Atomic magnetometer probe, atomic magnetometer, and magnetic field detection method

Abstract

The application discloses an atomic magnetometer probe, an atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method, wherein the atomic magnetometer probe comprises: an atomic spectrum lamp assembly for generating at least three pump lights in different directions; and at least three atomic cell assemblies, wherein each atomic cell assembly comprises, in sequence in the direction of an optical axis, a first lens, a circular polarizer, a filter, an RF coil, an atomic cell, a second lens and a photodetector; the pump lights in different directions are incident on one atomic cell assembly respectively, and the photodetector is used for measuring the pump light after the atomic cell, wherein the pump light after the atomic cell carries the information of a magnetic field to be detected. In the above manner, the application can eliminate the blind area of a traditional atomic magnetic sensor through multiple pump lights in different directions; in addition, the use of a single atomic spectrum lamp for simultaneously pumping multiple atomic cell assemblies can ensure the consistency of the output signal and reduce the crosstalk between the atomic cell assemblies.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of atomic magnetic sensor, in particular to an atomic magnetometer probe, an atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The atomic magnetometer based on atomic spectral lamp is the most widely used magnetic field strength detection device in the world at present, which has the characteristics of large range, high sensitivity, light weight, etc., and has important applications in the fields of geophysical research, mineral exploration, ocean exploration, archaeological excavation, large-scale construction, environmental protection and military defense, etc.

[0003] Generally, there are two implementation schemes for atomic magnetometers, i.e., M Z scheme and M X However, limited by its working principle, the atomic magnetometer usually has a certain range of detection blind area, i.e., when the direction of the magnetic field to be detected and the axial direction of the atomic magnetometer probe (usually the internal pump light propagation direction of the probe) are within a certain angle range, the atomic magnetometer has no output signal. For example, for the atomic magnetometer using the M Z scheme, usually when the angle between the direction of the magnetic field to be detected and the probe of the atomic magnetometer is greater than 80° and less than 100°, the atomic magnetometer using the M Z scheme has no signal output; for the atomic magnetometer using the M X scheme, usually when the angle between the direction of the magnetic field to be detected and the light propagation direction of the probe of the atomic magnetometer is less than 10°, or greater than 80° and less than 100°, or greater than 170°, the atomic magnetometer using the M X scheme has no signal output, and this angle range is called the detection blind area. This brings great inconvenience to the use of the atomic magnetometer.

[0004] There are mainly two kinds of traditional practical solutions: the first one is to place the probe in a three-dimensional rotating frame, and during the working process of the probe, the three-dimensional rotating frame is rotated to always keep the axial direction of the probe at the optimal detection angle with the external magnetic field; the second one is to use at least three sets of atomic magnetometers, and by adjusting the mutual angle between the three, at least one atomic magnetometer is kept outside the detection blind area. However, these two ways have their own shortcomings: the first way requires a non-magnetic rotating frame, which puts forward relatively strict requirements on materials and processing technology; the second way requires the use of multiple atomic magnetometers, and the overall power consumption is doubled. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides an atomic magnetometer probe, an atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field detection method to solve the problem of detection blind area of the atomic magnetometer in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides an atomic magnetometer probe, which comprises an atomic spectrum lamp assembly used for generating at least three pump lights in different directions; and at least three atomic cell assemblies, wherein each atomic cell assembly comprises, in sequence in the direction of the optical axis, a first lens, a circular polarizer, a filter, an RF coil, an atomic cell, a second lens and a photodetector; the pump lights in different directions are incident on different atomic cell assemblies respectively, and the photodetector is used for measuring the pump light after the atomic cell, wherein the pump light after the atomic cell carries the information of the magnetic field to be measured.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides an atomic magnetometer, which comprises the atomic magnetometer probe and a data processing unit, wherein the data processing unit comprises a high-frequency excitation source and a signal processing module; the high-frequency excitation source is used for generating a high-power high-frequency signal to excite the atomic spectrum lamp assembly to emit light, wherein the frequency of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1 MHz, and the power is greater than 1 W; and the signal processing module is used for sending an instruction to drive the atomic cell assembly and converting the optical signal into a magnetic field signal.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides a magnetic field detection method, which uses the atomic magnetometer to detect the magnetic field, and the magnetic field detection method comprises the following steps: the atomic spectrum lamp assembly generates at least three pump lights in different directions; the pump lights in different directions are incident on different atomic cell assemblies respectively, and the photodetector measures the pump light after the atomic cell and sends the optical signal of the pump light to the signal processing module, wherein the pump light after the atomic cell carries the information of the magnetic field to be measured; and the signal processing module processes the signal, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal, and finally outputs the information of the magnetic field to be measured.

[0009] The application provides the atomic magnetometer probe, the atomic magnetometer and the magnetic field detection method, one atomic spectrum lamp assembly can generate multiple pump lights in different directions, and each pump light pumps one atomic cell assembly. The directions of the light beams can be such that, under any magnetic field direction, at least one atomic cell assembly pumped by one light beam is not in the detection blind area, so that the detection blind area is eliminated; and the single atomic spectrum lamp is used to pump multiple atomic cell assemblies simultaneously, which can ensure the consistency of the output signal and reduce the crosstalk between the atomic cell assemblies; in addition, the atomic magnetometer has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and low power consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0011] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer of the present application;

[0012] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an atomic magnetometer probe of the present application using the M Z

[0013] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a first atomic cell assembly of the present application using the M Z

[0014] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of an atomic magnetometer probe of the present application using the M X

[0015] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a first atomic cell assembly of the present application using the M X

[0016] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a dual-inductive excitation atomic spectral lamp assembly of the present application;

[0017] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a single-inductive excitation atomic spectral lamp assembly of the present application;

[0018] Figure 8 is a flow schematic diagram of an embodiment of a magnetic field detection method of the present application;

[0019] Figure 9 is a flow schematic diagram of another embodiment of a magnetic field detection method of the present application;

[0020] Figure 10 is a flow schematic diagram of still another embodiment of a magnetic field detection method of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the atomic magnetometer probe, the atomic magnetometer and the magnetic field detection method provided by the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] The present application discloses an atomic magnetometer probe and an atomic magnetometer, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of an atomic magnetometer of the present application, the atomic magnetometer 100 can include an atomic magnetometer probe 110 and a data processing unit 120. Among them, the atomic magnetometer probe 110 is a magnetic field sensing component, the atomic magnetometer probe 110 can include an atomic spectral lamp assembly 111 and at least three atomic cell assemblies. ​​​​

[0023] The atomic spectral lamp assembly 111 can be used to generate at least three different directions of pump light. Different directions of pump light are incident on one atomic cell assembly respectively. Each atomic cell assembly sequentially includes a first lens, a circular polarizer, a filter, an RF coil, an atomic cell, a second lens and a photodetector in the direction of the optical axis. The photodetector can be used to measure the pump light after the atomic cell, wherein the pump light after the atomic cell carries the magnetic field information to be measured. Multiple different directions of atomic cell assemblies can be used to sense the magnetic field and compensate for each other's detection blind area.

[0024] Optionally, in some embodiments, the atomic magnetometer probe 110 can also include a magnetic field direction sensor 115, which can be used to detect the angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the atomic magnetometer probe 110.

[0025] The atomic cell can be an atomic saturated vapor cell, and an RF coil is wound outside the atomic cell. The first lens is used to collimate the light emitted by the atomic spectral lamp, the circular polarizer is used to generate circularly polarized light, the filter is used to filter out useless light frequencies, the atomic cell is the place where light, magnetic field and atoms interact, the second lens is used to converge light through the atomic cell, and the photodetector is used to detect the converged light.

[0026] Specifically, the atomic cell assembly can include a first atomic cell assembly 112, a second atomic cell assembly 113 and a third atomic cell assembly 114; the first atomic cell assembly 112, the second atomic cell assembly 113 and the third atomic cell assembly 114 are completely identical in structure. Each atomic cell assembly is in the direction of the optical axis. The light propagation direction of the first atomic cell assembly 112 is the first optical axis, the light propagation direction of the second atomic cell assembly 113 is the second optical axis, and the light propagation direction of the third atomic cell assembly 114 is the third optical axis. Each atomic cell assembly can generate a magnetic field measurement signal.

[0027] In this embodiment, one atomic spectral lamp assembly 111 generates multiple different directions of pump light, and each pump light pumps one atomic cell. Therefore, by arranging multiple directions of atomic cells in the magnetic field to be measured, it can be ensured that at least one atomic cell is not in the detection blind area, thereby eliminating the detection blind area of the traditional atomic magnetic sensor; using one atomic spectral lamp assembly to pump three atomic cell assemblies simultaneously ensures the consistency of the output signal and reduces the crosstalk between the atomic cell assemblies; and compared with the prior art, it also has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and low power consumption.

[0028] Specifically, the atomic spectral lamp assembly 111 can limit the emitted light to the directions of the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis through the light transmission hole or other equivalent structures and lenses in the light emission direction thereof.

[0029] The data processing unit 120 can include a high-frequency excitation source 121 and a signal processing module 122. The data processing unit 120 is responsible for driving the atomic magnetometer probe 110 and processing the signals collected from the probe to finally generate a magnetic field value signal.

[0030] The high-frequency excitation source 121 is used to generate a high-power high-frequency signal to excite the atomic spectral lamp assembly 111 to emit light, wherein the frequency of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1 MHz and the power is greater than 1 W; the signal processing module 122 can be used to issue instructions to drive the atomic cell assembly and receive the pump light signal sent by the photodetector, and convert the pump light signal into a magnetic field signal.

[0031] Optionally, the data processing unit 120 can further include a first input-output interface circuit 123, a second input-output interface circuit 124, a third input-output interface circuit 125, and a final output module 126. The first input-output interface circuit 123 is used to drive the first atomic cell assembly 112 and collect the signal of the first atomic cell assembly 112 and transmit it to the signal processing module 122; the second input-output interface circuit 124 is used to drive the second atomic cell assembly 113 and collect the signal of the second atomic cell assembly 113 and transmit it to the signal processing module 122; the third input-output interface circuit 125 is used to drive the third atomic cell assembly 114 and collect the signal of the third atomic cell assembly 114 and transmit it to the signal processing module 122. The signal processing module 122 is used for signal processing and outputting the final magnetic field value; the final output module 126 is used for outputting the final magnetic field value.

[0032] In the case where the atomic magnetometer probe 110 includes a magnetic field direction sensor 115, the data processing unit 120 can further include a fourth input-output interface circuit 127. The fourth input-output interface circuit 127 is used to drive the magnetic field direction sensor 115 and collect the signal of the magnetic field direction sensor 115 and transmit it to the signal processing module 122.

[0033] Further, there are two implementation schemes for the atomic magnetometer, i.e., the M Z scheme and the M X scheme. According to the different working modes of the atomic magnetometer, the mutual included angle of the light propagation directions of the three atomic cell assemblies is also different, and the light emission direction of the atomic spectral lamp is also different. For the atomic magnetometer adopting the M Z scheme, since the optimal magnetic field and the light beam have an included angle of 0°, the optical axes of the three atomic cell assemblies are 90° to each other. For the atomic magnetometer adopting the single-beam M X scheme, since the optimal magnetic field and the light beam have an included angle of 45° and there are two detection blind areas, the included angles of the optical axes of the three atomic cell assemblies are in the range of 45° to 55°.

[0034] Specifically, refer to Figures 2-3 , Figure 2 is a structure schematic diagram of a first atomic cell assembly when the atomic magnetometer of the present application adopts the M Z solution, Figure 3 is a structure schematic diagram of a first atomic cell assembly when the atomic magnetometer of the present application adopts the M Z solution.

[0035] When the atomic magnetometer is implemented by using the M Z solution, the angle between the first optical axis and the measured magnetic field is 0° or 180° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the first atomic cell assembly is maximum, the angle between the second optical axis and the measured magnetic field is 0° or 180° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the second atomic cell assembly is maximum, and the angle between the third optical axis and the measured magnetic field is 0° or 180° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the third atomic cell assembly is maximum.

[0036] The present embodiment can limit the light emission direction of the atomic spectral lamp assembly 111 to the direction indicated by the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis by a mechanical structure, and the angles between the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis are 90°.

[0037] Taking the structure of the first atomic cell assembly 112 as an example, it can be known that, in the direction of the first optical axis A, the first lens 1121, the circular polarizer 1122, the optical filter 1123, the atomic cell 1124, the second lens 1126 and the photoelectric detector 1127 are sequentially included. The atomic cell 1124 is externally wound with the radio frequency coil 1125, and the first optical axis A is perpendicular to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil 1125. Figure 3

[0038] Please refer to Figures 4-5 , Figure 4 is a structure schematic diagram of a first atomic cell assembly when the atomic magnetometer of the present application adopts the M X solution, Figure 5 is a structure schematic diagram of a first atomic cell assembly when the atomic magnetometer of the present application adopts the M X solution. The atomic magnetometer adopting the M X solution further includes a magnetic field direction sensor; the magnetic field direction sensor is used for measuring the direction of the measured magnetic field.

[0039] When the atomic magnetometer is implemented by using the M X solution, the angle between the first optical axis and the measured magnetic field is 45° or 135° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the first atomic cell assembly 112 is maximum, the angle between the second optical axis and the measured magnetic field is 45° or 135° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the second atomic cell assembly 113 is maximum, and the angle between the third optical axis and the measured magnetic field is 45° or 135° when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the third atomic cell assembly 114 is maximum.​

[0040] The embodiment can limit the light emission direction of the atomic spectral lamp assembly 111 to the direction indicated by the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis, and the included angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis is between 45° and 55°. Preferably, the included angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis is 50°.

[0041] Taking the structure of the first atomic cell assembly 112 as an example, combined with Figure 5 It can be seen that, in the direction of the first optical axis A', the first lens 1121', the circular polarizer 1122', the optical filter 1123', the atomic cell 1124', the second lens 1126' and the photodetector 1127' are sequentially arranged. The atomic cell 124' is externally wound with the radio frequency coil 1125', and the first optical axis A' is parallel to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil 1125'.

[0042] The atomic spectral lamp assembly is excited by a single inductor, a double inductor or a capacitor. Please refer to Figures 6-7 , Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the double inductor excited atomic spectral lamp assembly of the present application, Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the single inductor excited atomic spectral lamp assembly of the present application.

[0043] In the scheme of the double inductor excited atomic spectral lamp assembly, the atomic spectral lamp assembly 111 can include an atomic spectral lamp 1111 and two excitation inductors 1112. In the scheme of the single inductor excited atomic spectral lamp assembly, the atomic spectral lamp assembly 111' can include an atomic spectral lamp 1111' and an excitation inductor 1112'.

[0044] Optionally, M Z The atomic spectral lamp assembly of the scheme can be excited by a double inductor: the light emission direction of the atomic spectral lamp 1111 is limited to the direction indicated by the first optical axis A, the second optical axis B and the third optical axis C; M X The atomic spectral lamp assembly of the scheme can be excited by a single inductor: the light emission direction of the atomic spectral lamp 1111 is limited to the direction indicated by the first optical axis A', the second optical axis B' and the third optical axis C'.

[0045] Based on the above atomic magnetometer, the present application further proposes a magnetic field detection method, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 is a flow schematic diagram of an embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application, in the embodiment, the magnetic field detection method can include steps S110-S130, and each step is specifically as follows:

[0046] S110: The atomic spectral lamp assembly generates at least three pump lights in different directions.

[0047] S120: Different direction pump light respectively enters different atomic cell assemblies, a photodetector measures the pump light after the atomic cell, and sends the optical signal of the pump light to a signal processing module, wherein the pump light after the atomic cell carries the magnetic field information to be measured.

[0048] S130: The signal processing module performs signal processing, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal, and finally outputs the magnetic field information to be measured.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application. In this embodiment, the magnetic field detection method can include steps S210-S230, and each step is as follows:

[0050] S210: When using M Z When the atomic magnetometer is implemented by the scheme, the signal processing module generates the same driving signal to drive the radio frequency coil in the atomic cell assembly, wherein the frequency of the driving signal is the near-Larmor frequency.

[0051] S220: Under the action of the driving signal, the pump light passing through the atomic cell carries the magnetic field information to be measured, and the pump light is input to the signal processing module after being detected by the photodetector.

[0052] S230: The signal processing module adds and amplifies the obtained optical signal, and converts it into a magnetic field signal, and finally outputs the magnetic field information to be measured.

[0053] In this embodiment, M Z The scheme is used to implement the atomic magnetometer without detection blind area. The signal processing module can generate three identical driving signals, which pass through the first input-output interface circuit, the second input-output interface circuit, and the third input-output interface circuit, respectively, to drive the first atomic cell assembly, the second atomic cell assembly, and the third atomic cell assembly. The frequency of the driving signal is in the magnetic resonance curve range of the atomic cell (i.e., the near-Larmor frequency), which is controlled by the signal processing module.

[0054] Under the driving of the driving signal, the first atomic cell assembly, the second atomic cell assembly, and the third atomic cell assembly are collected by the first input-output interface circuit, the second input-output interface circuit, and the third input-output interface circuit, respectively, and are sent to the signal processing module. After calculation by the signal processing module, an operation result is obtained, which can control the frequency of the driving signal to always be the Larmor frequency.

[0055] It should be noted that the closer the frequency of the signal loaded on the radio frequency coil to the Larmor frequency, the stronger the absorption of light by the atomic cell, and at the Larmor frequency, the absorption reaches a maximum. According to this, the signal processing module calculates so that the frequency of the signal loaded on the radio frequency coil is always the Larmor frequency. And since the driving signal frequencies of the three atomic cell assemblies are the same, the three light signals collected can be added, then amplified, and finally the magnetic field information is obtained according to the light signal frequency after addition.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the magnetic field detection method of the present application. In this embodiment, the magnetic field detection method can include steps S310-S320, and each step is as follows:

[0057] S310: When using M X When the atomic magnetometer is implemented according to the scheme, the signal processing module calculates the angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of each atomic cell assembly according to the data obtained by the magnetic field direction sensor, and obtains a first result.

[0058] S320: Select the best angle that meets the preset rule from the first result, and take the magnetic field value measured by the atomic cell assembly corresponding to the best angle as the final output value.

[0059] The signal processing module collects the signal of the magnetic field direction sensor through the fourth input and output interface circuit. The angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of the first atomic cell assembly, the second atomic cell assembly and the third atomic cell assembly is calculated respectively to obtain a first result, wherein the first result includes the angle between the first optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured, the angle between the second optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured, and the angle between the third optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured. The signal processing module selects the best angle that meets the preset rule from the angle values of the calculated first result, and takes the magnetic field value measured by the atomic cell assembly corresponding to the best angle as the final output value.

[0060] Among them, according to the working principle of the M X According to the working principle of the scheme, the preset rule is that the closer the optical axis to the direction of the magnetic field to be measured, the higher the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal. Therefore, the signal processing module can select one of the angles between the optical axis and the direction of the magnetic field to be measured in the first result that is closest to 45° as the best angle.

[0061] It should be noted that the M XThe scheme has two implementations, one is called tracking type, and the other is called self-excitation type. The tracking type needs to actively load a driving signal on the radio frequency coil, and the atomic cell assembly outputs a signal of the same frequency; when the signal frequency is closer to the Larmor frequency, the output signal amplitude is larger; when the signal frequency is the Larmor frequency, the signal amplitude reaches the maximum value. According to this, through the calculation of the signal processing module, the signal loaded on the coil can always be the Larmor signal.

[0062] The self-excitation type scheme does not need to actively load a driving signal on the radio frequency coil. When the signal frequency on the radio frequency coil is the Larmor frequency, the phase difference between the output signal of the atomic cell assembly and the signal on the coil is exactly 90°. Therefore, after amplifying and phase-shifting the output signal of the atomic cell assembly, the signal applied to the radio frequency coil can form a positive feedback closed loop to form self-excitation oscillation, and the oscillation frequency is the Larmor frequency.

[0063] It should be noted that the optical axes of the three sets of atomic cell assemblies are not orthogonal, and the radio frequency coils in the three sets of atomic cell assemblies are fixed relative to the respective optical axes. Therefore, the directions of the three sets of radio frequency coils are not orthogonal due to the non-orthogonality of the optical axes of the corresponding atomic cell assemblies. The non-orthogonal coils have crosstalk due to mutual inductance. Based on this, the magnetic field angle sensor is used to measure the magnetic field angle in the embodiment, and the signal processing module selects the atomic cell assembly working in the best angle range, and the other two atomic cell assemblies do not work.

[0064] It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not limited to the present application. In addition, for the convenience of description, only part of the structure related to the present application is shown in the drawings, not all the structures. The step numbers used in the text are only for the convenience of description, and are not limited to the execution sequence of the steps. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0065] The terms "first", "second", and the like used in the present application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but can optionally include steps or units not listed, or can optionally include other steps or units inherent to the process, method, product or device.

[0066] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily mutually exclusive of one another. As will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments in accordance with the application.

[0067] The above description is merely illustrative of the application and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. Variations and modifications exist within the scope of the application as described in the attached claims and outside of the attached claims.

Claims

1. An atomic magnetometer probe, characterized in that: include: an atomic spectroscopy lamp assembly for generating at least three pump lights in different directions; At least three atomic gas cell assemblies, wherein each atomic gas cell assembly includes, in sequence along the optical axis, a first lens, a circular polarizer, a filter, a radio frequency coil, an atomic gas cell, a second lens, and a photodetector; A magnetic field direction sensor, wherein the magnetic field direction sensor is used to measure the direction of the magnetic field to be measured; Pump light from different directions is incident on an atomic gas cell component respectively, and a photodetector is used to measure the pump light after exiting the atomic gas cell, wherein the pump light after exiting the atomic gas cell carries the magnetic field information to be measured; The atomic gas chamber assembly includes a first atomic gas chamber assembly, a second atomic gas chamber assembly and a third atomic gas chamber assembly; Wherein, the light propagation direction of the first atomic gas cell assembly is the first optical axis, the light propagation direction of the second atomic gas cell assembly is the second optical axis, and the light propagation direction of the third atomic gas cell assembly is the third optical axis; When using M Z When the atomic magnetometer is implemented in the solution, the angles between the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis are 90° to each other; The first optical axis is perpendicular to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil of the first atomic gas cell assembly; The second optical axis is perpendicular to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil of the second atomic gas cell assembly; The third optical axis is perpendicular to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil of the third atomic gas cell assembly; When using M X When the atomic magnetometer is implemented in the solution, the angle between the first optical axis, the second optical axis and the third optical axis is between 45° and 55°; The first optical axis is parallel to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil of the first atomic gas cell assembly; The second optical axis is parallel to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil of the second atomic gas cell assembly; The third optical axis is parallel to the magnetic field generated by the radio frequency coil of the third atomic gas cell assembly.

2. The atomic magnetometer probe according to claim 1, characterized in that When using M Z When the scheme implements an atomic magnetometer, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the first atomic gas chamber component is maximum, the angle between the first optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0° or 180°; when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the second atomic gas chamber component is maximum, the angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0° or 180°; when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoelectric detector output signal of the third atomic gas chamber component is maximum, the angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 0° or 180°.

3. The atomic magnetometer probe according to claim 1, characterized in that When using M X When the scheme implements an atomic magnetometer, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photodetector output signal of the first atomic gas chamber component is maximum, the angle between the first optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45° or 135°; when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photodetector output signal of the second atomic gas chamber component is maximum, the angle between the second optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45° or 135°; when the signal-to-noise ratio of the photodetector output signal of the third atomic gas chamber component is maximum, the angle between the third optical axis and the magnetic field to be measured is 45° or 135°.

4. The atomic magnetometer probe according to claim 1, characterized in that The atomic spectrum lamp assembly adopts single inductance excitation, dual inductance excitation or capacitance excitation.

5. An atomic magnetometer, characterized in that include: The atomic magnetometer probe and data processing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the data processing unit comprises a high-frequency excitation source and a signal processing module; The high-frequency excitation source is used to generate a high-power high-frequency signal to excite the atomic spectrum lamp assembly to emit light, wherein the frequency of the high-power high-frequency signal is greater than 1 MHz and the power is greater than 1 W; The signal processing module is used to issue instructions to drive the atomic gas cell component and convert the optical signal into a magnetic field signal.

6. A magnetic field detection method, characterized in that: Magnetic field detection is performed using the atomic magnetometer according to claim 5, wherein the magnetic field detection method comprises: The atomic spectroscopy lamp assembly generates at least three beams of pump light in different directions; Pump light from different directions is incident on different atomic gas cell components respectively. The photodetector measures the pump light after exiting the atomic gas cell and sends the optical signal of the pump light to the signal processing module, wherein the pump light after exiting the atomic gas cell carries the magnetic field information to be measured; The signal processing module performs signal processing, converts the received optical signal into a magnetic field signal, and finally outputs the magnetic field information to be measured.

7. The magnetic field detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Using M Z Plan or M X The scheme realizes atomic magnetometer; When using M Z When the atomic magnetometer is implemented in the solution, the signal processing module generates the same drive signal to drive the radio frequency coil in the atomic gas cell assembly, wherein the frequency of the drive signal is within the magnetic resonance curve range of the atomic gas cell; Under the action of the driving signal, the pump light passing through the atomic gas chamber carries the magnetic field information to be measured, and the pump light is detected by the photodetector and then input into the signal processing module; The signal processing module adds and amplifies the obtained optical signals, converts them into magnetic field signals, and finally outputs the magnetic field information to be measured; When using M X When the atomic magnetometer is implemented in the solution, the signal processing module calculates the angle between the magnetic field to be measured and the light propagation direction of each atomic gas cell component based on the data obtained by the magnetic field direction sensor to obtain a first result; An optimal angle that meets a preset rule is selected from the first results, and a magnetic field value measured by the atomic gas cell component corresponding to the optimal angle is used as a final output value.

Images