bit, which is a non-integrated drill bit body formed by assembling a stacked disc unit composed entirely of detachable and replaceable discs. The stepped teeth of the stacked disc unit and the formed spiral stepped ridges play a cutting and grinding role, and the formed spiral stepped grooves play a guiding and chip removal role. The stacked disc unit composed of the discs can change the spatial structural form of the drill bit body under three-dimensional movement to effectively solve the clamping problem of the drill bit body caused by sand settling, well collapse, fallen objects, sand bridges and mud bags. Any damaged disc can be removed and replaced to achieve local rapid repair of the drill bit body.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] The stacked drill bit installed at the end of the drilling system is mainly composed of a liquid guide shield, a screw sleeve sliding rod, a locking sleeve and a stacked disc unit. The liquid guide shield, the locking sleeve and the stacked disc unit all use the screw sleeve sliding rod as the centroid axis of the vertical projection surface, and the stacked disc units are staggered according to the disc ladder teeth, so that the ladder teeth are integrated with spiral ladder ridges, and the disc surface and the stacked surface part that are not stacked are integrated with spiral ladder grooves. During the drilling process of the drill bit, the exposed rod core length of the screw sleeve sliding rod between the fluid guiding shield and the adjacent stacked disc units is maximized, the screw sleeve sections at the stacked disc units are in a continuous arrangement state, all the stacked disc units are closely arranged and fixed and pressed by the locking sleeve, the drill bit body composed of all the stacked disc units and the screw sleeve sliding rod is a complete spiral body, and rotates 360 degrees with the screw sleeve sliding rod as the axis to achieve the crushing of the formation rock; when the drill bit body is stuck and cannot be effectively rotated due to the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges and mud attached to it, the locking sleeve unlocks the fixing and pressing function, the exposed rod core length of the screw sleeve sliding rod between the fluid guiding shield and the adjacent stacked disc units is reduced, the screw sleeve sections assembled with several stacked disc units use the rod core as a carrier and slide axially upward along the rod core, and the screw sleeve sections are disconnected. At this time, the drill bit body becomes a spiral string composed of multiple small spirals. In the process of the drill bit body transforming from a complete spiral to a spiral string, the material stuck in the drill bit will form three-dimensional anisotropic rolling during the deformation process and loosen or further fragment, thereby forming an effective jam, and this process does not require the overall improvement of the drilling tool system. During the drilling operation, due to the different wear degrees of each drill bit disc, the drill bit body will change from the initial columnar complete spiral or spiral string to a complete spiral or spiral string in various forms such as bullet-shaped, olive-shaped, fish-shaped, and gourd-shaped. The transformation between various forms makes the drill bit body present a local thread parabola, which is more conducive to its grinding effect and has a longer service life than the currently used drill bits. Moreover, when a local disc is damaged or severely worn, individual discs can be disassembled, swapped, adjusted, or disassembled and directly replaced, so that the function of the drill bit body can be quickly and effectively repaired.

[0006] The above-mentioned fluid-guiding shield is composed of three parts from top to bottom: a threaded joint, a baffle and a cover surface, and the whole is in the shape of a top hat. The threaded joint is a hollow cylinder that meets the structural strength requirements. The inner and outer walls of the cylinder are processed with threads for connecting the drill collar. The baffle is circular, and the size of the outer boundary circular surface of the vertical projection of the threaded joint is completely consistent. It is integrated with the threaded joint as an end face of the threaded joint and connected; the circular baffle has through holes evenly distributed along the circumference. The holes are circular, square or special-shaped, and are diversion holes for diverting drilling fluids and other fluids; the center of the baffle on the opposite side of the threaded joint is the rod position, which is used to locate and connect to the end face of the threaded sleeve sliding rod. The connection method is welding or other fixing methods. The circular baffle is used as the top end face of the cover surface, and the cover surface is the side wall surface of a variable diameter ring body, that is, the circular boundary of the small end of the cover surface in the shape of the variable diameter ring body and the circular surface outer boundary of the circular baffle are integrally formed and connected; the side wall generatrix of the variable diameter ring body is a straight line or a curve; the projection range of the circular boundary of the large end of the cover surface in the shape of the variable diameter ring body in the vertical direction is smaller than the original rotation surface range of the stacked disk unit disk, and the cover surface forms a protective effect on the drill bit body located below it.

[0007] The screw sleeve sliding rod is composed of a rod core and a screw sleeve section, and the screw sleeve section is multiple in number. The rod core is in the shape of a nail, and is composed of a nearly cylindrical nail rod part and a flat cylinder nail cap part; a plurality of parallel generatrix-direction card paths are evenly distributed on the cylindrical side wall of the rod core nail rod part, and the card paths are integrated with the side wall of the rod core; the cross-section of the rod core nail rod part is a circular ring surface with a cross-shaped card point on the circumference, and the card point is the cross-section of the card path, and the shape of the card point is not limited; the rod core is perpendicular to the baffle of the liquid-conducting shield, wherein the non-nail cap end is on the same side of the baffle as the cover surface of the liquid-conducting shield, and is integrally connected to the rod position of the baffle; the circuit line and assembly control or sensing components can pass through the nail rod part of the rod core; the cross-section of the nail cap part of the rod core is circular, square or special-shaped, and the radius of the inscribed circle of the cross-section is greater than the radius of the center screw hole on the disk surface of the stacked disk unit, and less than the radius of the inscribed circle of the disk surface of the stacked disk unit; the generatrix height of the side wall of the nail cap part is 1 / 2 of the stacking surface height of a stacked disk unit. The screw sleeve section is annular and cylindrical, and is divided into two types, Class I and Class II, according to the height of the generatrix of the side wall of the annular cylinder. There are multiple Class I screw sleeve sections, and the height of the screw sleeve is an integer multiple of the thickness of the stacked disc unit; Class II There is one type of screw sleeve section, and its screw sleeve height is an integer multiple of the thickness of the stacked disc unit minus 1 / 2 of the stacked disc unit stacking surface height; the inner wall of the annular cylinder is evenly distributed with slots parallel to the generatrix direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the slots is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the rod core clamping point, and the screw sleeve section is equipped with a component that triggers its movement, and the component is linked with the control or sensing components installed inside the rod core nail rod part, that is, the screw sleeve section can cooperate with the slot on the inner wall of the screw sleeve section and the clamping channel on the side wall of the rod core to realize the axial upward and downward sliding of the screw sleeve section along the rod core; the outer wall of the annular cylinder is distributed with external threads for assembling the stacked disc unit; during the normal drilling process of the drill bit, the screw sleeve sections are continuously arranged on the rod core, the exposed length of the rod core between the liquid guide shield and the adjacent stacked disc unit is maximized, and all the screw sleeve sections assembled with the stacked disc unit are in a continuous arrangement state, and all the stacked disc units are tightly arranged and fixed and pressed by the locking sleeve. The drill bit body, which is composed of all the stacked disc units and the screw sleeve sliding rod, is a complete spiral body, and rotates 360 degrees with the screw sleeve sliding rod as the axis to achieve the crushing of the formation rock; when the drill bit is stuck and cannot be effectively rotated due to the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges, mud and other materials attached to it, the locking sleeve unlocks the fixed compression function, the exposed rod core length of the screw sleeve sliding rod between the liquid guide shield and the adjacent stacked disc unit is reduced, and the screw sleeve section assembled with several stacked disc units slides axially upward along the rod core with the rod core as the carrier, and each screw sleeve section is disconnected. There is no need to lift the drill rod, and the stacked disc unit can be driven up and down by sliding the screw sleeve section up and down to effectively eliminate the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges, mud and other materials attached to it to achieve unblocking. At this time, the drill bit body becomes a spiral string composed of multiple small spirals.

[0008] The locking sleeve is composed of a brake ring and a ring rail. The ring rail is made of a rigid material and is in the shape of a ring cylinder. The outer boundary of the ring in the cross section is square, circular or anisotropic, and the inner circle boundary is circular. The inner wall of the ring cylinder of the ring rail has a thread that matches the brake ring. The brake ring is a shrinkable inflatable silicone ring in the shape of a ring cylinder. The outer boundary of the ring in the cross section is circular. The outer wall of the ring cylinder of the brake ring has an external thread that matches the thread of the inner wall of the ring cylinder of the ring rail. The shape of the inner circle boundary coincides with the cross-sectional boundary of the core nail rod of the screw sleeve sliding rod; the brake ring is hollow inside, and the end face of the brake ring has air holes, hole valves and air pipes connected to the internal hollow area. The air pipe can be assembled in the drilling system and supplied with air by an external unit device. The orifice valve is opened and starts to supply air. After the gas enters the hollow area of ​​the brake ring through the air hole through the air pipe and expands the brake ring, the orifice valve is closed and the air supply is stopped. The inner ring side wall of the brake ring clamps the rod core nail rod part to achieve the locking effect on the screw sleeve section assembled on the screw sleeve sliding rod and located below the locking sleeve; the orifice valve is opened and no air is supplied. The inflation gas in the hollow area of ​​the brake ring is released through the air hole, the orifice valve and the air pipe in turn. The brake ring contracts so that its inner ring side wall is no longer clamped on the rod core nail rod part, so as to achieve the unlocking effect on the screw sleeve section assembled on the screw sleeve sliding rod and located below the locking sleeve.

[0009] The above-mentioned stacked disk unit is formed by stacking an even number of disks. The stacked disk units are of two types: end stacked disk units and non-end stacked disk units. The number of end stacked disk units is one, and the number of non-end stacked disk units is multiple. The disk is made of polycrystalline diamond composite material, the thickness of the disk is uniform, and the shape of the disk is a Reuleaux triangle or an equi-arc polygon. Each arc of the equi-arc polygon has an equal radius of curvature. The arc of the equi-arc polygon takes the centroid of the regular polygon as the arc center, and takes two adjacent vertices of the polygon as the arc endpoints. The curvature radius of the arc is greater than the curvature radius of the circumscribed circle of the regular polygon. A fixed number of disks are stacked opposite to form a stacked disk unit. The disks in the stacked disk unit are fixed by welding points or other means. The shape of the disk is the shape of the disk surface of the stacked disk unit, and the circumferential thickness surface of each disk surface of the stack is the stacking surface of the stacked disk. There are two types of discs: Class I discs and Class II discs. Class I discs, which are non-end stacked disc units, have a cylindrical hole at their centroid. The inner wall of the cylindrical hole at the centroid of each Class I disc after stacking has an internal thread that matches the external thread of the screw sleeve sliding rod screw sleeve section. The non-end stacked disc unit is used to assemble the Class I screw sleeve section. The two end faces of the screw sleeve section are coplanar with the discs at both ends of the stacked disc unit. The discs of the end stacked disc unit have Class I discs on one side and Class II discs on the other side. The two types of discs each account for 1 / 2 of the number of discs in the stacked disc unit. The centroid hole of Class I disc is the same as that of the disc of non-end stacked disc unit; 1 / 2 of the discs near the core nail cap part of the screw sleeve sliding rod are Class II discs, the centroid hole of Class II disc coincides with the cross-section of the core nail cap part, and the inner wall of the hole has no thread, that is, when the end stacked disc unit is assembled with the Class II screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod, the disc surface on one side of the core nail cap part of the screw sleeve sliding rod is coplanar with the end surface of the core nail cap.

[0010] The intersection angles of adjacent arc edges of the discs in the height direction of the stacking surface of the disc unit form the ladder teeth of the disc unit, and the vertex of the intersection angle of adjacent arc edges of the discs is the ladder tooth cusp point. A fixed number of disc units are assembled with the screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod in a ladder tooth staggered angle arrangement, that is, the vertical projection of the disc centroid of the disc unit is used as the angle vertex, ensuring that the angle formed by the vertical projection points of the ladder tooth cusp points of adjacent disc units and the line connecting the angle vertices is 3N degrees, where N is a natural number of 1-6; on the premise that (360 / M) / 3N is an integer, where M is 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, adjacent disc units are assembled with the screw sleeve section in a ladder tooth staggered angle arrangement, and (360 / M) / 3N disc units ensure that the drill body has ladder teeth distributed 360 degrees around the entire circumference, and the line connecting the ladder tooth cusp points forms a spiral ladder ridge of the drill body, and the spiral ladder groove of the drill body is formed between adjacent ladder ridges. Therefore, the surface of the drill bit body composed of the stacked disc unit and the screw sleeve sliding rod has three-dimensional spiral ridges and spiral grooves. The ridges are equivalent to the teeth of the drill bit, and the teeth and ridges are equivalent to the knives of the drill bit. The ridges and teeth play the role of drilling, cutting and grinding rocks, and the grooves play the role of guiding fluids such as drilling fluids and removing chips.

[0011] During the drilling process of the drill bit, the sleeve segments of the sleeve sliding rod are arranged closely in sequence at the end of the sleeve sliding rod near the rod core nail cap, the exposed rod core length of the sleeve sliding rod between the liquid guide shield and the adjacent stacked disc unit is maximized, all the stacked disc units are closely arranged and fixed and pressed by the locking sleeve, at this time the drill bit body is a complete spiral body, and rotates 360 degrees with the sleeve sliding rod as the axis to achieve the crushing of the formation rock; when the drill bit is stuck and cannot be effectively rotated due to the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges and mud attached to it, the sensing element links the controller to control the locking sleeve to unlock the fixing and pressing function, the exposed rod core length of the sleeve sliding rod between the liquid guide shield and the adjacent stacked disc unit is reduced, the sleeve segment serves as a carrier for separation between the stacked disc units, and the sleeve sliding rod core serves as a carrier for the sleeve segment to slide, each sleeve segment slides axially upward along the rod core and causes the originally closely arranged sleeve segments to be disconnected, at this time the drill bit body becomes a spiral string composed of multiple small spirals. In the process of the drill bit body transforming from a complete spiral body to a spiral string, the material stuck in the drill bit will form three-dimensional anisotropic crushing during the deformation process and loosen or further fragment, thereby forming an effective way to release the jam.

[0012] The present invention adopts a stacked-plate structure drill bit with a non-integrated drill bit body, and forms a stacked-plate unit by stacking discs. The stacked-plate unit is assembled to the screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod according to the principle of ladder tooth misalignment to form a drill bit body with three-dimensional spiral ladder ridges and spiral ladder grooves. This not only ensures the drilling, cutting, grinding and other functions of the drill bit body, but also the function of guiding drilling fluids and other fluids and the chip removal function. Compared with the prior art, the stacked-plate structure drill bit of the present invention realizes the guidance of drilling fluids and other fluids and the protection of the drill bit body through a fluid guiding shield, and realizes the conversion of the drill bit body into two states of "complete spiral body" and "spiral string" through the locking and unlocking of the locking sleeve and the upward and downward sliding of the screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod along the axial direction of the rod core. The drill bit body jam-free process does not require the overall lifting of the drilling tool system; the wear of the stacked disc unit discs produced during the drilling operation of the drill bit body causes the drill bit body to change from the original columnar complete spiral or spiral string to a complete spiral or spiral string in various forms such as bullet-shaped, olive-shaped, fish-shaped, and gourd-shaped. The transformation between various forms makes the drill bit body present a local thread parabola, which is more conducive to its grinding effect and has a longer service life than the currently used drill bits. Moreover, when local discs are damaged or severely worn, individual discs can be disassembled and replaced or disassembled and directly replaced, so that the function of the drill bit body can be quickly and effectively repaired. The drill bit body deformation and jam-free characteristics caused by the sliding of the drill bit component unit and the easy repair characteristics of the drill bit body make it have strong practical engineering applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the stacked drill bit structure.

[0014] Figure 2 It is a perspective view of the liquid-conducting shield structure.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a top view of the liquid guiding shield.

[0016] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screw sleeve sliding rod and the rod core.

[0017] Figure 5 It is a partial schematic diagram of the screw sleeve sliding rod when the screw sleeve section is connected and disconnected.

[0018] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the lock sleeve structure.

[0019] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the stacked disc unit structure.

[0020] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the end stack unit structure.

[0021] Fig. 9 It is a bottom view of the drill body composed of stacked disc units.

[0022] Fig.10 It is a top perspective view of a stacked drill bit.

[0023] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the Leroy triangle disk.

[0024] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of other shaped disks.

[0025] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the drill bit structure in the spiral string state.

[0026] In the figure: 1. stacked disc unit, 2. locking sleeve, 3. screw sleeve sliding rod, 4. liquid guide shield, 11. disc surface, 12. stacked surface, 13. disc center screw hole, 21. brake ring, 22. ring rail, 31. rod core, 32. screw sleeve section, 41. baffle, 42. cover surface, 43. rod position, 44. diversion hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The stacked disc drill bit in the embodiment of the present invention is mainly composed of a liquid guide shield, a locking sleeve and a drill body, and the drill body includes a threaded sleeve sliding rod and a stacked disc unit formed by a stack of discs.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present invention, the threaded joint of the liquid-conducting shield is a hollow cylinder that meets the structural strength requirements, and both the inner and outer walls of the cylinder are processed with threads.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present invention, the baffle of the liquid-conducting shield is circular, and is completely consistent with the outer boundary circular surface size of the vertical projection of the threaded joint, and is integrally formed and connected with the threaded joint as an end surface of the threaded joint. The through hole of the circular baffle is circular, square or special-shaped.

[0030] In the embodiment of the present invention, the cover surface of the liquid-guiding shield is a side wall surface of a variable diameter ring body, and the cover surface and the threaded joint are respectively located on both sides of the circular baffle. The side wall generatrix of the variable diameter ring body of the cover surface is a straight line or a curve; the projection range of the circular boundary of the large opening end of the variable diameter ring body of the cover surface in the vertical direction is smaller than the original rotation surface range of the stacked disk unit disk.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, the screw sleeve sliding rod is composed of a rod core and a screw sleeve section. There are multiple screw sleeve sections, which are divided into Class I screw sleeve sections and Class II screw sleeve sections. The rod core is nail-shaped, consisting of a nearly cylindrical nail rod part and a flat cylindrical nail cap part.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present invention, the cylindrical side wall of the rod core nail rod portion of the screw sleeve sliding rod is evenly distributed with multiple parallel generatrix direction clamping paths, and its cross section is a circular ring surface with a cross-shaped clamping point on the circumference, and the shape of the clamping point is not limited. The inside of the rod core nail rod portion can pass through circuit lines and assemble control or sensing components.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the rod core nail cap part of the screw sleeve sliding rod is circular, square or special-shaped, and the radius of the inscribed circle of the cross-section is larger than the radius of the center screw hole on the disk surface of the stacked disk unit, and smaller than the radius of the inscribed circle of the disk surface of the stacked disk unit. The height of the generatrix of the side wall of the nail cap part is 1 / 2 of the height of the stack surface of a stacked disk unit.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present invention, the screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod is an annular column, and there are multiple Class I screw sleeve sections, and the screw sleeve height is an integer multiple of the thickness of the stacked disc unit; there is only one Class II screw sleeve section, and the screw sleeve height is an integer multiple of the thickness of the stacked disc unit minus 1 / 2 of the stacking surface height of the stacked disc unit. The inner side wall of the screw sleeve section annular column is evenly distributed with card grooves parallel to the generatrix direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the card groove is consistent with the shape of the rod core card point; the outer side wall of the annular column is distributed with external threads. The screw sleeve section is equipped with elements such as triggering its movement, and the elements are linked with control or sensing elements installed inside the rod core nail rod part.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present invention, the lock sleeve is composed of a brake ring and a ring rail. The ring rail is made of a rigid material and is in the shape of a ring cylinder. The outer boundary of the ring ring in the cross section is square, circular or anisotropic, the inner circle boundary is circular, and the inner wall of the ring cylinder of the ring rail has a thread that matches the brake ring. The brake ring is a shrinkable inflatable silicone ring in the shape of a ring cylinder. The outer boundary of the ring ring in the cross section is circular, and the outer wall of the ring cylinder of the brake ring has an external thread that matches the thread of the inner wall of the ring cylinder of the ring rail. The shape of the inner circle boundary is consistent with the cross-sectional boundary of the nail rod part of the screw sleeve sliding rod core; the inner area of ​​the brake ring is hollow, and the end face of the brake ring has air holes, hole valves and air pipes connected to the inner hollow area.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, the stacked disk unit is formed by stacking an even number of disks in a right-facing manner, the number of the end stacked disk unit is one, and the number of the non-end stacked disk units is multiple.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present invention, the disc of the stacked disc unit is made of polycrystalline diamond composite material, the thickness of the disc is uniform, and the shape of the disc is a Leroy triangle or other equiarc polygon, and the radius of curvature of the arc of the equiarc polygon is greater than the radius of curvature of the circumscribed circle of the regular polygon. The disc of the non-end stacked disc unit, that is, the type I disc, has an inner thread on the inner side wall of the centroid cylindrical hole that matches the outer thread of the type I screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod; in the end stacked disc unit assembled with the type II screw sleeve section, the type I disc and the type II disc are respectively located on both sides, and the number of each is 1 / 2 of the number of discs in the stacked disc unit. The centroid hole of the type I disc is the same as that of the disc of the non-end stacked disc unit; the type II disc, when assembled, is close to one end of the rod core nail cap part of the screw sleeve sliding rod, and its centroid hole coincides with the cross-section of the rod core nail cap part, and there is no thread on the inner side wall of the hole.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present invention, the intersection angle of adjacent arc edges of the stacked disc unit in the stacked disc unit stacking surface height direction forms the ladder teeth of the stacked disc unit, and the vertex of the intersection angle of adjacent arc edges of the disc is the ladder tooth cusp. The vertical projection of the centroid of the disc is used as the angle vertex to ensure that the angle formed by the vertical projection points of the ladder tooth cusp points of adjacent stacked disc units and the angle vertex connection line is 3N degrees, where N is a natural number of 1-6; under the premise of ensuring that (360 / M) / 3N is an integer, where M is 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, the stacked disc unit and the screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod are assembled with ladder teeth at staggered angles.

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention:

[0040] The rotation speed of the drill body is monitored by a speed monitoring sensor. When the rotation speed suddenly drops and the drill body is stuck, the linkage controller unlocks the lock sleeve, and the sleeve section of the sleeve sliding rod drives the stacked disc unit assembled with the sleeve section to slide up and down along the rod core axially, thereby realizing a stacked drill bit that switches the drill body between the two states of "complete spiral body" and "spiral string". The schematic diagram and top perspective diagram of the stacked drill bit structure are shown in the following figure respectively. Figure 1 and Fig.10 As shown, the perspective view and top view of the liquid-conducting shield structure are respectively as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the schematic diagram of the screw sleeve sliding rod and the rod core structure is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the local schematic diagram of the screw sleeve sliding rod in the screw sleeve section connection and disconnection state is as shown Figure 5 As shown, the schematic diagram of the lock sleeve structure is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the structural schematic diagrams of the non-end stacking unit and the end stacking unit are respectively as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the bottom view of the drill body composed of the stacked disc unit is as shown Fig. 9 As shown, the schematic diagrams of the Leroy triangle disk and other shaped disks are shown in Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, the schematic diagram of the drill bit structure in the spiral string state is as follows Fig.13As shown. A fixed number of Class I discs are stacked in a positive direction to form a non-end stacked disc unit, 1 / 2 of a fixed number of Class I discs and 1 / 2 of a fixed number of Class II discs are stacked in a positive direction to form an end stacked disc unit, and the discs in the stacked disc unit are fixed by welding points or other means. The shape of the disc is the shape of the disc surface (11) of the stacked disc unit (1), the thickness surface of the disc stack is the stacking surface of the stacked disc unit (1), and the center hole of the stacked disc unit (1) with an internal thread that matches the external thread of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) and the screw sleeve section (32) is processed, that is, the center screw hole (13) of the stacked disc unit (1). The screw sleeve section (32) is assembled on the nail-shaped rod core (31) of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) in the order of one type II screw sleeve section and a plurality of type I screw sleeve sections. The inner wall groove of the screw sleeve section (32) matches with the groove on the side wall of the rod core (31). The type II screw sleeve section is located at the end of the nail cap portion of the nail-shaped rod core (31) of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3). The screw sleeve section (32) is equipped with a component for triggering its movement. Such component is linked to a control or sensing component installed inside the nail rod portion of the rod core (31). That is, the screw sleeve section (32) can match with the groove on the inner wall of the screw sleeve section (32) through the groove on the inner wall of the screw sleeve section (32) to realize the screw sleeve section (31) sliding up and down along the rod core (32) in the axial direction. The stacked disc unit (1) is threadedly connected to the external thread of the screw sleeve section (32) through the center screw hole (13), and the total height of the screw sleeve section (32) is equal to the total thickness of the stacked surface (12) of the stacked disc unit (1). The first stacked disc unit of the type II screw sleeve section close to the end of the nail cap part of the rod core (31) is the end stacked disc unit, and the type II disc side of the end stacked disc unit faces the end of the nail cap part of the rod core (31), the center hole of the type II disc coincides with the cross-section of the nail cap part of the rod core (31), and the inner wall of the hole has no thread, so as to ensure that when the end stacked disc unit is assembled with the type II screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3), the disc surface (11) located at the end face of the nail cap part of the rod core (31) of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) and the end face of the nail cap part of the rod core (31) are coplanar. All but one end stacking disc unit are non-end stacking disc units. The stacking disc units (1) are threadedly connected and assembled with the screw sleeve sections (31) of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) in a staggered angle manner, so that the drill bit body composed of the stacking disc unit (1) and the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) is provided with ladder teeth distributed 360 degrees around the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) as an axis. The line connecting the tooth tips of the ladder teeth forms a spiral ladder ridge, and spiral ladder grooves are formed between adjacent ladder ridges. That is, the drill bit body surface formed by the stacking disc unit (1) and the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) has three-dimensional spiral ladder ridges and spiral ladder grooves, and the ladder teeth are equivalent to the teeth of the drill bit, and the ladder ridges are equivalent to the cutters of the drill bit. The ladder teeth and the ladder ridges play the role of drilling, cutting, grinding, etc. on the rock, and the ladder grooves play the role of guiding the drilling fluid and other fluids and removing chips. The type II screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) is assembled with a lock sleeve (2) at the end facing the liquid guide shield (4), and the brake ring (21) and the ring rail (22) of the lock sleeve (2) are connected by threads.By controlling the air valve of the brake ring (21), gas is supplied and released to the hollow area inside the brake ring (21), so as to utilize the expansion and contraction of the brake ring (21) to realize the locking and unlocking relationship of the locking sleeve (2) to the screw sleeve section (32) on the rod core (31) of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3). The cover surface (42) and the threaded joint of the liquid guide shield (4) are respectively located on both sides of the circular baffle (41), and the cover surface (41) forms a protective effect on the drill bit body located below it. The end of the non-nail cap part of the rod core (31) of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) is fixedly connected to the rod position (43) at the center of the baffle (41) of the liquid guide shield (4) by welding or other means, and the rod core (31) is perpendicular to the baffle (41) of the liquid guide shield (4), and the nail rod part of the rod core (31) can pass through the circuit line and assemble control or sensing components. The circular baffle (41) of the fluid-conducting shield (4) has flow-conducting holes (44) evenly distributed along the circumference for conducting fluids such as drilling fluid.

[0041] During normal drilling of the drill bit, the drilling fluid flows downward from the threaded joint side through the guide hole (44) on the baffle plate (41) to the drill bit body in the liquid guide shield (4). The screw sleeve sections (32) of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) are arranged continuously on the rod core (31), and the continuously arranged screw sleeve sections (32) are close to the nail cap part end of the rod core (31). The length of the rod core (31) exposed between the liquid guide shield (4) and the nearest stacked disc unit (1) is maximized. All stacked disc units (1) are closely arranged, and the screw sleeve sections (32) assembled with the stacked disc units (1) are in a continuous stacking state. The air pipe at the end surface of the lock sleeve (2) brake ring (21) runs through the drilling tool system and is supplied with air by the external equipment unit. The hole valve located at the end surface of the lock sleeve (2) brake ring (21) and connected to the air pipe is opened. The gas enters the hollow area of ​​the brake ring (41) through the air pipe through the air hole located at the end surface of the lock sleeve (2) brake ring (21) connected to the hole valve, and expands the brake ring (41). The inner ring side wall of the brake ring (41) clamps the rod core (31) nail rod part of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) to achieve the locking effect of the screw sleeve section (32) assembled on the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) and located below the lock sleeve (2). After locking, the hole valve is in a closed state. At this time, the drill bit body composed of all the stacked disc units (1) and the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) is a complete spiral body, and rotates 360 degrees with the screw sleeve sliding rod (2) as the axis, thereby achieving the crushing of the formation rock.

[0042] When the drill body is stuck due to a sudden drop in the rotation speed of the drill body detected by the speed monitoring sensor, the linkage controller opens the orifice valve located at the end face of the brake ring (21) of the lock sleeve (2), and the gas in the hollow area inside the brake ring (41) is released through the air hole, the orifice valve, and the air pipe in sequence, and the brake ring (41) contracts so that its inner ring side wall is no longer stuck to the rod core (31) of the screw sleeve sliding rod (3), so as to achieve the unlocking effect of the screw sleeve section (32) assembled on the screw sleeve sliding rod (3) and located below the lock sleeve (2), and the orifice valve is in a closed state after unlocking. At the same time, the controller triggers all the screw sleeve sections (32) to slide upward along the rod core (31), and the length of the exposed rod core (31) between the liquid guide shield (4) and the stacked disc unit (1) closest to it is continuously reduced. The screw sleeve sections (32) are no longer in a state of continuous arrangement on the rod core (31), and the rod core between the screw sleeve sections (32) is in a state of intermittent exposure, and drives the stacked disc unit (1) assembled therewith to realize the transformation of the drill bit body from a "complete spiral body" state to a "spiral string" state composed of multiple small spirals. The controller controls the screw sleeve sections (32) to slide up and down along the rod core (31), so that the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges, mud and other materials attached to the drill bit body are released by throwing, shaking, throwing, vibrating, or even three-dimensional anisotropic rolling. This release method does not require lifting the drill rod, and can effectively eliminate the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges, mud and other materials attached to it.

[0043] The normal wear of the stacked disc unit (1) produced by the drill bit body during the drilling operation causes the drill bit body to change from the initial columnar "complete spiral" or "spiral string" to a variety of forms such as bullet-shaped, olive-shaped, fish-shaped, and gourd-shaped "complete spiral" or "spiral string". The transformation between the various forms makes the drill bit body present a local thread paraboloid, which is more conducive to its grinding function and has a longer service life than the currently used drill bits. Moreover, when a part of the stacked disc unit (1) of the drill bit body, or even individual discs, are damaged or severely worn, the individual discs can be disassembled and replaced or disassembled and directly replaced, so that the function of the drill bit body can be quickly and effectively repaired.

Claims

1. A stacked drill bit, comprising a liquid guide shield, a screw sleeve sliding rod, a locking sleeve and a stacked disc unit, wherein the top hat-shaped liquid guide shield is composed of a threaded joint, a baffle and a cover surface from top to bottom, the screw sleeve sliding rod is composed of a rod core and a screw sleeve section, the locking sleeve is composed of a brake ring and a ring rail, and the stacked disc unit is composed of a stack of discs, and is characterized by: The intersection angles of adjacent arc edges of the discs in the height direction of the stacking surface of the stacking disc unit form the ladder teeth of the stacking disc unit, and the vertex of the intersection angle of adjacent arc edges of the discs is the ladder tooth tip point; the liquid guide shield, the locking sleeve and the stacking disc unit all use the screw sleeve sliding rod as the centroid axis of the vertical projection surface, and the stacking disc units are assembled according to the ladder tooth misalignment principle, so that the ladder teeth distributed 360 degrees on the surface of the drill bit body are integrated with spiral ladder ridges, and the disc surface and stacking surface that are not stacked between two adjacent ladder ridges are integrated with spiral ladder grooves; during the drilling process of the drill bit, all the stacking disc units assembled with the screw sleeve section are closely arranged and fixed and pressed by the locking sleeve. At this time, the drill bit body is a complete spiral body and rotates 360 degrees with the screw sleeve sliding rod as the axis to achieve the crushing of the formation rock; When the drill bit body is stuck and cannot rotate effectively due to the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges and mud attached to it, the locking sleeve unlocks the fixing and pressing function, and the screw sleeve section slides axially upward along the rod core with the rod core as the carrier and is in a disconnected state. At this time, the drill bit body becomes a spiral string composed of multiple small spirals. In the process of the drill bit body transforming from a complete spiral body to a spiral string, the material stuck in the drill bit body will be loosened or broken due to throwing, shaking, throwing and vibration during the deformation of the drill bit body, and then detached from the drill bit body to achieve effective unblocking, and this process does not require the overall lifting operation of the drilling tool system. During the drilling operation, due to the different wear degrees of each stacked disc unit, the drill bit body will change from the initial columnar complete spiral body or spiral string to a complete spiral body or spiral string in the shape of a bullet, olive, fish or gourd. During the transformation between the various forms, the drill bit body presents a local thread paraboloid, which is more conducive to its grinding function. When individual discs are damaged, the individual discs can be disassembled and replaced or disassembled and directly replaced so that the function of the drill bit body can be quickly and effectively repaired.

2. According to a stacked drill bit as described in claim 1, the fluid-guiding shield threaded joint is a hollow cylinder that meets the structural strength requirements, and the inner and outer walls of the cylinder are both processed with threads for connecting the drill collar; the baffle is circular, and the size of the outer boundary circular surface of the vertical projection of the threaded joint is completely consistent, and it is integrally formed and connected as an end face of the threaded joint; the circular baffle is evenly distributed along the circumference with diversion holes for diverting the drilling fluid, and the holes are circular, square or special-shaped; the cover surface and the threaded joint are respectively located on both sides of the circular baffle, and the baffle serves as the top end face of the cover surface, and the cover surface is The side wall surface of a reducing ring body, that is, the circular boundary of the small end of the reducing ring body-shaped cover surface and the outer boundary of the circular surface of the circular baffle are integrally formed and connected, the generatrix of the side wall of the reducing ring body is a straight line or a curve, the projection range of the circular boundary of the large end of the reducing ring body-shaped cover surface in the vertical direction is smaller than the original rotation surface range of the stacked disk unit disk, and the cover surface forms a protective effect on the drill bit body located below it; the center of the baffle on the opposite side of the threaded joint is the rod position, which is used to locate the end face on the non-nail cap side of the rod core connected to the screw sleeve sliding rod, and the connection method is welding or other fixing methods.

3. A stacked drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the core of the screw sleeve sliding rod is in the shape of a nail, and is composed of a nearly cylindrical nail rod part and a flat cylindrical nail cap part; the cylindrical side wall of the rod core nail rod part is evenly distributed with a plurality of parallel generatrix direction card paths, and the card paths are integrally formed with the side wall of the rod core; the cross-section of the rod core nail rod part is a circular ring surface with a cross-shaped card point on the circumference, and the card point is the cross-section of the card path, and the shape of the card point is not limited; the rod core is perpendicular to the baffle of the liquid-conducting shield, wherein the non-nail cap end is integrally connected to the rod position of the baffle on one side of the cover surface of the liquid-conducting shield; the circuit line and the assembly control or sensing element can pass through the inside of the rod core nail rod part; the cross-section of the rod core nail cap part is circular, square or special-shaped, the maximum inscribed circle radius of the cross-section is greater than the radius of the center screw hole on the disk surface of the stacked disk unit, and the generatrix height of the side wall of the nail cap part is 1 / 2 of the stacking height of a stacked disk unit.

4. A stacked drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the number of the screw sleeve sliding rod screw sleeve sections is multiple, and the screw sleeve sections are in the form of an annular cylinder, and are divided into two types, Class I and Class II, according to the generatrix height of the side wall of the annular cylinder; there are multiple Class I screw sleeve sections, and the screw sleeve height is an integer multiple of the thickness of the stacked disc unit, and there is one Class II screw sleeve section, and the screw sleeve height is an integer multiple of the thickness of the stacked disc unit minus 1 / 2 of the stacking height of the stacked disc unit; the inner side wall of the annular cylinder is evenly distributed with card grooves parallel to the generatrix direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the card grooves is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the rod core card channel, and an element that triggers its movement is installed inside the screw sleeve section, and this element is linked to the control or sensing element installed inside the rod core nail rod part, that is, the screw sleeve section can cooperate with the card channel of the side wall of the rod core through its inner side wall card groove to realize the screw sleeve section to slide axially up and down along the rod core; the outer side wall of the annular cylinder is distributed with external threads for assembling the stacked disc unit; characterized in that: During the normal drilling process of the drill bit, the screw sleeve sections are continuously arranged on the rod core, the exposed rod core length between the liquid guide shield and the adjacent stacked disc unit is maximized, the screw sleeve sections at the stacked disc unit are continuously arranged, all the screw sleeve sections and stacked disc units are closely arranged and fixed and pressed by the locking sleeve, the drill bit body composed of all the stacked disc units and the screw sleeve sliding rod is a complete spiral body, and it rotates 360 degrees with the screw sleeve sliding rod as the axis to achieve the crushing of the formation rock; when the drill bit is stuck due to the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges and mud attached to it and cannot rotate effectively , the locking sleeve unlocks the fixing and pressing function, the length of the rod core exposed between the liquid guide shield and the adjacent stacked disc unit is reduced, and the screw sleeve section assembled with several stacked disc units slides axially upward along the rod core with the rod core as the carrier, and the screw sleeve sections are disconnected; there is no need to lift the drill pipe, and the stacked disc unit can be driven up and down by the up and down sliding of the screw sleeve section to effectively eliminate the sediment, fallen objects, sand bridges and mud attached to it to achieve unblocking. At this time, the drill bit body is converted between the two states of a complete spiral body and a spiral string composed of multiple small spiral bodies.

5. A stacked drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the locking sleeve ring rail is made of rigid material and is in the shape of a ring cylinder. The outer boundary of the ring ring in the cross section is square, circular or anisotropic, and the inner circle boundary is circular. The inner wall of the ring cylinder of the ring rail has a thread that matches the brake ring. The locking sleeve brake ring is a shrinkable inflatable silicone ring in the shape of a ring cylinder. The outer boundary of the ring ring in the cross section is circular. The outer wall of the ring cylinder of the brake ring has an external thread that matches the thread of the inner wall of the ring cylinder of the ring rail. The shape of the inner circle boundary is consistent with the cross-sectional boundary of the core nail rod of the screw sleeve sliding rod. The inner area of ​​the brake ring is hollow. There are sequentially connected air holes, orifice valves and air pipes at the end face of the brake ring. The air pipe is extended and assembled in the drilling tool system and supplied with air by an external equipment unit. It is characterized in that: The orifice valve is opened and air supply begins. Gas enters the hollow area of ​​the brake ring from the air pipe through the air hole of the orifice valve and expands the brake ring. The inner ring side wall of the brake ring clamps the rod core nail rod part to achieve the locking effect on the screw sleeve section and the stacked disc unit assembled on the screw sleeve sliding rod below the locking sleeve. Then the orifice valve is closed and air supply is stopped; the orifice valve is opened and no air is supplied. The inflation gas in the hollow area of ​​the brake ring is released through the air hole, the orifice valve and the air pipe in turn. After the brake ring contracts, the inner ring side wall is no longer clamped on the rod core nail rod part to achieve the unlocking effect on the screw sleeve section and the stacked disc unit assembled on the screw sleeve sliding rod below the locking sleeve.

6. A stacked drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the stacked disc unit is formed by stacking an even number of discs in a positive direction, and the stacked disc unit has two types: an end stacked disc unit and a non-end stacked disc unit, with one end stacked disc unit and a plurality of non-end stacked disc units; an even number of discs are stacked in a positive direction to form a stacked disc unit, and the discs in the stacked disc unit are fixed by welding points or other means, the shape of the disc is the shape of the disc surface of the stacked disc unit, and the circumferential thickness surface of each disc surface of the stack is the stacking surface of the stacked disc; a fixed number of stacked disc units are assembled with the sleeve section of the sleeve sliding rod in a stepped tooth staggered angle manner, that is, the vertical projection of the centroid of the stacked disc unit is used as the angular vertex, ensuring that the angles formed by the vertical projection points of the ladder tooth tips of adjacent stacked disc units and the lines connecting the angular vertices are 3N degrees, wherein N is a natural number from 1 to 6, and under the premise that (360 / M) / 3N is an integer, wherein M is 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, and the stacking is performed in a stepped tooth staggered angle manner, (360 / M) / 3N Each stacked disc unit can ensure that the surface of the drill body is distributed with ladder teeth at 360 degrees around the drill body. The line connecting the ladder tooth tips integrates the spiral ladder ridge of the drill body, and a spiral ladder groove is formed between adjacent ladder ridges. Its characteristics are: The surface of the drill bit body, which is composed of the stacked disc unit and the screw sleeve sliding rod, has three-dimensional spiral ridges and spiral grooves. The ridge teeth are equivalent to the teeth of the drill bit, and the ridges are equivalent to the cutters of the drill bit. The ridges and teeth play a role in drilling, cutting and grinding the rock, and the grooves play a role in guiding the drilling fluid and removing chips.

7. A stacked drill bit according to claim 6, wherein the disks of the stacked disk unit are made of polycrystalline diamond composite material, have uniform thickness, and are of two types: Class I disks and Class II disks. The disks are equi-arc polygons, each arc of the equi-arc polygon has an equal radius of curvature, the arc of the equi-arc polygon takes the centroid of the regular polygon as the arc center, and takes two adjacent vertices of the polygon as the arc endpoints, and the curvature radius of the arc is greater than the curvature radius of the circumscribed circle of the regular polygon; the Class I disks of the non-end stacked disk unit have a cylindrical hole at the centroid, and the inner side walls of the cylindrical holes at the centroids of each stacked disk are processed with internal threads that match the external threads distributed on the outer side walls of the thread sleeve sliding rod thread sleeve segment ring cylinder, that is, the non-end stacked disk unit is assembled with the Class I thread sleeve segment, and the two end faces of the Class I thread sleeve segment are coplanar with the disks at the outer ends of the stacked disk unit located at its end faces; in the disks of the end stacked disk unit, the Class I disks and the Class II There are two types of disks on each side, and each occupies 1 / 2 of the number of disks in the stacked disk unit group, among which the centroid hole of the type I disk is the same as the disk of the non-end stacked disk unit, and the centroid hole of the type II disk on the side close to the core nail cap part of the screw sleeve sliding rod is consistent with the cross-section of the core nail cap part, and the inner wall of the hole has no thread, that is, to ensure that when the end stacked disk unit is assembled with the type II screw sleeve section of the screw sleeve sliding rod, the stacked disk unit disk surface located on the end face of the core nail cap part of the screw sleeve sliding rod and the end face of the core nail cap are coplanar.

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