Quantum computer operating system, quantum computer, and readable storage medium

Abstract

A quantum computer operating system and a quantum computer are disclosed. The computer operating system includes: a quantum program compilation and optimization service module for performing the following processing: obtaining a quantum program to be executed, obtaining the topological structure of qubits in a quantum chip of a second quantum computing hardware device, and compiling the quantum program into a quantum computing task based on the topological structure; and a communication module for sending the quantum computing task to the second quantum computing hardware device for quantum computing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of quantum computing, and in particular, relates to a quantum computer operating system, a quantum computer, and a quantum computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] A quantum computer is a physical device that performs high-speed mathematical and logical operations, stores, and processes quantum information in accordance with the laws of quantum mechanics. When a device processes and calculates quantum information and runs quantum algorithms, it is a quantum computer. Quantum computers have become a key technology under research because they have a more efficient ability to process mathematical problems compared to ordinary computers. For example, they can accelerate the time to crack RSA keys from hundreds of years to a few hours.

[0003] The importance of an operating system for a computer is self-evident, not only for classical computers but even more so for the still nascent quantum computer technology. The quantum computer operating system determines the computing efficiency and stability of the quantum computer, and thus determines the practicality of the quantum computer. Currently, the quantum computer operating system is still in the research stage, and the industry has not proposed a widely recognized quantum computer operating system.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide a new quantum computer operating system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a quantum computer operating system and a quantum computer. The embodiments herein can generate quantum computing tasks based on the topological structure of a quantum computing chip, enhancing the generality of the quantum computer operating system.

[0006] The first embodiment of the present application provides a quantum computer operating system, including: a quantum program compilation and optimization service module for performing the following processing: obtaining a quantum program to be executed, obtaining the topological structure of quantum bits in a quantum chip of a second quantum computing hardware device, and compiling the quantum program into a quantum computing task based on the topological structure; and a communication module for sending the quantum computing task to the second quantum computing hardware device for quantum computing.

[0007] The quantum computer operating system as described above, wherein preferably, it further includes: a quantum bit management service module for performing the following processing: receiving the quantum computing task from the quantum program compilation and optimization service module, obtaining the current topological structure of available quantum bits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device, and selecting a quantum computing task to be processed from the quantum computing task based on the current topological structure, wherein the quantum bits required for the quantum computing task to be processed match the current topological structure; and the communication module sends the quantum computing task to be processed to the second quantum computing hardware device.

[0008] The quantum computer operating system as described above, wherein preferably, the number of qubits required for the quantum computing task to be processed is less than or equal to the number of qubits in the current topology.

[0009] The quantum computer operating system as described above, wherein preferably, the topology is the current topology of the available qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device, and the quantum program compilation optimization service module compiles the quantum program into a quantum computing task based on the current topology.

[0010] The quantum computer operating system as described above, wherein preferably, it further includes: a qubit management service module for obtaining the current topology of the available qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device and transmitting the current topology to the quantum program compilation optimization service module.

[0011] The quantum computer operating system as described above, wherein preferably, the quantum program is a program code in an intermediate language.

[0012] The quantum computer operating system as described above, wherein preferably, the quantum computing task includes a quantum circuit.

[0013] The quantum computer operating system as described above, wherein preferably, it further includes: an automatic calibration service module for automatically testing and calibrating the quantum chip.

[0014] The quantum computer operating system as described above, wherein preferably, it further includes: a quantum computing task scheduling and management service module for determining the quantum computing tasks to be allocated according to the priorities of the quantum computing tasks, where the priorities are determined based on the waiting time and execution time of the quantum computing tasks.

[0015] The second embodiment of the present application provides a quantum computer, including: a first quantum computing hardware device, on which the quantum computer operating system described in the first embodiment of the present application is set; and a second quantum computing hardware device communicating with the first quantum computing hardware device, including a quantum chip, wherein the communication module of the quantum computer operating system sends the quantum computing task to the second quantum computing hardware device for performing quantum computing.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the quantum computer operating system of the present disclosure includes: a quantum program compilation optimization service module for performing the following processing: obtaining a quantum program to be executed, obtaining the topological structure of qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device, and compiling the quantum program into a quantum computing task based on the topological structure; and a communication module for sending the quantum computing task to the second quantum computing hardware device for quantum computing. When scheduling quantum computing tasks, the quantum computer operating system in the present disclosure compiles the quantum computing program into a quantum computing task that matches the topological structure of the quantum chip in combination with the topological structure of the qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device, and then sends the quantum computing task that matches the quantum computing chip to the quantum computing chip for calculation, improving the versatility of the quantum computer operating system. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of a quantum computer in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic module diagram of a quantum computer operating system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic module diagram of a quantum computer operating system provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic module diagram of a quantum computer operating system provided in still another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0022] 10 - First quantum computing hardware device,

[0023] 11 - Processor

[0024] 12 - Memory

[0025] 100 - Quantum computer operating system,

[0026] 20 - Second quantum computing hardware device,

[0027] 21 - Quantum chip,

[0028] 102 - Quantum program compilation optimization service module,

[0029] 104 - Communication module,

[0030] 106 - Qubit management service module,

[0031] 108 - Automatic calibration service module,

[0032] 110 - Quantum Computing Task Scheduling and Management Service Module. Detailed Implementation Manner

[0033] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present disclosure, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present disclosure.

[0034] It should be noted that: Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements, numerical expressions, and numerical values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0035] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and in no way serves as any limitation to the present invention and its application or use.

[0036] Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the said technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the specification.

[0037] In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0038] It should be noted that: Similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 The structural block diagram of a quantum computer in the embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] As Figure 1 shown, the quantum computer includes a first quantum computing hardware device 10 and a second quantum computing hardware device 20.

[0041] A quantum computer operating system 100 is set on the first quantum computing hardware device 10. The first quantum computing hardware device 10 may include a processor 11 and may also include a memory 12. The quantum computer operating system 100 can be implemented through the processor 11 and the memory 12. The second quantum computing hardware device 20 communicates with the first quantum computing hardware device 10. The second quantum computing hardware device 20 includes a quantum chip 21.

[0042] The quantum computer operating system 100 includes a communication module. The quantum computer operating system 100 generates quantum computing tasks. The communication module sends the quantum computing tasks to the second quantum computing hardware device 20 for performing quantum computing.

[0043] The quantum computer operating system 100 is a computer program that manages quantum computing software and hardware resources. The relevant modules of each embodiment will be described below with reference to Figure 2 and 3 and Figure 4.

[0044] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a quantum computer operating system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] As Figure 2 shown, the quantum computer operating system 100 includes: a quantum program compilation and optimization service module 102 and a communication module 104.

[0046] The quantum program compilation and optimization service module 102 is used to implement the following processes:

[0047] - Obtain a quantum program to be executed,

[0048] - Obtain the topological structure of the qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device, and

[0049] - Based on the topological structure, compile the quantum program into a quantum computing task.

[0050] The communication module 104 is used to send the quantum computing task to the second quantum computing hardware device 20 for quantum computing.

[0051] Due to the current limitations of quantum computing, some components of classical operating systems cannot be transferred to quantum operating systems. Different from traditional computers, the computing unit in a quantum computer is a quantum chip, and there can be multiple different types of quantum chips, such as superconducting quantum chips, semiconductor quantum dot quantum chips, quantum well quantum chips, optical quantum chips, quantum topological quantum chips, etc. Each different quantum chip has different characteristics. Therefore, if quantum programs are directly designed for each different type of quantum chip, this requires designers to have in-depth knowledge of the underlying quantum chips. In addition, when such quantum programs are transplanted to other quantum computers, since the quantum chips change, the quantum programs need to be rewritten. These will bring great obstacles to the programming and use of quantum computers. In this embodiment, a quantum program compilation and optimization service module is set in the quantum computer operating system, thus eliminating the dependence of quantum programs on quantum chips. In this way, the same quantum program can be used for different quantum chips.

[0052] In addition, since the state of the quantum chip changes during use, by using the quantum program compilation and optimization service module here, it is possible to make the compiled quantum computing task adapt to the current state of the quantum chip. For example, the quantum computing task includes a quantum circuit.

[0053] For example, a quantum program can be program source code or object code. In one embodiment, the quantum program is program code in an intermediate language. The intermediate language can be a programming language between the source programming language and the object code language. The source programming language is closer to the human language and is easier for designers to understand and use. Designers can more efficiently design desired application programs using the source programming language. The object code is easier for the quantum computer to understand and run. However, as mentioned above, the object code may not be compatible with different quantum chips and cannot consider the particularities of the quantum chips, such as the current state change of the quantum chips. Therefore, for a quantum computer, the object code lacks flexibility. Using the program code in the intermediate language here can adapt to the characteristics of the quantum computer. For example, compared with the source programming language, the program code in the intermediate language is easier to be parsed and compiled by the quantum program compilation optimization service module, thus improving the execution efficiency and performance of the quantum computer. On the other hand, the quantum program compilation optimization service module can parse and compile the program code in the intermediate language according to the state of the quantum computer. Therefore, compared with the object code, the program code in the intermediate language can bring a higher degree of matching and flexibility with the quantum computer.

[0054] Figure 3 Fig. shows a schematic module diagram of a quantum computer operating system provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] As Figure 3 shown, the quantum computer operating system 100 includes a quantum program compilation optimization service module 102 and a communication module 104. The quantum program compilation optimization service module 102 and the communication module 104 can be the corresponding modules shown in Figure 2 and their descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0056] In addition, the quantum computer operating system 100 further includes: a qubit management service module 106.

[0057] In one embodiment, the qubit management service module 106 is used to implement the following processes:

[0058] - Receive a quantum computing task from the quantum program compilation optimization service module,

[0059] - Obtain the current topology of the available qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device, and

[0060] - Based on the current topology, select a quantum computing task to be processed from the quantum computing task, where the qubits required by the quantum computing task to be processed match the current topology.

[0061] Here, the communication module 104 sends the quantum computing task to be processed to the second quantum computing hardware device 20.

[0062] Different from classical computer systems, when allocating quantum computing tasks to a quantum chip, the current state of the quantum chip needs to be considered. Otherwise, it may cause a problem that the current state of the quantum chip cannot execute the allocated quantum computing task, resulting in the interruption of the quantum chip's calculation or a reduction in computing efficiency. Selecting the quantum computing task to be processed considering the current topology of available qubits can make the selected quantum computing task to be processed adapt to the current state of the quantum chip and avoid the situation where the quantum chip cannot execute the quantum computing task. The number of qubits required for the quantum computing task to be processed can be less than or equal to the number of qubits in the current topology. For example, according to the occupancy of the current quantum chip, only 3 qubits are available. In this case, the qubit management service module 106 can select a quantum computing task to be processed that uses fewer than 3 qubits and send it to the communication module 104. In this way, it is possible to prevent quantum computing tasks that require more qubits from blocking the processing of the quantum chip.

[0063] The quantum program compilation optimization service module 102 can also consider the state of the current quantum chip during compilation. In one example, the topology is the current topology of available qubits in the quantum chip 21 of the second quantum computing hardware device 20. The quantum program compilation optimization service module 102 compiles the quantum program into a quantum computing task based on the current topology.

[0064] In this way, the quantum program compilation optimization service module 102 can use the current state of the quantum chip to generate corresponding quantum computing tasks, thereby facilitating the allocation of subsequent quantum computing tasks and improving the overall operating performance of the quantum computer.

[0065] The qubit management service module 106 can pass the current topology to the quantum program compilation optimization service module 102. For example, the qubit management service module 106 is used to obtain the current topology of available qubits in the quantum chip 21 of the second quantum computing hardware device 20 and pass the current topology to the quantum program compilation optimization service module 102.

[0066] Figure 4 FIG. shows a schematic module diagram of a quantum computer operating system provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0067] As Figure 4As shown, the quantum computer operating system 100 includes a quantum program compilation and optimization service module 102, a qubit management service module 106, and a communication module 104. The quantum program compilation and optimization service module 102, the qubit management service module 106, and the communication module 104 can Figure 2 , 3 the modules shown in

[0068] Therefore, their descriptions will not be repeated here.

[0069] In addition, the quantum computer operating system 100 further includes: a quantum computing task scheduling and management service module 110.

[0070] In addition, as Figure 4 shown, the quantum computer operating system 100 may further include: an automatic calibration service module 108.

[0071] The automatic calibration service module 108 is used to automatically test and calibrate the quantum chip. The automatic calibration service module 108 can improve the availability of qubits on the quantum chip by improving the qubit fidelity.

[0072] In another embodiment, the above-mentioned quantum computer operating system can be installed in Figure 1 the quantum computer shown.

[0073] The quantum computer operating system disclosed here can be set in a computer-readable storage medium. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed here also provide a computer-readable storage medium, in which executable commands of the quantum computer operating system are stored. When the executable commands are executed by a processor, the quantum computer operating system described here is implemented.

[0074] Therefore, the embodiments disclosed here may include a quantum computer operating system, a quantum computer, and / or a quantum computer program product. The quantum computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium, on which executable commands of the quantum computer operating system are stored.

[0075] A quantum computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. A quantum computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the quantum computer-readable storage medium include: a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as a punched card or raised structures in grooves having instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0076] The executable instructions described herein for the quantum computer can be downloaded from the quantum computer-readable storage medium to respective quantum computing / processing devices, or downloaded to an external quantum computer or an external storage device via a network such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network. The network can include copper transmission cables, optical fiber transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each quantum computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer-readable program instructions for storage in a computer-readable storage medium in each computing / processing device.

[0077] The executable instructions for implementing a quantum computer operating system can be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code, intermediate code, or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The executable instructions can be executed entirely on a quantum computer, partially on a quantum computer, executed as a stand-alone software package, partially on a local quantum computer and partially on a remote quantum computer, or entirely on a remote quantum computer or server. In cases involving a remote quantum computer, the remote quantum computer can be connected to the local quantum computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external quantum computer (e.g., using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet). In some embodiments, by using the status information of the executable instructions of a quantum computer to customize an electronic circuit, such as a programmable logic circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA), the electronic circuit can execute the executable instructions of the quantum computer, thereby implementing the various embodiments herein.

[0078] Aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to block diagrams of a quantum computer operating system, a quantum computer, and a computer program product according to embodiments herein. It should be understood that each block of the block diagrams, and combinations of the blocks, can be implemented by executable instructions of a quantum computer.

[0079] These quantum computer executable instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, thereby producing a quantum computing machine such that when these instructions are executed by the processor of the quantum computer or other programmable data processing device, a means for implementing the functions / actions specified in one or more of the blocks of the block diagram is produced. These executable instructions can also be stored in a quantum computer-readable storage medium, and these instructions cause the quantum computer, the programmable data processing device, and / or other devices to operate in a specific manner. Thus, the quantum computer-readable medium storing the instructions includes a manufacture, which includes instructions for implementing aspects of the functions / processing specified in one or more of the blocks of the block diagram.

[0080] Quantum computer-readable program instructions can also be loaded onto a quantum computer, other programmable quantum data processing devices, or other quantum devices, such that a series of processes are executed on the quantum computer, other programmable quantum data processing devices, or other quantum devices to generate a process implemented by the quantum computer, thereby enabling the instructions executed on the quantum computer, other programmable quantum data processing devices, or other quantum devices to implement the functions / processes specified in one or more of the boxes in the block diagram.

[0081] The block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and processes of a quantum computer operating system, a quantum computer, and a computer program product according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each box in the block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a portion of an instruction that contains one or more quantum computer-executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the boxes may occur in a different order than that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram, as well as combinations of boxes, may be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based quantum system that performs the specified functions or actions, or may be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and quantum computer instructions. It is well known to those skilled in the art that implementation by hardware, implementation by software, and implementation by a combination of software and hardware are equivalent.

[0082] The structure, features, and effects of the present disclosure have been described in detail based on the embodiments shown in the drawings above. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited to the scope defined by the drawings. Any changes made according to the concept of the present disclosure, or equivalent embodiments modified into equivalent changes, should still be within the protection scope of the present disclosure as long as they do not exceed the spirit covered by the description and the drawings.

Claims

1. A quantum computer operating system, characterized in that, the quantum computer operating system is provided in a first quantum computing hardware device, and the quantum computer operating system includes: a quantum program compilation and optimization service module for performing the following processing: obtaining a quantum program to be executed, obtaining the topological structure of qubits in the quantum chip of a second quantum computing hardware device, compiling the quantum program into a quantum computing task based on the topological structure; and a communication module for sending the quantum computing task to the second quantum computing hardware device for quantum computing.

2. The quantum computer operating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, it further includes: a qubit management service module for performing the following processing: receiving the quantum computing task from the quantum program compilation and optimization service module, obtaining the current topological structure of available qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device, and selecting a quantum computing task to be processed from the quantum computing tasks based on the current topological structure, wherein the qubits required for the quantum computing task to be processed match the current topological structure; wherein the communication module sends the quantum computing task to be processed to the second quantum computing hardware device.

3. The quantum computer operating system according to claim 2, characterized in that, the number of qubits required for the quantum computing task to be processed is less than or equal to the number of qubits in the current topological structure.

4. The quantum computer operating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the topological structure is the current topological structure of available qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device, and the quantum program compilation and optimization service module compiles the quantum program into a quantum computing task based on the current topological structure.

5. The quantum computer operating system according to claim 4, characterized in that, it further includes: a qubit management service module for obtaining the current topological structure of available qubits in the quantum chip of the second quantum computing hardware device and passing the current topological structure to the quantum program compilation and optimization service module.

6. The quantum computer operating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the quantum program is a program code in an intermediate language.

7. The quantum computer operating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the quantum computing task includes a quantum circuit.

8. The quantum computer operating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, it further includes: an automatic calibration service module for automatically testing and calibrating the quantum chip.

9. The quantum computer operating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, it further includes: a quantum computing task scheduling and management service module for determining a quantum computing task to be allocated according to the priority of the quantum computing task, wherein the priority is determined based on the waiting time and execution time of the quantum computing task.

10. A quantum computer, including: a first quantum computing hardware device, wherein the quantum computer operating system according to any one of claims 1 - 9 is provided on the first quantum computing hardware device; and A second quantum computing hardware device communicating with a first quantum computing hardware device, including a quantum chip, wherein a communication module of the quantum computer operating system sends a quantum computing task to the second quantum computing hardware device for performing quantum computing.

11. A quantum computer-readable storage medium storing one or more quantum computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a quantum computer, implement the quantum computer operating system according to claim 1.

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