A multi-composite impact drilling tool

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-composite percussion drilling tool, comprising a hammer seat, a sleeve, a reversing seat, a nozzle, a pendulum, a reversing sleeve, a static valve, and a dynamic valve. The static valve is disposed within the sleeve, the lower end of which is sleeved with the upper end of the hammer seat. The static valve is arranged above the hammer seat, and the dynamic valve is disposed above the static valve. The pendulum and the reversing seat are sleeved within the hammer seat in sequence from top to bottom. The nozzle is disposed within the reversing seat. The upper end of the reversing sleeve is sleeved within the static valve and connected to the dynamic valve. The dynamic valve rotates with the reversing sleeve, and the lower end of the reversing sleeve is sleeved within the pendulum. This composite impactor can simultaneously generate axial and torsional impacts, effectively increase drilling pressure, and reduce stick-slip. It has a simple structure and reliable operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling, in particular to a multi-composite impact drilling tool. Background Art

[0002] Currently, oil drilling involves rotating the drill bit through the drill pipe, which shears and impacts the rock to achieve rock fragmentation. PDC bits primarily rely on shearing, resulting in high cutting torque, high rock-breaking efficiency, and a long service life. Roller-cone bits, on the other hand, primarily rely on impact crushing, resulting in low rock-breaking efficiency and a short service life. To improve rock-breaking efficiency, PDC bits are currently used in over 90% of well sections, with a limited number used in deeper well sections. However, as modern oil exploration and development progresses toward deep and ultra-deep wells, bottomhole pressures are increasing, making previously soft rock extremely hard, making it difficult for PDC bits to penetrate the rock. Furthermore, PDC bits exhibit high cutting torque and reaction torque. When drilling into hard formations, insufficient rock-breaking energy often causes the drill bit to momentarily stall. Once drill string energy accumulates to a certain level, the bit overspeeds and reverses, causing periodic stick-slip vibrations that damage the drill bit's life and severely reduce its rate of penetration (ROP). In order to improve the mechanical drilling speed in deep well hard formations, the two problems of insufficient penetration depth of PDC drill bits and stick-slip vibration must be solved at the same time.

[0003] To address the problem of insufficient penetration depth, a number of axial impact tools have emerged to provide additional drilling pressure to the normal drilling pressure. Examples include hydraulic valve impactors, jet impactors, and rotary impact screws. NOV's rotary impact screw uses a screw motor to drive a set of cam rollers to produce high-frequency axial reciprocating impacts. To address stick-slip vibration, a number of circumferential impact tools have emerged to provide additional torque to the normal level. ULTERRA's torsion impactor, with its complex hydraulic design, utilizes high-pressure mud to drive a pendulum to produce high-frequency circumferential reciprocating impacts. These tools offer a certain speed-increasing effect, but their functions are relatively limited.

[0004] With the development of technology, some composite impact tools have appeared on the market, attempting to achieve a double speed-up effect by combining an axial impact tool with a circumferential impact tool. These tools are mainly divided into two categories. One is based on the development of the torque impactor, with an axial impact function added to its upper, lower, or internal part. The other is based on the development of the axial impactor, with a cam, ratchet, or spiral mechanism added to the lower end of the impactor, using an inclined surface to convert the original axial impact into a composite impact. However, these composite impact tools still have some problems. For example, the speed-up effect of some tools is still not obvious, some tools even cause side effects due to excessive impact force, and some tools have complex structures, high failure rates, and short service lives.

[0005] In response to some of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned engineering problems and solutions, the present invention combines the characteristics of rotary drilling tools, torsional impactors and hydraulic oscillators to propose and design a new multi-composite impact drilling tool, striving to effectively solve the problem of increasing the speed of PDC drill bits in deep well hard formations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-composite impact drilling tool that can simultaneously generate axial and torsional impacts, effectively increase bit pressure, reduce stick-slip phenomenon, and has a simple structure and reliable operation.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0008] A multi-composite percussion drilling tool includes a hammer seat, a sleeve, a reversing seat, a nozzle, a pendulum, a reversing sleeve, a static valve, and a dynamic valve. The static valve is sleeved in the sleeve, the lower end of the sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the upper end of the hammer seat, the static valve is arranged above the hammer seat, and the dynamic valve is arranged on the upper end of the static valve.

[0009] The pendulum and the reversing seat are sequentially sleeved in the hammer seat from top to bottom, the nozzle is set in the reversing seat, the upper end of the reversing sleeve is sleeved in the static valve and connected to the dynamic valve, the dynamic valve rotates with the reversing sleeve, and the lower end of the reversing sleeve is sleeved in the pendulum.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the movable valve is an annular disc structure, and a pair of arc-shaped grooves are provided on the annular disc along the circumference;

[0011] The static valve includes a hollow intermediate shaft, an upper end cover and a lower end cover. The upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the hollow intermediate shaft. The upper end cover is provided with a pair of arc grooves. The intermediate shaft is provided with internal and external communicating holes. The movable valve is fitted with the upper end cover. During the rotation of the movable valve, the arc groove on the movable valve and the arc groove on the static valve are staggered, intersected or overlapped to form upper and lower channels.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the outer periphery of the hammer seat is provided with multiple high-pressure flow channels, the inner periphery is provided with multiple low-pressure flow channels, and the inner periphery of the hammer seat is also provided with two symmetrically arranged hammer grooves;

[0013] The pendulum includes a cylindrical base, with two symmetrically arranged large impact blocks on the outer wall of the cylindrical base, and internal and external communication channels opened on the cylindrical base wall on both sides of each large impact block; two small impact blocks are arranged inside the cylinder, and internal and external communication channels are opened on the cylindrical base wall on both sides of each small impact block;

[0014] The reversing sleeve includes a hollow stepped shaft. Two symmetrically arranged reversing grooves are provided on the outer circle of the lower large shaft of the hollow stepped shaft. Each reversing groove is provided with longitudinal upper and lower connecting grooves on both sides. An internal and external connecting channel is provided on the lower large shaft body of the hollow stepped shaft between the two longitudinal upper and lower connecting grooves. A group of internal and external connecting holes are provided on the upper small shaft of the hollow stepped shaft, and a keyway is provided on the end face.

[0015] The two large impact blocks of the pendulum are respectively set in the two sector-shaped areas on the inner circumference of the hammer seat. The outer circle of the pendulum cylinder and the hammer groove of the hammer seat constitute a relatively closed space, forming a circumferential pendulum hydraulic cylinder. The large impact block is equivalent to the piston inside it, dividing the hammer groove of the hammer seat into two parts. The flow channels on both sides of the large impact block and the internal and external connecting channels on the reversing sleeve are equivalent to hydraulic pipes, which are respectively connected to or staggered with the high-pressure area above the nozzle and the low-pressure area below the nozzle of the central flow channel;

[0016] The two small impact blocks of the pendulum are respectively arranged in the two reversing grooves; the inner circle of the pendulum cylinder and the reversing groove constitute a closed space, forming a circumferential reversing hydraulic cylinder. The small impact block is equivalent to the piston inside it, dividing the reversing groove of the reversing sleeve into two parts. The flow channels on both sides of the small impact block are equivalent to hydraulic pipes, which are respectively connected to or staggered with the outer high-pressure area and the inner low-pressure area of ​​the hammer seat.

[0017] According to the above technical solution, the large impact block and the small impact block are both fan-shaped blocks, namely the large fan-shaped block and the small fan-shaped block; the reversing groove and the hammer groove are both fan-shaped spaces.

[0018] According to the above technical solution, the center lines of the hammer seat, sleeve, reversing seat, nozzle, pendulum and reversing sleeve are coaxially arranged to form a central flow channel; when high-pressure mud passes through the central flow channel and the nozzle, a pressure difference is generated at the inlet and outlet of the nozzle.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, the movable valve is connected to the upper end of the reversing sleeve through a key, and the reversing sleeve drives the movable valve to move.

[0020] According to the above technical solution, a sealing ring is provided between the pendulum and the reversing sleeve, and the sealing ring is arranged at the upper end of the reversing groove.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, an arc-shaped flow channel is opened on the solid circular ring of the reversing seat, two convex ridges are opened on the outer circle, and semicircular grooves are opened on the convex ridges.

[0022] According to the above technical solution, the sum of the active rotation angle of the reversing sleeve and the passive rotation angle of the reversing sleeve is in the range of 40-70 degrees.

[0023] According to the above technical solution, the upper end of the reversing seat and the lower end of the reversing sleeve are respectively provided with an annular boss and an annular countersunk hole, and the annular boss is inserted into the annular countersunk hole.

[0024] According to the above technical solution, when the pendulum rotates clockwise from start to finish, the area of ​​the upper and lower channels formed by the overlap of the arc grooves of the static valve and the dynamic valve changes from maximum to minimum or from minimum to maximum, or when the pendulum rotates clockwise at start, the area of ​​the upper and lower channels formed by the overlap of the arc grooves of the static valve and the dynamic valve is an intermediate value between the maximum and the minimum, forming a same-phase impact or anti-phase impact, or a different-phase impact of the torsional impact and the axial impact.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This tool can generate axial and torsional impact simultaneously, effectively increasing drilling pressure and reducing stick-slip. It is a composite impactor with a simple structure and reliable operation. In addition, this tool has the advantages of synchronous circumferential / axial frequency and short tool length, making it suitable for drilling speed-up operations in various complex working conditions such as soft and hard interlaced formations and high deflection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-composite percussion drilling tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the flow path of the multi-composite percussion drilling tool after the sleeve is removed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a hammer seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional diagram of a reversing seat in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 is a perspective view of a pendulum according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional diagram of a reversing sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional diagram of a static valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional diagram of a movable valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 1 is a top view of the assembled static valve and the dynamic valve in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is an assembly cross-sectional view of the hammer seat, pendulum and reversing sleeve in a clockwise impact state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is an assembly cross-sectional view of the hammer seat, pendulum and reversing sleeve in the counterclockwise reversing state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of an axial impact device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13a-13d 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the synchronization of torsional impact and axial impact in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14a-Figure 14d 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention in which the torsional impact and the axial impact are asynchronous;

[0041] In the figure, 1- hammer seat, 2- sleeve, 3- locking block, 4- O-ring, 5- reversing seat, 6- positioning pin, 7- static valve, 8- hexagon socket head screw, 9- spring washer, 10- hammer straightening ring, 11- sealing ring retaining ring, 12- sealing ring, 13- reversing sleeve, 14- pendulum, 15- alloy tooth, 16- O-ring, 17- main nozzle, 18- main nozzle retaining ring, 19- auxiliary nozzle, 24- hexagon socket head screw, 25- moving valve cover, 26- moving valve.

[0042] In the above figure: P represents the high-pressure area, p represents the low-pressure area, H represents the high-pressure flow channel (such as 1H), L represents the low-pressure flow channel (such as 5L), Y represents the hydraulic cylinder space (this interval will be divided into two halves, such as 13Y), and x represents the flow channel connected to the hydraulic cylinder (its high / low pressure depends on the specific high / low pressure area it is connected to, such as 14bx). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 12 As shown, a multi-compound percussion drilling tool in one embodiment of the present invention includes a hammer seat 1, a sleeve 2, a reversing seat 5, a nozzle 17, a pendulum 14, a reversing sleeve 13, a static valve 7, and a dynamic valve 26. The upper end of the sleeve 2 is provided with a thread and is connected to the drilling tool through the thread. The lower end of the hammer seat 1 is provided with a thread and is connected to the drill bit through the thread. The static valve 7 is arranged in the sleeve 2, and the lower end of the sleeve 2 is sleeved with the upper end of the hammer seat 1. The static valve 7 is arranged above the hammer seat 1, and the dynamic valve 26 is arranged at the upper end of the static valve 7.

[0045] The pendulum 14 and the reversing seat 5 are sequentially sleeved in the hammer seat 1 from top to bottom, the nozzle 17 is arranged in the reversing seat 5, the upper end of the reversing sleeve 13 is sleeved in the static valve 7 and connected to the dynamic valve 26, the dynamic valve 26 rotates with the reversing sleeve 13, and the lower end of the reversing sleeve 13 is sleeved in the pendulum 14; the hammer seat 1, sleeve 2, reversing seat 5, nozzle 17, pendulum 14, and reversing sleeve 13 constitute a torsional impact device; the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26 constitute an axial impact device; these parts and other auxiliary parts constitute a circumferential torsion and axial pressure composite impact device.

[0046] Furthermore, the movable valve 26 is an annular disc structure, and a pair of arc-shaped grooves 26a and 26b are provided on the annular disc along the circumference;

[0047] The static valve 7 includes a hollow intermediate shaft, an upper end cover and a lower end cover. The upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the hollow intermediate shaft. The upper end cover is provided with a pair of arc-shaped grooves 7a and 7b. The intermediate shaft is provided with an inner and outer communicating hole 7c. The movable valve 26 is fitted with the upper end cover. During the rotation of the movable valve 26, the arc-shaped grooves 26a and 26b on the movable valve 26 and the arc-shaped grooves 7a and 7b on the static valve 7 are staggered, intersected or overlapped to form upper and lower channels 30a and 30b. When the reversing sleeve 13 drives the movable valve 26 to swing back and forth, the areas of the upper and lower channels 30a and 30b change periodically. When high-pressure mud passes through the channel, the pressure above the valve changes periodically, causing periodic impact on the hammer seat and the drill bit connected thereto.

[0048] The radius of the arcuate groove on the movable valve 26 from the central axis is the same as the radius of the arcuate groove on the static valve 7 from the central axis.

[0049] The cross-section of the static valve 7 is an I-shaped structure, with the end cover of the torsional impact device at the bottom and the static valve of the axial impact device at the top; the dynamic valve 26 is a disc-shaped structure with a key, with two symmetrical arc-shaped grooves 26a and 26b around the disc, a center hole in the middle, and a key 26c that cooperates with the key groove 13d on the end face of the reversing sleeve.

[0050] Furthermore, the outer periphery of the hammer seat 1 is provided with four high-pressure flow channels 1H, the inner periphery is provided with two low-pressure flow channels 1L, and the inner periphery of the hammer seat 1 is also provided with two symmetrically arranged hammer grooves 1Y;

[0051] The pendulum 14 comprises a cylindrical base having two symmetrically arranged large impact blocks disposed on the outer wall of the cylindrical base. A first channel 14ax is formed on the cylindrical base wall on either side of each large impact block, connecting the inside and the outside. Two small impact blocks are disposed within the cylinder, each of which has a second channel 14bx formed on the cylindrical base wall on either side of the small impact block, connecting the inside and the outside.

[0052] The reversing sleeve 13 comprises a hollow stepped shaft. Two symmetrically arranged reversing grooves 13Y are provided on the outer circumference of the lower large shaft of the hollow stepped shaft. Each reversing groove 13Y is flanked by vertical connecting grooves 13b. Two sets of vertically arranged third channels 13ex, connecting the inside and outside, are provided on the lower large shaft of the hollow stepped shaft between the two vertical connecting grooves 13b. A set of holes 13c, connecting the inside and outside, are provided on the upper small shaft of the hollow stepped shaft, and a keyway 13d is provided on the end face.

[0053] The two large impact blocks of the pendulum 14 are respectively arranged in the sector-shaped intervals of the two hammer grooves 1Y on the inner circumference of the hammer seat 1, that is, the hammer groove 1Y is sector-shaped, the outer circle of the pendulum 14 cylinder, the hammer groove 1Y of the hammer seat and the end face of the end cover 7 constitute a relatively closed space, forming a circumferential pendulum hydraulic cylinder, the large impact block is equivalent to the piston inside it, dividing the hammer groove 1Y of the hammer seat into two parts, the first channels 14ax on both sides of the large impact block and the two groups of internal and external connecting third channels 13ex on the sector-shaped body of the reversing sleeve are equivalent to hydraulic pipes, which are respectively connected to the high-pressure area above the central flow channel nozzle 17 and the low-pressure area below the central flow channel nozzle 17 during the relative rotation of the pendulum, hammer seat and reversing sleeve. The arc-shaped flow channel 5L is connected or staggered; when the first channel 14ax is respectively connected with the arc-shaped flow channel 5L in the high-pressure area above the central flow channel nozzle 17 and the low-pressure area below, the large sector block 14a will generate clockwise or counterclockwise movement. The central flow channel above the nozzle 17 serves as the high-pressure area. The first channel 14ax is connected or staggered through the internal and external connecting third channel 13ex, and then connected or staggered with the central flow channel above the nozzle 17. The arc-shaped flow channel 5L in the low-pressure area is formed by the longitudinal upper and lower connecting grooves 13b, the pendulum 14 and the reversing seat 5. The first channel 14ax is directly connected or staggered with the arc-shaped flow channel 5L in the low-pressure area.

[0054] The two small impact blocks of the pendulum 14 are respectively arranged in the two reversing grooves 13Y; the inner circle of the pendulum 14 cylinder, the reversing groove 13Y and the end face of the sealing ring 12 constitute a closed space, forming a circumferential reversing hydraulic cylinder. The small impact block is equivalent to the piston inside it, dividing the reversing groove 13Y of the reversing sleeve 13 into two parts. The second channels 14bx on both sides of the small impact block are equivalent to hydraulic pipes. During the relative rotation of the pendulum, hammer seat and reversing sleeve, they are respectively connected or staggered with the outer peripheral high-pressure flow channel 1H and the inner peripheral low-pressure flow channel 1L of the hammer seat 1; when they are respectively connected with the outer peripheral high-pressure flow channel 1H and the inner peripheral low-pressure flow channel 1L of the hammer seat 1, the small impact block will generate clockwise or counterclockwise movement; this movement will drive the pendulum 14 to change its movement direction.

[0055] There are two large impact blocks, which are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical base of the pendulum. There are two small impact blocks, which are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical base of the pendulum. There are also two hammer grooves, which are symmetrically arranged on the inner periphery of the hammer seat. There are also two reversing grooves, which are symmetrically arranged on the outer periphery of the reversing sleeve.

[0056] Furthermore, the large impact block and the small impact block are both fan-shaped blocks, namely the large fan-shaped block 14a and the small fan-shaped block 14b; the reversing groove 13Y and the hammering groove 1Y are both fan-shaped spaces, serving as the reversing hydraulic cylinder space and the pendulum hydraulic cylinder space respectively.

[0057] Furthermore, the reversing groove 13Y is a longitudinal groove whose lower end is not through.

[0058] Furthermore, the center lines of the hammer seat 1, sleeve 2, reversing seat 5, nozzle 17, pendulum 14, and reversing sleeve 13 are coaxially arranged to form a central flow channel; when high-pressure mud passes through the central flow channel and nozzle 17, a pressure difference is generated at the inlet and outlet of the nozzle 17, and the pressure difference drives the pendulum to move.

[0059] Furthermore, the static valve 7 , the dynamic valve 26 and the center line of the reversing sleeve 13 are coaxially arranged.

[0060] Furthermore, the movable valve 26 is connected to the upper end of the reversing sleeve via a key, and the key 26 c on the movable valve 26 cooperates with the key slot 13 d on the reversing sleeve 13 , so that the reversing sleeve 13 drives the movable valve 26 to move.

[0061] Furthermore, a sealing ring 12 is provided between the pendulum 14 and the reversing sleeve 13 . The sealing ring 12 is arranged at the upper end of the reversing groove 13Y, and a sealing ring retaining ring is provided at the outer end of the sealing ring 12 .

[0062] Furthermore, two arc-shaped flow channels 5L are opened on the solid circular ring of the reversing seat 5, two convex ridges are opened on the outer circle, and semicircular grooves 5L' are opened on the convex ridges.

[0063] Furthermore, the sum of the active rotation angle of the reversing sleeve and the passive rotation angle of the reversing sleeve is in the range of 40-70 degrees.

[0064] When the pendulum 14 rotates clockwise from start to finish, the area of ​​the upper and lower channels formed by the overlap of the arc grooves of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26 changes from maximum to minimum or from minimum to maximum, or when the pendulum 14 rotates clockwise at start, the area of ​​the upper and lower channels formed by the overlap of the arc grooves of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26 is an intermediate value between the maximum and the minimum, forming a same-phase impact or anti-phase impact, or a different-phase impact of the torsional impact and the axial impact.

[0065] Furthermore, an annular boss and an annular countersunk hole are respectively provided at the upper end of the reversing seat 5 and the lower end of the reversing sleeve 13 , and the annular boss is inserted into the annular countersunk hole.

[0066] After the reversing sleeve 13 drives the pendulum 14 to move and reverse for a period of time, when the hydraulic second channel 14bx of the reversing groove 13Y of the reversing hydraulic cylinder is closed, the large collision block of the pendulum 14 fits into the side of the reversing groove 13Y of the reversing hydraulic cylinder, and the pendulum 14 in turn drives the reversing sleeve 13 to move;

[0067] After the large impact block of the pendulum 14 engages the side of the reversing groove 13Y of the reversing hydraulic cylinder, the pendulum 14 will initiate clockwise or counterclockwise motion. When the pendulum 14 initiates clockwise motion, the circumferential working torque of the drill tool is minimized. At this time, the upper and lower channel areas 30a and 30b formed by the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26 can be designed to be maximized, minimizing the axial force. Conversely, at the end of clockwise motion, the circumferential working torque of the drill tool is maximized, and the upper and lower channel areas 30a and 30b can be designed to be minimized, maximizing the axial force. That is, from the start to the end of clockwise rotation of the pendulum 14, the upper and lower channel areas 30a and 30b change from maximum to minimum (in-phase impact). Alternatively, from the start to the end of clockwise rotation of the pendulum 14, the upper and lower channel areas 30a and 30b can be designed to change from minimum to maximum (out-of-phase impact). Alternatively, when the pendulum 14 starts clockwise, the upper and lower channel areas 30a and 30b can be designed to be intermediate between maximum and minimum, creating a phase difference between the circumferential impact and the axial impact (out-of-phase impact). This article claims three types of related impact structures: circumferential and axial in-phase impact, anti-phase impact and phase impact.

[0068] Working principle of the present invention:

[0069] Figure 1 This diagram schematically illustrates an embodiment of a composite percussion drilling tool according to the present invention. This embodiment includes a hammer base 1, sleeve 2, locking block 3, O-ring 4, reversing seat 5, locating pin 6, end cap or static valve 7, hexagon socket head screw 8, spring washer 9, hammer centering ring 10, sealing ring retainer 11, sealing ring 12, reversing sleeve 13, pendulum 14, alloy tooth 15, O-ring 16, main nozzle 17, main nozzle retainer 18, auxiliary nozzle 19, hexagon socket head screw 24, dynamic valve cover 25, and dynamic valve 26. The pin hole in locking block 3 and its plugging assembly are not shown.

[0070] Figure 2 The main flow channel structure of the present invention is illustrated in a three-dimensional cross-sectional view. The power source for generating torsional and axial composite impact in a composite percussion drilling tool of the present invention comes from high-pressure mud pressure energy, and each moving part moves under the thrust generated by the pressure difference. Figure 2 The central flow channel of a preferred embodiment is shown. It is composed of a hammer base 1, sleeve 2, reversing base 5, nozzle 17, pendulum 14, and reversing sleeve 13. The centerlines of these components are coaxial, forming the central flow channel. When high-pressure mud passes through the central flow channel and nozzle 17, a pressure differential is generated at the inlet and outlet of nozzle 17, which drives the pendulum.

[0071] Figure 3-Figure 8 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the main parts is shown to illustrate the key features of the present invention. The detailed description is as follows:

[0072] Figure 3The hammer base 1 is shown in the figure. It has four high-pressure flow channels 1H on its outer circumference, two low-pressure flow channels 1L on its inner circumference, and two sector-shaped hammer grooves 1Y. The lower part has four tooth blocks that match the tooth grooves at the bottom of the sleeve. The upper part has end cover positioning pins and bolt connection holes. The middle of the high-pressure flow channel 1H has an internal and external connecting hole, which guides the high-pressure fluid from the center hole of the end cover into the reversing hydraulic cylinder (see Figure 10 、 Figure 11 ). An inclined hole is drilled below the high-pressure flow channel 1H for installing a secondary nozzle to assist in increasing the pressure difference. The bottom of the low-pressure flow channel 1L is lower than the installation plane of the lowest reversing seat. Figure 2 , its function is to introduce the low pressure below the nozzle into the low-pressure flow channel 1L.

[0073] Figure 4 The reversing seat 5 is shown in FIG. 2. The solid ring has two arc-shaped flow channels 5L, and the outer circle has two ridges, and the ridges have semicircular grooves 5L'. The arc-shaped flow channels 5L introduce the low pressure below the nozzle into the four vertically connected low pressure areas 13b of the reversing sleeve (see FIG. Figure 6 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 The convex ridge cooperates with the groove of the low-pressure flow channel 1L of the hammer seat to prevent the reversing seat 5 from rotating; the semicircular groove 5L' on the convex ridge is connected to the low-pressure flow channel 1L.

[0074] Figure 5 The pendulum 14 is shown as an example. Its base is cylindrical. Two large sector-shaped blocks 14a are provided on the outside of the cylinder. A first channel 14ax is opened on both sides of each block for internal and external communication. Two smaller sector-shaped blocks 14b are provided on the inside of the cylinder. A second channel 14bx is opened on both sides of each block for internal and external communication.

[0075] Figure 6 The reversing sleeve 13 is shown schematically. Its base is a hollow stepped shaft. The outer circumference of the lower, larger shaft is defined by four vertically connected grooves 13b and two unconnected reversing grooves 13Y. Two sets of longitudinally arranged third channels 13ex are formed on the fan-shaped body between the two vertically connected grooves 13b. The upper, smaller shaft is defined by a set of internally and externally connected holes 13c and a keyway 13d on its end face.

[0076] Figure 7 The end cover or static valve 7 is shown in the figure. Its outer shape is an I-shaped structure. The lower part is the end cover of the torsional impact device, and the upper part is the static valve of the axial impact device. Two symmetrical arc grooves 7a and 7b are opened on the static valve, and an inner and outer communicating hole 7c is opened on the middle shaft.

[0077] Figure 8 The actuator 26 is a keyed disc-shaped structure with two symmetrical arcuate grooves 26a and 26b on the disc periphery, a central hole in the middle, and a key 26c that cooperates with the key groove 13d on the end face of the reversing sleeve.

[0078] Figure 9A top view of the assembled static valve 7 and dynamic valve 26 illustrates the formation of the flow passage. The arcuate slots 26a and 26b on the dynamic valve 26 overlap and intersect with the arcuate slots 7a and 7b on the static valve 7, forming upper and lower passages 30a and 30b. When the reversing sleeve 13 drives the dynamic valve 26 back and forth, the areas of the upper and lower passages 30a and 30b fluctuate periodically. When high-pressure mud flows through this passage, the pressure above the valve fluctuates periodically, generating periodic hydraulic pulses on the hammer seat and the drill bit connected below.

[0079] The following combination Figures 1-9 , the assembly process of the embodiment of the present invention is described:

[0080] 1) Install the O-ring 16 into the sealing groove in the reversing seat 5, screw the main nozzle 17 into the middle threaded hole of the reversing seat 5, and install the main nozzle retaining ring 18 after screwing it to the bottom.

[0081] 2) Place the hammer seat 1 upright on the workbench, align the two ridges of the reversing seat 5 with the grooves of the two low-pressure flow channels 1L of the hammer seat 1, and press them until they contact the bottom surface.

[0082] 3) Install the reversing sleeve 13, note that the two non-through sector-shaped reversing grooves 13Y open upward, and the reversing seat 5 boss is inserted into the countersunk hole below the reversing sleeve 13.

[0083] 4) Install the pendulum 14. Place the two large sector blocks 14a into the hammer groove 1Y of the sector space of the hammer seat 1, and the two small sector blocks into the reversing groove 13Y of the sector space of the reversing sleeve. Insert the boss below the pendulum 14 into the countersunk hole of the reversing seat 5.

[0084] 5) Install the sealing ring 12, sealing ring retaining ring 11, and hammer straightening ring 10.

[0085] 6) Install the locating pin 6 on the end face of the hammer base 1, align the locating pin hole with the locating pin installation end cover 7, and install the spring washer 9 and the hexagon socket head screw 8.

[0086] 7) Align the key of the dynamic valve 26 with the keyway on the end face of the reversing sleeve, and match the outer circle with the inner hole of the end cover or the static valve 7. Fasten the dynamic valve cover 25 to the static valve 7 with the hexagonal cylindrical head screw 24, and cover it on the dynamic valve 26.

[0087] 8) Install the auxiliary nozzle 19 and O-ring 4 on the hammer seat 1, and install the O-ring 4 on the static valve 7.

[0088] 9) Put the sleeve 2 onto the hammer seat 1 and press it to the bottom to make the teeth fit correctly.

[0089] 10) Insert the locking blocks 3 into the locking annulus from the pin holes of the sleeve 2 and install the plug kit.

[0090] Specifically, the following Figure 10-12, the working process of the present invention is described:

[0091] Figure 10 、 Figure 11 The three-dimensional cross-sectional view shows the high- and low-pressure connection areas in the longitudinal section, and the pressure channels on both sides of the circumferential hydraulic cylinder in the transverse section. The two figures respectively illustrate the states of the pendulum 14 impacting clockwise and reversing counterclockwise.

[0092] After the composite percussion drilling tool is assembled, the pendulum 14 and the reversing sleeve 13 can rotate, and their initial circumferential state can be any position. To describe the working process, it is better to use Figure 10 The state is the initial state after the tool is assembled. Figure 1 look Figure 10 The outer circle of the pendulum 14 cylinder, the hammer groove 1Y in the sector-shaped space of the hammer seat, and the end face of the end cover 7 form a closed space, which is equivalent to a circumferential hydraulic cylinder. The large sector block 14a is equivalent to a piston, which is located in the hammer groove 1Y in the sector-shaped space of the hammer seat 1 after assembly and divides the space into two parts. The first channels 14ax on both sides of the large sector block and the two groups of third channels 13ex on the sector-shaped body of the reversing sleeve are equivalent to hydraulic pipes. Here, x in 14ax and 13ex indicates that the channel can be a high-pressure channel, a low-pressure channel, or not connected. The hydraulic cylinder where the large sector block 14a is located is hereinafter referred to as the pendulum hydraulic cylinder.

[0093] Figure 10 On the right side, high-pressure fluid from the drill string enters the tool and passes through the center hole of the end cap 7, the center hole of the reversing sleeve 13, the third channel 13ex, and the first channel 14ax, entering the upper side of the pendulum hydraulic cylinder. The first channel 14ax on the other side of the large sector 14a of the pendulum 14 connects to the arc-shaped flow channel 5L in the low-pressure area below, causing the large sector 14a to move clockwise. Note: Figure 10 On the left side, the second channels 14bx on either side of the reversing hydraulic cylinder (described below) formed by the small sector 14b and its associated sector are disconnected, rendering the reversing hydraulic cylinder inoperative. Furthermore, the small sector 14b is in contact with the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder, and clockwise rotation of the pendulum 14 drives the reversing sleeve 13 with it.

[0094] Figure 11 The cylindrical inner circumference of pendulum 14, the reversing groove 13Y in the reversing sleeve's sector-shaped space, and the end surface of sealing ring 12 form a sealed space, equivalent to a circumferential hydraulic cylinder. Small sector 14b acts as a piston. Once assembled, it sits within reversing groove 13Y in the sector-shaped space of reversing sleeve 13, dividing the space into two parts. Secondary channels 14bx on either side of the small sector act as hydraulic pipes. The hydraulic cylinder housing small sector 14b is referred to as the reversing hydraulic cylinder.

[0095] Figure 11The diagram illustrates the state after the pendulum 14, driving the reversing sleeve 13, strikes the hammer base 1. At the moment of impact, the pendulum 14 stops rotating, while the reversing sleeve 13, which is moving with it, continues to rotate due to inertia. The small sector 14b, which was originally in contact with the reversing sleeve 13, separates from the reversing sleeve 13. High-pressure fluid from the outer periphery of the hammer base 1 enters the hydraulic chamber on one side of the small sector 14b through the high-pressure flow channel 1H and the second channel 14bx. Simultaneously, the hydraulic chamber on the opposite side connects to the low-pressure flow channel 1L on the inner periphery of the hammer base 1. Under the action of the hydraulic pressure, the small sector 14b will produce counterclockwise movement, while the reversing sleeve 13 will produce clockwise movement. After a period of time, the hydraulic circuit of the pendulum hydraulic cylinder reverses, and the pendulum cylinder actively moves counterclockwise. The reversing hydraulic cylinder hydraulic circuit closes, and the small sector 14b and the reversing sleeve 13 engage in the opposite direction, causing the reversing sleeve 13 to passively move counterclockwise.

[0096] from Figure 10 Starting from the initial state, the pendulum drives the reversing sleeve to move clockwise - the pendulum hits the hammer seat clockwise and stops moving - the reversing sleeve continues to move clockwise - the pendulum is hydraulically driven by the reversing cylinder to cause the pendulum cylinder fluid circuit to reverse - the pendulum moves counterclockwise - the pendulum drives the reversing sleeve to move counterclockwise - the pendulum hits the hammer seat counterclockwise and stops moving - the reversing sleeve continues to move counterclockwise - the pendulum is hydraulically driven by the reversing cylinder to cause the pendulum cylinder fluid circuit to reverse - the pendulum moves clockwise - the pendulum drives the reversing sleeve to move clockwise, and this process is repeated, so that the torque impact device continues to work.

[0097] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the components related to the axial impact device of this embodiment, Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the axial impact device, including the sleeve 2, reversing sleeve 13, static valve 7, dynamic valve 26, dynamic valve cover 25, and hexagon socket head screw 24. The process of generating the axial pulse impact is as follows: the reversing sleeve 13 drives the dynamic valve 26, causing the upper and lower passages formed by the dynamic valve 26 and the static valve 7 to periodically change in area. When high-pressure mud passes through this passage, the pressure above the valve fluctuates periodically, generating periodic hydraulic pulse impacts on the hammer seat and the drill bit connected below.

[0098] The axial connection between the reversing sleeve 13 and the movable valve 26 is further described. Figure 6 、 Figure 8 Key connection shown, Figure 12 Another embodiment is shown, in which the end surfaces of the reversing sleeve 13 and the movable valve 26 are stepped.

[0099] Further explanation: the rotation angle of the reversing sleeve 13. Whether the reversing sleeve 13 moves clockwise or counterclockwise, it includes two processes: one is the passive movement driven by the pendulum 14, and the other is the active movement driven by the reversing cylinder. The sum of the passive and active rotation angles of the reversing sleeve is in the range of 40-70 degrees, preferably 55 degrees.

[0100] The following further describes the coordination between the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26 when the reversing sleeve 13 starts and ends its clockwise movement. The following also describes how to achieve synchronization or asynchrony between the torsional impact and the axial impact.

[0101] In one embodiment, when the reversing sleeve 13 moves from the beginning to the end of the clockwise movement, the flow area formed by the cooperation of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26 changes from the maximum to the minimum. Figure 13a-13d When the torsional impact and axial impact are synchronized, Figure 13a The reversing sleeve 13 is in the starting state of clockwise movement. Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view; Figure 13b Hint Figure 13a Status Figure 1 The AA sectional view shows the coordinated state of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26, at which time the flow area is the largest. Figure 13c The reversing sleeve 13 is in the final state of clockwise movement. Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view; Figure 13d Hint Figure 13c Status Figure 1 The AA cross-sectional view shows the coordinated state of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26, at which time the flow area is the smallest.

[0102] During oil drilling, viewed from the ground downhole, the drill bit rotates clockwise to break rock. The reciprocating oscillation of the torque impact device produces impact in two directions, but only the clockwise impact increases the rock-breaking torque. Therefore, when the pendulum starts moving clockwise, the drill bit's rock-breaking torque is minimal; conversely, when the pendulum stops moving clockwise by striking the hammer seat, the drill bit's rock-breaking torque is maximized. In the above embodiment, the flow area is maximized and the axial force is minimized during clockwise start-up; at the end of the movement, the axial force is maximized. This means that the rock-breaking torque and axial pressure are simultaneously low or high, and the torsional impact and axial impact are synchronized.

[0103] To change the initial matching state of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26, you only need to change Figure 8 The relative position relationship between the key of the middle-acting valve 26 and the arc-shaped flow channel. Figure 8 The symmetry lines of the two coincide, which can create a misalignment angle.

[0104] In another embodiment 2, the misalignment angle is changed to the rotation angle of the reversing sleeve 13. From the beginning to the end of the clockwise movement of the reversing sleeve 13, the flow area formed by the cooperation of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26 changes from the minimum to the maximum, as shown in FIG. Figure 14a-Figure 14d In the case of asynchronous torque impact and axial impact, Figure 14a The reversing sleeve 13 is in the starting state of clockwise movement. Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view; Figure 14b Hint Figure 14a Status Figure 1The AA cross-sectional view shows the coordinated state of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26, at which time the flow area is the smallest. Figure 14c The reversing sleeve 13 is in the final state of clockwise movement. Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view; Figure 14d Hint Figure 14c Status Figure 1 The AA cross-sectional view shows the mating state of the static valve 7 and the dynamic valve 26, at which point the flow area is maximized. The result of this embodiment is that when the rock-breaking torque is low, the axial pressure is high; when the rock-breaking torque is high, the axial pressure is low. Torsional impact is the opposite of axial impact.

[0105] In the previous two embodiments, if the misalignment angle is 0, the torsional impact and the axial impact are synchronized; if the misalignment angle is the rotation angle of the reversing sleeve, the torsional impact and the axial impact are opposite. The misalignment angle can also be changed to other values, so that there is a precise phase difference between the torsional impact and the axial impact.

[0106] In summary, 1) the torque impact device of the composite percussion drilling tool is provided with a reversing seat on the hammer seat, and the reversing seat can cooperate with the drainage groove of the hammer seat through the convex ridge, so that the reversing seat can be firmly clamped in the hammer seat; 2) the torque impact device of the composite percussion drilling tool can be easily removed from the hammer seat even if there is mud and sand between the reversing seat and the hammer seat; 3) the torque impact device of the composite percussion drilling tool, the reversing seat cooperates with the lower inner hole of the reversing sleeve through the upper short cylindrical surface, to ensure that the reversing sleeve is not prone to getting stuck due to tilting during high-speed rotation; 4) the torque impact device of the composite percussion drilling tool eliminates the central tube of the ordinary torque impactor, thereby increasing the drilling fluid in the hammer seat. The flow area of ​​the center is small, and the reversing sleeve is not prone to erosion; 5) The axial impact device of the composite impact drilling tool adopts a hydraulic oscillator disc valve hydraulic pulse scheme, which eliminates the impact hammer design and improves the tool safety and working reliability; 6) The axial impact device of the composite impact drilling tool uses the reversing sleeve of the torsional impact device as the power source to drive the movement of the disc valve, and does not require an additional turbine or screw drive; 7) The torsional impact and axial impact of the composite impact drilling tool can achieve synchronous impact or asynchronous impact with precisely controllable phase difference; 8) The composite impact drilling tool is short in length and is suitable for dynamic drilling in high-inclination wells; 9) The composite impact drilling tool has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble, and works reliably.

[0107] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-composite percussion drilling tool, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hammer seat (1), a sleeve (2), a reversing seat (5), a nozzle (17), a pendulum (14), a reversing sleeve (13), a static valve (7) and a dynamic valve (26), wherein the static valve (7) is sleeved in the sleeve (2), the lower end of the sleeve (2) is sleeved outside the upper end of the hammer seat (1), the static valve (7) is arranged above the hammer seat (1), and the dynamic valve (26) is arranged at the upper end of the static valve (7); The pendulum (14) and the reversing seat (5) are sequentially sleeved in the hammer seat (1) from top to bottom, the nozzle (17) is arranged in the reversing seat (5), the upper end of the reversing sleeve (13) is sleeved in the static valve (7) and connected to the dynamic valve (26), the dynamic valve (26) rotates with the reversing sleeve (13), and the lower end of the reversing sleeve (13) is sleeved in the pendulum (14); The movable valve (26) is an annular disc structure, and an arc groove is provided on the annular disc along the circumference; The static valve (7) includes a hollow intermediate shaft, an upper end cover and a lower end cover, the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the hollow intermediate shaft, the upper end cover is provided with an arc groove, the intermediate shaft is provided with an inner and outer communicating hole (7c), the movable valve is fitted with the upper end cover, and during the rotation of the movable valve (26), the arc groove on the movable valve (26) and the arc groove on the static valve (7) are staggered, intersected or overlapped to form an upper and lower channel; The outer periphery of the hammer seat (1) is provided with a plurality of high-pressure flow channels (1H), the inner periphery is provided with a plurality of low-pressure flow channels (1L), and the inner periphery of the hammer seat (1) is also provided with a hammering groove (1Y); The pendulum (14) includes a cylindrical base body, a large collision block is provided on the outer wall of the cylindrical base body, and a first channel (14ax) is opened on the cylindrical base body wall on both sides of each large collision block, which is connected to the inside and outside; a small collision block is provided inside the cylinder, and a second channel (14bx) is opened on the cylindrical base body wall on both sides of each small collision block, which is connected to the inside and outside; The reversing sleeve (13) comprises a hollow stepped shaft, wherein a reversing groove (13Y) is provided on the outer circumference of the lower large shaft of the hollow stepped shaft; longitudinal upper and lower connecting grooves (13b) are provided on both sides of each reversing groove (13Y); a third channel (13ex) for internal and external communication is provided on the lower large shaft body of the hollow stepped shaft between two adjacent longitudinal upper and lower connecting grooves (13b); and a group of internal and external communicating holes (13c) are provided on the upper small shaft of the hollow stepped shaft; The large impact block of the pendulum (14) is arranged in the hammer groove (1Y) on the inner circumference of the hammer seat (1). The outer circle of the pendulum (14) cylinder and the hammer groove (1Y) of the hammer seat constitute a relatively closed space, forming a circumferential pendulum hydraulic cylinder. The large impact block is equivalent to the piston inside the cylinder, which divides the hammer groove (1Y) of the hammer seat into two parts. The first channels (14ax) on both sides of the large impact block and the third channel (13ex) on the reversing sleeve that connects the inside and outside are equivalent to hydraulic pipes, which are respectively connected to or staggered with the high-pressure area above and the low-pressure area below the central flow channel nozzle (17); The small impact block of the pendulum (14) is arranged in the reversing groove (13Y); the inner circle of the pendulum (14) cylinder and the reversing groove (13Y) constitute a closed space, forming a circumferential reversing hydraulic cylinder, the small impact block is equivalent to the piston inside the reversing groove (13Y) of the reversing sleeve (13) into two parts, and the second channels (14bx) on both sides of the small impact block are equivalent to hydraulic pipes, which are respectively connected to or staggered with the outer peripheral high-pressure flow channel (1H) and the inner peripheral low-pressure flow channel (1L) of the hammer seat (1); The center lines of the hammer seat (1), the sleeve (2), the reversing seat (5), the nozzle (17), the pendulum (14), and the reversing sleeve (13) are coaxially arranged to form a central flow channel; when high-pressure mud passes through the central flow channel and the nozzle (17), a pressure difference is generated at the inlet and outlet of the nozzle (17).

2. The multi-compound percussion drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large impact block and the small impact block are both fan-shaped blocks, namely the large fan-shaped block (14a) and the small fan-shaped block (14b); the reversing slot (13Y) and the hammering slot (1Y) are both fan-shaped spaces.

3. The multi-compound percussion drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two large impact blocks, which are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical base of the pendulum. There are two small impact blocks, which are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical base of the pendulum. There are also two hammer grooves, which are symmetrically arranged on the inner periphery of the hammer seat. There are also two reversing grooves, which are symmetrically arranged on the outer periphery of the reversing sleeve.

4. The multi-compound percussion drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring (12) is provided between the pendulum (14) and the reversing sleeve (13), and the sealing ring (12) is arranged at the upper end of the reversing groove (13Y).

5. The multi-compound percussion drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable valve cover (25) is connected to the upper end of the reversing sleeve through a key, and the reversing sleeve (13) drives the movable valve (26) to move; the upper end of the reversing seat (5) and the lower end of the reversing sleeve (13) are respectively provided with an annular boss and an annular countersunk hole, and the annular boss is inserted into the annular countersunk hole; The reversing seat (5) has an arc-shaped flow channel (5L) on its solid circular ring, two convex ridges on its outer circle, and a semicircular groove (5L') on the convex ridges.

6. The multi-compound percussion drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sum of the active rotation angle of the reversing sleeve and the passive rotation angle of the reversing sleeve is in the range of 40-70 degrees.

7. The multi-compound percussion drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the pendulum (14) rotates clockwise from start to finish, the area of ​​the upper and lower channels formed by the intersection and overlap of the arc grooves of the static valve (7) and the dynamic valve (26) changes from maximum to minimum or from minimum to maximum, or when the pendulum (14) rotates clockwise and starts, the area of ​​the upper and lower channels formed by the intersection and overlap of the arc grooves of the static valve (7) and the dynamic valve (26) is an intermediate value between the maximum and the minimum, forming a same-phase impact or anti-phase impact of the torsional impact and the axial impact, or a different-phase impact.

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