A method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection technology, and discloses a method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube. First, the mercury-containing lamp tube to be treated and a mercury absorbent are placed in a reaction container and sealed, and then the reaction container is turned over so that the mercury-containing lamp tube to be treated rolls in the reaction container, and is repeatedly impacted to break it and release mercury vapor. The mercury vapor and the mercury absorbent are combined to form a precipitate. The entire reaction process is carried out in the sealed reaction container. Further, the sealing cover is opened, and a curing material is poured from the material delivery port. The concrete solidifies the lamp tube fragments and solid mercuric sulfide in the reaction container to form a solidified block. Then the reaction container is packaged and landfilled as a whole, and no human contact with mercury is required, and the safety performance is good. The method for treating the mercury-containing lamp tube provided by the invention does not require large-scale equipment, has low requirements on the working environment, has low requirements on operators, has a short disposal cycle, and does not require a lot of preparation work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular to a method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mercury content of a T12 mercury lamp with a tube diameter of 36mm in my country is about 25-45mg; the mercury content of a T5 mercury lamp with a tube diameter of 16mm is about 20mg; the mercury content of a compact mercury lamp with a tube diameter of 10mm is about 10mg. In recent years, my country has produced about 900 million mercury-containing lamps annually. Based on the average mercury content of 30mg per lamp, the total amount of mercury in the mercury-containing lamps produced in my country each year is about 27t.

[0003] After a certain number of years of use, mercury-containing lamps are scrapped or damaged and are classified as HW29 hazardous wastes, which need to be collected and disposed of as hazardous wastes. Since the main harmful component in mercury-containing lamps is mercury vapor, which can enter the human body through different pathways such as the respiratory tract, skin or digestive tract, causing neurotoxicity and deep tissue lesions, and even mental confusion, and then convulsions and death; compared with general liquid or solid hazardous wastes, it is more difficult to dispose of and has a higher disposal cost.

[0004] The current main methods for disposing of mercury-containing lamps are incineration and recycling. The incineration method will cause the mercury in the mercury-containing lamp to vaporize, which can easily cause secondary pollution; the recycling method has a large demand for mercury-containing lamps, large initial construction investment and high operating costs. If there are not enough discarded mercury-containing lamps, sufficient profits cannot be guaranteed and it is not feasible. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube, which is safe, efficient and low-cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube, which comprises:

[0007] Packaging: placing the mercury-containing lamp tube to be treated and the mercury absorbent into a reaction container, and sealing the reaction container;

[0008] Crushing: turning over the reaction container, so that the mercury-containing lamp to be treated is crushed into lamp fragments and releases mercury vapor, and the mercury vapor fully contacts with the mercury absorbent to react chemically to form precipitation;

[0009] Solidification: adding solidification material into the reaction container, the solidification material solidifies the lamp tube fragments and precipitation produced during the crushing, and forms a solidified block;

[0010] Landfill: Seal the reaction container and then landfill it.

[0011] Preferably, after the solidified block is formed, the solidified block needs to be tested for leaching toxicity, and the testing steps include:

[0012] preparing a leachate from the solidified block, and measuring the mercury content of the leachate;

[0013] When the leaching solution is qualified, the reaction container is sealed and then landfilled;

[0014] When the leaching solution is unqualified, the solidified blocks are broken and the solidification step is repeated.

[0015] Preferably, in the packaging step, an impact block is also added into the reaction container.

[0016] Preferably, the mercury absorbent is sulfur powder.

[0017] Preferably, the solidifying material is concrete.

[0018] Preferably, the crushing step uses a processing device for mercury-containing lamp tubes, and the processing device for mercury-containing lamp tubes comprises:

[0019] A base, on which a support member is mounted;

[0020] A flip assembly, the flip assembly comprising a rotating shaft and a driving mechanism for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft being rotatably connected to the supporting member;

[0021] A plurality of reaction containers, wherein the reaction containers are clamped and mounted on the flip assembly by a clamping assembly, wherein the clamping assembly comprises a frame, a first clamping member and a second clamping member, wherein the first clamping member is fixedly mounted in the frame, and the second clamping member comprises a threaded rod and a clamping block, and the frame is provided with a through threaded hole, wherein the threaded rod passes through the threaded hole and extends into the frame and is connected to the clamping block, and the first clamping member and the clamping block are arranged facing each other;

[0022] The reaction container is provided with a reaction chamber for accommodating a mercury-containing lamp tube and a material delivery port communicated with the reaction chamber, and the reaction container is connected with a sealing cover for closing the material delivery port.

[0023] Preferably, the support member includes a first support member and a second support member installed at an interval;

[0024] Two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the first supporting member and the second supporting member.

[0025] Preferably, the rotating shaft comprises a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, one end of the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first supporting member, and the other end of the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the frame;

[0026] One end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the other end of the frame, and the other end of the second rotating shaft passes through the second supporting member and is connected to the driving mechanism.

[0027] Preferably, the driving mechanism is connected to the rotating shaft through a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism includes a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a transmission belt connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the driving wheel is fixed on the output shaft of the driving mechanism, and the driven wheel is fixed to the end of the second rotating shaft.

[0028] Preferably, the driving mechanism is a motor.

[0029] The present invention provides a method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The treatment method of the mercury-containing lamp tube provided by the present invention comprises packaging, crushing, solidification and landfilling; firstly, the mercury-containing lamp tube to be treated and the mercury absorbent are put into a reaction container and sealed, and then the reaction container is turned over so that the mercury-containing lamp tube to be treated rolls in the reaction container, and is repeatedly impacted to be broken to release mercury vapor, and the mercury vapor is combined with the mercury absorbent to form precipitation, and the whole reaction process is carried out in the sealed reaction container, without contamination of mercury waste, and during the whole operation process, the operators and tools are not polluted, which is safe and environmentally friendly; and this embodiment abandons the method of using a stirrer for stirring, and selects stones to impact and crush the mercury-containing lamp tube to be treated, which is primitive, efficient, safe and low in cost.

[0031] Furthermore, the sealing cover is opened, and a curing material is poured from the material delivery port, and the curing material solidifies the lamp tube fragments and precipitation generated during the crushing process to form a solidified block; then the reaction container is packaged and landfilled as a whole, and no human contact with mercury is required, and the safety performance is good. The treatment method of the mercury-containing lamp tube provided by the present invention does not require large-scale equipment, has low requirements on the working environment and the operating personnel, has a short treatment cycle, and does not require a lot of preparation work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a reaction container provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a device for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 100, a treatment device for a mercury-containing lamp;

[0035] 1. base; 21. first support member; 22. second support member;

[0036] 31. first rotating shaft; 32. second rotating shaft; 33. driving mechanism; 34. output shaft;

[0037] 4. reaction container; 41. reaction chamber; 42. sealing cover;

[0038] 5. Clamping assembly; 51. Frame; 52. First clamping member; 53. Handle; 54. Threaded rod; 55. Clamping block;

[0039] 6. Transmission mechanism; 61. Driving wheel; 62. Transmission belt; 63. Transmission wheel;

[0040] 71. Mercury-containing lamps; 72. Stones; 73. Sulfur powder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments.

[0042] It should be understood that, in the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features, that is, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0043] It should be noted that in the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube, which comprises the following steps:

[0045] Packaging: placing the mercury-containing lamp tube to be treated and the mercury absorbent into a reaction container, and sealing the reaction container;

[0046] Specifically, the reaction container 4 is provided with a reaction chamber 41 and a material delivery port connected to the reaction chamber 41. First, the impact block and the pump absorbent are delivered to the reaction chamber 41, and then the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated is delivered to the reaction chamber 41, and then the sealing cover 42 is covered on the material delivery port, and the sealing treatment of the reaction chamber 41 is completed. It can be understood that if the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated is delivered first and then the impact block and the pump absorbent are delivered, the impact block delivered later may impact the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated, causing the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated to rupture, and the mercury vapor in the lamp tube is released, causing a safety hazard.

[0047] Crushing: turning over the reaction container, so that the mercury-containing lamp to be treated is crushed into lamp fragments and releases mercury vapor, and the mercury vapor fully contacts with the mercury absorbent to react chemically to form precipitation;

[0048] Specifically, the reaction container 4 is turned over and shaken, and the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated collides with the impact block, and the impact block impacts the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated, so that the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated is broken into lamp tube fragments, and the mercury vapor in the lamp tube is released. Preferably, the impact block is a stone 72; at the same time, because the reaction container 4 is turned over and shaken, the mercury vapor and the mercury absorbent are fully contacted, and a chemical reaction is carried out to form a precipitate; in this embodiment, the mercury absorbent is sulfur powder 73, and the mercury vapor and the sulfur powder 73 are combined to form a solid mercuric sulfide precipitate that is non-volatile and non-decomposable at room temperature. In this embodiment, the reaction container 4 equipped with the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated, sulfur powder 73, and stone 72 and sealed is fixed on the turning assembly, turned at an appropriate speed, so that the stone 72 rolls in the reaction container 4, repeatedly hits the lamp tube to break it and release mercury vapor, and the mercury vapor and the sulfur powder 73 in the reaction container 4 fully react, and the entire reaction process is carried out in the sealed reaction container 4, without manual direct contact with the mercury-containing waste. This embodiment abandons the method of using a stirrer to stir, and uses stones 72 to impact and crush the mercury-containing lamp tube 71 to be treated, which is primitive, efficient, safe and low-cost.

[0049] Solidification: adding solidification material into the reaction container, the solidification material solidifies the lamp tube fragments and precipitation produced during the crushing, and forms a solidified block;

[0050] Specifically, the sealing cover 42 is opened, and concrete is poured from the material delivery port. The concrete solidifies the lamp tube fragments and solid mercuric sulfide in the reaction container 4 to form a solidified block.

[0051] After the solidified block is formed, it is also necessary to test the leaching toxicity of the solidified block, and the testing steps include: preparing a leachate from the solidified block, and measuring the mercury content of the leachate; when the leachate is qualified, the reaction container 4 is sealed and then landfilled; when the leachate is unqualified, the solidified block is broken and the solidification step is repeated.

[0052] Specifically, after the concrete solidification, the mercury has entered the solidified block through the transformation of form and valence state, and its pollution ability to the external environment is manifested by its leaching toxicity, and the final solidification disposal effect of mercury can be characterized by measuring its leaching toxicity: since the solidified block is finally landfilled in the flexible landfill of hazardous waste, it is necessary to carry out leaching toxicity detection according to the relevant requirements of the hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard (GB 18598-2019). For the solidified block that meets the landfill requirements, the reaction container 4 where the solidified block is located is sealed, and then the reaction container 4 and the solidified block in the reaction container 4 are landfilled as a whole; the solidified block that does not meet the landfill requirements needs to be crushed and re-solidified, and the re-solidified solidified block is subjected to leaching toxicity detection until it meets the landfill requirements before it can be landfilled. Preferably, the material of the reaction container 4 is HDPE (high-density polyethylene).

[0053] Preferably, in step S4, the step of testing the leaching toxicity of the solidified block includes: preparing a leachate from the solidified block according to "HJ / T299-2007 Solid Waste Leaching Toxicity Leaching Method Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid Method", and determining the mercury content of the leachate according to "HJ702-2014 Solid Waste Determination of Mercury, Arsenic, Selenium, Bismuth, and Antimony by Microwave Digestion / Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry". According to the determined mercury content, the pollution control standard for hazardous waste landfill (GB 18598-2019) is compared to determine whether it meets the landfill requirements.

[0054] Preferably, if Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the crushing step provided in this embodiment is processed by a processing device 100 for mercury-containing lamps. The processing device 100 for mercury-containing lamps includes: a base 1, a support member, a flip assembly, a clamping assembly 5 and a reaction container 4. The base 1 is fixedly connected to the support member. The flip assembly includes a rotating shaft and a driving mechanism 33 for driving the rotating shaft to rotate. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the support member. The reaction container 4 is clamped and installed on the rotating shaft by the clamping assembly 5. The clamping assembly 5 includes a frame 51, a first clamping member 52 and a second clamping member. The first clamping member 52 is fixedly installed in the frame 51, the second clamping member includes a threaded rod 54 and a clamping block 55, and the frame 51 is provided with a through threaded hole, the threaded rod 54 passes through the threaded hole and extends into the frame 51 and is connected to the clamping block 55, the first clamping member 52 and the clamping block 55 are arranged opposite to each other, wherein the reaction container 4 is provided with a reaction chamber 41 for accommodating a mercury-containing lamp tube and a material delivery port communicated with the reaction chamber 41, and a sealing cover 42 for closing the material delivery port is connected to the reaction container 4.

[0055] Based on the above structure, the sealing cover 42 is opened, and the mercury-containing lamp tube 71, stone 72 and sulfur powder 73 to be processed are placed into the reaction container 4. It should be noted that a plurality of reaction containers 4 are fixedly installed in the frame of this embodiment, so that batch processing can be carried out to improve the processing efficiency; the sealing cover 42 is then covered to ensure the sealing of the reaction container 4; one end of the reaction container 4 is abutted against the first clamping member 52, and then the handle 53 is turned to make the clamping block 55 move closer to the reaction block close to the first clamping member 52, so that the first clamping member 52 and the second clamping member cooperate to clamp and install the reaction container 4.

[0056] Furthermore, the driving mechanism 33 is started, and the driving mechanism 33 drives the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the frame and the reaction container 4 in the frame to rotate 360° around the rotating shaft, so that the frame and the reaction container 4 in the frame are turned upside down, thereby the stone 72 rolls in the reaction container 4, repeatedly hits the lamp tube to break it and release mercury vapor, and the mercury vapor and the sulfur powder 73 in the reaction container 4 fully react. The entire reaction process is carried out in the sealed reaction container 4, and there is no mercury waste contamination throughout the process. During the entire operation process, the operator and the tools are not contaminated, which is safe and environmentally friendly. At the same time, the treatment device 100 for the mercury-containing lamp tube provided in this embodiment has a simple structure, does not require large equipment, is low-cost, has low requirements on the working environment, and has low requirements on the operator.

[0057] Preferably, the support member includes a first support member 21 and a second support member 22 installed at an interval, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the first support member 21 and the second support member 22. The rotating shaft is jointly supported by the first support member 21 and the second support member 22, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the rotating shaft.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments, the rotating shaft includes a first rotating shaft 31 and a second rotating shaft, one end of the first rotating shaft 31 is rotatably connected to the first support member 21, and the other end of the first rotating shaft 31 is fixedly connected to the left end of the frame; one end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the right end of the frame, and the other end of the second rotating shaft passes through the second support member 22 and is connected to the driving mechanism 33. In this way, the frame is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the support member, and the driving mechanism 33 drives the rotating shaft to rotate relative to the support member, thereby driving the frame to flip.

[0059] Preferably, the driving mechanism 33 is connected to the rotating shaft through a transmission mechanism 6, and the transmission mechanism 6 includes a driving wheel 61, a driven wheel 63 and a transmission belt 62 connecting the driving wheel 61 and the driven wheel 63. The driving wheel 61 is fixed to the output shaft 34 of the driving mechanism 33, and the driven wheel 63 is fixed to the end of the second rotating shaft. Specifically, a driven wheel 63 is fixed to the end of the second rotating shaft. A driving wheel 61 is provided on the output shaft 34 of the driving mechanism 33. The driving wheel 61 and the driven wheel 63 are connected by a transmission belt 62. The driving mechanism 33 drives the output shaft 34 to rotate, thereby driving the driving wheel 61, the transmission belt 62, the driven wheel 63 and the rotating shaft to rotate, so that the reaction container 4 rotates 360° around the rotating shaft.

[0060] In other preferred embodiments, a rotating shaft is provided on the back of the frame, one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first support member 21, and the other end of the rotating shaft passes through the second support member 22 and is connected to the driving mechanism 33. The frame is rotatably mounted on the support member through the rotating shaft, and one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the driving mechanism 33 to drive the device to rotate and drive the frame to flip. Preferably, the driving mechanism 33 is a motor.

[0061] After the crushing step is completed by the processing device 100 of the mercury-containing lamp tube provided in this embodiment, the motor is turned off and the subsequent solidification and landfilling are continued. The processing device 100 and processing method of the mercury-containing lamp tube are suitable for processing small batches and intermittent mercury-containing lamp tubes.

[0062] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating a mercury-containing lamp, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Packaging: placing the mercury-containing lamp tube to be treated and the mercury absorbent into a reaction container, and sealing the reaction container; Crushing: turning over the reaction container, so that the mercury-containing lamp to be treated is crushed into lamp fragments and releases mercury vapor, and the mercury vapor fully contacts with the mercury absorbent to react chemically to form precipitation; Solidification: adding solidification material into the reaction container, the solidification material solidifies the lamp tube fragments and precipitation produced during the crushing, and forms a solidified block; Landfill: Seal the reaction container and then landfill it; After the solidified block is formed, the solidified block needs to be tested for leaching toxicity, and the testing steps include: preparing a leachate from the solidified block, and measuring the mercury content of the leachate; When the leaching solution is qualified, the reaction container is sealed and then landfilled; When the leaching solution is unqualified, the solidified block is broken and the solidification step is repeated; In the packaging step, an impact block is also added into the reaction container.

2. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mercury absorbent is sulfur powder.

3. The processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solidifying material is concrete.

4. The method for treating a mercury-containing lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing step uses a processing device for mercury-containing lamp tubes for processing, and the processing device for mercury-containing lamp tubes includes: A base, on which a support member is mounted; A flip assembly, the flip assembly comprising a rotating shaft and a driving mechanism for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft being rotatably connected to the supporting member; A plurality of reaction containers, wherein the reaction containers are clamped and mounted on the flip assembly by a clamping assembly, wherein the clamping assembly comprises a frame, a first clamping member and a second clamping member, wherein the first clamping member is fixedly mounted in the frame, and the second clamping member comprises a threaded rod and a clamping block, and the frame is provided with a through threaded hole, wherein the threaded rod passes through the threaded hole and extends into the frame and is connected to the clamping block, and the first clamping member and the clamping block are arranged facing each other; The reaction container is provided with a reaction chamber for accommodating a mercury-containing lamp tube and a material delivery port communicated with the reaction chamber, and the reaction container is connected with a sealing cover for closing the material delivery port.

5. The method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support member includes a first support member and a second support member installed at an interval; Two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the first supporting member and the second supporting member.

6. The method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating shaft comprises a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, one end of the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first supporting member, and the other end of the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the frame; One end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the other end of the frame, and the other end of the second rotating shaft passes through the second supporting member and is connected to the driving mechanism.

7. The method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving mechanism is connected to the rotating shaft through a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism includes a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a transmission belt connecting the driving wheel and the driven wheel. The driving wheel is fixed on the output shaft of the driving mechanism, and the driven wheel is fixed to the end of the second rotating shaft.

8. The method for treating a mercury-containing lamp tube according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving mechanism is a motor.

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