An experimental device and experimental method for measuring seepage flow rate

Abstract

The application discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for measuring seepage flow velocity, and the device comprises a shell which is a columnar body, the top plate of the shell can open or cover the shell, a plurality of temperature measuring components are arranged in the shell, and the gap between the inner wall of the shell and the temperature measuring components is filled with soil; a heating component is arranged in the shell, the heating component is located at the upper portion of the shell, and the heating component is used for heating the soil; a water supply component and a drainage component are arranged outside the shell, the water supply component can inject water flow into the shell from the upper end of the shell, the water flow can seep downward in the soil until the bottom plate of the shell, and the drainage component can guide the water seeped onto the bottom plate out, the seepage flow velocity is calculated through the following formula by measuring the water flow flow rate entering the drainage component: wherein v represents the seepage flow velocity, Q represents the water flow flow rate discharged by the drainage component, and A represents the cross-sectional area of the internal cavity of the shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seepage velocity measurement technology, specifically relating to an experimental apparatus and method for measuring seepage velocity. Background Technology

[0002] Seepage direction and velocity are crucial parameters in geotechnical engineering and hydrogeology, significantly impacting research on pollutant transport, oil and gas development, and soil erosion. Traditional tracer methods, relying on dyes or electrolyte solutions as tracers, require specialized dosing devices and necessitate significant distances between the dosing point and measurement location, hindering integrated continuous monitoring. Thermal tracer methods, by measuring changes in the temperature field to determine seepage velocity and direction, overcome this limitation. Fiber optic temperature-sensing seepage monitoring systems are a prime example; however, these systems require laying fiber optic cables within the monitoring area, incurring high costs. Therefore, a more cost-effective experimental device is needed that enables integrated continuous monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental device and method for measuring seepage velocity, thereby solving the technical problems of traditional tracer methods being unable to achieve integrated continuous monitoring and the high cost of fiber optic temperature measurement seepage monitoring systems.

[0004] The solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] An experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity includes a shell, which is a cylindrical body. The top plate of the shell can be opened or closed. Multiple temperature measuring components are disposed within the shell, each including multiple temperature probes and a fixed tube. The bottom plate of the shell has the same number of first through holes as the temperature measuring components, and these first through holes are evenly arranged circumferentially around the center line of the bottom plate. Multiple fixed tubes are vertically arranged, each extending into the shell through a corresponding first through hole, and each fixed tube is sealed to its corresponding first through hole. Multiple temperature measuring holes are spaced vertically on the sidewall of each fixed tube, and each temperature probe passes through... A corresponding temperature measuring hole is installed on the inner wall of the fixed pipe, and each temperature probe is located inside the housing. Multiple temperature probes at the same height are used as a single interface, resulting in multiple interfaces. Soil is filled in the gap between the inner wall of the housing and the temperature measuring components. A heating component is installed inside the housing to heat the soil. A water supply component and a drainage component are installed on the outside of the housing. The water supply component injects water into the housing from the top, and the water seeps downwards through the soil to the bottom plate of the housing. The drainage component drains the water that seeps to the bottom plate. The seepage velocity is calculated by measuring the flow rate of the water entering the drainage component and using the following formula: Where ν represents the seepage velocity, Q represents the flow rate of water discharged from the drainage component, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the internal cavity of the shell.

[0006] By setting up a housing, soil, a temperature measuring component, and a heating component can be placed inside. Multiple temperature probes are used to measure the soil temperature at different heights. Multiple fixed tubes extend into the housing through corresponding first through holes on the base plate. The fixed tubes provide an installation position for the temperature probes, which can be installed on the inner wall of the fixed tubes through temperature measuring holes. The wires of the temperature probes can be placed inside the internal cavity of the fixed tubes and extend out of the housing through the lower end of the fixed tubes to electrically connect with the controller on the outside of the housing. By setting up a temperature measuring component and a drainage component, the temperature measuring component can measure the temperature of the soil in the housing, and the drainage component can drain the water that seeps to the base plate. The flow rate of the water discharged by the drainage component is the soil seepage flow rate. The seepage velocity is calculated using the seepage flow rate and velocity calculation formula to obtain the seepage velocity of water in the soil at the corresponding temperature. By setting up a heating component, the soil in the housing is heated. Combined with the temperature measuring component and the drainage component, the seepage velocity of water in the soil at different temperatures can be measured.

[0007] Furthermore, two fixing plates are spaced apart in the middle of the shell, dividing the internal cavity of the shell into three parts: upper, middle, and lower. Soil is filled on the upper and lower sides of the fixing plates. The outer periphery of each fixing plate is in contact with the inner wall of the shell. The fixing plates have the same number of second through holes as the fixing tubes. Each fixing tube is inserted into a corresponding second through hole. Each fixing plate can slide along the inner wall of the shell and the fixing tube. Multiple third through holes are evenly provided on each fixing plate.

[0008] By setting a fixing plate, the fixing pipe is constrained by the second through hole of the fixing plate, which prevents the fixing pipe from being squeezed by the soil during the filling process and causing the fixing pipe to deviate from the vertical direction.

[0009] Furthermore, the heating assembly includes a heating rod, and a fourth through hole is provided on the upper part of the side wall of the housing, through which the heating rod extends into the housing.

[0010] By setting up a heating rod, the heating end of the heating rod extends into the housing through the fourth through hole and can heat the soil. The outer shell of the heating rod and the fourth through hole are sealed together.

[0011] Furthermore, the water supply assembly includes a water supply pipe and a water collection tank. One end of the water supply pipe is sealed to the top plate of the housing and communicates with the inside of the housing. The other end of the water supply pipe leads to the water collection tank, and a water pump is installed on the water supply pipe.

[0012] By installing a water supply pipe, a water collection tank, and a water pump, the water in the water collection tank flows through the water pump along the water supply pipe into the shell, allowing the water to seep downwards from the top of the soil.

[0013] Furthermore, the drainage assembly includes a drain pipe and a measuring cylinder. The inlet of the drain pipe is sealed to the base plate and communicates with the inside of the housing. Gauze is laid on the upper surface of the base plate, with soil above the gauze. The inlet of the drain pipe is below the gauze, and the outlet of the drain pipe leads to the measuring cylinder.

[0014] By installing a drainage pipe, water that seeps into the bottom plate can be discharged from the shell through the drainage pipe. By installing gauze, soil can be prevented from entering the drainage pipe. By installing a measuring cylinder and using a timing tool, the volume of water discharged from the drainage pipe into the measuring cylinder within a certain time can be obtained. Then, the drainage flow rate and seepage velocity can be obtained through the corresponding formula.

[0015] Furthermore, a funnel is provided below the outlet of the drain pipe, and the funnel is positioned above the measuring cylinder.

[0016] By setting up a funnel, the impact force of the water flow can be reduced, allowing the water to flow smoothly through the funnel into the measuring cylinder.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a support, on which the housing is mounted. The support is a tubular body with a fifth through hole on its side wall. The drain pipe passes through the fifth through hole and extends into the internal cavity of the support, and is connected to the bottom plate of the housing.

[0018] By setting up supports to support the housing, the device can be made more stable during operation. By setting up a fifth through hole, the drain pipe can be inserted into the support through the fifth through hole and connected to the base plate.

[0019] An experimental method based on the above-mentioned experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: First, open the top plate and remove the two fixing plates. Then, fill the shell with soil. When the soil fills to 1 / 3 of the shell's height, place one of the fixing plates in the shell. Continue filling the shell with soil. When the soil fills to 2 / 3 of the shell's height, place the other fixing plate in the shell. Continue filling the shell with soil. When the soil fills to near the fourth through hole, install the heating component. Continue filling the shell with soil until the entire shell is filled. Then, close the top plate.

[0021] Step 2: Then assemble the water supply and drainage components;

[0022] Step 3: Then turn on the heating element and heat the soil for T minutes, where T is a positive number greater than 0. After the soil has been heated for T minutes, turn off the heating element.

[0023] When repeating the experiment, because the soil still has residual heat, the soil temperature will be higher than the temperature after the previous soil heating when heated for the same amount of time.

[0024] Step 4: Then turn on the water pump to fill the housing with water, and make the outlet of the drain pipe lead to the laboratory drainage device, while recording the temperature measured by the temperature probe.

[0025] Step 5: After the water flow rate from the drain pipe becomes uniform, connect the drain pipe outlet to the funnel and use a timing tool to measure the volume of water discharged into the graduated cylinder by the drain assembly within the corresponding time. Calculate the drainage flow rate Q using the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] Where Q represents the drainage flow rate of the drainage component, L represents the volume of water discharged from the drainage pipe within a certain time, and t represents the time taken to discharge a certain volume of water.

[0028] After calculating the drainage flow rate, the seepage velocity is calculated using the following formula:

[0029]

[0030] Where ν represents the seepage velocity, Q represents the drainage flow rate of the drainage component, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the internal cavity of the shell;

[0031] Step 6: Turn off the water pump and complete a set of measurements of seepage velocity and temperature;

[0032] Step 7: During the experiment, multiple temperature values ​​will be measured at the same interface at a certain moment. The average of the multiple temperature values ​​will be used as the temperature value of the corresponding interface at a certain moment.

[0033] Then, a rectangular coordinate system was established with time as the x-axis and temperature as the y-axis. During the experiment in this group, the temperature values ​​obtained at the same interface and their corresponding time values ​​were plotted as a scatter plot showing the temperature versus time data. Then, the function relationship between the corresponding interface temperature and time was obtained by fitting the plot.

[0034] In each function graph, the point with the highest temperature is denoted as A, and the point corresponding to the time when the experiment ends is denoted as B. Find the slope of the line between points A and B. This slope is the temperature gradient obtained by the corresponding interface during the experiment.

[0035] Step 8: Pour the water in the graduated cylinder into the laboratory drainage device, and repeat steps 3 to 7 to conduct multiple sets of experiments;

[0036] Step 9: Finally, establish a rectangular coordinate system with temperature gradient as the x-axis and seepage velocity as the y-axis. Plot the temperature gradient values ​​and corresponding seepage velocity values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments at the same interface into a scatter plot showing the relationship between seepage velocity and temperature gradient. Then, derive the functional relationship between seepage velocity and temperature gradient through linear regression analysis.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0038] By incorporating temperature measuring and drainage components, the temperature measuring component can measure the temperature of the soil inside the casing, while the drainage component can drain the water that has seeped onto the bottom plate. The flow rate of the water discharged by the drainage component is the soil seepage flow rate. The seepage velocity is calculated using the formulas for seepage flow rate and velocity, thus obtaining the seepage velocity of the water in the soil. By incorporating a heating component to heat the soil inside the casing, and combining the temperature measuring and drainage components, the seepage velocity of the water in the soil at different temperatures can be measured. Therefore, by incorporating temperature measuring and drainage components, this device can perform integrated and continuous soil monitoring. Furthermore, this device does not require the laying of optical fibers, thus offering the advantage of relatively low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention is shown.

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fixing plate is shown.

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the temperature sensing component is shown.

[0042] Figure 4 The interface displays a scatter plot of temperature and time values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments.

[0043] Figure 5 The interface displays a scatter plot of temperature and time values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments.

[0044] Figure 6 The interface displays a scatter plot of temperature and time values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments.

[0045] Figure 7 The interface displays a scatter plot of temperature and time values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments.

[0046] Figure 8 The interface displays a scatter plot of temperature and time values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments.

[0047] Figure 9 The interface displays a scatter plot of temperature and time values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments.

[0048] Figure 10 The interface displays a scatter plot of temperature and time values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments.

[0049] Figure 11 The graph shows the function relationship obtained after fitting the scatter plot of the interface data in the first set of experiments.

[0050] Figure 12 The graph shows the function relationship obtained after fitting the scatter plot of the interface data in the second group of experiments.

[0051] Figure 13 The graph shows the function relationship obtained after fitting the scatter plot of the interface data in the third group of experiments.

[0052] Figure 14 The graph shows the function relationship obtained after fitting the scatter plot of the interface data in the fourth group of experiments.

[0053] Figure 15 The graph shows the function relationship obtained after fitting the scatter plot of the interface data in the fifth group of experiments.

[0054] Figure 16 The graph shows the functional relationship between the temperature gradient at interface 2 and the seepage velocity.

[0055] Figure 17 The graph shows the functional relationship between the temperature gradient at interface 3 and the seepage velocity.

[0056] Figure 18 The graph shows the functional relationship between the temperature gradient and the seepage velocity at interface four.

[0057] Figure 19 The graph shows the functional relationship between the temperature gradient at interface 5 and the seepage velocity.

[0058] Figure 20 The graph shows the functional relationship between the temperature gradient at interface six and the seepage velocity.

[0059] Figure 21 The graph shows the functional relationship between the temperature gradient at interface 7 and the seepage velocity.

[0060] Components, parts and their numbers in the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Top plate; 3. Temperature measuring component; 31. Temperature measuring probe; 32. Fixing pipe; 4. Water supply component; 41. Water supply pipe; 5. Water pump; 6. Gauze; 7. Heating component; 8. Drainage component; 81. Drainage pipe; 9. Water collection tank; 10. Measuring cylinder; 11. Fixing plate; 12. Base plate; 13. Support; 14. Soil; 15. Display system; 16. Heating rod control system. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The specific implementation methods of the invention are given below, and the technical solution of the invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0062] Example 1:

[0063] like Figure 1As shown, an experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity includes a shell 1 and a support 13. The shell 1 is a cylindrical body, and the top plate 2 of the shell 1 can be opened or closed. Seven temperature measuring components 3 are arranged in the shell 1, each including seven temperature probes 31 and a fixed tube 32. The bottom plate 12 of the shell has the same number of first through holes as the temperature measuring components 3, and the seven first through holes are evenly arranged circumferentially around the center line of the bottom plate 12. The seven fixed tubes are all arranged vertically, and each fixed tube 32 extends into the shell 1 through a corresponding first through hole, and each fixed tube is sealed to the corresponding first through hole. Seven temperature measuring holes are spaced vertically on the side wall of each fixed tube 32, and each temperature probe 31... 1. A temperature measuring probe 31 is installed on the inner wall of the fixed pipe 32 through a corresponding temperature measuring hole, and each temperature measuring probe 31 is located in the housing 1; seven temperature measuring probes at the same height are used as the same interface to obtain seven interfaces; soil 14 is filled in the gap between the inner wall of the housing 1 and the temperature measuring component 3; a heating component 7 is provided in the housing 1 to heat the soil 14; a water supply component 4 and a drainage component 8 are provided on the outside of the housing 1. The water supply component 4 can inject water from the upper end of the housing 1 into the housing, and the water can seep downward in the soil 14 to the bottom plate 12 of the housing. The drainage component 8 can drain the water that seeps to the bottom plate 12. The flow rate of the water entering the drainage component 8 is measured, and the seepage velocity is calculated by the following formula: Where ν represents the seepage velocity, Q represents the flow rate of water discharged from the drainage component, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the internal cavity of the shell.

[0064] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, two fixing plates 11 are spaced apart in the middle of the shell, dividing the internal cavity of the shell into three parts: upper, middle and lower. Soil is filled on the upper and lower sides of the fixing plates 11. The outer periphery of each fixing plate 11 is in contact with the inner wall of the shell. The fixing plates 11 have the same number of second through holes as the fixing tubes 32. Each fixing tube 32 is inserted into a corresponding second through hole. Each fixing plate 11 can slide along the inner wall of the shell 1 and the fixing tubes 32. Multiple third through holes are evenly provided on each fixing plate 11.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the heating component 7 includes a heating rod. A fourth through hole is provided on the upper part of the side wall of the housing 1. The heating rod extends into the housing 1 through the fourth through hole. The heating rod is electrically connected to the heating rod control system 16. The heating rod control system 16 can control the on and off of the heating rod.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the water supply assembly 4 includes a water supply pipe 41 and a water collection tank 9. One end of the water supply pipe 41 is sealed to the top plate 2 of the housing and communicates with the inside of the housing. The other end of the water supply pipe 41 leads to the water collection tank 42. A water pump 5 is provided on the water supply pipe 41.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, the drainage assembly 8 includes a drain pipe 81 and a measuring cylinder 10. The inlet of the drain pipe 81 is sealed to the base plate 12 and communicates with the inside of the housing 1. Gauze 6 is laid on the upper surface of the base plate 12, the soil 14 is located above the gauze 6, the inlet of the drain pipe 81 is located below the gauze 6, and the outlet of the drain pipe 81 leads to the measuring cylinder 10.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, a funnel is provided below the outlet of the drain pipe, and the funnel is positioned above the measuring cylinder.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the housing 1 is mounted on the support 13, which is a tubular body. The support 13 has a fifth through hole on its side wall. The drain pipe 81 passes through the fifth through hole and extends into the internal cavity of the support 13, and is connected to the bottom plate 12 of the housing.

[0070] Example 2:

[0071] An experimental method based on an experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: First, open the top plate 2 and remove the two fixing plates 11. Then, fill the shell 1 with soil 14. When the soil fills to 1 / 3 of the shell height, place one of the fixing plates 11 in the shell 1. Then continue to fill the shell with soil. When the soil fills to 2 / 3 of the shell height, place the other fixing plate in the shell. Then continue to fill the shell with soil. When the soil fills to the vicinity of the fourth through hole, install the heating component 7. Then continue to fill the shell with soil until the entire shell is filled. Then close the top plate.

[0073] Step 2: Then assemble the water supply component 4 and the drainage component 8;

[0074] Step 3: Then turn on the heating element and heat the soil 14 for 2 minutes. After the soil has been heated for T minutes, turn off the heating element.

[0075] Step 4: Then turn on the water pump 5 to inject water into the housing, and make the outlet of the drain pipe 81 lead to the laboratory drainage device, while recording the temperature measured by the temperature probe 31.

[0076] Step 5: After the water flow rate from drain pipe 81 becomes uniform, connect the outlet of drain pipe 81 to the funnel, and use a timing tool to measure the volume of water discharged from drain assembly 8 into measuring cylinder 10 within the corresponding time. Calculate the drainage flow rate Q using the following formula:

[0077]

[0078] Where Q represents the drainage flow rate of the drainage component, L represents the volume of water discharged from the drainage pipe within a certain time, and t represents the time taken to discharge a certain volume of water.

[0079] After calculating the drainage flow rate, the seepage velocity is calculated using the following formula:

[0080]

[0081] Where ν represents the seepage velocity, Q represents the drainage flow rate of the drainage component, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the internal cavity of the shell;

[0082] Step 6: Turn off the water pump and complete a set of measurements of seepage velocity and temperature;

[0083] Step 7: During the experiment, multiple temperature values ​​will be measured at the same interface at a certain moment. The average of the multiple temperature values ​​will be used as the temperature value of the corresponding interface at a certain moment.

[0084] Then, a rectangular coordinate system was established with time as the x-axis and temperature as the y-axis. During the experiment in this group, the temperature values ​​obtained at the same interface and their corresponding time values ​​were plotted as a scatter plot showing the temperature versus time data. Then, the function relationship between the corresponding interface temperature and time was obtained by fitting the plot.

[0085] In each function graph, the point with the highest temperature is denoted as A, and the point corresponding to the time when the experiment ends is denoted as B. Find the slope of the line between points A and B. This slope is the temperature gradient obtained by the corresponding interface during the experiment.

[0086] Step 8: Pour the water in graduated cylinder 10 into the laboratory drainage device, and repeat steps 3 to 7 to conduct 5 sets of experiments.

[0087] Step 9: Finally, establish a rectangular coordinate system with temperature gradient as the x-axis and seepage velocity as the y-axis. Plot the temperature gradient values ​​and corresponding seepage velocity values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments at the same interface into a scatter plot showing the relationship between seepage velocity and temperature gradient. Then, derive the functional relationship between seepage velocity and temperature gradient through linear regression analysis.

[0088] (1) The above experimental steps are carried out by using an experimental device for measuring seepage velocity. Seven temperature probes at the same height are used as the same interface to obtain seven interfaces. The seven interfaces are named interface 1, interface 2, etc. from top to bottom, until interface 7. During the experiment, the temperature values ​​of the seven temperature probes are obtained at a certain moment for each interface. The average value of the seven temperature values ​​is used as the temperature value of the corresponding interface at a certain moment.

[0089] Then, a rectangular coordinate system was established with time as the x-axis and temperature as the y-axis. After five sets of experiments, the temperature values ​​and corresponding time values ​​obtained from different sets of experiments on the same interface were plotted into a scatter plot showing the time versus temperature, resulting in a total of seven scatter plots, as shown below. Figures 4 to 10 As shown.

[0090] By fitting the scatter plot of the data obtained from the corresponding interface, a functional relationship between the temperature and time of the corresponding interface can be obtained.

[0091] like Figures 11 to 15 As shown, Figures 11 to 15 Only interface one demonstrates the result of fitting the scatter plot of data into a function graph in five sets of experiments. The other interfaces can be fitted sequentially to obtain the corresponding function graphs.

[0092] In each function graph, the point with the highest temperature value is denoted as A. The horizontal and vertical coordinates of point A represent the time when the heating component completes heating and the soil temperature. The point corresponding to the end time of the corresponding set of experiments in the function graph is denoted as B. The horizontal and vertical coordinates of point B represent the time when a set of experiments is completed and the soil temperature. In this embodiment, the time corresponding to point B is 8 minutes. The slope of the straight line between points A and B is calculated. This slope is the temperature gradient obtained by the corresponding interface during the corresponding set of experiments. Through the above method, 35 temperature gradients can be obtained, as shown in Table 1.

[0093] Table 1. Temperature gradient statistics (unit: °C / s)

[0094]

[0095] (2) The drainage flow rate was measured using a graduated cylinder and timing tool. The flow rate was then used to calculate the seepage velocity using the flow velocity calculation formula. The seepage velocity of each group of experiments was obtained. A total of 5 seepage velocities were obtained, as shown in Table 2.

[0096] Table 2. Statistics of Seepage Velocity

[0097]

[0098] (3) By combining the temperature gradient statistics table with the seepage velocity statistics table, a statistical table of temperature gradient and seepage velocity is obtained, as shown in Table 3:

[0099] Table 3. Statistical table of temperature gradient and seepage velocity.

[0100] Group number 1 2 3 4 5 Interface 1 0.00097 0.00083 0.00352 0.00262 0.00485 Interface 2 0.00139 0.00111 0.00256 0.00197 0.00356 Interface 3 0.00054 0.00022 0.00037 0.00031 0.00382 Interface 4 -0.00114 -0.00113 -0.00210 -0.00311 0.00316 Interface 5 -0.00026 -0.00006 -0.00028 -0.00035 0.00211 Interface 6 -0.00024 -0.00004 -0.00017 -0.00025 0.03184 Interface 7 -0.00021 -0.00018 -0.00020 -0.00019 -0.00077 Flow rate 1.52E-03 4.51E-06 2.37E-06 1.11E-03 1.15E-02

[0101] (4) Establish a rectangular coordinate system with temperature gradient as the abscissa and seepage velocity as the ordinate; plot the temperature gradient values ​​and corresponding seepage velocity values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments at the same interface into a scatter plot showing the relationship between seepage velocity and temperature gradient, and then derive the functional relationship between seepage velocity and temperature gradient through linear regression analysis. A total of 6 functional relationship plots between seepage velocity and temperature gradient were obtained. Since the distance between interface 1 and the outlet of the water supply pipe is relatively close, the seepage of water at this interface is uneven, so the functional relationship of interface 1 is not considered. However, the seepage of water at interfaces 2 to 7 is basically uniform, so 6 functional relationships were obtained.

[0102] like Figure 16 The graph shows the functional relationship between the seepage velocity and the temperature gradient at interface two. The functional relationship at interface two is as follows:

[0103] y = 0.003905x + 0.002827

[0104] like Figure 17 The graph shows the functional relationship between the seepage velocity and the temperature gradient at interface three. The functional relationship for interface three is:

[0105] y = 0.004869x + 0.002827

[0106] like Figure 18 The graph shows the functional relationship between the seepage velocity and the temperature gradient at interface four. The functional relationship for interface four is:

[0107] y = 0.004529x + 0.002827

[0108] like Figure 19 The graph shows the functional relationship between the seepage velocity and the temperature gradient at interface five. The functional relationship for interface five is:

[0109] y = 0.004785x + 0.002827

[0110] like Figure 20 The graph shows the functional relationship between the seepage velocity and the temperature gradient at interface six. The functional relationship for interface six is:

[0111] y = 0.004845x + 0.002827

[0112] like Figure 21 The graph shows the functional relationship between the seepage velocity and the temperature gradient at interface seven. The functional relationship for interface seven is:

[0113] y = -0.00486x + 0.002827

[0114] In the above functional relationship, x represents the temperature gradient and y represents the seepage velocity.

[0115] (5) Finally, the above experimental steps are carried out by using an experimental device for measuring seepage velocity. When step 7 is reached, 7 temperature gradients can be obtained. Ignoring the temperature gradient of interface 1, the 6 temperature gradients are substituted into the functional relationship of the corresponding interfaces to obtain 6 seepage velocities. Then, the average value of the 6 seepage velocities is taken as the seepage velocity of this group of experiments.

[0116] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity, characterized in that, Includes a housing (1), which is a columnar body. The top plate (2) of the housing (1) can open or close the housing (1). Multiple temperature measuring components (3) are provided in the housing (1). Each temperature measuring component (3) includes multiple temperature measuring probes (31) and a fixed tube (32). The bottom plate (12) of the housing has the same number of first through holes as the temperature measuring component (3), and the multiple first through holes are evenly arranged around the center line of the bottom plate (12) in the circumferential direction; Multiple fixed tubes are arranged vertically, and each fixed tube (32) extends into the housing (1) through a corresponding first through hole, and each fixed tube is sealed to the corresponding first through hole; Multiple temperature measuring holes are provided vertically spaced on the side wall of each fixed tube (32). Each temperature measuring probe (31) is installed on the inner wall of the fixed tube (32) through a corresponding temperature measuring hole. Each temperature measuring probe (31) is located in the housing (1). Multiple temperature measuring probes at the same height are used as the same interface to obtain multiple interfaces. Soil (14) is filled in the gap between the inner wall of the shell (1) and the temperature measuring component (3). A heating component (7) is provided in the housing (1). The heating component (7) is used to heat the soil (14). The heating component includes a heating rod, which is electrically connected to the heating rod control system. The outer side of the shell (1) is provided with a water supply component (4) and a drainage component (8). The water supply component (4) can inject water from the upper end of the shell (1) into the shell. The water can seep downward in the soil (14) to the bottom plate (12) of the shell. The drainage component (8) can drain the water that seeps to the bottom plate (12). The seepage velocity is calculated by measuring the flow rate of the water entering the drainage component (8) and by the following formula: ； Where ν represents the seepage velocity, Q represents the flow rate of water discharged from the drainage component, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the internal cavity of the shell; Two fixing plates (11) are provided in the middle of the shell, dividing the internal cavity of the shell into three parts: upper, middle and lower. Soil is filled on the upper and lower sides of the fixing plates (11). The outer periphery of each fixing plate (11) is in contact with the inner wall of the shell. The fixing plate (11) has the same number of second through holes as the fixing tubes (32). Each fixing tube (32) is inserted into a corresponding second through hole. Each fixing plate (11) can slide along the inner wall of the shell (1) and the fixing tubes (32). Each fixing plate (11) has multiple third through holes evenly distributed on it.

2. The experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the side wall of the shell (1) is provided with a fourth through hole, and the heating rod extends into the shell (1) through the fourth through hole.

3. The experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water supply assembly (4) includes a water supply pipe (41) and a water collection tank (9). One end of the water supply pipe (41) is sealed to the top plate (2) of the shell and communicates with the inside of the shell. The other end of the water supply pipe (41) leads to the water collection tank (9). A water pump (5) is provided on the water supply pipe (41).

4. The experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drainage assembly (8) includes a drain pipe (81) and a measuring cylinder (10). The inlet of the drain pipe (81) is sealed to the bottom plate (12) and communicates with the inside of the housing (1). Gauze (6) is laid on the upper surface of the base plate (12), soil (14) is located above the gauze (6), the inlet of the drain pipe (81) is located below the gauze (6), and the outlet of the drain pipe (81) leads to the measuring cylinder (10).

5. The experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity according to claim 4, characterized in that, A funnel is provided below the outlet of the drain pipe (81), and the funnel is positioned above the measuring cylinder (10).

6. The experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a support (13), and the housing (1) is set on the support (13). The support (13) is a tubular body. A fifth through hole is opened on the side wall of the support (13). The drain pipe (81) passes through the fifth through hole and extends into the internal cavity of the support (13) and is connected to the bottom plate (12) of the housing.

7. An experimental method based on the experimental apparatus for measuring seepage velocity according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: First, open the top plate (2) and take out the two fixing plates (11). Then fill the shell (1) with soil (14). When the soil is filled to 1 / 3 of the shell height, place one of the fixing plates (11) in the shell (1) and continue to fill the shell with soil. When the soil is filled to 2 / 3 of the shell height, place the other fixing plate in the shell and continue to fill the shell with soil. When the soil is filled to the vicinity of the fourth through hole, install the heating component (7) and continue to fill the shell with soil until the entire shell is filled. Then close the top plate. Step 2: Then assemble the water supply component (4) and the drainage component (8); Step 3: Then turn on the heating component and heat the soil (14) for T minutes, where T is a positive number greater than 0. After the soil has been heated for T minutes, turn off the heating component. Step 4: Then turn on the water pump (5) to fill the housing with water and make the outlet of the drain pipe (81) lead to the laboratory drainage device, while recording the temperature measured by the temperature probe (31); Step 5: After the flow rate of the water discharged from the drain pipe (81) is uniform, connect the outlet of the drain pipe (81) to the funnel, and measure the volume of water discharged from the drain assembly (8) into the measuring cylinder (10) within the corresponding time using a timing tool. Calculate the drainage flow rate Q using the following formula: ； Where Q represents the drainage flow rate of the drainage component, L represents the volume of water discharged from the drainage pipe within a certain time, and t represents the time taken to discharge a certain volume of water. After calculating the drainage flow rate, the seepage velocity is calculated using the following formula: ； Where ν represents the seepage velocity, Q represents the drainage flow rate of the drainage component, and A represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the internal cavity of the shell; Step 6: Turn off the water pump and complete a set of measurements of seepage velocity and temperature; Step 7: During the experiment, multiple temperature values ​​will be measured at the same interface at a certain moment. The average of the multiple temperature values ​​will be used as the temperature value of the corresponding interface at a certain moment. Then, a rectangular coordinate system was established with time as the x-axis and temperature as the y-axis. During the experiment in this group, the temperature values ​​obtained at the same interface and their corresponding time values ​​were plotted as a scatter plot showing the temperature versus time data. Then, the function relationship between the corresponding interface temperature and time was obtained by fitting the plot. In each function graph, the point with the highest temperature is denoted as A, and the point corresponding to the time when the experiment ends is denoted as B. Find the slope of the line between points A and B. This slope is the temperature gradient obtained by the corresponding interface during the experiment. Step 8: Pour the water in the graduated cylinder (10) into the laboratory drainage device, and repeat steps 3 to 7 to conduct multiple sets of experiments; Step 9: Finally, establish a rectangular coordinate system with temperature gradient as the x-axis and seepage velocity as the y-axis. Plot the temperature gradient values ​​and corresponding seepage velocity values ​​obtained in different sets of experiments at the same interface into a scatter plot showing the temperature gradient and seepage velocity data. Then, derive the functional relationship between temperature gradient and seepage velocity through linear regression analysis.

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