Landslide displacement monitoring system and operation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a landslide displacement monitoring system and its operating method. The landslide displacement monitoring system includes: multiple sensor assemblies, each of which includes a casing, a signal transmitting device, and multiple sensors, each of which includes a housing, a rotating shaft, an upper rotating body, a lower rotating body, an upper monitoring cable, a lower monitoring cable, an upper counting device, a lower counting device, an upper zeroing device, a lower zeroing device, an upper locking device, a lower locking device, and an inclinometer; a signal collecting device, the signal collecting device wirelessly communicating with the multiple signal transmitting devices; and a power supply device, the power supply device electrically connected to the signal collecting device and the multiple sensor assemblies. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to the embodiments of the present invention has the advantages of limited limitations, wide applicability, and high accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, and in particular to a landslide displacement monitoring system and an operating method of the landslide displacement monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] my country is plagued by severe geological disasters. There are approximately 320,000 potential geological disaster sites across the country, with landslides accounting for over 50% of them.

[0003] Related technologies for monitoring landslide surface displacement include total stations, crack meters, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), and InSAR (Interferometric Radar), while methods for monitoring landslide deep displacement include fiber optic monitoring, inclinometers, etc.

[0004] Total stations require line of sight and have a short range. Crack meters cannot monitor small deformations (less than 1mm) and cannot predict the onset of geotechnical deformation. GNSS and InSAR require a clear, unobstructed view of the sky and can only measure surface displacement. They can only detect surface displacements (greater than 1-5mm) when a certain amount of displacement occurs. The real-time nature of observations is limited by the satellite revisit period, making them difficult to meet dynamic and emergency monitoring needs. Because the radar's incidence angle is fixed (ascending or descending) and the satellite's flight direction is fixed, slope observations can suffer from overlap, shadowing, and top-bottom inversion, making them difficult to meet the needs of slope monitoring. When monitoring localized deformations such as landslides, the spatial resolution and coverage of spaceborne interferometric radar systems are often difficult to achieve optimally. Fiber optic monitoring can only measure axial deformation; tangential deformation is difficult to measure and affects axial strain. Obtaining true strain requires a series of conversion processes, making many parameters difficult to accurately determine. Fiber optic strain calculations are temperature-dependent, and long-term creep tests with large temperature fluctuations can introduce errors. Inclinometers are inefficient, cause significant slope disturbance, and are difficult to measure large deformations.

[0005] In short, the landslide monitoring methods in related technologies have great limitations and poor monitoring accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a landslide displacement monitoring system, which has the advantages of small limitations, wide applicability, and high accuracy.

[0007] The present invention also provides an operating method of the landslide displacement monitoring system.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a landslide displacement monitoring system is proposed, wherein the landslide displacement monitoring system is suitable for being installed on a landslide body to be monitored, wherein the landslide body to be monitored includes bedrock and a sliding body located above the bedrock, and the landslide body to be monitored is provided with a plurality of monitoring holes extending in a vertical direction and spaced apart in a horizontal direction, wherein the monitoring holes extend into the bedrock, and the landslide displacement monitoring system comprises: a plurality of sensor assemblies, each of the sensor assemblies comprising a casing, a signal sending device and a plurality of sensors, wherein the casing extends axially along the monitoring hole, the signal sending device is installed at the upper end of the casing and is exposed from the monitoring hole, and the plurality of sensors are spaced apart in the casing along the length direction of the casing. Each of the sensors includes a box body, a rotating shaft, an upper rotating body, a lower rotating body, an upper monitoring cable, a lower monitoring cable, an upper counting device, a lower counting device, an upper zeroing device, a lower zeroing device, an upper locking device, a lower locking device and an inclinometer. The upper surface of the box body is provided with an upper through hole and the lower surface is provided with a lower through hole. The rotating shaft is arranged in the box body and is oriented in the horizontal direction. The upper rotating body and the lower rotating body are rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft and are spaced apart along the axial direction of the rotating shaft. The upper monitoring cable is spirally wound on the upper rotating body, one end of the upper monitoring cable is connected to the upper rotating body and the other end extends out of the box body through the upper through hole, the lower monitoring cable is spirally wound on the lower rotating body, and one end of the lower monitoring cable The cable is connected to the lower rotating body and the other end extends out of the box body through the lower through-hole. The upper counting device is arranged at the upper through-hole. The upper counting device is used to detect the resistance change value of the upper monitoring cable and calculate the stretching amount of the upper monitoring cable when it is pulled out of the upper through-hole according to the resistance change value of the upper monitoring cable. The lower counting device is arranged at the lower through-hole. The lower counting device is used to detect the resistance change value of the lower monitoring cable and calculate the stretching amount of the lower monitoring cable when it is pulled out of the lower through-hole according to the resistance change value of the lower monitoring cable. The upper zeroing device is connected to the part of the upper monitoring cable extending out of the upper through-hole. When the upper zeroing device contacts the upper counting device, the detection value of the upper counting device is reset to zero. a zero device connected to the portion of the lower monitoring cable extending out of the lower through-hole; when the lower zeroing device contacts the lower counting device, the detection value of the lower counting device returns to zero; the upper locking device is suitable for locking the upper monitoring cable to limit the relative movement of the upper monitoring cable and the upper counting device; the lower locking device is suitable for locking the lower monitoring cable to limit the relative movement of the lower monitoring cable and the lower counting device; the inclinometer is arranged in the box body; the lower monitoring cable of the upper sensor of the two adjacent sensors in the upper direction is connected to the upper monitoring cable of the lower sensor; the upper monitoring cable of the uppermost sensor in the sensor assembly is connected to the signal sending device;A signal collecting device, the signal collecting device wirelessly communicating with the plurality of signal transmitting devices; a power supply device, the power supply device electrically connected to the signal collecting device and the plurality of sensor components.

[0009] The landslide displacement monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of small limitations, wide applicability, high accuracy, etc.

[0010] In addition, the landslide displacement monitoring system according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper through hole is connected to an upper straightening device, and the upper straightening device has an upper guide hole connected to the upper through hole. The lower through hole is connected to a lower straightening device, and the lower straightening device has a lower guide hole connected to the lower through hole. The upper guide hole and the lower guide hole are coated with lubricating oil.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an upper buckle is provided at the upper end of the upper monitoring cable, and a lower buckle is provided at the lower end of the lower monitoring cable. The lower buckle of the lower monitoring cable of the upper sensor of the two adjacent sensors in the up and down directions is connected to the upper buckle of the upper monitoring cable of the lower sensor.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each of the sensors further comprises a backup power supply, and the backup power supply is electrically connected to the inclinometer, the upper counting device and the lower counting device respectively.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the plurality of sensors of each sensor assembly is located within the bedrock.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sensor avoids the sliding surface between the bedrock and the sliding body.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sleeve is a heat shrink tube.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper monitoring cable and the lower monitoring cable are silver cables, copper cables, aluminum cables, tungsten cables, manganese copper cables, constantan cables or stainless steel cables.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the power supply device is a solar power supply device.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, a method for operating the landslide displacement monitoring system according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Determine the position of the sliding surface between the bedrock of the landslide body to be monitored and the sliding body through the geological survey report, and drill the monitoring hole according to the monitoring environment;

[0021] Calculating and adjusting the reserved lengths of the upper monitoring cable and the lower monitoring cable extending out of the box body;

[0022] Connect adjacent upper monitoring cables and lower monitoring cables;

[0023] Sleeving the sleeve;

[0024] Debugging the sensor assembly to test whether each of the inclinometers, the upper counting device, the lower counting device, the signal sending device, and the signal collecting device can operate normally;

[0025] making the upper zero-reset device contact the corresponding upper counting device, and making the lower zero-reset device contact the corresponding lower counting device, so as to reset the detection values ​​of the upper counting device and the lower counting device to zero;

[0026] Locking the upper monitoring cable using the upper locking device, and locking the lower monitoring cable using the lower locking device;

[0027] placing the sensor assembly into the monitoring hole and landfilling the hole;

[0028] Release the lock of the upper monitoring cable by the upper locking device, and release the lock of the lower monitoring cable by the lower locking device;

[0029] Recording the initial stretching amounts obtained by the upper counting device and the lower counting device;

[0030] adjusting the signal strength of each of the signal sending devices so that the signal collecting device can collect the signal of each of the signal sending devices;

[0031] The signal sent by the signal sending device is monitored in real time by the signal collecting device, and the horizontal displacement of the sliding body at different depths is obtained by calculation based on the initial stretching amount.

[0032] The operating method of the landslide displacement monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing the landslide displacement monitoring system according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, has the advantages of small limitations, wide applicability, high accuracy, etc.

[0033] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0035] Figure 1 FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a landslide displacement monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor of a landslide displacement monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor of a landslide displacement monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor of a landslide displacement monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a landslide displacement monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 is a flow chart of an operating method of a landslide displacement monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 1: Landslide displacement monitoring system 1, sensor assembly 10, sensor 11, box body 100, rotating shaft 200, upper monitoring cable 310, upper buckle 311, lower monitoring cable 320, lower buckle 321, upper counting device 410, lower counting device 420, upper zeroing device 510, lower zeroing device 520, inclinometer 600, upper righting device 710, lower righting device 720, backup power supply 800, backup cable 810, upper rotating body 910, lower rotating body 920, casing 12, signal sending device 13, power supply device 20, power supply cable 21, signal collecting device 30, bedrock 2, sliding body 3, sliding surface 4, monitoring hole 5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0045] The following describes a landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is suitable for installation on a landslide body to be monitored, wherein the landslide body to be monitored includes a bedrock 2 and a sliding body 3 located above the bedrock 2, and the landslide body to be monitored is provided with a plurality of monitoring holes 5 extending in the vertical direction and spaced apart in the horizontal direction (the up and down directions are shown by the arrows in the figure), and the monitoring holes 5 extend into the bedrock 2.

[0047] Specifically, there is a sliding surface 4 between the bedrock 2 and the sliding body 3. Under the influence of external factors such as heavy rain (rainwater seeps into the sliding surface 4 and lubricates the sliding surface 4), slope cutting (changing the bottom support of the sliding body 3 and causing landslides), or building on the top of the slope (adding excessive gravity load to the sliding body 3), the sliding body 3 may slip and cause a landslide (such as Figure 1 (as shown in a in the figure).

[0048] The landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of sensor components 10 , a power supply device 20 and a signal collection device 30 .

[0049] Each sensor assembly 10 includes a casing 12, a signal transmitting device 13, and multiple sensors 11. The casing 12 extends axially along the monitoring hole 5. The signal transmitting device 13 is mounted at the upper end of the casing 12, exposed from the monitoring hole 5. Multiple sensors 11 are spaced apart along the length of the casing 12. The casing 12 forms a protective layer, protecting the sensors 11 from corrosion caused by soil moisture.

[0050] Each sensor 11 includes a box body 100, a rotating shaft 200, an upper rotating body 910, a lower rotating body 920, an upper monitoring cable 310, a lower monitoring cable 320, an upper counting device 410, a lower counting device 420, an upper zeroing device 510, a lower zeroing device 520, an upper locking device, a lower locking device and an inclinometer 600.

[0051] The upper surface of the box body 100 is provided with an upper through hole and the lower surface is provided with a lower through hole. The rotating shaft 200 is provided in the box body 100 and is oriented in the horizontal direction. The upper rotating body 910 and the lower rotating body 920 are rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft 200 and are spaced apart along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 200. The upper monitoring cable 310 is spirally wound on the upper rotating body 910. One end of the upper monitoring cable 310 is connected to the upper rotating body 910 and the other end extends out of the box body 100 through the upper through hole. The lower monitoring cable 320 is spirally wound on the lower rotating body 920. One end of the cable 320 is connected to the lower rotating body 920 and the other end extends out of the box body 100 through the lower through hole. The upper counting device 410 is provided at the upper through hole. The upper counting device 410 is used to detect the resistance change value of the upper monitoring cable 310 and calculate the stretching amount of the upper monitoring cable 310 pulled out of the upper through hole according to the resistance change value of the upper monitoring cable 310. The lower counting device 420 is provided at the lower through hole. The lower counting device 420 is used to detect the resistance change value of the lower monitoring cable 320 and calculate the stretching amount of the upper monitoring cable 310 pulled out of the upper through hole according to the resistance change value of the lower monitoring cable 320. The upper zeroing device 510 is connected to the portion of the upper monitoring cable 310 extending out of the upper through-hole. When the upper zeroing device 510 contacts the upper counting device 410, the detection value of the upper counting device 410 returns to zero. The lower zeroing device 520 is connected to the portion of the lower monitoring cable 320 extending out of the lower through-hole. When the lower zeroing device 520 contacts the lower counting device 420, the detection value of the lower counting device 420 returns to zero. The upper locking device is suitable for locking the upper monitoring cable 310 to limit the upper monitoring cable 310 from extending out of the upper through-hole. The lower monitoring cable 310 is connected to the upper counting device 410, and the lower locking device is suitable for locking the lower monitoring cable 320 to limit the relative movement of the lower monitoring cable 320 and the lower counting device 420. The inclinometer 600 is arranged in the box body 100. The lower monitoring cable 320 of the upper sensor 11 of the two adjacent sensors 11 in the upper direction is connected to the upper monitoring cable 310 of the lower sensor 11, and the upper monitoring cable of the uppermost sensor 11 in the sensor assembly 10 is connected to the signal sending device 13.

[0052] The inclinometer 600 can detect the tilt angle of the sensor 11 .

[0053] The signal collecting device 30 wirelessly communicates with the plurality of signal sending devices 13. The signal collecting device 30 collects the signals sent by the plurality of signal sending devices 13 so as to summarize the monitoring conditions of the plurality of sensor assemblies 10.

[0054] The power supply device 20 is electrically connected to the plurality of sensor components 10 and the signal collection device 30. The power supply device 20 is used to supply power to the plurality of sensor components 10 and the signal collection device 30.

[0055] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 5 The working process of the sensor assembly 10 of the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0056] When the sliding body 3 moves (such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown by the arrow a in the middle, the wall of the monitoring hole 5 is deformed, which in turn drives the sensor 11 to slide (as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown by arrow b), Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, in the sensor 11, the detection cables (upper monitoring cable 310 and lower monitoring cable 320) are stretched, and the stretching distance of the monitoring cables is Δl, which can be detected by the counting device (upper counting device 410 and lower counting device 420) and calculated by the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] In formula (1), Δl is the elongation of the monitoring cable, ΔR is the resistance change caused by the elongation of the monitoring cable, ρ is the resistivity of the monitoring cable, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the monitoring cable.

[0059] Before placing the sensor 11 into the monitoring hole 5, the monitoring cable needs to be stretched out a certain distance so that the monitoring cable just crosses the sliding surface 4 of the landslide body after the sensor 11 is installed. Figure 5 As shown. Then, the zeroing device (upper zeroing device 510 and lower zeroing device 520) is moved to the counting device to reset the counting device so that the resistance change value ΔR recorded by the counting device at this time is zero, that is, the length Δl of the monitoring cable stretched is zero. After the counting device is reset, the locking device (the upper locking device and the lower locking device) is started to lock the monitoring cable. After the sensor 11 is installed in the detection hole 5 and buried, the monitoring cable is unlocked by releasing the locking device, and the resistance value change of each counting device is recorded as ΔR err1 , ΔR err2 ….

[0060] Figure 5This shows how the sliding distance of the slider 3 is calculated by the sensor assembly 10 when the sliding surface 4 is displaced. When the slider 3 slides, the formula (1) can be used to obtain Figure 5 The sensor 11 in the upper middle section is stretched by a distance s1 (the resistance value changes by ΔR n1 )and Figure 5 The sensor 11 in the lower middle section is stretched by a distance s2 (the resistance value changes by ΔR n2 ). The horizontal displacement L of the sliding body 3 can be obtained by the following formulas (2) to (4).

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] In formulas (2)-(4), L is the horizontal displacement of the sliding body, L1 is the local horizontal displacement of the upper sensor 11, h1 is the total cable extension length after the upper sensor 11 is reset, s1 is the new extension length of the monitoring cable of the upper sensor 11 caused by the sliding of the sliding body 3, o1 is the cable length actively reserved before the upper sensor 11 is reset, Δl1 is the length of the monitoring cable extension caused by various factors (such as the weight of the lower sensor 11 and installation reasons), and α1 is the cable change angle measured by the inclinometer 600 in the upper sensor 11. L2 is the local horizontal displacement of the lower sensor 11, h2 is the total cable extension length after the lower sensor 11 is reset, s2 is the new extension length of the monitoring cable of the lower sensor 11 caused by the sliding of the sliding body 3, Q2 is the cable length actively reserved before the lower sensor 11 is reset, Δl2 is the length of the cable extension caused by various factors (such as the weight of the lower sensor 11 and installation reasons), and α2 is the cable change angle measured by the inclinometer 600 in the lower sensor 11.

[0064] In short, the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 utilizes the principle that a spirally wound monitoring cable will produce a change in resistance after being stretched. The counting device of the sensor 11 detects the resistance change of the monitoring cable and calculates the stretched length of the monitoring cable, thereby reflecting the displacement of a single sensor 11. The overall displacement of the sliding body 3 is obtained by combining multiple sensors 11 and measuring the inclination angle through the inclinometer 600, and by calculation.

[0065] According to the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 of the embodiment of the present invention, the deformation of the rock and soil mass is monitored by inverting the change in resistance value, and then whether the landslide has reached the imminent sliding state is judged, thereby realizing real-time early warning of the imminent sliding state of the landslide. Compared with other monitoring methods in related technologies, it has fewer limitations and wider applicability.

[0066] Furthermore, by superimposing the calculation results of multiple groups of sensors 11 and performing segmented measurement, it is helpful to reduce the cumulative error of deformation calculation within a single segment, and the deformation amount at different depths of the landslide body to be monitored can be obtained more accurately.

[0067] In addition, by combining multiple sets of sensors, accurate numerical values ​​of sliding body deformation at different depths can be achieved, thereby accurately monitoring the deep deformation of the landslide and providing a basis for landslide accident early warning.

[0068] Therefore, the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of small limitations, wide applicability, and high accuracy.

[0069] The following describes a landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0070] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, Figures 1-6 As shown, the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of sensor components 10 , a power supply device 20 and a signal collection device 30 .

[0071] Advantageously, as Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, the upper through-hole is connected to an upper straightening device 710, which has an upper guide hole communicating with the upper through-hole. The lower through-hole is connected to a lower straightening device 720, which has a lower guide hole communicating with the lower through-hole. Both the upper and lower guide holes are coated with lubricant. This allows the upper and lower straightening devices 710 and 720 to guide and straighten the monitoring cable, facilitating smoother relative movement between the monitoring cable and the counting device, and preventing the monitoring cable from becoming stuck and locking due to friction.

[0072] Specifically, if Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, an upper buckle 311 is provided at the upper end of the upper monitoring cable 310, and a lower buckle 321 is provided at the lower end of the lower monitoring cable 320. Of two adjacent sensors 11 in the vertical direction, the lower buckle 321 of the lower monitoring cable 320 of the upper sensor 11 is connected to the upper buckle 311 of the upper monitoring cable 310 of the lower sensor 11. In this way, the buckles can be used to connect two adjacent sensors 11, making it easier to connect the sensors 11.

[0073] More advantageously, if Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, each sensor 11 also includes a backup power supply 800, which is electrically connected to the inclinometer 600, the upper counting device 410, and the lower counting device 420. This allows the backup power supply 800 to power the counting device and the inclinometer 600, ensuring that the sensor 11 can still operate normally even if power is lost from the power supply device 20, thereby preventing power failure of the power supply device 20 due to displacement of the slider 3.

[0074] Specifically, the counting device and the inclinometer 600 are electrically connected to the backup power supply 800 via the backup cable 810. This makes it easier for the backup power supply 800 to power the counting device and the inclinometer 600.

[0075] Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to some examples of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, at least one of the multiple sensors 11 of each sensor assembly 10 is located in the bedrock 2. This ensures that the relative displacement between the bedrock 2 and the sliding body 3 can be monitored by the sensor assembly 10.

[0076] Advantageously, as Figure 1 As shown in the sensor assembly 10 located in the middle and right in the left-right direction, the sensor 11 avoids the sliding surface 4 between the bedrock 2 and the sliding body 3. This can prevent the sensor 11 from being located exactly on the sliding surface 4 and affecting the detection of the relative sliding between the sliding body 3 and the bedrock 2.

[0077] Specifically, the sleeve 12 is a heat shrink tube, which can be easily placed outside the sensor 11 to provide waterproof protection for the sensor 11.

[0078] Optionally, the upper monitoring cable 310 and the lower monitoring cable 320 are silver cables, copper cables, aluminum cables, tungsten cables, manganese copper cables, constantan cables, or stainless steel cables, so that the displacement change of the monitoring cables can be reflected by the change in resistance.

[0079] Specifically, at 20°C, for the above material with a diameter of 1mm, when the resistance changes by 1E-6Ω, the corresponding displacement change is shown in the following table:

[0080] Material Displacement (mm) silver 4.94 copper 4.70 aluminum 2.95 Tungsten 1.39 Manganese copper (84% copper, 12% manganese, 4% nickel) 0.18 Constantan (58.8% copper, 40% nickel, 1.2% manganese) 0.16 Stainless steel 0.11

[0081] Those skilled in the art will understand that a greater displacement change under the same resistance change indicates greater sensitivity. If sensitivity is a priority, silver can be used for the monitoring cable. If cost is a priority, stainless steel can be used for the monitoring cable.

[0082] More specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the power supply device 20 is a solar power supply device. Specifically, the power supply device 20 is electrically connected to the multiple sensor assemblies 10 via power cables 21. This not only saves energy but also avoids the problem of difficulty in connecting power to certain monitored landslide bodies, further improving the applicability of the landslide displacement monitoring system 1.

[0083] Specifically, the signal collection device 30 can transmit the collected information to a cloud server for processing and monitoring.

[0084] The monitoring hole 5 is a manually drilled hole with a diameter of 50 mm to 100 mm, and the drilled hole penetrates the sliding surface 4 and penetrates into the bedrock 2 by at least 20 cm.

[0085] The following describes an operating method of the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to the above embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0086] Determine the position of the sliding surface 4 between the bedrock 2 and the sliding body 3 of the landslide to be monitored through the geological survey report, and drill a monitoring hole 5 according to the monitoring environment;

[0087] Calculate and adjust the reserved length of the upper monitoring cable 310 and the lower monitoring cable 320 extending out of the box body 100;

[0088] Connecting adjacent upper monitoring cables 310 and lower monitoring cables 320;

[0089] Sleeve casing 12;

[0090] Debug the sensor assembly 10 and test whether each inclinometer 600, the upper counting device 410, the lower counting device 420, the signal sending device 13 and the signal collecting device 30 can work normally;

[0091] The upper zero-reset device 510 contacts the corresponding upper counting device 410 , and the lower zero-reset device 520 contacts the corresponding lower counting device 420 , so as to reset the detection values ​​of the upper counting device 410 and the lower counting device 420 to zero;

[0092] The upper monitoring cable 310 is locked by the upper locking device, and the lower monitoring cable 320 is locked by the lower locking device;

[0093] Place the sensor assembly 10 into the monitoring hole 5 and fill it;

[0094] Release the lock on the upper monitoring cable 310 by the upper locking device, and release the lock on the lower monitoring cable 320 by the lower locking device;

[0095] Recording the initial stretching amount obtained by the upper counting device 410 and the lower counting device 420;

[0096] Adjust the signal strength of each signal sending device 13 so that the signal collecting device 30 can collect the signal of each signal sending device 13;

[0097] The signal sent by the signal sending device 13 is monitored in real time by the signal collecting device 30 , and the horizontal displacement of the sliding body 3 at different depths is obtained by calculation based on the initial stretching amount.

[0098] The operating method of the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to the above embodiment of the present invention, has the advantages of small limitations, wide applicability, high accuracy, etc.

[0099] Reference below Figures 1-6 The operation method of the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0100] (1) Determine the position of the sliding surface 4 in the landslide to be monitored through the geological survey report, and drill monitoring holes 5 at the leading edge or trailing edge of the slope according to the monitoring environment.

[0101] (2) Stretch the monitoring cable of the sensor 11 to a suitable reserved length. The reserved length is based on the length of the monitoring cables of the two sensors 11 just passing through the sliding surface 4 of the geological survey results after being connected. Figure 1 The sensor assembly 10 located in the middle in the horizontal direction is the best. Figure 1 The sensor assembly 10 located on the right side in the horizontal direction can also be used, but the span distance is too far and it is easy to introduce measurement errors. Figure 1 In the sensor assembly 10 located on the left side in the horizontal direction, a certain sensor 11 is just near the sliding surface 4, which should be avoided as much as possible.

[0102] (3) The sensor 11 with a reserved length at the stretching position is connected to the monitoring cable through a buckle, and the casing 12 is put on the outside for plastic sealing.

[0103] (4) After the sensor assembly 10 is connected, it is debugged on the ground to debug whether each counting device, the calculation function of the inclinometer, the signal transmission function of the signal sending device 13 and the signal collecting device 30 can be used normally, and the power consumption of the backup power supply 800 is measured.

[0104] (5) After the ground test, use the zeroing device to reset the data of each counting device, and then activate the locking device to prevent the monitoring cable from being stretched temporarily due to various external factors.

[0105] (6) After zeroing, the sensor assembly 10 is placed into the monitoring hole 5 and buried. After the burial is completed, the locking device is released, the monitoring cable is unlocked, and the cable stretching amount Δl1, Δl2, etc. obtained by the counting device in each sensor 11 after unlocking is recorded. This elongation will be used in the calculation of the horizontal displacement of the landslide in the future.

[0106] (7) After the installation process is complete, the signal strength of each sensor 11 is adjusted on the ground to ensure that the data from the sensor 11 farthest from the ground is synchronized with the ground equipment such as the signal collection device 30, with a delay of no more than 10 seconds. At this point, the equipment installation process is completed. Afterwards, the data transmitted by the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 is monitored and calculated in real time through the monitoring platform to monitor the horizontal displacement of the sliding body 3 at different depths.

[0107] Other components and operations of the landslide displacement monitoring system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0108] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0109] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A landslide displacement monitoring system is installed on a landslide mass to be monitored, including bedrock and a sliding mass located above the bedrock. The landslide mass to be monitored is provided with a plurality of monitoring holes extending vertically and spaced horizontally, the monitoring holes extending into the bedrock. The landslide displacement monitoring system comprises: The sensor assembly comprises a plurality of sensor components, each sensor component comprises a sleeve, a signal sending device and a plurality of sensors, the sleeve extends along the axial direction of the monitoring hole, the signal sending device is installed at the upper end of the sleeve and exposes the monitoring hole, and the plurality of sensors are arranged in the sleeve at intervals along the length direction of the sleeve, each sensor comprises a box body, a rotating shaft, an upper rotating body, a lower rotating body, an upper monitoring cable, a lower monitoring cable, an upper counting device, a lower counting device, an upper zeroing device, a lower zeroing device, an upper locking device, a lower locking device and an inclinometer, the upper and lower surfaces of the box body are respectively provided with upper and lower through-holes, the rotating shaft is arranged in the box body and oriented in the horizontal direction, the upper and lower rotating bodies are rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, the upper and lower monitoring cables are respectively spirally wound on the upper and lower rotating bodies, one end of the upper and lower monitoring cables are respectively connected to the upper and lower rotating bodies and the other ends extend out of the box body through the upper and lower through-holes, the upper and lower counting devices are respectively arranged at the upper and lower through-holes, the upper counting device is used to detect the resistance change value of the upper monitoring cable and according to the upper monitoring cable The resistance change value of the cable is used to calculate the stretching amount of the upper monitoring cable when it is pulled out of the upper through-hole. The lower counting device is used to detect the resistance change value of the lower monitoring cable and calculate the stretching amount of the lower monitoring cable when it is pulled out of the lower through-hole based on the resistance change value of the lower monitoring cable. The upper zeroing device is connected to the portion of the upper monitoring cable extending out of the upper through-hole. When the upper zeroing device contacts the upper counting device, the detection value of the upper counting device is reset to zero. The lower zeroing device is connected to the portion of the lower monitoring cable extending out of the lower through-hole. When the lower zeroing device contacts the lower counting device, the detection value of the lower counting device is reset to zero. The upper locking device is suitable for locking the upper monitoring cable to limit the relative movement of the upper monitoring cable and the upper counting device. The lower locking device is suitable for locking the lower monitoring cable to limit the relative movement of the lower monitoring cable and the lower counting device. The inclinometer is arranged in the box body. The lower monitoring cable of the upper sensor of the two adjacent sensors in the upper and lower directions is connected to the upper monitoring cable of the lower sensor. The upper monitoring cable of the uppermost sensor in the sensor assembly is connected to the signal sending device. The signal collecting device wirelessly communicates with the plurality of signal sending devices respectively; The power supply device is electrically connected to the signal collecting device and the plurality of sensor components respectively.

2. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper through hole is connected to an upper straightening device, which has an upper guide hole connected to the upper through hole. The lower through hole is connected to a lower straightening device, which has a lower guide hole connected to the lower through hole. Lubricating oil is coated in the upper guide hole and the lower guide hole.

3. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper buckle is provided at the upper end of the upper monitoring cable, and a lower buckle is provided at the lower end of the lower monitoring cable. The lower buckle of the lower monitoring cable of the upper sensor of the two adjacent sensors in the up and down directions is connected to the upper buckle of the upper monitoring cable of the lower sensor.

4. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the sensors further comprises a backup power supply, which is electrically connected to the inclinometer, the upper counting device and the lower counting device respectively.

5. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the plurality of sensors of each sensor assembly is located within the bedrock.

6. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor avoids the sliding surface between the bedrock and the sliding body.

7. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve is a heat shrink tube.

8. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper monitoring cable and the lower monitoring cable are silver cables, copper cables, aluminum cables, tungsten cables, manganese copper cables, constantan cables or stainless steel cables.

9. The landslide displacement monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply device is a solar power supply device.

10. An operating method of a landslide displacement monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Determine the position of the sliding surface between the bedrock of the landslide body to be monitored and the sliding body through the geological survey report, and drill the monitoring hole according to the monitoring environment; Calculating and adjusting the reserved lengths of the upper monitoring cable and the lower monitoring cable extending out of the box body; Connect adjacent upper monitoring cables and lower monitoring cables; Sleeving the sleeve; Debugging the sensor assembly to test whether each of the inclinometers, the upper counting device, the lower counting device, the signal sending device, and the signal collecting device can operate normally; making the upper zero-reset device contact the corresponding upper counting device, and making the lower zero-reset device contact the corresponding lower counting device, so as to reset the detection values ​​of the upper counting device and the lower counting device to zero; Locking the upper monitoring cable using the upper locking device, and locking the lower monitoring cable using the lower locking device; placing the sensor assembly into the monitoring hole and landfilling the hole; Release the lock of the upper monitoring cable by the upper locking device, and release the lock of the lower monitoring cable by the lower locking device; Recording the initial stretching amounts obtained by the upper counting device and the lower counting device; adjusting the signal strength of each of the signal sending devices so that the signal collecting device can collect the signal of each of the signal sending devices; The signal sent by the signal sending device is monitored in real time by the signal collecting device, and the horizontal displacement of the sliding body at different depths is obtained by calculation based on the initial stretching amount.

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