A method for identifying the spatial morphology and pattern evolution of villages and towns

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for identifying the spatial morphology and pattern evolution of villages and towns, comprising the following steps: step 1, determining the research sample and constructing a database of spatial morphological characteristics of rural settlements in the research area; step 2, identifying the spatial morphology of rural settlements at the prototype-mode-subtype level according to the different functions of the settlements and the basic terrain environment; step 3, comparing and analyzing the morphological diagrams and pattern diagrams of each prototype and derived mode with the spatial morphological diagrams of the samples at different periods, and dynamically observing the pattern evolution and spatial morphological pattern changes of rural settlements. The present invention is applicable to the identification of spatial morphology and pattern evolution of rural settlements across the country. It has a unified standard and can effectively identify the spatial morphological patterns and pattern evolution of rural settlements across the country, providing a scientific basis for the protection and development of rural settlements, and providing important support for rural planning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a technology for identifying the spatial form and pattern evolution of towns and villages, and belongs to the technical field of urban and rural planning. Background Art

[0002] Rural settlements are the most effective spatial units that supply cities, are close to nature, and carry nostalgia. Their spatial form is the result of the long-term accumulation of natural environment, social humanities, and spatial carriers that record the history of settlements and regional culture. In the past few decades, with the rapid development of urban and rural areas, rural material and economy have become increasingly abundant. The production and living needs of villagers and the survival and development status of rural areas have continued to become the focus of social attention. Problems such as rural urbanization, hollowing out, and convergence of regional characteristics have continued to emerge. It is particularly important to analyze the spatial morphological characteristics of rural settlements in combination with the regional environment and survival background, grasp and reveal the laws of development and evolution, and assist in rural planning and construction, shaping of regional characteristics, and protection of historical villages and towns.

[0003] At present, there are already abundant research results on the evolution of spatial morphology and pattern of rural settlements, but the factors affecting the evolution of spatial morphology and pattern are mostly relatively simple, and there is no standard and unified spatial morphology and pattern evolution identification technology applicable to rural settlements across the country. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a technology for identifying the spatial form and pattern evolution of villages and towns to make up for the shortcomings of the existing identification technology and provide a scientific basis for the protection and development of domestic rural settlements.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for identifying the spatial form and pattern evolution of villages and towns, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Determine the research sample and construct a database of spatial morphological characteristics of rural settlements in the study area;

[0007] Step 2: Identify the spatial form of rural settlements at the prototype-model-subtype level according to the different functions of settlements and terrain basic environment, including:

[0008] The first step is to classify the spatial morphological patterns into agricultural-oriented prototype, transportation-oriented prototype, trade-oriented prototype, industry-oriented prototype, tourism-oriented prototype, cultural-oriented prototype and urbanization prototype based on the main production relations and production methods in a specific period of time, and use the letters AG to represent them respectively;

[0009] The second step is to divide the agricultural-oriented prototype into four rural spatial form derivative models based on the spatial relationship between residence and farming: residence and farming juxtaposition, residence and farming interspersed, and steep residence and sparse farming, which are represented by A1, A2, A3, and A4 respectively;

[0010] Step 3: Establish the morphological diagram and pattern diagram of the above prototype and derived patterns, compare and analyze them with the sample spatial morphological diagram in the database of step 1, and determine the spatial morphological pattern of each sample;

[0011] Step 4: Divide the study area into multiple regional units. Based on the differences in the topographical basic environment of each regional unit in the study area, combined with the regional expressions of each prototype and derived model in different topographical environments, further obtain the regional spatial morphological model subtypes of each prototype and derived model.

[0012] Step 3: Compare and analyze the morphological diagrams and pattern diagrams of each prototype and derived model with the spatial morphological diagrams of the sample at different periods to dynamically observe the evolution of the pattern of rural settlements and changes in spatial morphological patterns.

[0013] The technical solution further defined in the present invention is that step one comprises:

[0014] The first step is to construct the attribute table of the morphological characteristics of the rural settlement samples, and divide the data of the research samples into four primary elements and several secondary elements according to basic information, human history, social economy, and spatial orientation, and enter them into the attribute table;

[0015] The second step is to visualize the spatial form of each rural settlement sample by combining geospatial data and software to form a spatial form diagram of the sample, which includes three elements: natural environment, artificial environment and spatial analysis.

[0016] The technical solution further defined in the present invention is: in the first step of the second step, the farming-oriented prototype is centered on residential and farming space; the transportation-oriented prototype adds transportation elements based on the farming-oriented prototype; the commerce-oriented prototype forms a market within the living circle of the settlement on the basis of the transportation-oriented prototype; the industry-oriented prototype is a settlement that is mainly based on agricultural and sideline industries and handicraft industries, and integrates production teams, processing and warehousing, and is equipped with external transportation trunk lines; the tourism-oriented prototype is that the original settlement has tourism service functions, and the tourism service is independent or integrated with the original settlement; the culture-oriented prototype is guided by the spirit of faith and combined with the natural environment to form a spiritual center or axis of the settlement; the urbanization prototype is that the urban and rural settlements are adjacent to each other in geographical location, and gradually merge into one through spatial connections.

[0017] The technical solution further defined in the present invention is: in the second step of the second step, the integrated type of residence and farming is that the land is open, and the farmland surrounds the houses, forming a spatial pattern of farming surrounding residence; the juxtaposition type of residence and farming is that the farmland is located in front of the mountain, and the mountain, settlement and lower part are arranged side by side, forming a spatial pattern of residence and farming together; the interspersed type of residence and farming is that the settlement land is compact, and the farmland is interspersed between houses and mountains, forming a spatial pattern of residence and mixed farming; the steep residence and sparse farming type is that the settlement is entrenched on a mountain with a large slope, with less farmland or pure animal husbandry, forming a spatial pattern of residence and sparse farming.

[0018] The technical solution further limited by the present invention is: in the fourth step of the step two, the regional spatial morphological pattern subtypes of each prototype and derived model are further obtained by dividing the BG prototype, i.e., the transportation, commerce, industry, tourism, culture, urbanization-oriented prototype and derived models A1, A2, A3, and A4, into 4+2+2+2+3+2+2+2+0+0, a total of 19 regional spatial morphological pattern subtypes, and obtaining the spatial morphological pattern and distribution chart applicable to each regional unit.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention is applicable to the identification of the spatial morphology and pattern evolution of rural settlements across the country. It has a unified standard and can effectively identify the spatial morphological patterns and pattern evolution of rural settlements across the country, providing a scientific basis for the protection and development of rural settlements and providing important support for rural planning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a rural settlement concept according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 Analysis of elements of the rural settlement spatial morphology schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 The farming-oriented spatial morphology model of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 The embodiments of the present invention extend the spatial morphology mode according to different continuing functions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0025] This embodiment takes Sichuan and Chongqing as an example to illustrate the specific implementation method of the present invention.

[0026] In this embodiment, Sichuan and Chongqing are defined as the administrative areas of the complete Sichuan Province and Chongqing City, including the Bashu Cultural Area and three prefectures and one city in western Sichuan and southwestern Sichuan (Aba Prefecture, Ganzi Prefecture, Liangshan Prefecture, and Panzhihua City).

[0027] The rural settlements here are in contrast to urban settlements, and mainly refer to residential settlements and village settlements, including production and living spaces and their surrounding ecological spaces, that is, including residential and related basic living facilities such as roads, public services, as well as production facilities such as cultivated land, agricultural and sideline product processing and tourism services, as well as ecological spaces such as water systems, ponds and nearby woods around settlements. Figure 1 This is a conceptual diagram of a rural settlement.

[0028] Step 1: Determine the research sample and construct a database of spatial morphological characteristics of rural settlements in Sichuan and Chongqing.

[0029] A total of 130 rural settlements (overlapping samples were counted as one), including national historical and cultural villages in Sichuan and Chongqing (7), provincial and municipal historical and cultural villages in Sichuan and Chongqing (53), and Chengdu city historical and cultural villages (12), the 2020 national villages with characteristic rural industries worth one billion yuan (18 in Sichuan and Chongqing), and the second batch of national key rural tourism villages in 2020 (40 in Sichuan and Chongqing), were selected as the general research samples.

[0030] The spatial morphological characteristics database of rural settlements in Sichuan and Chongqing was constructed in two steps:

[0031] The first step is to construct the attribute table of the morphological characteristics of the rural settlement samples. With the help of Excel and ArcMap attribute table functions, the data of the research samples are divided into four primary elements and several secondary elements according to basic information, human history, social economy, and spatial orientation, and entered into the attribute table. As shown in Table 1.

[0032] The second step is to use the graphical language method, based on geospatial data such as terrain contours, satellite images, and water systems, and use software such as ArcMap and Global Mapper to visualize the spatial form of each rural settlement sample and form a schematic diagram of the sample's spatial form, such as Figure 2 As shown, the basic graphic elements include three categories: natural environment elements, artificial environment elements and spatial analysis elements. Natural environment elements include contour lines, cultivated land, forest land, water system, etc.; artificial environment elements are historical buildings, general buildings, roads, etc.; spatial analysis elements include travel radius, compass, etc.

[0033] Table 1 Attribute table of rural settlement morphological characteristics

[0034]

[0035] Step 2: Identify the spatial form of rural settlements according to the prototype-model-subtype level based on the different functions of settlements and terrain basic environment. Specifically include:

[0036] The first step is to summarize the spatial morphology pattern into "1+6" with the main production relations and production methods in a specific time period, which is a total of 7 model prototypes, namely the agricultural-oriented prototype + transportation, commerce, industry, tourism, culture, and urbanization-oriented prototypes, represented by the letters AG. Among them, the six model prototypes of transportation, commerce, industry, tourism, culture, and urbanization are based on the agricultural-oriented prototype and are extended according to the different survival functions of rural settlements.

[0037] Agricultural-oriented archetype: centered on living and farming space.

[0038] Traffic-oriented prototype: Based on the farming-oriented prototype, traffic elements are added, and the settlement is extended accordingly, showing the characteristics of "residence follows the road".

[0039] Trade-oriented prototype: Based on the traffic-oriented prototype, a market is formed within the living circle of the settlement, presenting the characteristics of a "living-in-market".

[0040] Industry-oriented prototype: The settlement is mainly based on agricultural and sideline products and handicraft industries, integrating production teams, processing and warehousing functions, and is equipped with external transportation arteries, showing the characteristics of "integrated production and marketing".

[0041] Tourism-oriented prototype: the indigenous settlements have tourism service functions, and tourism services are either independent or integrated with the indigenous settlements, presenting the characteristics of "living and traveling together".

[0042] Culturally oriented archetype: guided by the spirit of faith and combined with the natural environment, it forms the spiritual center or axis of the settlement, presenting the characteristics of "following unity".

[0043] Prototype of urbanization: The urban and rural settlements are adjacent to each other in geographical location, and gradually merge into one through spatial connection, showing the characteristics of "urban-rural integration".

[0044] The second step is to divide the agricultural-oriented prototype into four rural spatial morphological patterns based on the spatial relationship between residence and farming: residence-farming integration type, residence-farming juxtaposition type, residence-farming interspersed type, and steep residence and sparse farming type, which are represented by A1, A2, A3, and A4 respectively.

[0045] Integration of residential and farming type: the land is open and farmland surrounds the residential areas, forming a spatial pattern of "farming surrounding residential areas".

[0046] The type of juxtaposition of settlement and cultivation: the cultivated land is located in front of the mountain, and the mountain, settlement and cultivated land are arranged side by side, forming a spatial pattern of "living and cultivating together". Influenced by the mountains or water systems around the settlement, the settlement is often located at the foot of the mountain or in the open space in front of the mountain, and the cultivated land is located in the open space in front of the mountain or beside the water, forming a spatial juxtaposition of the three ecological-living-production spaces (mountains, settlements, cultivated land). The settlement form with the back of the mountain and the cultivation facing the mountain can be summarized as "living and cultivating together".

[0047] The type of interlaced residence and cultivation: The settlement land is compact, and the cultivated land is interlaced between houses and mountains, forming a spatial pattern of "living and cultivating". Affected by the undulating terrain, the settlement land is relatively compact, and the living space and the cultivation space are interlaced. The cultivated land is scattered with the living space depending on the terrain and natural resources. Its types mainly include mountain cultivated land and cultivated land between houses. The living and production spaces are interlaced and chaotically distributed. Its characteristics can be summarized as "living and cultivating".

[0048] Steep settlement and sparse farming type: The settlements are located on the mountain with a large slope, with less cultivated land or pure animal husbandry, forming a spatial pattern of "sparse settlement and sparse farming". Under the influence of terrain height difference and regional climate extremes, the basic conditions of cultivated land are poor, and the cultivated land is manifested as sparse cultivated land or pure animal husbandry with no cultivated land. This type of form is affected by comprehensive factors such as terrain, altitude, climate, and ethnicity, and its characteristics can be summarized as "sparse settlement and sparse farming".

[0049] The third step is to establish the morphological diagram and pattern diagram of the above prototype and derived patterns, and compare and analyze them with the sample spatial morphological diagram in the database of step one, so as to determine the spatial morphological pattern of each sample.

[0050] The morphological diagrams, pattern diagrams and corresponding sample pattern examples of the four spatial morphological patterns A1, A2, A3 and A4 divided by the farming-oriented prototype are shown in the figure. Figure 3 shown.

[0051] Based on the agricultural-oriented prototype, the morphological diagrams and model diagrams of the transportation, commerce, industry, tourism, culture, and urbanization-oriented prototypes extended according to the different survival functions of rural settlements and the corresponding sample model examples are shown below. Figure 4 shown.

[0052] The fourth step is to divide the Sichuan-Chongqing region into multiple regional units. Based on the differences in the basic terrain environment of each regional unit in the study area, explore the regional expressions of each prototype and derived model in different terrain environments (plains-shallow hills-ridge valleys-mountains-plateau mountains), from simple to complex, from flat terrain to steep terrain, and further summarize the regional spatial morphological pattern subtypes of each prototype and derived model.

[0053] Taking into account the differences in topography, climate, wind direction, customs and habits in the study area, the Sichuan-Chongqing area is divided into eight major regional units: the Chengdu Plain in western Sichuan, the hills in central Sichuan, the parallel ridges and valleys in eastern Sichuan, the mountains in the northeast, southeastern Chongqing and southern Sichuan basins, the mountains in western Sichuan and the mountains in western Sichuan plateau.

[0054] According to the different basic terrain environments of various regional units in the study area, the regional expressions of various prototypes and derived models in different terrain environments (plains-hills-mountains-plateau mountains) are explored, from simple to complex, from flat terrain to steep terrain, and the prototypes BG transportation, commerce, industry, tourism, culture, urbanization-oriented prototypes and derived models A1, A2, A3, A4 are further divided into 19, namely 4+2+2+2+3+2+2+2+0+0 regional spatial morphological pattern subtypes, and the spatial morphological patterns and distribution diagrams applicable to each regional unit are obtained, as shown in Table 2.

[0055] Table 2 Analysis of spatial morphological patterns of rural settlements in Sichuan and Chongqing

[0056]

[0057] As shown in Table 2, the topographic differences

[0058] A1 is divided into A11 and A12. A11 is distributed on the plains, with a typical example being Qunan Village, Longxing Town, Chongzhou City. A12 is distributed on the hills, with a typical example being Shipaifang Village, Fangdong Town, Lu County.

[0059] A2 is divided into A21 and A22. A21 is distributed in hills, with a typical example being Yufeng Village, Yulong Town, Dazu District. A22 is distributed in mountains and plateaus, with a typical example being Qinggang Village, Wuguan Township, Leibo County, Liangshan Prefecture.

[0060] B is divided into B1, B2, B3, and B4, with representative examples being Qingxi Village, Yuantong Town, Chongzhou City, Daping Village, Wenjingjiang Town, Chongzhou City, Xinxi Village, Zhaoya Town, Lu County, and Liangya Village, Mawang Town, Youyang County;

[0061] C is divided into C1 and C2, with representative examples being Shanghe Village, Yongsheng Town, Wenjiang District and Yufeng Village, Yulong Town, Dazu District;

[0062] D is divided into D1 and D2, with representative examples being Qinggang Village in Leibo County, Liangshan Prefecture and Daba Village in Yongle Town, Fengjie County;

[0063] E is divided into E1 and E2, with representative examples being Youfanggou Village, Xiangru Street, Peng'an County and Yantang Village, Furong Street, Wulong District;

[0064] F is divided into F1, F2, and F3, with representative examples being Anzhen Village in Qingyang Town, Fuling District, Tiangongyuan Village in Tiangong Township, Langzhong City, and Yishala Village in Pingdi Town, Panzhihua City;

[0065] G is divided into G1 and G2, with representative examples being Chuanxi Village, Lirang Town, Liangping District and Gaohuai Village, Donghu Township, Jingyang District, Deyang City.

[0066] Step 3: Compare and analyze the morphological diagrams and pattern diagrams of each prototype and derived model with the spatial morphological diagrams of the sample at different periods, so as to dynamically observe the evolution of the pattern of rural settlements and the changes in spatial morphological patterns.

[0067] Due to the large sample size, only the changes in spatial morphological patterns of some research samples in Sichuan and Chongqing from the traditional farming period to the modern period are shown, as shown in Table 3.

[0068] Table 3 Changes in spatial morphology of some settlements

[0069]

[0070] The applicant of the present invention has made a detailed explanation and description of the implementation examples of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the specification. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the above implementation examples are only preferred implementation schemes of the present invention, and the detailed description is only to help readers better understand the spirit of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. On the contrary, any improvements or modifications based on the inventive spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying the spatial morphology and pattern evolution of villages and towns, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Determine the research sample and construct a database of spatial morphological characteristics of rural settlements in the study area; Step 2: Identify the spatial form of rural settlements at the prototype-model-subtype level according to the different functions of settlements and terrain basic environment, including: The first step is to classify the spatial morphological patterns into agricultural-oriented prototype, transportation-oriented prototype, trade-oriented prototype, industry-oriented prototype, tourism-oriented prototype, cultural-oriented prototype and urbanization prototype based on the production relations and production methods in a specific period of time, and use the letters AG to represent them respectively; The second step is to divide the agricultural-oriented prototype into four rural spatial form derivative models based on the spatial relationship between residence and farming: residence and farming juxtaposition, residence and farming interspersed, and steep residence and sparse farming, which are represented by A1, A2, A3, and A4 respectively; Step 3: Establish the morphological diagram and pattern diagram of the above prototype and derived patterns, compare and analyze them with the sample spatial morphological diagram in the database of step 1, and determine the spatial morphological pattern of each sample; The fourth step is to divide the study area into multiple regional units. According to the differences in the basic terrain environment of each regional unit in the study area, combined with the regional expression of each prototype and derived model in different terrain environments, the regional spatial morphological pattern subtypes of each prototype and derived model are further obtained; the regional spatial morphological pattern subtypes of each prototype and derived model are to divide the BG prototype, i.e., transportation, commerce, industry, tourism, culture, urbanization-oriented prototype and derived models A1, A2, A3, A4, into 4+2+2+2+3+2+2+2+0+0, a total of 19 regional spatial morphological pattern subtypes, and obtain the spatial morphological pattern and distribution chart applicable to each regional unit; Step 3: Compare and analyze the morphological diagrams and pattern diagrams of each prototype and derived model with the spatial morphological diagrams of the sample at different periods to dynamically observe the evolution of the pattern of rural settlements and changes in spatial morphological patterns.

2. The method for identifying the spatial form and pattern evolution of towns and villages according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step one includes: The first step is to construct the attribute table of the morphological characteristics of the rural settlement samples, and divide the data of the research samples into four primary elements and several secondary elements according to basic information, human history, social economy, and spatial orientation, and enter them into the attribute table; The second step is to visualize the spatial form of each rural settlement sample by combining geospatial data and software to form a spatial form diagram of the sample, which includes three elements: natural environment, artificial environment and spatial analysis.

3. The method for identifying the spatial form and pattern evolution of towns and villages according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the second step of step two, the integrated type of residence and farming is characterized by open land, with farmland surrounding the houses, forming a spatial pattern of farming surrounding residence; the juxtaposition type of residence and farming is characterized by farmland located in front of the mountain, with mountains, settlements and lower areas arranged side by side, forming a spatial pattern of residence and farming together; the interspersed type of residence and farming is characterized by compact settlement land, with farmland interspersed between houses and mountains, forming a spatial pattern of residence and mixed farming; the steep settlement and sparse farming type is characterized by settlements located on mountains with steeper slopes, with less farmland or pure animal husbandry, forming a spatial pattern of residence and sparse farming.

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