Material dynamic mechanical properties testing device and method based on laser-driven microspheres

Abstract

The present invention provides a material dynamic mechanical property testing device and method based on laser-driven microspheres, including a laser optical path module, a microsphere emission module, a target body, a microsphere position calibration module and a speed measurement module; the laser optical path module drives the microsphere emission module to emit microspheres; the microsphere position calibration module is arranged below the microsphere emission module and is used to select microspheres; a mask is arranged between the microsphere emission module and the target body, and the microspheres can pass through the mask to hit the target body, and the mask is also used to prepare a microsphere array uniformly dispersed on the surface of the emission module; the speed measurement module is used to measure the movement speed of the microspheres in real time. The present invention helps to uniformly disperse the microspheres through the property of uniformly dispersing microspheres on the surface of the microsphere emission module, in conjunction with the microsphere position calibration module, thereby helping to ensure that a single pulse laser only induces a single microsphere to hit the target body, thereby helping to accurately obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the target body material based on independent single microsphere impact analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material dynamic mechanical property testing, and in particular to a material dynamic mechanical property testing device and method based on laser-driven microspheres. Background Art

[0002] The plastic deformation of materials shows obvious strain rate dependence. The mechanical properties of materials under dynamic impact are different from those under quasi-static loading. This dynamic impact often occurs in production conditions such as shot peening and cold spraying, as well as operating conditions such as sky debris impact, bullet impact and sand erosion. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the mechanical properties of materials under high strain rates. High strain rate mechanical property test methods on the macro scale, such as pendulum impact (GB / T 3808-1818), drop hammer impact (GB / T14152-1816) and flat plate impact test, are limited by the acceleration energy and only allow the evaluation of macroscopic materials less than 10 5 s -1 The strain rate of the mechanical properties is not suitable for testing requirements of higher strain rates under conditions such as simulating cold spraying.

[0003] Since the mass of the micro-scale impactor is small, the micro-scale impact test system is not limited by the acceleration energy and can meet the requirements of the mechanical properties of the test material with a strain rate greater than 106 s−1, and has greater practical application value. The micro-scale impact test system mainly includes the gas gun impact test system (GAS-GUN SYSTEMS, LC, Chhabildas, et al. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1995.), the laser driven flyer system (LDF, Paisley DL. APS Meeting Abstracts, 1989.) and the laser driven particle impact test system (LIPIT, Lee JH, Loya PE, Lou J, et al. Science, 2014, 346(6193): 1092-1096.). The gas gun impact test system cannot independently launch a single microsphere and cannot accurately and quantitatively test the dynamic mechanical properties of the material, while the flat impactor used in the laser driven flyer system rarely appears in actual working conditions, and the impact posture of the flat flyer is uncontrollable. Laser-driven particle impact testing technology (LIPIT) uses a pulsed laser to induce a sacrificial layer to generate plasma to directly or indirectly eject particles at high speed. It can controllably perform single microball impact tests. It also overcomes the shape limitations of the impactor of the flying sheet system and uses more common spherical particles with controllable flight posture. It can combine the microball speed with the target material impact morphology analysis to more accurately evaluate the dynamic mechanical properties of the target material. It is a more ideal method for characterizing the dynamic mechanical properties of materials.

[0004] Laser-driven particle impact testing technology (LIPIT) has high requirements for the dispersion of microspheres on the surface of its emission module because it is mainly used for impact testing of single particles. Lee JH et al. (Lee JH, Loya PE, Lou J, et al. Science, 2014, 346(6193): 1092-1096.) mixed microspheres with ethanol, dropped them on the surface of the elastic layer, and then used lens paper to contact the droplets and pull them in a single direction to disperse the microspheres. Although this wiping dispersion method can obtain a microsphere layer with a good dispersion degree, it will cause the microsphere dispersion density to be unevenly distributed in different areas, and the wiping process may cause the microspheres to embed into the elastic layer, resulting in a large energy loss when the microspheres are ejected. Veysset D et al. (Veysset D, Sun Y, Kooi SE, et al. International journal of impact engineering, 2020, 137: 103465.) inserted a pinhole three times larger than the diameter of the microsphere between the launch pad and the target of LIPIT to allow particles to pass through while preventing debris produced by ablation; although this technology has the effect of blocking ablation debris, it cannot be used to prepare dispersed microsphere arrays due to its large aperture and non-array nature.

[0005] The existing Chinese patent with publication number CN112981090A discloses a surface strengthening device based on laser-driven microparticle impact, which uses strong laser to drive microparticles to strengthen the metal surface. The laser and the high-speed camera are triggered simultaneously by a synchronizer. The laser emits a high-power density, short-pulse laser beam that converges through a focusing lens. The laser beam passes through the K9 glass layer of the launch device to ablate the aluminum film layer. The high-energy laser causes the material temperature to rise, the atomic energy increases and ionization occurs, and finally forms a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma. The plasma expands outward rapidly to drive the PDMS film to bulge quickly and use its good elasticity to drive small particles to move at high speed to impact the target. Under the high-speed impact of microparticles, a hardened layer is formed on the surface of the metal material, which effectively improves the mechanical properties and microstructure of the material. The system cannot achieve independent laser-induced single-particle emission, so it is not suitable for quantitative evaluation of the dynamic mechanical properties of the material.

[0006] The existing US patent with publication number US20170143987A1 discloses a laser-assisted drug delivery system, which uses laser ablation of the heat-conducting layer to generate high-pressure plasma to provide power for microparticles containing therapeutic agents, and uses an absorption material layer to block the direct damage of the laser to the therapeutic agent, and directs the therapeutic agent to the target organ or tissue to achieve the purpose of treatment; however, the system is mainly aimed at emitting a large number of therapeutic agent microparticles, and does not consider the emission method of a single microsphere, so it is not suitable for the field of dynamic mechanical properties testing. Domestic and foreign patents based on LIPIT technology have failed to achieve the emission of a single microsphere. The realization of single microsphere emission should optimize the optical path focusing, displacement stage setting, preparation method and microsphere calibration method based on the existing technology.

[0007] The inventor believes that the existing technology has technical problems such as the difficulty in implementing single microsphere emission testing and the imperfect preparation process of the dispersed microsphere array on the surface of the emission module. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a material dynamic mechanical properties testing system that can emit single particles and improve the preparation process of the dispersed microsphere array on the surface of the emission module. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a material dynamic mechanical properties testing device and method based on laser-driven microspheres.

[0009] According to the present invention, a material dynamic mechanical property testing device based on laser-driven microspheres includes: a laser optical path module, a microsphere emitting module, a target body, a microsphere position calibration module and a speed measurement module; the laser optical path module drives the microsphere emitting module to emit microspheres; the microsphere position calibration module is arranged below the microsphere emitting module and is used to select the microspheres; the mask is arranged between the microsphere emitting module and the target body, and the microsphere can pass through the mask and hit the target body; the speed measurement module is used to measure the movement speed of the microsphere in real time, and the speed measurement module includes a speed measurement camera, and the focal plane of the speed measurement camera corresponds to the plane where the movement trajectory of the microsphere is located.

[0010] Preferably, the laser optical path module comprises a pulse laser and a beam conversion device; the pulse laser is used to emit a pulse laser beam, and the pulse laser beam is converted into a focused laser beam by the beam conversion device.

[0011] Preferably, the microsphere emission module comprises a light-transmitting support medium, a sacrificial layer, an elastic layer and a dispersed microsphere array from top to bottom; the focused laser beam irradiates the sacrificial layer to drive the elastic layer to deform, so that the single microsphere on the surface of the elastic layer is ejected.

[0012] Preferably, the mask is provided with a microhole array whose size matches the diameter of the microspheres, and the microhole array is used to prepare the dispersed microsphere array.

[0013] Preferably, a transmitting end displacement stage is provided on one side of the microsphere transmitting module; the transmitting end displacement stage is used to adjust the position of the microsphere transmitting module and regulate the position of the focused laser beam on the surface of the sacrificial layer.

[0014] Preferably, a receiving end displacement stage is provided on one side of the target body; the receiving end displacement stage is used to adjust the impact position of the single microsphere on the target body, and regulate the distance between the microsphere emission module and the target body.

[0015] Preferably, a mask displacement stage is provided on one side of the mask; the mask displacement stage is used to adjust the position of the mask so that the micro-hole axis of the mask coincides with the pre-flight path of the micro-ball.

[0016] Preferably, the microball position calibration module comprises a calibration end CCD camera and a calibration end displacement stage, wherein the calibration end CCD camera is used to select the microballs that can be independently emitted, and the calibration end displacement stage is used to adjust the position of the calibration end CCD camera so that the calibration end CCD camera is coaxial with the focused laser beam.

[0017] Preferably, the speed measurement module further includes an industrial computer, and the industrial computer is used to calculate the movement speed of the microball.

[0018] According to a material dynamic mechanical properties testing method based on laser-driven microspheres provided by the present invention, the material dynamic mechanical properties testing device based on laser-driven microspheres is used, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step S1: preparing the sacrificial layer and the elastic layer of the microsphere emission module;

[0020] Step S2: preparing a uniformly dispersed microsphere array using the array micropores of the mask;

[0021] Step S3: the focused laser beam ablates the sacrificial layer to generate an observable ablation circular spot, and the calibration end displacement stage is used to move the center of the field of view of the calibration end CCD camera to align with the center position of the circular spot, thereby calibrating the pulse laser axis position;

[0022] Step S4: selecting the independently emitting microspheres in the field of view of the calibration end CCD camera, and moving the microspheres on the surface of the microsphere emitting module to the laser axis position calibrated by the calibration end CCD camera by regulating the emitting end displacement stage;

[0023] Step S5: the focused laser beam ablates the sacrificial layer, pushes the elastic layer to deform, and ejects a single microball. The microball flies a certain distance and then hits the target. The speed measurement module is used to measure the speed of the microball before and after the collision.

[0024] Step S6: after the microsphere hits the target, quantitatively evaluating the dynamic mechanical properties of the material according to the correlation between the impact velocity loss of the microsphere and the material impact morphology of the target;

[0025] Step S7: changing the pulse laser energy, repeating steps S4 to S6, and obtaining the dynamic mechanical properties of the target material under the impact of the microspheres at different speeds.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The present invention prepares a dispersed microsphere array on the surface of the emission module through a porous mask, which helps to ensure that each particle is independent and dispersed, thereby helping to ensure the independent emission process of a single microsphere under laser induction.

[0028] 2. The present invention utilizes the property of uniform dispersion of microspheres on the surface of the microsphere launch module in combination with a microsphere position calibration module to help achieve high-speed impact of a single microsphere on a target, thereby helping to accurately obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the target material based on independent single microsphere impact analysis.

[0029] 3. The present invention adopts a microball position calibration module to ensure that the center of the laser spot and the microball are on the same axis, which helps to ensure the consistency of the microball flight direction under multiple impact tests.

[0030] 4. The present invention decomposes the material dynamic mechanical property testing method into two steps: preparing a dispersed microsphere array and testing the impact performance of the target material, and implements them on the same system, which helps to improve the degree of system integration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a material dynamic mechanical properties testing device based on laser-driven microspheres, which is mainly embodied in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 The present invention mainly embodies the schematic diagram of preparing a dispersed microsphere array by using a mask in step S2 of the test method;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the microball position calibration module determining the laser axis position in step S3 of the test method of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of moving the microsphere to the light spot calibration point in step S4 of the test method of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of observation of microballs impacting a target material in step S5 of the test method of the present invention.

[0037] As shown in the figure:

[0038] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a material dynamic mechanical property testing device based on laser-driven microspheres provided by the present invention includes: a laser optical path module, a microsphere emission module, a target body 11, a microsphere position calibration module and a speed measurement module; the laser optical path module drives the microsphere emission module to emit the microsphere 10; the microsphere position calibration module is arranged below the microsphere emission module, and is used to select the microsphere 10; a mask 17 is arranged between the microsphere emission module and the target body 11, and the microsphere 10 can pass through the mask 17 and hit the target body 11; the speed measurement module is used to measure the movement speed of the microsphere 10 in real time, and the speed measurement module includes a speed measurement camera 15, and the focal plane of the speed measurement camera 15 corresponds to the plane where the movement trajectory of the microsphere 10 is located. The speed measurement module also includes an industrial computer 16, and the industrial computer 16 is used to calculate the movement speed of the microsphere 10.

[0042] The laser optical path module focuses the pulsed laser on the microball emission module, inducing the microball emission module to emit the microball 10. The microball 10 hits the target 11 after flying a certain distance. The mask 17 is set between the microball emission module and the target 11 to block the interference of impurities and debris emitted by the microball 10. The speed measurement module synchronously measures the speed of the microball 10 before and after hitting the target 11, and quantitatively evaluates the dynamic mechanical properties of the target 11 material. Optionally, the speed measurement camera 15 has a frame rate of 10 9 fps ultra-high-speed camera.

[0043] The laser optical path module includes a pulse laser 1 and a beam conversion device 3 ; the pulse laser 1 is used to emit a pulse laser beam 2 , and the pulse laser beam 2 is converted into a focused laser beam 4 by the beam conversion device 3 .

[0044] The microsphere emission module is composed of a light-transmitting support medium 5, a sacrificial layer 6, an elastic layer 7 and a dispersed microsphere array 8 from top to bottom; a focused laser beam 4 is irradiated on the sacrificial layer 6 to generate high-voltage plasma to drive the elastic layer 7 to deform and expand; a single microsphere 10 is ejected from the surface of the elastic layer 7 at a certain speed.

[0045] The mask 17 is provided with a micro-hole array slightly larger than the diameter of the micro-sphere 10. The function of the mask 17 is to prepare a dispersed micro-sphere array 8 on the surface of the emission module. Optionally, when the micro-sphere to be emitted is a tungsten sphere with a diameter of 10 um, the micro-holes of the porous mask are 15 um. The method for preparing the dispersed micro-sphere array 8 is as follows: the prefabricated micro-sphere emission module is placed at the position of the target 11, and a large number of micro-spheres are spread on the upper surface of the mask 17, and the dispersed micro-sphere array 8 is prepared by the sieving effect of the micro-hole array of the mask 17.

[0046] The present invention prepares the dispersed microsphere array 8 on the surface of the microsphere emission module through the mask 17, ensures that each microsphere 10 is independent and dispersed, and can ensure the independent emission process of a single microsphere 10 under laser induction.

[0047] A transmitting end displacement stage 9 is provided on one side of the microball transmitting module; the transmitting end displacement stage 9 is used to adjust the position of the microball transmitting module. The movement of the microball transmitting module is controlled by the transmitting end displacement stage 9 to adjust the position of the focused laser beam 4 on the surface of the sacrificial layer 6 of the microball transmitting module.

[0048] A receiving end displacement stage 12 is provided on one side of the target 11; the receiving end displacement stage 12 is used to adjust the position of the target 11. The movement of the target 11 is controlled by the receiving end displacement stage 12, the distance between the microsphere launch module and the target 11 is adjusted, and the impact position of the microsphere 10 on the target 11 is adjusted.

[0049] A mask shifting stage 18 is provided on one side of the mask 17; the mask shifting stage 18 is used to adjust the position of the mask 17. The position of the mask 17 is controlled by the mask shifting stage 18 so that the micro-hole axis of the mask 17 coincides with the pre-flight path of the micro-ball 10.

[0050] A microball position calibration module is installed below the mask 17 , which is used to select microballs 10 that can be independently emitted from the microball emission module and ensure that the microballs 10 to be emitted are on the central axis of the focused laser beam 4 .

[0051] The microball position calibration module includes a calibration end CCD camera 13 and a calibration end displacement stage 14; the calibration end CCD camera 13 is used to select microballs 10 that can be independently emitted; and the calibration end displacement stage 14 is used to adjust the position of the calibration end CCD camera 13. The calibration end CCD camera 13 is controlled to be coaxial with the focused laser beam 4 through the calibration end displacement stage 14, and microballs that can be independently emitted are selected in the field of view of the calibration end CCD camera 13, and the emission end displacement stage 9 is adjusted to place the microball to be emitted at the intersection of the lower surface of the elastic layer 7 and the axis of the focused laser beam 4.

[0052] The present invention adopts a combined adjustment method of the calibration end CCD camera 13 and the calibration end displacement stage 14 to ensure that the center of the laser spot and the microball 10 are in the same axial direction, thereby ensuring the consistency of the flight direction of the microball 10 under multiple impact tests.

[0053] Since the tungsten balls on the surface of the microsphere launch module are evenly dispersed and have a certain interval, a single pulse laser can induce only a single microsphere 10 to pop out and hit the target 11 at a certain speed. The correlation between the velocity loss of the microsphere 10 before and after the impact and the material impact morphology of the target 11 can ultimately accurately and quantitatively evaluate the dynamic mechanical properties of the material.

[0054] The present invention can realize high-speed impact of a single microsphere 10 on a target 11 by utilizing the uniform dispersion of the microspheres 10 on the surface of the microsphere launch module, and accurately obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the target 11 material based on independent microsphere 10 impact analysis.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] like Figure 2-5 As shown, a material dynamic mechanical property testing method based on laser-driven single microsphere provided by the present invention, based on Example 1, includes the following steps:

[0057] Step S1: preparing a sacrificial layer 6 and an elastic layer 7 of a microsphere emission module;

[0058] Step S2: using the array micropores of the mask 17 to disperse microspheres on the surface of the elastic layer 7 of the emission module, to prepare a uniformly dispersed microsphere array 8 of the microsphere emission module;

[0059] Step S3: The focused laser beam 4 generated by the laser optical path module ablates the sacrificial layer 6 of the microsphere emission module to generate an observable ablation circular spot, and the calibration end CCD camera 13 is moved by the calibration end displacement stage 14 to align the field center with the center position of the circular spot to calibrate the axis position of the pulsed laser;

[0060] Step S4: selecting independently emitting microspheres 10 in the field of view of the calibration end CCD camera 13, and moving the microspheres 10 on the surface of the microsphere emitting module to the laser axis position calibrated by the calibration end CCD camera 13 by adjusting the emitting end displacement stage 9;

[0061] Step S5: focusing the laser beam 4 to ablate the sacrificial layer 6 of the microsphere emitting module, generating plasma to push the elastic layer 7 to expand, ejecting a single microsphere 10, and the microsphere 10 flies a certain distance and then hits the target 11, and at the same time, the speed of the microsphere 10 before and after the collision is measured by the speed measurement module;

[0062] Step S6: after the microsphere 10 impacts the target 11, quantitatively evaluating the dynamic mechanical properties of the material according to the correlation between the impact velocity loss of the microsphere 10 and the material impact morphology of the target 11;

[0063] Step S7: changing the pulse laser energy, repeating steps S4 to S6, and obtaining the dynamic mechanical properties of the target 11 material under the impact of the microspheres 10 at different speeds.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the above step S2 adjusts the beam conversion device 3 so that the beam forms a larger light spot on the sacrificial layer 6, and at the same time, the upper substrate 20 with more microspheres on the surface is placed at the original microsphere emission module position, and the lower substrate 22 without microspheres is placed at the original target body 11 position. The low-energy low-focus laser beam 19 drives a large number of microspheres 21 to fly out of the upper substrate 20 at a low speed, and the microspheres are dispersed through the masking effect of the array micropores of the mask plate 17, and a uniformly dispersed single microsphere array is obtained on the surface of the lower substrate 22. The lower substrate 22 prepared in this way is used as a microsphere emission module. After the emission module is prepared, the upper substrate 20 is replaced with the prepared microsphere emission module, and the beam conversion device 3 is readjusted to restore the focused laser to a smaller light spot state.

[0065] The present invention decomposes the material dynamic mechanical property testing method into two steps: preparing the dispersed microsphere array 8 and testing the impact performance of the target 11 material, and implements them on the same system, with a high degree of system integration.

[0066] How it works

[0067] The pulsed laser beam 2 generated by the pulsed laser 1 is converted into a focused laser beam 4 through a beam conversion device 3 and vertically focused on the surface of the sacrificial layer 6 of the transmitting module, ablating the sacrificial layer 6 to generate high-voltage plasma, driving the elastic layer 7 to bulge rapidly to push a single microball 10 to be ejected at a certain speed. The movement of the microball transmitting module is controlled by the microball position calibration module and the transmitting end displacement stage 9, and the horizontal position of the light spot is calibrated. At the same time, the control of the receiving end displacement stage 12 is combined to realize the regulation of the impact position of the microball 10 on the target body 11. At the same time as a single microball 10 is ejected, the speed measuring camera 15 transmits a series of images of the movement of the microball 10 to the industrial computer 16 for real-time display and processing. By calculating the actual distance represented by the interval between the circular dark spots in the adjacent frame images and combining the camera frame rate, the instantaneous speed of the microball 10 at any time during the flight process can be determined.

[0068] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0069] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A material dynamic mechanical properties testing device based on laser-driven microspheres, characterized in that: include: Laser optical path module, microsphere emission module, target body (11), microsphere position calibration module and speed measurement module; The laser optical path module drives the microsphere emission module to emit microspheres (10); The microball position calibration module is arranged below the microball emission module and is used to select the microball (10); A mask (17) is provided between the microsphere emission module and the target (11), and the microsphere (10) can pass through the mask (17) and impact the target (11); The speed measurement module is used to measure the movement speed of the microball (10) in real time, and the speed measurement module comprises a speed measurement camera (15), wherein the focal plane of the speed measurement camera (15) corresponds to the plane where the movement trajectory of the microball (10) is located; The laser optical path module comprises a pulse laser (1) and a beam conversion device (3), wherein the pulse laser (1) is used to emit a pulse laser beam (2), and the pulse laser beam (2) is converted into a focused laser beam (4) by the beam conversion device (3); The microsphere emission module comprises, from top to bottom, a light-transmitting support medium (5), a sacrificial layer (6), an elastic layer (7), and a dispersed microsphere array (8); The focused laser beam (4) is irradiated onto the sacrificial layer (6), driving the elastic layer (7) to deform, causing the single microsphere (10) on the surface of the elastic layer (7) to pop out; The mask (17) is provided with a microhole array whose size matches the diameter of the microsphere (10), and the microhole array is used to prepare the dispersed microsphere array (8); A mask displacement stage (18) is provided on one side of the mask (17), and the mask displacement stage (18) is used to adjust the position of the mask (17) so that the micro-hole axis of the mask (17) coincides with the pre-flight path of the micro-ball (10); The microsphere position calibration module comprises a calibration end CCD camera (13) and a calibration end displacement stage (14); the calibration end CCD camera (13) is used to select the microsphere (10) that can be independently emitted; and the calibration end displacement stage (14) is used to adjust the position of the calibration end CCD camera (13) so that the calibration end CCD camera (13) is coaxial with the focused laser beam (4).

2. The material dynamic mechanical properties testing device based on laser-driven microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmitting end displacement stage (9) is provided on one side of the microsphere transmitting module, and the transmitting end displacement stage (9) is used to adjust the position of the microsphere transmitting module and regulate the position of the focused laser beam (4) on the surface of the sacrificial layer (6).

3. The material dynamic mechanical properties testing device based on laser-driven microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: A receiving end displacement platform (12) is provided on one side of the target body (11), and the receiving end displacement platform (12) is used to adjust the impact position of the single microsphere (10) on the target body (11), and to control the distance between the microsphere emission module and the target body (11).

4. The material dynamic mechanical properties testing device based on laser-driven microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: The speed measurement module further comprises an industrial computer (16), wherein the industrial computer (16) is used to calculate the movement speed of the microsphere (10).

5. A material dynamic mechanical properties testing method based on laser-driven microspheres, characterized in that: The material dynamic mechanical properties testing device based on laser-driven microspheres as claimed in any one of claim 2 comprises the following steps: Step S1: preparing the sacrificial layer (6) and the elastic layer (7) of the microsphere emission module; Step S2: using the array micropores of the mask (17) to prepare a uniformly dispersed microsphere array 8; Step S3: the focused laser beam (4) ablates the sacrificial layer (6) to generate an observable ablation circular spot, and the calibration end displacement stage (14) is used to move the center of the field of view of the calibration end CCD camera (13) to align with the center position of the circular spot, thereby calibrating the pulse laser axis position; Step S4: selecting the microsphere (10) that can be independently emitted in the field of view of the calibration end CCD camera (13), and moving the microsphere (10) on the surface of the microsphere emission module to the laser axis position calibrated by the calibration end CCD camera (13) by regulating the emission end displacement stage (9); Step S5: the focused laser beam (4) ablates the sacrificial layer (6), pushing the elastic layer (7) to deform, ejecting a single microball (10), the microball (10) flying a certain distance before hitting the target (11), and simultaneously using the speed measurement module to measure the speed of the microball (10) before and after the collision; Step S6: after the microsphere (10) impacts the target (11), quantitatively evaluating the dynamic mechanical properties of the material according to the correlation between the impact velocity loss of the microsphere (10) and the material impact morphology of the target (11); Step S7: changing the pulse laser energy, repeating steps S4 to S6, and obtaining the dynamic mechanical properties of the target (11) material under the impact of the microspheres (10) at different speeds.

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