A low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for thin veins

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining methods, and discloses a low-cost and high-efficiency mining process for vein-shaped thin ore veins, including the following steps: firstly, the upper and lower vein lanes required for mining, the transport lane outside the vein, the material well in the vein, the stope connection road, the electric locomotive transport connection road, the ventilation pedestrian well on the way, and the chute on the way are set; and the stope range is delineated, and the stope is divided into two, and a steel barrel is welded in the chute on the way and the ventilation well on the way in one stope, and the steel barrel is extended upward together, and then the stope is filled and blocked, and the second layer is transferred to the second layer, and the vein is uphill to the second layer, and the stope end is mined until it is back to the top column 5m; the top and bottom column mining adopts segmented lateral ore collapse and subsequent filling, and a remote-controlled scraper is used to mine, and the top and bottom columns are mined synchronously, and the upper middle section bottom column is blasted 5-7m ahead of time. After the mining is completed, it is filled afterwards to complete the mining. The present invention solves the problem of high mining cost in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining methods, and in particular relates to a low-cost and high-efficiency mining process for vein-like thin ore veins. Background Art

[0002] For the mining of vein-like thin ore veins, generally shallow hole ore retention method, ordinary upward horizontal layered filling method, mechanized upward horizontal layered filling mining method and other processes are used for mining. When using the shallow hole ore retention method to open vein-like thin ore veins, one-third of the ore needs to be released each time the collapse is completed, and a large amount of ore is released after the mining is completed. The ore temporarily left in the mining area is loose and easy to move, which makes it impossible to control the ground pressure of the mining area. Therefore, it has great limitations and low safety performance; the ordinary upward dry filling mining method mines vein-like thin ore veins, and waste rock is used to fill the mining area to control the movement of the upper and lower surrounding rocks, and at the same time serves as the upper mining platform. However, waste rock filling will cause the workers to have high labor intensity and low waste rock filling efficiency, resulting in low production capacity and low work efficiency of the mining area. What is more serious is that the filled waste rock is loose, and it is difficult to control the ground pressure of the mining area. Therefore, the working face is prone to upper and lower plate collapse, roof collapse and other accidents, and the safety of the mining working face is difficult to guarantee. Based on this, the first two mining methods have been gradually eliminated. The most commonly used mining method at present is the mechanized upward horizontal layered filling mining method, but this method has a large mining-to-cut ratio and high mining costs.

[0003] In order to solve the current dilemma, many technicians have carried out a lot of method optimization and technical transformation, but have not been able to come up with a better mining method. However, the inventor has developed a mining process that has low mining-to-cut ratio, low dilution rate, high recovery rate and relatively high production capacity. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for vein-like thin ore veins, so as to solve the problem of high mining cost in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution, a low-cost and high-efficiency mining process for vein-like thin ore veins, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Preliminary preparation

[0007] Set up upper and lower vein lanes, and construct along the direction parallel to the upper and lower vein lanes, and set up an outer-vein transport lane; then delineate the mining range of thin ore veins, and construct an uphill stope connection road from the outer-vein transport lane. After the height reaches the first layer bottom vein, construct the bottom vein, and reserve bottom pillars in the process; construct two chute shafts, two ventilation pedestrian shafts, a material discharge shaft, and a ventilation shaft along the vein to the first layer bottom vein, and set up filling pipes in the material discharge shaft;

[0008] Step 2: Mining

[0009] The stope is divided into two, and steel barrels are welded in the down-pass chute and down-pass ventilation shaft in one of the stopes, and they are extended upward together. Then the stope is filled and blocked, and the second layer is transferred to the second layer, and the vein is uphill to the second layer, and the stope is mined toward the end of the stope until it is stepped back to 5m of the top pillar;

[0010] The top and bottom pillars are mined by lateral caving followed by backfilling. A remote-controlled scraper is used to mine the top and bottom pillars. The top and bottom pillars are mined simultaneously. The upper middle section bottom pillar is blasted 5-7m ahead. After the mining is completed, backfilling is performed to complete the mining.

[0011] During this process, the ore falls into the lower vein funnel through the along-the-way chute in the mining area on the other side. After the along-the-way chute and along-the-way ventilation shaft of the mining area are constructed, the second-layer reversing chamber can be constructed so that the shovel loader can turn around in the mining area.

[0012] This technical solution has the advantages of fewer mining projects, low mining costs and high mining efficiency. After optimizing the mining process, it can reduce mining costs while ensuring the existing mining efficiency, which has a great impact on the entire industry.

[0013] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mining range of the ore vein delineated in step one is 70-120 m in length and 40-50 m in stage height.

[0014] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom column reserved in step one is 5m.

[0015] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the chute and the ventilation shaft are short-range wells with a bottom column height.

[0016] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a ore-discharging funnel is made at the lower opening of the chute.

[0017] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material well is constructed by a reverse drilling rig from the top downward along the vein, with a diameter of 2m, a winch device installed at the top, and a track installed in the well as a stabilizing device.

[0018] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waste rock collapsed from the reversing chamber is used as a paving material for uphill layer transfer, and the excess rock is shoveled to the other side of the mining area for waste rock filling. The first layer is then filled through the filling pipe of the downhole without sealing, and is leveled with the second layer, thereby achieving intra-vein layer transfer. The above steps are repeated for subsequent layer transfers, and the two high and low mining areas are changed from flat to one high and one low, and then to flat again, thereby achieving layer transfer.

[0019] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connection line between the upper vein lane and the lower vein lane is inclined.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the stope in Example 1 of the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the positions of the upper vein lane and the lower vein lane in Example 1 of the present application.

[0024] Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the ore-drawing funnel used in Example 2 of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a top view of the communicating vessel used in the second embodiment of the present application.

[0026] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: main body 1, fixed plate 2, fixed shell 3, discharge rod 4, discharge protrusion 5, discharge port 6, auxiliary outlet 7, buffer sleeve 8, annular tube 9, vertical tube 10, drive tube 11, slide plate 12, push rod 13, connecting rod 14, limiting block 15, and transverse tube 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “vertical”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside” and “outside” etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or it can be the internal connection between two components. It can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] The present invention provides a low-cost and high-efficiency mining process for vein-shaped thin ore veins, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Preliminary preparation

[0033] In the mining area, set up Figure 1 The upper and lower vein lanes shown, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the connection line between the upper and lower vein lanes is inclined, so the upper and lower vein lanes are not on the same vertical plane. The outer vein transport lane is constructed in a direction parallel to the upper and lower vein lanes.

[0034] Then define the mining scope of thin ore veins, set the stope length within 70-120m, and the stage height within 40-50m. Reserve a 5m bottom column, and construct an uphill stope connection road from the outer transport lane of the vein. After the height reaches the first layer bottom vein, the bottom vein is constructed. In this process, two chute shafts, two ventilation pedestrian shafts, one material shaft, and four ventilation shafts are constructed along the vein to the first layer bottom vein.

[0035] The chute and the ventilation shaft are both short-range shafts with the height of the bottom column, and a ore-discharging funnel is made at the bottom of the chute. The material discharge shaft is constructed with a reverse well drilling rig, which is constructed from the top along the vein downward, with a specification diameter of 2m. A winch equipment is installed at the top to lower the materials. A track is installed in the shaft as a stabilizing device, and a filling pipe is also required in the shaft for filling.

[0036] Step 2: Mining

[0037] The stope is divided into two stopes, and steel barrels are welded in the down-pass chute and down-pass ventilation shaft of one stope to extend it upward. After the stope is sealed and filled, it is transferred to the second layer, upslope in the vein to the second layer, and mined to the end of the stope. The ore falls into the lower vein funnel through the down-pass chute in the stope on the other side.

[0038] After constructing the down-road chute and down-road ventilation shaft of the mining area, the second layer reversing chamber is constructed so that the scraper can turn around in the mining area. The waste rock collapsed in the reversing chamber is rationally utilized and used as a padding for uphill during the layer transfer. The excess rock can be shoveled to the other side of the mining area for waste rock filling. Then the first layer is filled through the filling pipe of the downhole. No plugging is required. It can be leveled with the second layer. At this point, the intra-vein layer transfer is realized. The above steps are repeated for subsequent layer transfers. The two mining areas are changed from flat to one high and one low, and then to flat, to achieve the layer transfer.

[0039] Until the mining reaches about 5m of the top pillar, the mining site connecting road is constructed to the upper middle section of the vein outer tunnel, and the electric shovel is used to excavate the mining site (the top pillar can be left without leaving it according to the actual production situation of the mine).

[0040] The top and bottom pillars are mined by segmented lateral caving followed by backfilling. A remote-controlled shovel loader is used to mine. The top and bottom pillars are mined simultaneously. The upper middle section of the bottom pillar is blasted 5-7m in advance. After the mining is completed, backfilling is performed to complete the mining.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] The structural principle of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, except that Figure 3 As shown, the ore-drawing funnel includes a conical body, the small diameter end of the body is fixed to the lower opening of the chute, and the large diameter end of the body faces downward. A conical fixing plate is fixed at the bottom of the body, and the large diameter end of the fixing plate has the same diameter as the large diameter end of the body.

[0043] A fixed shell is fixed to the bottom of the fixed disk, and also includes a feed rod that passes through the top of the fixed shell and is threadedly connected to the fixed shell. The thread pair formed between the feed rod and the fixed shell does not meet the self-locking condition, that is, the thread lead angle is greater than the equivalent friction angle of the thread pair. Therefore, the feed rod can rotate when subjected to vertical force; a number of feed protrusions are arranged on the outer periphery of the top of the feed rod, and the feed protrusions are spirally arranged on the feed rod, and the feed protrusions are all arc-shaped. The fixed disk is provided with multiple feed ports above the fixed shell, and multiple auxiliary outlets are provided at the connection between the fixed disk and the fixed shell. A limit block is provided on the feed rod above the fixed shell, which can limit the feed rod and prevent the feed rod from completely sliding into the fixed shell.

[0044] A buffer sleeve is arranged outside the fixed shell, the buffer sleeve is wrapped around the outside of the fixed shell, and the feed rod passes through the buffer sleeve and is slidably connected with the buffer sleeve, and the limit block can slide through the buffer sleeve.

[0045] The device also includes a driving member for driving the unloading rod and the buffer sleeve to move synchronously, and the driving member includes a communicating vessel fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate. The communicating vessel includes an annular tube and a plurality of vertical tubes whose bottom ends are respectively connected to the annular tube, and the vertical tubes are arranged vertically to the annular tube. The number of the vertical tubes is set according to actual needs. In this embodiment, four vertical tubes are set, and the vertical tubes are evenly arranged on the annular tube.

[0046] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the communicating vessel also includes a driving pipe, which is located at the center of the annular pipe, and a transverse pipe is connected between the driving pipe and the annular pipe; the driving pipe is arranged in parallel with the vertical pipe. Slide plates are vertically slidably connected in the driving pipe and the vertical pipe, push rods are fixed on the slide plates in the vertical pipe, and connecting rods are fixed on the slide plates in the driving pipe. A communicating fluid is injected between the slide plates in the communicating vessel, and the communicating fluid in this embodiment uses oil.

[0047] The push rods all penetrate the fixed shell and are vertically slidably connected to the fixed shell, and the top ends of the push rods are fixed to the inner side of the buffer sleeve. A spring is arranged between the buffer sleeve and the fixed shell. In this embodiment, the spring is a compression spring, and the specific model is selected according to actual needs. The top end of the linkage rod is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the feed rod.

[0048] When ore is discharged through the chute, the ore enters from the top of the main body and falls downward, thereby impacting the buffer sleeve. The spring arranged at the bottom of the buffer sleeve can play a buffering role, reducing the probability of damage to components caused by direct impact of the ore.

[0049] After the buffer sleeve is impacted by the ore, it will move downward, so the push rod will move downward accordingly, and the push rod will squeeze the slide in the vertical tube, and the slide in the vertical tube will move downward. Through the linkage of the connecting fluid, the slide in the driving tube will move upward, thereby driving the feeding rod to move upward and rotate through the linkage rod.

[0050] Under the action of the spring, the buffer sleeve will reciprocate, so the discharge rod can reciprocate accordingly, pushing the lower opening of the chute up and down, thereby reducing the probability of chute blockage. After the ore falls into the buffer sleeve, it will slide down along the buffer sleeve and be discharged through the discharge opening; some ore falls below the buffer sleeve and can also be discharged from the auxiliary outlet.

[0051] When the lower opening of the chute is blocked, no ore falls into the body, so the downward pressure on the buffer sleeve disappears, and the buffer sleeve is reset under the action of the spring, and through the linkage of the connecting device, the feeding rod moves downward and rotates. In this process, the feeding protrusion on the feeding rod rotates, causing the ore at the lower opening of the chute to loosen, thereby achieving dredging and avoiding blockage of the chute.

[0052] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "preferred embodiment", "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0053] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for vein-like thin ore veins, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preliminary preparation Set up upper and lower vein lanes, and construct along the direction parallel to the upper and lower vein lanes, and set up an outer-vein transport lane; then delineate the mining range of thin ore veins, and construct an uphill stope connection road from the outer-vein transport lane. After the height reaches the first layer bottom vein, construct the bottom vein, and reserve bottom pillars in the process; construct two chute shafts, two ventilation pedestrian shafts, a material discharge shaft, and a ventilation shaft along the vein to the first layer bottom vein, and set up filling pipes in the material discharge shaft; A ore discharge funnel is made at the lower opening of the chute, and the ore discharge funnel includes a conical body, the small diameter end of the body is fixed to the lower opening of the chute, and the large diameter end of the body faces downward; a conical fixing plate is fixed at the bottom of the body, and the large diameter end of the fixing plate has the same diameter as the large diameter end of the body; A fixed shell is fixed at the bottom of the fixed disk, and also includes a feed rod that passes through the top of the fixed shell and is threadedly connected to the fixed shell. The thread pair formed between the feed rod and the fixed shell does not meet the self-locking condition; a plurality of feed protrusions are arranged on the top periphery of the feed rod, and the feed protrusions are spirally arranged on the feed rod, and the feed protrusions are all arc-shaped; a plurality of feed ports are arranged at the fixed disk above the fixed shell, and a plurality of auxiliary outlets are arranged at the connection between the fixed disk and the fixed shell; a limit block is provided at the feed rod above the fixed shell, which can limit the feed rod and prevent the feed rod from completely sliding into the fixed shell; A buffer sleeve is arranged outside the fixed shell, the buffer sleeve is wrapped around the outside of the fixed shell, and the feed rod passes through the buffer sleeve and is slidably connected with the buffer sleeve; It also includes a driving member for driving the unloading rod and the buffer sleeve to move synchronously, the driving member includes a communicating vessel fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate; the communicating vessel includes an annular tube and a plurality of vertical tubes whose bottom ends are respectively connected to the annular tube, the vertical tubes are vertically arranged to the annular tube, and the vertical tubes are evenly arranged on the annular tube; The communicating vessel also includes a driving pipe, which is located at the center of the annular pipe, and a horizontal pipe is connected between the driving pipe and the annular pipe; the driving pipe is arranged in parallel with the vertical pipe; slide plates are vertically slidably connected in the driving pipe and the vertical pipe, push rods are fixed on the slide plates in the vertical pipe, and connecting rods are fixed on the slide plates in the driving pipe; a connecting fluid is injected between the slide plates in the communicating vessel; The push rods all penetrate the fixed shell and are vertically slidably connected with the fixed shell, and the top ends of the push rods are fixed on the inner side of the buffer sleeve; a spring is arranged between the buffer sleeve and the fixed shell; the top end of the linkage rod is rotatably connected with the bottom end of the feed rod; Step 2: Mining The stope is divided into two, and steel barrels are welded in the down-pass chute and down-pass ventilation shaft in one of the stopes, and they are extended upward together, and then the stope is filled and blocked, and the second layer is transferred to the second layer, and the vein is upslope to the second layer, and the stope is mined toward the end of the stope until the top pillar is 5m; The top and bottom pillars are mined by lateral caving followed by backfilling. A remote-controlled scraper is used to mine the top and bottom pillars. The top and bottom pillars are mined simultaneously. The upper middle section bottom pillar is blasted 5-7m ahead. After the mining is completed, backfilling is performed to complete the mining. During this process, the ore falls into the lower vein funnel through the along-the-way chute in the mining area on the other side. After the along-the-way chute and along-the-way ventilation shaft of the mining area are constructed, the second-layer reversing chamber can be constructed so that the shovel loader can turn around in the mining area.

2. A low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for vein-like thin ore veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining range of the vein delineated in step one is 70-120m in length and 40-50m in stage height.

3. A low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for vein-like thin ore veins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom column reserved in step 1 is 5m.

4. The low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for vein-shaped thin ore veins according to claim 3 is characterized by: Both chute and ventilation shaft are short-range wells with bottom column height.

5. The low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for vein-shaped thin ore veins according to claim 4 is characterized by: The material discharge well is constructed with a reverse drilling rig, which is constructed from the top downward along the vein. The diameter is 2m, a winch equipment is installed at the top, and a track is installed in the well as a stabilizing device.

6. The low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for vein-like thin ore veins according to claim 5, characterized in that: The waste rock that collapses from the reversing chamber is used as a paving stone for uphill layer transfer. The excess rock is shoveled to the other side of the mining area and used as waste rock filling. The first layer is then filled through the filling pipe of the downhole without sealing, and it is leveled with the second layer, thus achieving intra-vein layer transfer. The above steps are repeated for subsequent layer transfers, and the two high and low mining areas are changed from flat to one high and one low, and then to flat again, thus achieving layer transfer.

7. A low-cost, high-efficiency mining process for vein-like thin ore veins according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connection line between the upper vein lane and the lower vein lane is inclined.

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