Battery system with accident emergency response function and multi-level battery system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery system and a multi-stage battery system with an accident emergency disposal function. The battery system with an accident emergency disposal function comprises: a shell, a cooling module and a battery; the shell is used to enclose the battery therein; the shell is provided with an accident smoke output interface; the cooling module comprises: a cavity, a smoke access pipeline, a smoke treatment unit and a smoke output structure; the cavity is used to store a working medium for cooling the accident smoke; the smoke access pipeline is connected to the accident smoke output interface and the smoke treatment unit; the smoke treatment unit is arranged in the working medium and covered by the working medium to cool down the smoke generated by the battery accident through the cooling module; the smoke output structure is used to discharge the smoke after the cooling treatment by the cooling module. The benefit of the present invention is that a large amount of high-temperature smoke escaping from the battery module in the accident state can be centrally and quickly disposed of by the cooling module, eliminating the risk of secondary accidents caused by high-temperature smoke.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a battery system and a multi-stage battery system with an accident emergency handling function, belonging to the technical field of batteries and electric energy storage systems. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the energy storage industry, lithium battery energy storage systems have been widely used as an important technical solution, and the use of lithium batteries has also increased rapidly. Since lithium batteries themselves are inherently unsafe systems, and in the case of concentrated and large-scale use, the consequences of a serious accident are unpredictable. Therefore, the consensus in the industry is that system safety warnings and protection should be strengthened, with prevention as the main focus, to avoid accidents and block the spread of accidents. However, for sudden serious accidents with a lower probability, it is very likely to break through the existing multi-level protection measures and lead to serious consequences, so there should also be a targeted design of high-reliability disposal solutions to form a comprehensive safety system.

[0003] Battery modules and energy storage systems composed of a large number of battery modules are characterized by high energy density. When a violent runaway reaction occurs inside a battery module, a large amount of combustible smoke (high-temperature smoke) will be formed from a relatively small space and generate a large amount of reaction heat. If these high-temperature combustible smoke come into contact with air during the rapid diffusion process, they will cause combustion or even explosion, making the accident more serious or causing the accident to spread. High-temperature combustible smoke is characterized by uncertainty and potential high danger, which increases the complexity of accident handling.

[0004] Since the battery system is a charged body, especially for large battery systems, it is not recommended to directly use a large amount of water for accident disposal, because the conductive properties of water may aggravate the accident reaction. And because the energy density of the battery system is extremely high, the firefighting measures of spraying water from the outside have a very low utilization rate of water and there are a lot of losses. The existing technology cannot efficiently use cheap water as a firefighting medium to deal with battery accidents, which will undoubtedly greatly increase the disposal cost and increase the risk of accidents.

[0005] The existing fire fighting measures are to directly deal with the accident location of the battery system. However, due to the high energy density of the battery system and the limited disposal space, the disposal process cannot completely curb the spread of the accident. Although there is a structure to centrally and directionally discharge the smoke, it cannot effectively reduce the danger of high-temperature smoke, and it is easy to cause secondary disasters and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is difficult for the existing fire fighting measures to eliminate the huge heat generated in a short period of time, and it is also impossible to effectively reduce the danger of high-temperature flammable smoke. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing battery module emergency disposal system. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a battery system with an accident emergency handling function to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A battery system with an accident emergency handling function, comprising: a housing, a cooling module and a battery; the housing is used to enclose the battery therein; the housing is provided with an accident smoke output interface; in a battery accident state, smoke generated by the battery accident is discharged from the housing through the accident smoke output interface;

[0009] The cooling module includes: a cavity, a smoke inlet pipe, a smoke treatment unit and a smoke output structure; the cavity is used to store a working medium for cooling accident smoke; the smoke inlet pipe connects the accident smoke output interface and the smoke treatment unit; the smoke treatment unit is arranged in the working medium to cool the smoke generated by the battery accident; the smoke output structure is used to discharge the smoke that has been cooled by the cooling module to the outside.

[0010] The shell is a structure with a protective function, which can maintain its own stability in an accident state and realize the directional discharge of accident smoke in combination with the smoke access pipe; the shell can be a fixed structure, such as a battery pack shell, a battery cabinet, etc.; it can also be a movable structure, such as a fireproof rolling shutter, which is rolled up at ordinary times and unfolded in the event of an accident to achieve isolation and protection; or, when an accident occurs to the battery, it can be temporarily moved to the shell to achieve accident handling.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the smoke treatment unit is provided with a smoke exhaust port for discharging smoke generated by a battery accident into a working medium; the smoke exhaust port is arranged in the working medium; the smoke after being cooled by the working medium is discharged outwardly through the smoke output structure.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the smoke treatment part is arranged at the bottom of the cavity; the smoke treatment part is provided with a plurality of smoke exhaust ports.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the battery system with accident emergency handling function also includes a one-way valve or a fluid flow control device; the one-way valve or the fluid flow control device is connected to one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipe, and the smoke treatment unit.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the battery system with accident emergency handling function also includes a forced smoke exhaust device; the forced smoke exhaust device is connected to one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipeline, and the smoke processing unit.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: a fire-fighting agent injection port is provided on the smoke output interface and / or the smoke access pipe.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the flue gas treatment unit includes: a flue gas heat exchanger; the flue gas heat exchanger is at least partially covered by a working medium; the flue gas exchanges heat with the working medium outside the flue gas heat exchanger through the flue gas heat exchanger and is discharged to the outside through a flue gas output structure.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the smoke output structure is arranged on the upper part of the cooling module.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: a chimney extending upward for exhausting smoke is provided in the smoke output structure.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the lower part of the cavity stores the working medium; the upper part of the cavity is an air cavity, which is used to play a buffering role in balancing the gas pressure.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: the cooling module is also provided with an air supply device; the air supply device is used to mix the treated flue gas with air to reduce the concentration of combustibles in the flue gas.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: the battery system with accident emergency handling function also includes a working medium circulation system, the working medium circulation system includes a working medium injection port and a working medium discharge port, and the working medium circulation system is used to replace and / or cool the working medium.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention: the working medium injection port is located above the cooling module, and the working medium discharge port is located at the bottom of the cooling module.

[0023] A battery system with an accident emergency handling function for a vehicle battery is provided in a vehicle, and a smoke output structure is connected to an external smoke exhaust duct for guiding the smoke exhaust and can be connected to an external cooling module for secondary treatment of the smoke.

[0024] A multi-stage battery system with an accident emergency handling function, comprising: a plurality of stages of the battery system with an accident emergency handling function;

[0025] The shells of battery systems with accident emergency handling functions at various levels adopt a hierarchical nested architecture, and the shells of battery systems with accident emergency handling functions at a high level enclose several shells of battery systems with accident emergency handling functions at a low level.

[0026] As a further solution of the present invention: the cooling module can be configured as a fixed cooling module, and the cooling module is fixedly connected to the housing.

[0027] As a further solution of the present invention: the cooling module can be set as a mobile cooling module, and in the event of a battery accident, the cooling module can be connected to the shell by docking with the accident smoke output interface through the smoke access pipe.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention: at least a part of the smoke access duct of the low-level battery system is wrapped in the shell of the high-level battery system, and this part of the smoke access duct is provided with a pressure relief interface. When the pressure relief interface is opened, the accident smoke can be directly introduced into the shell of the high-level battery system.

[0029] As a further solution of the present invention: when the scope of the accident is controlled within the low-level battery system, the emergency handling function of the low-level battery system is activated;

[0030] When the scope of the accident exceeds the low-level battery system, the emergency response function of the high-level battery system is activated.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The cooling module can be used to quickly and centrally dispose of a large amount of high-temperature flue gas emitted from the battery in an accident state, eliminating the risk of secondary accidents caused by high-temperature flue gas. The cooling module can store a large amount of cold capacity, which is enough to cool the short-term concentrated burst of high-temperature flue gas to room temperature before discharging it, eliminating secondary accidents caused by flue gas discharge. Since the flue gas is always in a closed environment, the chance of contact with oxygen before being cooled and discharged is very low, so that the accident of the battery module is mainly manifested as pyrolysis rather than pyrolysis plus combustion, which greatly reduces the degree of harm and duration of the accident. By handling battery accidents, the defect of indoor power stations that are not conducive to fire management can be overcome, and the safe operation of indoor energy storage power stations can be guaranteed.

[0033] 2. Since the battery module is first insulated and sealed, as long as the smoke from the accident can be discharged smoothly and handled in time, the closed structure of the battery module will not be destroyed due to the increase in internal pressure, thereby achieving the effect of blocking the spread of the accident.

[0034] 3. The working medium is liquid or solid water or a solution mainly composed of water. Of course, fire-fighting agents that can suppress accidents can also be appropriately added to the water. The technical solution of the present invention can not only give full play to the advantages of large specific heat capacity and large latent heat of phase change of water, greatly improve the utilization efficiency of water, reduce water consumption, but also avoid the risk of conductive water directly contacting the battery system to aggravate the risk of accident reaction.

[0035] 4. Compared with the fire extinguishing agents commonly used in the prior art, water has the advantages of low cost, no shelf life restrictions, and high reliability.

[0036] 5. The system is equipped with a circulating filtration subsystem, which can filter out impurities (such as a large amount of particulate matter and some VOCs components, etc.) adsorbed by the liquid working medium and treat them harmlessly, greatly reducing pollution to the environment.

[0037] 6. For energy storage systems containing a large number of batteries, since the utilization rate of the accident handling system is extremely low and it only works when an accident occurs, the owner is very cautious about investing in equipment in this area. Since the energy storage system needs to cool the batteries all year round, the cooling module of the present invention can be used as a cold source in normal times, adopting a "peak shifting and valley filling" operation mode similar to the building's cold storage air conditioning system to save operating electricity costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency handling function as a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency handling function as a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency handling function as another embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency handling function as another embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery system including a cold storage module and having an accident emergency handling function according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a panoramic schematic diagram of a prefabricated cabin-type energy storage power station with a mobile cooling module and an accident emergency handling function according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a battery system with accident emergency disposal function applied to a vehicle;

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a battery system with an accident emergency handling function including a mobile cooling module being applied to a vehicle;

[0046] Fig. 9 It is a panoramic schematic diagram of a single prefabricated energy storage cabin of a prefabricated cabin-type energy storage power station that applies a multi-level emergency disposal system for battery accidents.

[0047] List of reference numerals: shell 10, cooling module 20, battery 30, working medium 40, cold storage module 60, cavity 21, flue gas access pipe 22, flue gas treatment unit 23, flue gas output structure 24, flue gas heat exchanger 25, chimney 26, air supply device 27, water source 51, water inlet 52, water outlet 53, filter device 54. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] As a first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, a battery system with accident emergency handling function includes: a shell 10, a cooling module 20 and a battery 30.

[0050] The housing 10 is used to enclose the battery 30. The housing 10 is provided with an accident smoke output interface. In the battery accident state, the accident smoke output interface is opened to directional discharge the smoke generated by the battery accident.

[0051] The cooling module 20 includes: a cavity 21, a smoke inlet pipe 22, a smoke treatment unit 23 and a smoke output structure 24. The cavity 21 is used to store a working medium 40 for cooling the accident smoke. The smoke inlet pipe 22 connects the accident smoke output interface and the smoke treatment unit 23. The smoke treatment unit 23 is arranged in the working medium 40 and is covered by the working medium 40 to cool the smoke generated by the battery accident through the cooling module 20. The smoke output structure 24 is used to discharge the smoke after the cooling treatment by the cooling module 20. The housing 10 and the smoke inlet pipe 22 can be made of high temperature resistant heat insulating materials, and have high temperature resistant heat insulating effects.

[0052] As a specific implementation, the smoke treatment unit 23 is provided with a smoke exhaust port for discharging the smoke generated by the battery accident into the working medium 40. The smoke exhaust port is provided in the working medium 40. The smoke after the working medium 40 has been subjected to a cooling treatment is discharged to the outside through the smoke output structure 24. The smoke treatment unit 23 is provided at the bottom of the cavity 21. The smoke treatment unit 23 is provided with a plurality of smoke exhaust ports. This allows the high-temperature accident smoke to fully exchange heat with the working medium and quickly reduce to a normal temperature state.

[0053] As an optional embodiment, a one-way valve or similar fluid flow control device is provided to prevent the working medium 40 from flowing back into the housing. The one-way valve or similar fluid flow control device is connected to one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipeline, and the smoke treatment unit.

[0054] As an optional implementation, a forced smoke exhaust device, such as a fan, connected to one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access duct, and the smoke treatment unit is provided to direct and quickly guide the accident smoke in the event of an accident.

[0055] As an optional implementation, a fire-fighting agent injection port is provided on one or both of the smoke output interface and the smoke access pipe, through which the fire-fighting agent can be injected into the shell to further avoid the spread of the accident.

[0056] The smoke output structure 24 is arranged on the upper part of the cooling module 20. As a further solution of the present invention: the lower part of the cavity 21 stores the working medium 40. The upper part of the cavity 21 is an air cavity, which is used to play a buffering role in balancing the gas pressure.

[0057] When a battery has a thermal runaway accident, the main reaction that occurs inside the battery is pyrolysis, which results in the rapid generation of a large amount of high-temperature combustible smoke. The heat (electrochemical energy + reaction heat) generated during the complete decomposition of the battery is about 2-3 times the battery SOC before the accident, and the instantaneous heat release power is very high. However, if the high-temperature combustible smoke comes into contact with external oxygen, burns or even explodes, and spreads to surrounding objects, the heat released will increase exponentially. The battery system with accident emergency disposal function can effectively cool the high-temperature combustible smoke generated by the battery accident, and promptly absorb all the heat generated during the accident (the maximum value can be designed to be able to absorb heat equivalent to 3 times the rated capacity of the battery), so that the combustible smoke after cooling will not burn or explode even if it is mixed with oxygen.

[0058] As a second embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 As shown, the housing 10, the cooling module 20, the battery 30, the working medium 40, the cavity 21, the smoke inlet pipe 22 and the smoke output structure 24 are Figure 1 The same as the first embodiment shown. Figure 1The difference from the first embodiment shown is that in the second embodiment, the flue gas treatment unit 23 includes: a flue gas heat exchanger 25. The flue gas heat exchanger is covered by a working medium 40. The flue gas is discharged outward through the flue gas output structure 24 after heat exchange with the working medium outside the flue gas heat exchanger 25 through the flue gas heat exchanger 25. In the first embodiment, the flue gas is directly discharged into the working medium, which has a good cooling effect, and the working medium can be used to absorb some substances in the flue gas. In the second embodiment, the flue gas indirectly exchanges heat with the working medium through the flue gas heat exchanger, the flue gas does not pollute the working medium, and the operating conditions are stable.

[0059] As an optional implementation, Figure 3 As shown, the system is equipped with a working medium circulation system, which includes a working medium source 51, a working medium injection port 52 located at the upper part of the cooling module, and a working medium discharge port 53 located at the bottom of the cooling module, closer to the position of the flue gas treatment part, so as to facilitate the discharge of high-temperature hot working medium. The working medium can be cooled by circulating working medium at normal temperature. As an optional embodiment, the working medium is water, and the working medium source 51 is a water source, which can be a municipal fire water source, a natural or artificial water source. In an accident state, the cooling module is connected to the water source, and normal temperature cold water is continuously injected through the water injection port on the cavity. At the same time, the high-temperature hot water after heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the drain port on the cavity. As an optional embodiment, the water circulation system may also include a filtering device 54, which performs harmless treatment on the discharged hot water before discharging it.

[0060] As another optional implementation, a low temperature medium may be used for cooling. In this case, a cold storage module 60 (see Figure 4 ), which can be ice storage or water storage. The advantage of this mode is that it has a strong heat exchange capacity. Compared with the normal temperature water solution, it can withstand more violent high-temperature accident flue gas impact in a unit space, which is conducive to the handling of accidents. In addition, storing ice or ice slurry in the cooling module 60 can more effectively reduce the flue gas temperature. If the temperature of the VOCs component can be reduced to below its boiling point, its volatilization amount can be greatly reduced, further reducing the risk of accidents and reducing the emission of pollutants.

[0061] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, for systems with daily cooling needs, when the system is in normal state most of the time, the "peak shifting and valley filling" operation mode can be adopted to reduce operating costs. Under normal conditions, the water in the cooling module is cooled by the refrigeration cycle system to accumulate cold energy; and the "peak shifting and valley filling" operation mode can be adopted to release cold energy through the cold release cycle system to provide cold energy for systems with daily cooling needs. In order to achieve the goal of providing cold energy to systems with daily cooling needs, the size of the cold storage module is usually large. In the event of an accident, the high-temperature flue gas is cooled by the cold energy accumulated in the cooling module. Generally, the accumulated cold energy is sufficient to complete the entire process of handling the accident. Of course, the refrigeration cycle system can also be started to supplement the cooling energy of the cooling module to enhance its ability to handle accidents. Reference Figure 4 The refrigeration cycle system and the cold release cycle system use a heat exchanger 61 in the cooling module to achieve heat exchange. Of course, different heat exchangers or water mixing devices can also be used to complete the heat exchange process. For the ice storage system, ice will form on the heat exchanger and its fins. Placing the heat exchanger above the flue gas treatment part can, on the one hand, allow the high-temperature accident flue gas to fully contact the ice layer and quickly cool down. On the other hand, it can prevent ice from blocking the exhaust port of the flue gas treatment part and avoid poor exhaust. The refrigeration cycle and the cold release cycle usually consist of two sets of supply and return pipes to form the circulation of the working fluid, and use heat exchangers for heat exchange, or / and direct mixing to achieve heat exchange. The cooling module can be independent of the cold storage module or combined with each other.

[0062] As an optional implementation, Figure 4 As shown, a chimney 26 extending upward for exhausting smoke is provided in the smoke output structure. Specifically, the cooling module can be provided with a smoke exhaust subsystem for exhausting the smoke treated by the working medium. The smoke exhaust subsystem is provided with a chimney extending upward. By providing a chimney structure, the treated gas can be guided away from the accident site, further reducing the danger. The cooling module is also provided with an air supply device 27. The air supply device is used to mix the treated smoke with air to reduce the concentration of combustibles in the smoke. The air supply device introduces fresh air from the outside to reduce the concentration of combustibles in the smoke and thus reduce the risk.

[0063] As a specific implementation method, Figure 1 As shown, the cooling module 20 can be configured as a fixed cooling module 20 , and the cooling module 20 is fixedly connected to the housing 10 .

[0064] As an optional implementation, Figure 6 As shown, the cooling module can be set as a mobile cooling module. In this case, the cooling module is an independent unit that accesses the flue gas through a flue gas access pipe for processing. In the event of a battery accident, the flue gas access pipe is connected to the accident flue gas output interface to achieve the connection between the cooling module and the shell.

[0065] The above content mainly describes the various framework structures, organizational forms and design details of the cooling module of the technical solution. For further convenience, an actual application scenario is used as an example for explanation.

[0066] like Figure 7 As shown, a battery system with an accident emergency handling function for a vehicle battery is provided in a vehicle, that is, a housing 10 and a cooling module 20 are installed in the vehicle. The vehicle battery is enclosed by the housing 10.

[0067] The accident smoke output interface is in a closed state under non-accident conditions. After a battery failure, the air pressure rises too high and the temperature rises, which can be opened by a pressure signal or / and a temperature signal. After the accident smoke output interface is opened, the smoke enters the cooling module through the exhaust pipe for cooling. The vehicle air-conditioning system can be used to supplement the working medium with cold energy, and the vehicle air-conditioning system is used as the cold storage circulation subsystem of the cooling module to undertake the refrigeration operation. For electric vehicles, the use of a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function can prevent open flames from occurring in the early stages of an accident, and can effectively suppress the harmfulness of the accident. However, due to limited vehicle space, the on-board cooling module 20 can generally only handle accident smoke within 30 minutes, after which the cooling capacity of the cooling module will be exhausted, which is enough time for the driver and passengers to escape and take further disposal measures.

[0068] When there are several electric vehicles parked in adjacent positions in a parking lot, if one of the electric vehicles has an accident, it is easy to spread to the surrounding vehicles, causing a serious chain reaction. This situation is especially disastrous for underground parking lots. In this case, a mobile cooling module can be installed in the parking lot. When the vehicle is parked and a battery accident occurs, the on-board cooling module will first perform initial treatment, and then the mobile cooling module will be moved to the vicinity of the vehicle where the accident occurred and connected to the smoke exhaust duct extending to the outside of the vehicle, so as to achieve continuous treatment of the accident smoke and prevent the accident from spreading to surrounding vehicles. The above connection process can be completed manually or automatically by an automatic connection robot. The smoke output structure is connected to an external smoke exhaust duct. The external smoke exhaust duct is used to guide the smoke to be discharged. The external smoke exhaust duct can be connected to an external cooling module for secondary treatment of the smoke. For example, refer to Figure 8 As shown, on the basis of arranging the housing 10 and the cooling module 20 in the vehicle, the smoke access pipe of the independent cooling module can also be connected through the external smoke exhaust pipe. The mobile cooling module is used as an external cooling module to perform secondary treatment on the smoke.

[0069] Battery systems with accident emergency response functions can be used in large battery systems, such as energy storage power stations, electric vehicle replacement stations, etc. In large battery systems, a large number of battery modules are densely stored; in order to achieve hierarchical positioning and accurate handling of accidents, a multi-level emergency response system for battery accidents is required. Figure 6 The prefabricated cabin energy storage power station is used as an example to illustrate.

[0070] A multi-level emergency handling system for battery accidents comprises: several levels of the above-mentioned battery systems with accident emergency handling functions.

[0071] The shells of the battery systems at each level adopt a hierarchical nested architecture, and the shells of several lower-level battery systems are enclosed in the shell of the higher-level battery system. When the scope of the accident is controlled within the lower-level battery system, the lower-level battery system will handle it. When the scope of the accident exceeds the lower-level battery system, the higher-level battery system will be activated for handling.

[0072] Specifically, Figure 6 It is a prefabricated cabin energy storage power station, which includes a refrigeration host system, a centralized cold storage module, a mobile cooling module and several energy storage prefabricated cabins. During normal operation, the peak-shifting and valley-filling operation mode is adopted, that is, the refrigeration host system operates during the valley power period, and the centralized cold storage module is supplemented with cold through the refrigeration cycle; then, the centralized cold storage module provides cold to each energy storage prefabricated cabin through the cold release cycle, which is mainly used for daily cooling of the battery system. In the event of an accident, the mobile cooling module is moved to the vicinity of the energy storage prefabricated cabin where the accident occurred and docked with it, and then standby or handle the accident. The mobile cooling module is connected to the centralized cold storage module through a circulation pipeline, and the centralized cold storage module continuously provides the mobile cooling module with the cold required to cool the flue gas.

[0073] in, Fig. 9 The energy storage battery prefabricated cabin includes a prefabricated cabin air conditioning host, a control junction cabinet and six battery clusters. Each battery cluster includes three battery cabinets, each battery cabinet includes seven grids mainly used to place battery modules, and can also place control modules; generally, one battery cluster is equipped with one control module. Fig. 9The energy storage prefabricated cabin can be equipped with three levels of battery systems with accident emergency response functions. Battery module level (first level), battery cabinet level (second level) and battery cluster / prefabricated cabin level (third level). Each level has a corresponding shell and cooling module. Each battery module is placed on the partition of the battery cabinet, and the battery module is enclosed in the shell of the battery cabinet. The battery module uses a closed shell (generally the standard is protection level IP67) as the first-level shell. The first-level smoke exhaust duct adopts a Φ50mm circular pipe with a cross-sectional area of ​​about 0.002㎡, the second-level smoke exhaust duct adopts a Φ150mm circular pipe with a cross-sectional area of ​​about 0.018㎡, and the third-level smoke exhaust duct adopts a rectangular flat tube with a cross-sectional area of ​​about 0.14㎡. For safety reasons, to prevent excessive local pressure from damaging the protective structure, the cross-sectional area of ​​each level of the pipe can also be appropriately increased. The shell of the battery module is provided with a first-level one-way safety valve, which is opened in an accident state. The first-level smoke exhaust duct is connected to each first-level one-way safety valve respectively, and then extends outward after being aggregated and connected to the first-level cooling module. The first-stage cooling module is installed in the prefabricated cabin to handle primary accidents at the battery module level.

[0074] At least a portion of the smoke access duct of the low-level battery system is wrapped in the shell of the high-level battery system. This portion of the smoke access duct is provided with a pressure relief interface. When the pressure relief interface is opened, the accident smoke can be directly introduced into the shell of the high-level battery system.

[0075] The shell of the battery module can be designed to have high temperature resistance and heat insulation functions as the first-level shell. The shell and partition of the battery cabinet can also be designed to have high temperature resistance and heat insulation functions, and the shell and partition of the battery cabinet and the shell of the battery module together constitute the first-level shell. At this time, there is no airtightness requirement for the partition, and the partition is mainly used to block heat radiation and reduce heat convection. When the high-temperature smoke from the accident can be discharged in time, the closed shell of the battery module does not need to withstand excessive atmospheric pressure, which can reduce the difficulty and cost of manufacturing.

[0076] Before the first-stage smoke exhaust duct passes through the shell of the battery cabinet and extends outward, a first-stage pressure relief interface is provided. The pressure relief interface is used to monitor the internal pressure of the first-stage smoke exhaust duct after aggregation. When the accident spreads and causes the internal pressure of the first-stage smoke exhaust duct to increase, the pressure relief device opens to guide the accident smoke into the space of the battery cabinet.

[0077] The pressure relief interface includes three interfaces, the air inlet, the exhaust port and the pressure relief port; the air inlet is connected to the smoke access pipe of the same level in the shell of the higher level. The exhaust port is connected to the external smoke exhaust pipe outside the shell of the higher level. The pressure relief port is connected to the internal space of the shell of the higher level. Under normal conditions, the exhaust port and the pressure relief port are both closed. Under accident conditions, the pressure increase on the air inlet side causes the exhaust port to open and discharge the accident smoke to the exhaust port. When the accident spreads and the internal smoke volume increases significantly, causing the pressure to continue to rise, the pressure relief port opens, and the accident smoke is introduced into the shell of the higher level and then discharged. At the same time, the exhaust port can be closed to stop outputting the accident smoke to the external smoke exhaust pipe of the same level. The normally closed state of the exhaust port is to prevent the backflow of accident smoke generated at other locations.

[0078] The three battery cabinets are enclosed in the shell of the battery cluster, or a dynamic protective structure can be used, such as setting a fire shutter door between each battery cluster, which is in a retracted state under normal conditions and fully unfolded in the event of an accident to achieve fireproof and heat-insulating isolation between each battery cluster. The top of the three battery cabinets is equipped with a second-level one-way safety valve, which is opened in the event of an accident. The second-level smoke exhaust duct is connected to the three second-level one-way safety valves respectively, and then extends outward after being aggregated and connected to the second-level cooling module. The second-level cooling module adopts an external mobile cooling module.

[0079] Before the second-stage smoke exhaust pipe passes through the shell of the battery cluster and extends outward, a second-stage pressure relief interface is provided. The pressure relief interface is used to monitor the internal pressure of the second-stage smoke exhaust pipe after aggregation. When the accident spreads and causes the internal pressure of the second-stage smoke exhaust pipe to increase, the pressure relief device opens to guide the accident smoke into the space of the battery cluster. The structural form of the second-stage pressure relief interface is the same as the above-mentioned first-stage pressure relief interface.

[0080] Six battery clusters are enclosed in the shell of the prefabricated cabin. The tops of the six battery clusters are respectively provided with third-level one-way safety valves, which are opened in the event of an accident. The third-level smoke exhaust duct is connected to the three third-level one-way safety valves respectively, and is divided into three summary channels extending outward from the top of the prefabricated cabin and connected to the third-level cooling module. The three summary channels are arranged in an up-and-down manner and connected to the main smoke exhaust duct interface set on one side of the top of the prefabricated cabin. At the same time, the second-level smoke exhaust channel is also connected to the main smoke exhaust duct interface. The third-level cooling module is used together with the second-level cooling module Figure 6 The mobile cooling module shown in FIG. The setting of the one-way valves at various levels can prevent the smoke released from a shell having an accident from entering the space of other shells having no accident.

[0081] For indoor energy storage power station systems, the system setup and handling procedures are roughly the same as those for prefabricated cabin energy storage power station systems. It is only necessary to strictly implement zoning, graded fire isolation and reserve routes for mobile cooling modules.

[0082] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0083] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A battery system with accident emergency handling function, characterized in that: include: Housing, cooling module and battery; The housing is used to enclose the battery therein; The housing is provided with an accident smoke output interface, and in the case of a battery accident, smoke generated by the battery accident is discharged from the housing through the accident smoke output interface; The cooling module comprises: a cavity, a smoke inlet pipe, a smoke treatment unit and a smoke output structure; the cavity is used to store a working medium for cooling the accident smoke; the smoke inlet pipe is connected to the accident smoke output interface and the smoke treatment unit; the smoke treatment unit is arranged in the working medium to cool the smoke generated by the battery accident; the smoke output structure is used to discharge the smoke after the cooling treatment to the outside; The battery system with accident emergency handling function also includes: a cold storage module, a refrigeration cycle system and a cold release cycle system; The cold storage module is used to store cold energy; The refrigeration cycle system provides cooling and stores cold energy through the cold storage module; The cooling cycle system releases cooling energy to provide cooling energy to systems with cooling requirements; The low-temperature medium of the cold storage module is used as a working medium to cool down the flue gas generated by the battery accident, or the cold storage module supplements the cooling capacity of the cooling module.

2. A battery system with accident emergency handling function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold storage module is ice cold storage or water cold storage.

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