Multilayer protective element for a battery

Abstract

A multilayer protective element for thermally insulating a battery, a battery having such a protective element and the use of the protective element for filtering escaping gases and preventing the escape of flames and / or sparks in the event of a fire are presented. The highly gas-permeable protective element comprises a fabric carrier layer and a compressible fiber layer in the form of a stitched nonwoven fabric. The protective element is arranged between at least one battery cell of the battery and a housing wall and covers the outlet of the housing wall on the inside. This enables good pressure compensation in the event of a fire and / or a short circuit, wherein, in particular, escaping gases are filtered through the fiber layer and flames or sparks are prevented from escaping through the outlet.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a multilayer protection element for a battery, particularly for a thermally isolated battery, according to the preamble of claim 1; a battery having a multilayer protection element according to the preamble of claim 10; and the use of the multilayer protection element according to the preamble of claim 15.

[0002] In this invention, the term "protective element" is preferably understood as a flat component having a layered structure, particularly a laminate, designed and / or used for thermal isolation and / or any other shielding of the battery and / or battery cell. Specifically, the protective element is configured to reduce and / or delay the release of heat to the environment, particularly to the vehicle interior, in the event of uncontrolled and / or excessive heat generation in the battery, and / or to block and / or reduce and / or delay the spread of heat within the battery.

[0003] In this invention, the term "battery" is understood, in particular, as a rechargeable storage element and / or a secondary element for providing electrical energy by converting chemical energy. A battery preferably consists of a plurality of interconnected battery cells and / or cell blocks, i.e., battery units.

[0004] Specifically, the battery is configured as a traction battery and / or for driving electric vehicles and / or is configured as a lithium-ion battery. Here, reliable and / or effective thermal insulation is important in order to protect the vehicle occupants in the event of battery overheating, for example, due to a traffic accident, at least until rescue services arrive.

[0005] Due to their chemical composition, lithium-ion batteries are particularly prone to relative instability. If a localized short circuit occurs within a battery cell, for example due to external particle contamination and / or mechanical action or damage to the separator of the separator electrodes, the strong short-circuit current can heat the cell to as high as 800°C, and sometimes as high as 1300°C, within a short time. This process is called thermal breakdown. Thermal breakdown in one battery cell can easily and / or rapidly propagate to other adjacent cells, especially since the separator has lost stability at relatively low temperatures, such as above 120°C, allowing short circuits to occur rapidly in adjacent cells. This leads to an unstoppable chain reaction, in which the energy stored in the battery is released in a short time, often explosively and / or accompanied by toxic gases and the formation of flames and / or sparks. There is also a risk of battery explosion when the internal pressure rises accordingly.

[0006] WO 2019 / 121641 A1 discloses a multilayer protective element for battery thermal isolation. The protective element includes a heat-resistant carrier layer and a heat-resistant compressible fiber layer. To enable pressure equalization in the event of fire and / or explosion, the battery housing has an outlet equipped with a filter or valve.

[0007] Therefore, it is desirable to keep battery cells located adjacent to batteries that have suffered thermal breakdown and / or overheating below a specific extreme temperature for as long as possible, preferably 120°C, and particularly below 80°C. Above 80°C, the aging process of the battery cell is significantly accelerated, and above 120°C, the separators in the battery cell typically begin to melt, accompanied by irreversible damage and / or short circuits.

[0008] Similarly, there is a high demand for effective and / or sustained thermal protection of adjacent areas and / or spaces, especially the vehicle interior, to prevent uncontrolled heat generation from the battery. In particular, occupants and / or objects should be protected from heat until rescue and / or recovery measures are fully in place.

[0009] In addition, during rescue operations, rescuers should be protected from uncontrolled explosions when batteries suffer thermal breakdown, and the risk of toxic gases (such as gaseous hydrofluoric acid), sparks, and flames should be reduced.

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer protective element for batteries, particularly thermally isolated elements, batteries having such protective elements, and uses of the protective elements, wherein, in the event of fire and / or overheating or short circuit, it is possible to achieve good pressure compensation to prevent battery explosion using a simple and low-cost construction, and at the same time, the escaping gases are filtered and / or the leakage of flames and / or sparks is reduced or even prevented.

[0011] The above-mentioned objectives are achieved by the multi-layered protective element according to claim 1, by the battery according to claim 10, or by the application according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0012] A first aspect of the invention is that the proposed protective element, in particular—at least in the event of a fire and / or when the temperature exceeds 300°C—has an agas-permeability greater than 25 mm / s under a pressure differential of up to 200 Pa and a thickness of at least 3 mm. In the event of a fire and / or in the event of a short circuit or temperature rise—especially therefore in the event of an accident—this design allows for optimal pressure compensation through the protective element, wherein escaping gases are filtered through the protective element or its fiber layer, and / or flames and / or sparks occurring in the battery are retained. In particular, the carrier layer, and therefore the protective element, can withstand the high mechanical loads and / or pressure differentials that are particularly likely to occur in such situations. Furthermore, the protective element can thermally insulate the battery and / or the battery cells, particularly to at least reduce or delay thermal breakdown of the battery and / or the spread to adjacent battery cells and / or the impact of heat on environments such as vehicles or vehicle interiors.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently, the proposed protective element preferably—at least in the event of a fire and / or when the temperature exceeds 300°C—has a gas flow resistance of less than 100 Pa with a gas flow rate of at least 50 mm / s and a thickness of at least 3 mm. In the event of a fire and / or a short circuit or temperature rise—particularly in the event of an accident—this design allows for optimal pressure compensation through the protective element, wherein escaping gas is filtered through the protective element and / or its fiber layer, and / or flames and / or sparks occurring in the battery are retained. In particular, the carrier layer, and therefore the protective element, can withstand the high mechanical loads and / or pressure differentials that are particularly likely to occur in such situations. Furthermore, the protective element can thermally insulate the battery and / or the battery cells, particularly to at least reduce or delay thermal breakdown of the battery and / or the spread to adjacent battery cells and / or the impact of heat on environments such as vehicles or vehicle interiors.

[0014] According to a third aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently, the carrier layer is preferably only partially connected or bonded to the fiber layer or connected or bonded to the fiber layer via a gas-permeable and / or thermally unstable connecting layer. This allows for optimal pressure compensation through the protective element in the event of a fire and / or a short circuit or increased temperature—particularly in the event of an accident—where escaping gases are filtered through the protective element and / or the fiber layer of the protective element, and / or flames and / or sparks occurring in the battery are retained. In particular, the carrier layer, and therefore the protective element, can withstand the high mechanical loads and / or pressure differentials that are particularly likely to occur in such circumstances. Furthermore, the protective element can thermally isolate the battery and / or the battery cells of the battery, particularly to at least reduce or delay thermal breakdown of the battery and / or the spread to adjacent battery cells and / or the impact of heat on the environment, such as that of a vehicle or the interior space of a vehicle.

[0015] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently, the fiber layer is preferably designed as a non-woven sheet or provided with a non-woven sheet, particularly designed as a stitched fiber pile and / or knitted pad, wherein the fiber layer, pad, and / or sheet are stitched together. This enables and / or achieves improved cohesion and / or simplifies processing, manufacturing, assembly, and / or use.

[0016] Particularly preferred is that the fiber layer is formed of long fibers with a length greater than 30 mm and / or of needle-stitched and / or reinforced nonwoven fabric. Compared to other fiber layers, long fiber and / or needle-stitched and / or reinforced fiber layers significantly increase mechanical resistance. Therefore, the fiber layer is particularly stretchable and compressively elastic, enabling absorption of high pressure. Simultaneously, the fiber layer has high thermal insulation capabilities because the intertwined fibers effectively reduce heat energy penetration through the fiber layer. This is particularly advantageous in cases of uncontrolled heating within the battery, such as when thermal breakdown occurs in the battery cell, as it significantly delays complete battery failure and / or explosion. Finally, the needle-stitched nonwoven fabric has a low weight per unit area, which facilitates handling.

[0017] Preferably, the fiber layer is made of needle-stitched and / or reinforced glass fibers or silicate fibers or mixtures thereof.

[0018] Particularly preferably, the fiber length of the fiber layer is at least 40 mm, preferably at least 50 mm, and particularly substantially 50 mm to 60 mm. This gives the fiber layer particularly high compressive strength and tear resistance.

[0019] In particular, the average diameter of the fiber is at least 4 μm, preferably at least 5 μm, and particularly 6 μm to 15 μm.

[0020] The fiber layer is particularly preferably free of adhesives and / or molten beads.

[0021] Preferably, the unit area weights of the fiber layer and the intermediate sheet layer are both less than 1800 g / m². 2 Preferably less than 1300g / m 2 Especially less than 600g / m 2 and / or greater than 150g / m 2 Preferably greater than 200g / m 2 Especially greater than 300g / m 2 Or 400g / m 2 This allows for easy manipulation.

[0022] In particular, the mechanical stability of the protective element can be significantly improved and / or enhanced by using fabric as a carrier layer. This is especially advantageous as mechanical protection in the event of a battery cell explosion.

[0023] Preferably, the protective element is designed to be highly air-permeable and / or gas-permeable, particularly wherein the carrier layer comprises or is formed of fabric. This can reduce the risk of battery explosion and / or rupture when surrounded and / or enclosed by one or more protective elements, because explosive gases can therefore be easily expelled through the carrier layer and the fiber layer.

[0024] The protective element has a dielectric strength greater than 20 kV / mm, preferably greater than 30 kV / mm, and particularly between 40 kV / mm and 70 kV / mm. This prevents and / or delays the formation of arcs or sparks.

[0025] Specifically, the thickness of the protective element—preferably when installed—is less than 7 mm, more preferably less than 6 mm, and particularly between 2 mm and 3 mm. This allows for flexible and easy installation within the battery, even in narrow mounting gaps.

[0026] Specifically, the protective element includes an adhesive layer on at least one flat side—the adhesive layer specifically covering only partially the flat side—or the protective element is designed to be at least partially self-adhesive on one flat side. This allows the protective element to be easily arranged and / or attached to the battery and / or other protective elements, or within the battery and / or other protective elements.

[0027] Preferably, the weight per unit area of ​​the protective element is less than 1800 g / m². 2 Preferably less than 1300g / m 2 Especially less than 1000g / m 2 and / or greater than 150g / m 2 Preferably greater than 200g / m 2 Especially greater than 300g / m 2 Or 400g / m 2 .

[0028] The thermal conductivity of the protective element is less than 0.1 W / mK at room temperature of 25°C, preferably less than 0.08 W / mK, and particularly less than 0.04 W / mK.

[0029] The proposed battery, preferably a lithium-ion battery, particularly in the form of a traction battery for electric vehicles, includes a housing and at least one multi-layer protective element arranged in and / or on the housing, particularly for thermal insulation and / or fire protection.

[0030] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the protective element of the proposed battery is preferably designed according to one of the foregoing aspects. This results in the advantages of the battery as explained above.

[0031] According to a sixth aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently, the protective element of the proposed battery is preferably arranged between the casing and at least one battery cell, and covers the outlet of the casing to filter gases escaping through the outlet in the event of a fire and / or a short circuit, and to minimize or even prevent the escape of flames and / or sparks through the outlet. This again produces the advantages already mentioned, wherein, in particular, a simple construction and / or assembly of the battery is also possible.

[0032] Preferably, the protective element—external or internal—at least partially, preferably completely or over the entire surface, on the top surface and / or laterally encloses and / or isolates the battery or battery cell or housing. This allows for effective thermal insulation of the battery, particularly relative to the vehicle's interior space, towards the top and / or towards the area positioned above and / or adjacent to the battery. Thus, people, occupants, and / or objects present in this area and / or space are effectively and / or for a sufficient period—i.e., until rescue and / or recovery measures are complete—protected from uncontrolled heat generation within the battery.

[0033] According to a seventh aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently, preferably, the plurality or all battery cells are surrounded / clamped by respective protective elements; that is, particularly, the plurality or all battery cells are each surrounded / clamped by a separate protective element. The protective elements are particularly preferably adapted in shape to the corresponding battery cells. For example, sleeve-shaped protective elements can also be provided for cylindrical battery cells. This simple design provides excellent thermal insulation in the event of fire and / or explosion and / or short circuit, while simultaneously providing good permeability.

[0034] For example, a protective element is arranged between two adjacent battery cells in the housing to thermally isolate the two adjacent battery cells from each other. In this way, the propagation of thermal breakdown from one battery cell to the next battery cell and / or to an adjacent battery cell is effectively delayed and / or blocked and / or even prevented, thereby preventing or at least significantly delaying the explosive release of heat and / or debris from the battery.

[0035] In the proposed battery, it is particularly advantageous if the protective element includes at least one fabric carrier layer.

[0036] According to an eighth aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently, a multi-layer protective element, particularly a multi-layer protective element designed according to one of the aforementioned aspects, is used for thermal isolation of the battery and / or for filtering gases escaping through the battery outlet in the event of a fire and / or a short circuit and / or for preventing flames and / or sparks from escaping through the outlet, wherein the protective element is arranged between the battery casing and at least one battery cell and covers the outlet on its inner side. Due to the very simple construction and assembly of the battery, optimal pressure compensation can therefore be achieved by the protective element, wherein escaping gases are filtered through the protective element and / or its fiber layer, and / or flames and / or sparks generated in the battery are retained. In particular, the carrier layer, and therefore the protective element, can withstand high mechanical loads and / or pressure differentials that may occur in the event of an accident and / or a short circuit. Furthermore, the protective element can provide thermal isolation for the battery and / or the battery cells, particularly to at least reduce or delay thermal breakdown of the battery and / or its spread to adjacent battery cells and / or its impact on the environment, such as that of a vehicle or its interior space.

[0037] According to a ninth aspect of the invention, which can also be implemented independently, the proposed protective element is most preferably used and / or arranged, particularly within the battery casing, for isolation, on the one hand, between one or more battery cells, and on the other hand, between the battery's control devices and / or control electronics. This can again result in optimized isolation and / or the fact that the battery remains stable for a longer period of time than usual, even in the event of thermal breakdown.

[0038] The aspects and features of the invention described above, as well as those derived from the claims and the following description, can in principle be implemented independently of each other, and can also be implemented in any combination and / or order. Further advantages, features, characteristics, and aspects of the invention are obtained from the claims and the following description of preferred embodiments based on the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:

[0039] Figure 1A This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the proposed multi-layer protection element;

[0040] Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram of a carrier layer in the form of fabric.

[0041] Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of possible reinforcing layers and / or adhesive layers;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the proposed battery with protective elements; and

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle equipped with the proposed battery.

[0044] Figure 1A The proposed multilayer protective element 1 is shown schematically in a non-scale cross-sectional view. The protective element 1 is used, in particular, for thermal insulation and / or for shielding the proposed battery 8, which... Figure 2 The diagram is shown schematically in a non-scale cross-sectional view. Battery 8 (rechargeable battery) is specifically designed as a lithium-ion rechargeable battery and / or is intended for use in vehicle 12, such as... Figure 3 As shown in the image.

[0045] Most preferably, battery 8 is used as a drive battery or traction battery for vehicle 12, which is preferably designed as an electric vehicle and / or electric vehicle.

[0046] However, the protective element 1 and / or the present invention can also be universally applied to and / or used for the protection of batteries, for example in the medical field, for electrical appliances such as leaf blowers, hedge trimmers or shrub cutters that operate on batteries, and for the protection of batteries, for example in the military field or for other purposes, for the protection of people who carry batteries on or near their bodies.

[0047] The preferred structure of the protective element 1 will be described in more detail later.

[0048] The protective element 1 includes a carrier layer 2 and a fiber sheet layer or fiber layer 3.

[0049] Preferably, layers 2 and 3, particularly by means of connectors or connecting layers 4 formed and / or arranged between layers 2 and 3, are connected to each other, particularly bonded adhesively. This particularly facilitates manipulation, installation, and / or assembly.

[0050] Protective element 1 preferably, but only optionally, includes an additional carrier layer 5, which is located on the flat side of the fiber layer 3 opposite to the (first) carrier layer 2, such as... Figure 1A As shown in the diagram. The additional carrier layer 5 can be designed to correspond to the (first) carrier layer 2, thereby applying the description and explanation of the first carrier layer 2 accordingly. However, the additional carrier layer 5 can be designed differently and optionally still include the corresponding characteristics or features.

[0051] The additional carrier layer 5, particularly via (additional) connectors and / or connecting layers 6, is preferably firmly attached to or adhesively bonded to the fiber layer 3, such as... Figure 1A As shown in the diagram. The connector and / or connecting layer 6 can be specifically designed to be similar to or completely identical to the (first) connector and / or connecting layer 4, so that the following explanations and features correspond in particular to this.

[0052] The connector and / or connecting layer 4 and / or connector and / or connecting layer 6 can be specifically designed as a partial reinforcement 4A, such as Figure 1CAs shown in the diagram, the most preferred arrangement is a mesh-like application or arrangement of the reinforcing or connecting regions of the carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 to the fiber layer 3. In this way, even if the carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 3 is connected to the fiber layer 3 in a flat manner and / or on a flat side, the partial and / or precise flat connection of the carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 to the fiber layer 3 can achieve high gas permeability.

[0053] As an alternative to or supplement to connectors and / or adhesives, thermally unstable adhesives and / or thermally unstable connectors and / or connecting foils may also be used to achieve high gas permeability at high temperatures, particularly at temperatures greater than 200°C, preferably greater than 250°C, and most preferably greater than 300°C—as explained in more detail later.

[0054] The carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 are specifically connected to the fiber layer 3 by an adhesive bonding element. However, other bonding techniques such as stitching or welding are also possible.

[0055] The protective element 1 and / or carrier layer 2 or carrier layer 5 may optionally include an adhesive layer 7, particularly the adhesive layer 7 being applied only partially or precisely, and / or the protective element 1 and / or carrier layer 2 or carrier layer 5 being designed to be self-adhesive in order to facilitate and / or enable the secure fastening and / or assembly of the protective element 1 to the battery 8 and / or the housing 9 of the battery 8 and / or the secure fastening and / or assembly of the protective element 1 in the battery 8 and / or the housing 9 of the battery 8.

[0056] The carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 preferably comprise or are formed of a gas-permeable fabric 2A, such as... Figure 1B The diagram shows that this is advantageous for high mechanical load bearing capacity, where a compact design with low thickness is possible.

[0057] The term "fabric" or "woven fabric" specifically refers to a preferably flat article formed by the interlacing of multiple threads. The threads are specifically guided in a repeating sequence above and below the interlacing threads.

[0058] Fabric 2A is preferably a glass fiber fabric, aramid fabric, carbon fiber fabric, or silicate fabric. Fabric 2A may also be a blended fabric and / or a mixture comprising, in particular, glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, and / or silicate fiber, or a mixture thereof.

[0059] The most preferred adhesive for bonding the fabric 2A forming the carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 to the fiber layer 3 is an air-permeable and / or gas-permeable adhesive, wherein the adhesive allows the escape and / or passage of gas, but the fabric 2A and / or fiber layer 3 form a barrier against sparks or flames.

[0060] Preferably, fabric 2A has high heat resistance, particularly high heat resistance to temperatures up to about 1150°C or above.

[0061] Fabric 2A preferably includes a mesh size of at least 0.1 mm and / or at most 0.4 mm. For example, the most preferred mesh sizes are about 0.114 mm, about 0.22 mm, or about 0.315 mm.

[0062] Fabric 2A preferably has at least 10%, particularly at least 20%, more preferably at least 30% of open screen area, and / or at most 45%, particularly at most 50% or 60% of open screen area.

[0063] The carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 preferably form the cover or outer layer of the fiber layer 3 and / or the protective element 1.

[0064] Optionally, at least one of the carrier layer 2 and carrier layer 5 is designed as a heat-resistant metal layer or a heat-resistant metal sheet layer, preferably aluminum and / or aluminum foil, or is designed as a mica layer, preferably a mica paper layer.

[0065] The mica layer is preferably provided with loose cloth and / or fabric 2A and / or reinforcing fibers, or reinforced with loose cloth and / or fabric 2A and / or reinforcing fibers, or vice versa, particularly preferably on the side facing or away from the fiber layer 3 or the next battery cell 8A.

[0066] In particular, the base structure of carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 and / or carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5, such as loose cloth or fabric 2A, may also be provided with or combined with heat-resistant materials and / or heat-insulating materials, such as mica.

[0067] For example, one carrier layer 2 and / or the first carrier layer 2 is designed as a heat-resistant mica layer, preferably a mica paper layer, while the other carrier layer 5 and / or the second carrier layer 5 is designed as a metal layer, preferably aluminum foil or metal fabric. However, the two covering layers 2, 3 can also be designed similarly, particularly as mica layers, preferably mica paper layers. This enables particularly high heat resistance.

[0068] Preferably, at least one carrier layer 2 or carrier layer 5 has such mechanical stability that no fragments can penetrate the protective element 1 in the event of an explosion of the battery 8.

[0069] Most preferably, the protective element 1 has a high air permeability.

[0070] Specifically, the protective element 1 has an air permeability greater than 25 mm / s at a pressure difference (pressure loss) of 200 Pa or at most 200 Pa and a thickness of 3 mm or at least 3 mm—specifically, the air permeability is measured based on the flow velocity.

[0071] A preferred air permeability of greater than 25 mm / s is not necessarily required across the entire pressure differential range up to 200 Pa. However, for example, in the case of a pressure loss of 150 Pa but not less than 150 Pa, if a value greater than 25 mm / s is achieved, then a preferred air permeability of greater than 25 mm / s is satisfied. The same applies to thicknesses of at least 3 mm. If protective element 1, for example, exhibits an air permeability greater than 25 mm / s at a thickness of 3.5 mm but not more, then protective element 1 does indeed exhibit the desired air permeability.

[0072] Specifically, the protective element 1 preferably has an air permeability greater than 25 mm / s under a pressure difference (pressure loss) of 200 Pa, wherein the protective element 1 has a thickness of 3 mm.

[0073] Most preferably, the protective element 1, in its uncompressed or delivered state and / or in its compressed or installed state, has an air permeability greater than 25 mm / s, particularly greater than 40 mm / s, under a pressure difference (pressure loss) of approximately 200 Pa, which is particularly independent of the actual thickness.

[0074] Preferably, the protective element 1 has an air permeability of less than 500 mm / s, particularly less than 400 mm / s, and most preferably less than 300 mm / s under a pressure difference (pressure loss) of 200 Pa or less, and this air permeability is independent of thickness or is in the case of a thickness of 3 mm or more.

[0075] The air permeability is preferably measured at a (defined) measurement temperature of the airflow, wherein the downstream side preferably has normal pressure.

[0076] When measuring air permeability, the protective element 1 is preferably uncompressed, but alternatively the protective element 1 may be compressed, particularly corresponding to the desired installation conditions and / or compressed at 25 kPa in the thickness direction.

[0077] The air permeability mentioned is preferably obtained and / or measured at a measurement temperature of an airflow within a standard range of at least 20°C and at most 25°C.

[0078] Depending on the design variations of the particularly thermally unstable connection and / or adhesive bonding between the carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 and the fiber layer 3, the air permeability is determined at room temperature or within the standard range mentioned above. Prior to measurement, the protective element 1 is exposed to a processing temperature of at least 400°C or 300°C, preferably at least 250°C, and most preferably at least 200°C, specifically for about 30 or 60 minutes. Subsequently, the air permeability is measured at a preferred measurement temperature of 20°C to 25°C, as described above.

[0079] Preferably and / or alternatively, the air permeability is measured and / or obtained no later than 30 or 60 seconds at the end of the measurement time and / or the end of the flow time. In particular, if the protective element 1 has not been preheated to the processing temperature beforehand, the protective element 1 is directly exposed to hot air, for example, at least 250°C, preferably at least 300°C, and particularly at least 400°C, and the measurement is performed using the aforementioned hot air.

[0080] Alternatively, the protective element 1 can first be preheated to the desired preheating temperature for measurement, such as 300°C, 400°C, or 450°C, for a specific preheating time, such as 1 hour, and then the air permeability can be measured at the desired measurement temperature or preheating temperature as explained.

[0081] As an alternative to determining the permeability by measuring the flow velocity through the protective element 1 at a given pressure differential, as mentioned above, the permeability can also be determined by measuring the gas flow resistance (pressure differential or pressure loss) at a given flow velocity. This gas flow resistance or pressure loss / pressure drop is inversely proportional to the permeability or flow velocity.

[0082] Alternatively or additionally, the protective element 1 preferably has a gas flow resistance (pressure loss) of less than 100 Pa at a gas flow rate of 50 mm / s or at least 50 mm / s and a thickness of 3 mm or at least 3 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the protective element 1 preferably has a gas flow resistance (pressure loss) of less than 500 Pa at a gas flow rate (velocity) of 500 mm / s or at least 500 mm / s and a thickness of 3 mm or at least 3 mm. The measurement is performed as explained above, wherein the pressure loss / pressure drop is now determined rather than the flow rate, which remains constant, particularly at the desired value. Other measurement conditions are similar, i.e., the measurement is performed with air under appropriate temperature and conditions.

[0083] The protective element 1 exhibits a desired gas flow resistance of less than 100 Pa, even if this value is achieved, for example, at a gas flow rate of 550 mm / s but not higher than 550 mm / s, and / or at a thickness of 3.2 mm but not higher than 3.2 mm.

[0084] The protective element 1 preferably has a gas flow resistance (pressure loss) greater than 10 Pa at a gas flow rate of 50 mm / s and a thickness of 3 mm.

[0085] Preferably, the protective element 1 comprises only two functional layers 2 and 3, or only three functional layers 2, 3 and 5. In this document, the term "functional layer" must be understood as providing significant filtration as a fiber layer 3 and / or providing protective function (burst protection) as a carrier layer / fabric layer 2 in the event of an accident, puncture, explosion, etc. This does not preclude the protective element 1 from also including non-functional layers, such as one or more connecting layers 4, 6 and / or adhesive layers 7.

[0086] The protective element 1 and / or layer 2 or layer 5 and layer 3 are preferably designed to be heat-resistant, particularly up to at least 200°C, and most preferably up to 250°C, 500°C or 1000°C, wherein the connection and / or adhesive bonding of layer 4 / layer 6, carrier layer 2 and / or carrier layer 5 to fiber layer 3 does not require such heat resistance.

[0087] In the context of this invention, the term "heat resistant" is preferably used to describe the resistance or durability of a material or component to high temperatures or the temperatures mentioned.

[0088] Specifically, the temperature specified for heat resistance represents a preferred minimum value of the melting temperature, or a particularly preferred lower limit of 0.8 or 0.9 times the melting temperature, and / or represents a preferred upper limit of the application temperature in the sense explained below, and / or is particularly related to the base material, for example, in the case of fiber layer 3, particularly related to the fibers of fiber layer 3, or in the case of carrier layer 2, for example, related to the fabric 2A of carrier layer 2, respectively with or without (fiber) coating or adhesive.

[0089] Materials or components, particularly protective element 1 and / or one of layers 2, 3, and 5, are heat-resistant (up to the upper limit of the application temperature) in the sense of this invention. In particular, if up to the application temperature, the material or component can maintain its properties—such as dielectric strength, mechanical stability or mechanical shape, strength or deformability, etc.—or (in the case of sealing or isolating and / or electrically or thermally isolating the battery or battery cell, especially in the case of accident or thermal breakdown) the material or component will not change its properties to a degree that makes it unsuitable for the desired application.

[0090] Specifically, if carrier layer 2 or carrier layer 5 is made of metal, mica or mica paper, or fabric 2A of glass, silicate and / or ceramic microfibers or a mixture thereof, or if carrier layer 2 or carrier layer 5 contains metal, mica or mica paper, or fabric 2A of glass, silicate and / or ceramic microfibers or a mixture thereof, then carrier layer 2 or carrier layer 5 will be considered heat-resistant within the meaning of this invention.

[0091] In particular, if the fiber layer 3 is made of glass, silicate and / or ceramic fibers or mixtures thereof, or if the fiber layer 3 contains glass, silicate and / or ceramic fibers or mixtures thereof, then the fiber layer 3 shall be considered heat-resistant within the meaning of this invention.

[0092] Preferably, the material or component, particularly protective element 1 and / or one of layer 2, layer 3 or layer 5, is heat-resistant if it meets the requirements of one of the insulating material categories according to DIN EN 60085:2008-08, particularly one of the insulating material categories F, H, N or R of that standard.

[0093] The protective element 1 is specifically designed as a flat laminate and / or is specifically designed to be compressible and flexible.

[0094] The term "flexible" is preferably understood to mean that the bending stiffness of the protective element 1 is sufficiently low, wherein bending stiffness is a measure of the force resisting bending deformation of the component and / or the protective element 1. The bending stiffness is preferably determined according to ISO 5628, preferably ISO 5628:2019. For this purpose, preferably, a plate-shaped protective element 1 having specific dimensions, such as a thickness of 6 mm and a size of 60 mm × 40 mm, is clamped in a rotatable clamping device. The free end of the protective element 1 contacts a sensor of a force-measuring unit, via which the corresponding contact force is recorded as the clamping device rotates. Specifically, the sensor contacts the free end of the insulating element 1 at a distance of 50 mm from the clamping point. Specifically, the bending stiffness is determined by the force measured at the sensor when the protective element 1 bends by 15°.

[0095] Preferably, the protective element 1 has a bending stiffness of less than 10N, preferably less than 5N, and particularly less than 1N, as determined in this way.

[0096] The proposed protective element 1 and / or fiber layer 3 are preferably compressible and thus allow for adaptation to the installation state, particularly between individual battery cells 8A and / or between battery cells 8A and housing 9.

[0097] Most preferably, the installation involves specific pre-tightening and / or specific compression of the protective element 1 and / or multiple protective elements 1 in the installed state. During installation, the preferred compression is at least 20 kPa and / or greater than 25 Pa.

[0098] Some battery cells 8A expand and contract according to their state of charge. The protection element 1 is specifically designed in a way that this "breathing" of the battery cells 8A can be compensated for.

[0099] Specifically, the protective element 1 is designed to withstand a compression pressure of at least 200 kPa, and most preferably at least 250 kPa or greater. This facilitates the possible "breathing" of the battery cell 8A and / or its high load capacity in the event of fire, short circuit, accident, etc.

[0100] The term "compressible" is preferably understood to mean that the compressive hardness of the protective element 1 is sufficiently low, where compressive hardness represents the pressure required to compress the test sample and / or the protective element 1 to 40% of its original thickness. Preferably, the compressive hardness is determined according to DIN EN ISO 3386, preferably ISO 3386-1:1986, using a plate-shaped thermal insulation element 1 with a thickness of 5 mm and a size of 300 mm × 200 mm as the test sample and an aluminum plate with a thickness of 20 mm and a size of 190 mm × 80 mm as the hardness tester indenter.

[0101] Preferably, the protective element 1 and / or the fiber layer 3 have a compressive hardness of less than 40 kPa, preferably less than 30 kPa, and particularly less than 20 kPa, as determined in the foregoing manner.

[0102] Preferably, the protective element 1 and / or the fiber layer 3 (in the thickness direction, i.e. in the direction perpendicular to the surface extension) are highly elastically compressible, and most preferably, in the uninstalled state, they are highly elastically compressible in the range of at least 90% to 50% relative to the thickness.

[0103] The fiber layer 3 is preferably formed of needle-stitched and / or reinforced fiber fleece / nonwoven fabric. For the purposes of this invention, the term "needle-stitched nonwoven fabric" is preferably understood as a textile fabric in which the fibers are randomly intertwined and thus bonded together by dry needle stitching and / or adhesive-free needle stitching and / or fusible bead-free needle stitching.

[0104] The fiber layer 3 is preferably formed of nonwoven fabric and / or needle-stitched and / or reinforced / strengthened fiber fleece / nonwoven fabric and / or knitted pad, or the fiber layer 3 is preferably provided with nonwoven fabric and / or needle-stitched and / or reinforced / strengthened fiber fleece / nonwoven fabric and / or knitted pad.

[0105] Preferably, the fiber layer 3 does not have adhesives and / or molten beads.

[0106] Fiber layer 3 and / or fiber fleece and / or knitted pad and / or nonwoven fabric are most preferred, such as Figure 1A The 3A yarn is shown in the diagram. This can improve the stability and / or processability of fiber layer 3 and / or protective element 1.

[0107] Optional sutures are preferably performed relatively loosely and / or at relatively large distances of one or several millimeters.

[0108] The stitching is preferably performed before the application of carrier layer 2, carrier layer 5 or other covering layer and / or before lamination with carrier layer 2, carrier layer 5 or other covering layer, i.e., in particular, not stitched with other layers and / or stitched only for its own stability.

[0109] The preferred method is to use glass fiber sutures, that is, to use one or more glass fiber threads (3A) for sutures.

[0110] Tests have shown that very good stability and desirable properties can be achieved when nonwoven / fiber fleece and / or knitted fabrics are sewn at least substantially with silicate fibers, preferably with 3A threads made of one or more glass fibers.

[0111] The fiber layer 3 may also have a multi-layer / multi-sheet design and may optionally be sewn together and / or have an intermediate layer and / or an intermediate sheet.

[0112] The fiber layer 3 is specifically made of glass fiber or silicate fiber or a mixture of glass fiber and silicate fiber. For example, glass fiber, particularly glass fiber made of A-glass, C-glass, D-glass, E-glass, ECR-glass, S2-glass or R-glass or mixtures thereof, and / or other heat-resistant fibers can be used.

[0113] The fibers preferably have an average diameter of at least 4 μm, particularly at least 5 μm, and most preferably substantially 6 μm to 15 μm.

[0114] The fiber length is preferably greater than 30 mm, more preferably greater than 40 mm, and particularly substantially 50 mm to 60 mm. However, in principle, the fiber length can be even longer, for example, up to about 120 mm.

[0115] Preferably, the weight per unit area of ​​fiber layer 3 is less than 1800 g / m². 2 Or 1500g / m 2 Preferably less than 1300g / m 2 Especially less than 600g / m 2 and / or greater than 150g / m 2 Preferably greater than 200g / m 2 Especially greater than 300g / m 2Or 400g / m 2 .

[0116] Preferably, the weight per unit area of ​​the protective element 1 is less than 1800 g / m². 2 Or 1500g / m 2 Preferably less than 1300g / m 2 Especially less than 1000g / m 2 and / or greater than 150g / m 2 Preferably greater than 200g / m 2 Especially greater than 300g / m 2 Or 400g / m 2 .

[0117] Specifically, in the uncompressed or delivered state, the thickness of the protective element 1 is preferably less than 15 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, and particularly between 3 mm and 8 mm.

[0118] Particularly preferably, the protective element 1 has a dielectric strength of greater than 20 kV / mm, preferably greater than 30 kV / mm, and particularly 40 kV / mm to 70 kV / mm.

[0119] Dielectric strength limits the electric field within a material from voltage breakthrough (electric arc or electric spark).

[0120] Dielectric strength is preferably measured according to IEC 60243-1:2013.

[0121] The measurement is preferably performed under standard conditions between 20°C and 25°C, and preferably under conditions of approximately 50% relative humidity and / or under conditions where the protective element 1 is in a compressed state.

[0122] In the following text, based on Figure 2 The arrangement and / or use of the proposed battery 8 and the proposed protective elements 1, particularly the proposed protective elements 1A and 1B, and optionally the proposed additional heat insulation elements 1C and 1D, or similar protective elements 1, in the battery 8 will be explained in more detail.

[0123] Protection elements 1A to 1D can be designed identically or differently.

[0124] In the following text, for the purpose of distinction, protection elements 1A to 1D are also referred to as first protection element 1A, second protection element 1B, third protection element 1C, and fourth protection element 1D. However, this is only used to distinguish the different protection elements 1 and does not imply that, for example, if third protection element 1C is provided, second protection element 1B must also be present.

[0125] Preferably, the battery 8 for power supply is arranged in and / or installed in the schematically drawn vehicle 12, especially an electric vehicle. In particular, when installed, the battery 8 is located below the vehicle interior space 12A, for example, below the passenger area or other interior area of ​​the vehicle 12.

[0126] The battery 8 preferably has a housing 9, which has an upper housing portion and / or a housing cover 9A and a housing bottom portion. Here, the housing 9 and / or the housing bottom portion includes at least one housing sidewall 9B and a housing bottom 9C.

[0127] The housing 9 is preferably made of a non-conductive material, such as plastic, or of metal.

[0128] Battery 8 is preferably designed as a rechargeable battery, particularly a lithium-ion battery. Alternatively, battery 8 may also be constructed or designed from lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium metal oxide, lithium-ion polymer, nickel zinc, nickel metal, nickel cadmium, nickel hydride, nickel silver, nickel metal mixtures, all-solid state, lithium air, lithium sulfur and similar systems and / or materials, or constructed or designed using the aforementioned materials.

[0129] Specifically, the battery 8 has at least one set of battery cells 8A, which are electrically connected and / or housed in the housing 9, preferably in the lower housing portion 10.

[0130] Preferably, one or more protective elements 1 are arranged within the interior space of the housing 9 that houses the battery cell 8A.

[0131] Preferably, at least one protective element 1, particularly a first protective element 1A, is attached and / or fixed, preferably adhesively bonded, especially by means of an adhesive layer 7, and preferably above the battery cell 8A and / or particularly on the housing 9 and / or housing cover 9A. The first protective element 1A preferably closes and / or isolates the bottom portion of the housing and / or the battery 8 or the battery cell 8A of the battery 8 on the top side.

[0132] In this way, particularly effective top-side insulation and fire protection for the vehicle interior space 12A are achieved, so as to effectively and / or protect the people or objects inside from uncontrolled heat generation in the battery 8 for a sufficient period of time.

[0133] The battery 8 and / or housing 9 preferably include at least one outlet 10 that—at least in the event of a fire and / or overheating or severe pressure increase inside the battery 8—allows gas to escape from the battery 8 and / or housing 9 to the outside, thereby achieving pressure compensation. This prevents the battery 8 from exploding and / or rupturing, especially in the event of a fire and / or short circuit and / or overheating.

[0134] The outlet 10 is preferably arranged in the housing cover 9A and / or on the top side of the battery 8 and / or housing 9.

[0135] The battery 8 and / or housing 9 preferably include a plurality of outlets 10 for gas escape and / or pressure compensation.

[0136] Preferably, the outlet 10 and / or each outlet 10 is closed or sealable, substantially and / or upon delivery and / or during normal use or when necessary, particularly by means of a thermally unstable and / or non-pressure-stable element 11, particularly and most preferably by means of a bursting disc, etc.

[0137] Instead of the bursting disc, another element or valve can also be used as the closing element 11, for example, which essentially closes the outlet 10 and opens in the event of a fire and / or a short circuit or overheating—preferably opening automatically depending on pressure and / or temperature. However, other design solutions are also possible.

[0138] In the event of a fire, short circuit, overheating, or other pressure increase in the housing 9, particularly after a disc rupture and / or valve opening, pressure compensation can be achieved by allowing gas to flow out of the housing 9 via outlet 10. The protective element 1 and / or its fiber layer 3 act as a filter, thereby filtering out and / or retaining unwanted toxins and gases. Furthermore, the protective element 1 acts as a barrier to prevent flames or sparks from escaping through the open outlet 10. In addition, at least one carrier layer 2 can withstand the sudden mechanical loads that may occur when outlet 10 is suddenly opened and / or when the battery suffers thermal breakdown, thus maintaining the desired filtering function and safety function of the protective element 1 in preventing flame escape, especially in the case of the aforementioned gas flow through outlet 10. This load-bearing capacity of the protective element 1 is supported by the preferably anticipated high permeability and, in particular, the advantageous design of at least one separation layer 2 as fabric 2A.

[0139] In the illustrated example, the housing 9 specifically includes one or more outlets 10 in the housing cover 9A, which are preferably covered on the inside by a protective element 1 and / or a first protective element 1A.

[0140] Alternatively or additionally, the battery 8 and / or housing 9 and / or at least one housing side panel 9B may also include one or more lateral outlets 10, such as Figure 2 As shown in the diagram. In this case, in particular as a supplement to or alternative to the first protective element 1A, an additional protective element 1B and / or a second protective element 1B are provided, which cover the corresponding sidewall 9B and / or the corresponding lateral outlet 10.

[0141] Specifically, at least one first protective element 1A and at least one second protective element 1B are used, wherein the first protective element 1A is inside the top-side closed and / or thermally insulated housing, and the second protective element 1B is laterally arranged on the housing sidewall 9B.

[0142] Preferably, the second protective element 1B, particularly crosswise and / or vertically, is attached to the first protective element 1A, preferably adhesively, sewn, or welded to the first protective element 1A.

[0143] Preferably, all sidewalls 9B of the battery 8 and / or housing 9 are provided with or covered with a second protective element 1B on the inside, preferably also independently of the outlet 10 formed in the sidewall 9B.

[0144] The second protective element 1B is preferably also, particularly by means of the adhesive layer 7 and / or the self-adhesive form of the corresponding protective element 1B, fastened and / or adhesively bonded to the associated sidewall 9B. However, other construction solutions are also possible.

[0145] The preferred arrangement and inner cover of one or more outlets 10 by one or more protective elements 1 allows for a very simple assembly and construction of the battery 8, which provides the desired pressure compensation in the event of fire and / or short circuit or overheating, while ensuring the desired filtration and protection characteristics at the outlets 10 for use in the vehicle 12.

[0146] As an alternative to or supplement to the first protection element 1A and / or the second protection element 1B, the battery 8 may include additional protection element 1C and / or a third protection element 1C, such as Figure 2 The example is shown in the image.

[0147] The third protective element 1C is preferably arranged opposite to the first protective element 1A and / or arranged on the lower side and / or bottom 9C inside the housing. Preferably, the lower side and / or bottom 9C is completely and / or entirely covered by the third protective element 1C.

[0148] The third protective element 1C is preferably fastened and / or adhesively bonded to the bottom 9C by means of the adhesive layer 7 and / or a self-adhesive design. However, other construction solutions are also possible.

[0149] The protective elements 1A-1C are preferably arranged between battery cells 8A and / or between battery cells 8A and housing 9.

[0150] Preferably, in the battery 8 and / or the housing 9, the carrier layer 2 and / or the fabric 2A are arranged on the inner side of the protective element 1 and / or the protective element 1A-1C facing the battery cell 8A.

[0151] As an alternative to or supplement to the protective elements 1A-1C, preferably, at least one (additional and / or fourth) protective element 1D is provided and arranged between the battery cells 8A, thereby thermally isolating and / or separating these battery cells 8A from each other. The protective element 1D is most preferably inserted, pressed in, or otherwise disposed between the battery cells 8A.

[0152] Battery cell 8A is preferably surrounded at least substantially completely and / or on all sides by one or more protective elements 1D.

[0153] The protective element 1 preferably also compensates for any possible expansion of the unit during charging beyond the lifespan of the battery 8 and / or ensures as limited a mechanical preload as possible. At least approximately 25 kPa is required in the delivery state. Beyond the lifespan, the pressure in the installed state may increase to a maximum of 250 kPa due to the expansion (swelling) of the unit 8A. These values ​​vary depending on the type of unit (round unit, pouch unit, and prismatic unit) and can be adjusted according to customer requirements.

[0154] Specifically, the protective element 1D surrounds and / or encloses multiple or all battery cells 8A on all sides and / or surrounds and / or encloses multiple or all battery cells 8A in such a manner that the battery cells 8A are supported and / or arranged in the housing 9 in a manner in which the battery cells 8A are isolated, shielded, and / or damped relative to each other. Therefore, the protective element 1 preferably forms a storage pad for one or more battery cells 8A. In addition to effective thermal insulation, this also enables robust and / or durable storage of the battery cells 8A, particularly on all sides, because any shocks and / or vibrations are damped and / or absorbed by the compressible protective element 1.

[0155] Battery cell 8A is preferably—in groups or individually—at least substantially completely and / or on all sides surrounded and / or enclosed by one or more protective elements 1A-1D, i.e., battery cells 8A are isolated from and / or shielded from each other in battery 8.

[0156] In the case of a cylindrical design for battery cell 8A, the fourth protective element 1D can be designed, for example, as a hollow cylinder and thus radially surrounding battery cell 8A—specifically, separately—where additional protective elements 1, such as the first protective element 1A and the third protective element 1C, can, for example, axially cover or block battery cell 8A.

[0157] In the case of a cell stack, an intermediate layer can also be formed to axially separate the battery cell 8A from the protection element 1.

[0158] It should be noted that the protective element 1 and / or the protective element 1D may, in principle and especially when arranged between battery cells 8A—that is, especially when not arranged outside between battery cells 8A and housing 9—may include additional layers, such as additional fiber layers and / or another intermediate layer, separation layer or isolation layer, and may therefore have a lower air permeability.

[0159] Tests show that the proposed protective element 1 is suitable for both containing heat within the battery 8 and for top and / or side arrangement and / or isolation, i.e., particularly suitable for thermal protection of adjacent vehicle interior spaces 12A.

[0160] Alternatively or additionally, the proposed protective element 1 may also be used for and / or arranged to isolate the control elements, control devices, and / or control electronics 8B of the battery 8, particularly within the housing 9 of the battery 8, especially isolating the control elements, control devices, and / or control electronics 8B from one or more battery cells 8A, such as... Figure 2 As schematically shown, a control device 8B, for example, can be placed on the right side in place of a unit 8A in the battery 8 and / or housing 9. For example, in the event of a failure and / or thermal breakdown of battery unit 8A, this use or arrangement can also be used to contain heat and / or provide insulation within the battery 8, and thus ultimately stabilize the battery 8, particularly for a longer period of time than before.

[0161] As already mentioned, the various aspects of the invention can be combined as desired or implemented independently of each other.

[0162] List of reference numerals

[0163] 1(A,B,C,D) Protective Components

[0164] 2. Carrier layer

[0165] 2A Woven fabric / fabric

[0166] 3. Fiber layer

[0167] 3A yarn

[0168] 4. Connection Layer

[0169] 4A Partial Reinforcement

[0170] 5. Additional carrier layer

[0171] 6. Connection Layer

[0172] 7. Adhesive layer

[0173] 8 batteries

[0174] 8A battery cell

[0175] 8B Controller / Control Device

[0176] 9. Shell

[0177] 9A Housing Cover

[0178] 9B Shell sidewall

[0179] 9C Bottom of the casing

[0180] 10 Exports

[0181] 11 (closed) components

[0182] 12 vehicles

[0183] 12A Vehicle interior space

Claims

1. A multilayer protection element (1) for a battery (8), The multilayer protective element (1) has a gas-permeable heat-resistant carrier layer (2) and a fiber layer (3). Its features are, The carrier layer (2) is only partially connected or adhesively bonded to the fiber layer (3) or connected or adhesively bonded to the fiber layer (3) via a thermally unstable connector or connecting layer (4), and (i) The protective element (1) — at least in the event of a fire and / or when the temperature exceeds 300°C — has an air permeability greater than 25 mm / s at a pressure difference of 200 Pa or at most 200 Pa and at a thickness of 3 mm or at least 3 mm, and / or (ii) The protective element (1) — at least in the event of a fire and / or when the temperature exceeds 300°C — has a gas flow resistance of less than 100 Pa at a gas flow rate of 50 mm / s or at least 50 mm / s and at a thickness of 3 mm or at least 3 mm.

2. The protective element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carrier layer (2) has a heat resistance of over 250°C.

3. The protective element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The fiber layer (3) is compressible and / or has heat resistance above 250°C.

4. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the protective element (1) is at least 3 mm and less than 15 mm.

5. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The carrier layer (2) is a gas-permeable fabric (2A) or includes a gas-permeable fabric (2A).

6. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fiber layer (3) is made of glass fiber or silicate fiber or a mixture of glass fiber and silicate fiber.

7. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fiber layer (3) is a needle-stitched fiber or includes needle-stitched fiber.

8. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The protective element (1) as a whole is compressible and flexible.

9. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The protective element (1) is at least partially self-adhesive or has an adhesive layer (7) on at least one flat side.

10. The protective element according to claim 9, characterized in that, The adhesive layer (7) only partially covers the surface.

11. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The protective element (1) includes two functional layers: the carrier layer (2) for burst protection and the fiber layer (3) for filtration.

12. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The protective element (1) includes three functional layers: two carrier layers (2, 5) for burst protection and the fiber layer (3) for filtration.

13. The protective element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fiber layer (3) includes a stitched nonwoven fabric layer.

14. The protective element according to claim 13, characterized in that, The stitched nonwoven fabric layer is needle-stitched fiber floss and / or knitted pad and / or nonwoven fabric.

15. The protective element according to claim 13, characterized in that, The fiber layer (3) is sewn together with one or more glass fiber threads (3A).

16. A battery (8). The battery (8) has a casing (9) and at least one multi-layer protective element (1) arranged in the casing (9) for thermal insulation and / or fire protection. in, The protective element (1) includes a carrier layer (2) and a fiber layer (3). Its features are, The protective element (1) is designed according to one of the preceding claims.

17. The battery according to claim 16, characterized in that, The battery is a lithium-ion battery and / or a traction battery for an electric vehicle (12).

18. The battery according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The carrier layer (2) has a heat resistance of over 250°C.

19. The battery according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The fiber layer (3) is compressible and / or has heat resistance above 250°C.

20. The battery according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The protective element (1) is arranged between the housing (9) and at least one battery cell (8A) of the battery (8) and covers the outlet (10) of the housing (9) to filter out gas escaping through the outlet (10) in the event of a fire and / or in the event of a short circuit or overheating and to minimize or prevent the escape of flame and / or spark through the outlet (10).

21. The battery according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The battery (8) is partially or completely clipped by one or more corresponding protective elements (1).

22. The battery according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The protective element (1) is arranged and / or fastened to the housing cover (9A) of the housing (9) and / or to the housing sidewall (9B) of the housing (9).

23. The battery according to claim 22, characterized in that, The protective element (1) is adhesively attached to the housing cover (9A) of the housing (9) and / or to the housing sidewall (9B) of the housing (9).

24. The battery according to claim 20, characterized in that, The outlet (10) is closed in use by a thermally unstable and / or non-pressure-stable element (11), such that the outlet (10) can be opened by pressure and / or heat exposure.

25. The battery according to claim 24, characterized in that, The thermally unstable and / or non-pressure-stable element (11) is a bursting disc.

26. The battery according to claim 24, characterized in that, The outlet (10) can be automatically opened by pressure and / or heat exposure.

27. The battery according to claim 20, characterized in that, The outlet (10) is closed by a valve and is openable in the event of a fire and / or a short circuit.

28. The battery according to claim 27, characterized in that, The outlet (10) can be automatically opened in the event of a fire and / or a short circuit, depending on pressure and / or temperature.

29. The battery according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The protective element (1) or additional protective element (1D) with a compressible fiber layer (3) for thermal insulation is arranged between two adjacent battery cells (8A) of the battery (8).

30. Use of a multilayer protective element (1) designed according to any one of claims 1 to 15, the multilayer protective element (1) having a carrier layer (2) and a fiber layer (3). Its features are, The protective element (1) is arranged between the housing (9) and at least one battery cell (8A) of the battery (8), such that the protective element (1) covers the outlet (10) of the housing (9) on its inner side, for filtering gases escaping through the outlet (10) in the event of a fire and / or in the event of a short circuit and / or overheating and / or for preventing flames and / or sparks from escaping through the outlet (10), and / or The protective element (1) is arranged between the battery cell (8A) of the battery (8) and the control and / or control device (8B) of the battery (8), and / or is distributed to the control and / or control device (8B) of the battery (8) for isolation.

31. The use of the multilayer protection element (1) according to claim 30, characterized in that, The protective element (1) is arranged inside the casing (9) of the battery (8).

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