Cationic surfactant foam stabilizing composition

Abstract

The present invention discloses a foam stabilizing composition. The composition comprises (A) a silicone cationic surfactant, wherein the silicone cationic surfactant comprises a silicone having a formula Z 1 ‑D 1 ‑N(Y) a (R) 2‑a The cationic part of Z 1 is the siloxane part, D 1 is a divalent linking group, R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, subscript a is 1 or 2, and each Y has the formula -D-NR 1 3 + , wherein D is a divalent linking group and each R 1 The composition further comprises (B) an organic cationic surfactant, the organic cationic surfactant comprising a 2 ‑D 2 ‑N(Y) b (R) 2‑b The cationic part of Z 2 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, D 2 is a covalent bond or a divalent linking group, subscript b is 1 or 2, and R, Y and subscript a are defined above. Also disclosed are aqueous film-forming foams comprising the composition and methods of use thereof.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to and all advantages of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 955,145, filed on December 30, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to foam compositions, and more particularly, to foam-stabilizing compositions, aqueous film-forming foam compositions containing the foam-stabilizing compositions, and methods of making and using the foam-stabilizing compositions.

[0004] Related technical description

[0005] Surfactants and surfactant compositions are known in the art and are used in a variety of end-use applications and environments. Specifically, surfactants and surfactant compositions are used in many industrial, commercial, home care and personal care formulations. For example, surfactants and surfactant compositions are commonly used to prepare a variety of surface treatment agents and coating compositions, such as to affect the properties of the composition itself and to provide surface effects to substrates treated with such surface treatment agents / coating compositions. For example, polyfluoroalkyl-based surfactants and compositions thereof have been widely used in industrial compositions as smoke suppressants and etching additives, in surface treatments to impart surface water resistance and oil resistance to articles (such as carpets, interiors, clothing, textiles, etc.), and in many commercial products, such as cleaning compositions, waxes, sealants and foams. In addition, polyfluoroalkyl-based surfactants have been used in many conventional aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs), which have previously been widely used in preventing, containing and / or extinguishing fires.

[0006] Unfortunately, however, polyfluoroalkyl-based surfactants have been shown to decompose or otherwise degrade under environmental conditions to produce a number of fluorochemicals, some of which are found to be environmentally persistent due to many of the desirable properties that have led to the widespread use of such compounds (e.g., high chemical resistance, broad chemical compatibility, high lipophobicity, etc.). As a result, polyfluoroalkyl-based surfactants are increasingly being phased out of production and use, resulting in many widely used surfactants and surfactant compositions becoming unusable. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present disclosure provides a foam stabilizing composition. The foam stabilizing composition comprises (A) a silicone cationic surfactant and (B) an organic cationic surfactant. The silicone cationic surfactant (A) has the general formula (I):

[0008] [Z 1-D 1 -N(Y) a (R) 2-a ] +y [X -x ] n (I)

[0009] Where Z 1 D is the siloxane part; 1 is a divalent linking group; R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; each Y has the formula -D-NR 1 3 + , wherein D is a divalent linking group and each R 1 is independently an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; subscript a is 1 or 2; 1≤y≤3; X is an anion; subscript n is 1, 2 or 3; and 1≤x≤3, provided that (x×n)=y. The organic cationic surfactant (B) has the general formula (II):

[0010] [Z 2 -D 2 -N(Y) b (R) 2-b ] +y [X -x ] n (II)

[0011] Where Z 2 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group; D 2 is a covalent bond or a divalent linking group; subscript b is 1 or 2; and each R, Y, superscript y, X, subscript n, and superscript x is independently selected and as defined above.

[0012] The present disclosure also provides methods of making the foam stabilizing compositions.

[0013] The present disclosure also provides aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) comprising the foam-stabilizing composition, and methods related to making and using the aqueous film-forming foams. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] A foam stabilizing composition ("composition") is provided. The composition can be used in foam compositions (i.e., foams), including aqueous foam compositions, expanded foam compositions, concentrated foam compositions, and / or foam concentrates, etc., which can be formulated and / or used in various end-use applications. For example, as will be understood from this disclosure, the composition can be used in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) or similar foaming compositions suitable for use in extinguishing, containing, and / or preventing fires.

[0015] The composition comprises (A) a silicone cationic surfactant and (B) an organic cationic surfactant. The silicone cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) and the additional / optional components that can be used in the composition are described in sequence below, and these components may be individually referred to as "component (A)", "component (B)", etc., and collectively referred to as "components" of the composition.

[0016] As described above, component (A) of the composition is a siloxane cationic surfactant, i.e., a complex containing a cationic organosilicon compound with charge balance with a counterion. Specifically, the siloxane cationic surfactant (A) contains a siloxane portion and one or more quaternary ammonium portions and conforms to the general formula (I):

[0017] [Z 1 -D 1 -N(Y) a (R) 2-a ] +y [X -x ] n (I)

[0018] Where Z 1 D is the siloxane part; 1 is a divalent linking group; R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; each Y has the formula -D-NR 1 3 + , wherein D is a divalent linking group and each R 1 are independently unsubstituted hydrocarbyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; subscript a is 1 or 2; 1≤y≤3; X is an anion; subscript n is 1, 2 or 3; and 1≤x≤3, provided that (x×n)=y.

[0019] Regarding formula (I), as described above, Z 1 In general, the siloxane portion Z 1 The invention comprises siloxane and is not particularly limited in other aspects. As understood in the art, siloxane comprises inorganic silicon-oxygen-silicon groups (i.e., -Si-O-Si-) wherein organic silicon and / or organic side groups are attached to the silicon atom. Thus, siloxane can be represented by the general formula ([R x i SiO (4-i) / 2 ] h ) j (R x ) 3-j Si- represents, wherein the subscript i in each part indicated by the subscript h is independently selected from 1, 2 and 3, the subscript h is at least 1, the subscript j is 1, 2 or 3, and each R xIndependently selected from hydrocarbyl groups, alkoxy and / or aryloxy groups and siloxy groups.

[0020] Applicable to R xThe hydrocarbyl groups include monovalent hydrocarbon moieties, and derivatives and modifications thereof, which may be independently substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched, cyclic or combinations thereof, and saturated or unsaturated. With respect to such hydrocarbyl groups, the term "unsubstituted" describes a hydrocarbon moiety consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, i.e., does not contain heteroatom substituents. The term "substituted" describes a hydrocarbon moiety in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by an atom or group other than hydrogen (e.g., a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an amine group, etc.) (i.e., as a side substituent or a terminal substituent), a carbon atom in the chain / main chain of the hydrocarbon is replaced by an atom other than carbon (e.g., a heteroatom, such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) (i.e., as a part of the chain / main chain), or both of these conditions are satisfied. Therefore, suitable hydrocarbyl groups may include or be hydrocarbon moieties, which have one or more substituents (i.e., attached to and / or integrated with the carbon chain / main chain) in and / or on the carbon chain / main chain, so that the hydrocarbon moiety may include or be ethers, esters, etc. Straight and branched hydrocarbyl groups may be independently saturated or unsaturated, and when unsaturated, may be conjugated or non-conjugated. Cycloalkyl groups may be independently monocyclic or polycyclic, and encompass cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, and heterocycles, which may be aromatic, saturated, and non-aromatic and / or non-conjugated, etc. Examples of combinations of straight-chain hydrocarbyl groups and cyclic hydrocarbyl groups include alkylaryl groups, aralkyl groups, etc. General examples of hydrocarbon moieties suitable for use in or as hydrocarbyl groups include alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, halogenated carbon groups, etc., and their derivatives, modifications, and combinations. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g., isopropyl and / or n-propyl), butyl (e.g., isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl and / or sec-butyl), pentyl (e.g., isopentyl, neopentyl and / or tert-pentyl), hexyl, etc. (i.e., other straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon groups, e.g., having more than 6 carbon atoms). Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, benzyl, dimethylphenyl, etc., and derivatives and modifications thereof, which may overlap with alkaryl groups (e.g., benzyl) and aralkyl groups (e.g., tolyl, dimethylphenyl, etc.). Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl, heptenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl groups, etc., and derivatives and modifications thereof. General examples of halogenated hydrocarbon groups include halogenated derivatives of the above hydrocarbon moieties, such as halogenated alkyl groups (e.g., any of the above alkyl groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms such as F or Cl), aryl groups (e.g., any of the above aryl groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms such as F or Cl), and combinations thereof.Examples of halogenated alkyl groups include fluoromethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, 4,4,4,3,3-pentafluorobutyl, 5,5,5,4,4,3,3-heptafluoropentyl, 6,6,6,5,5,4,4,3,3-nonafluorohexyl and 8,8,8,7,7-pentafluorooctyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 2,3-difluorocyclobutyl, 3,4-difluorocyclohexyl, 3,4-difluoro-5-methylcycloheptyl, chloromethyl, chloropropyl, 2-dichlorocyclopropyl, 2,3-dichlorocyclopentyl, and the like, and derivatives and modifications thereof. Examples of halogenated aryl groups include chlorobenzyl, pentafluorophenyl, fluorobenzyl groups, and the like, and derivatives and modifications thereof.

[0021] Applicable to R x The alkoxy and aryloxy groups include those having the general formula -OR xi A group in which R xi It is the above about R x One of the described hydrocarbon groups. Examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, benzyloxy, etc., and their derivatives and modifications. Examples of aryloxy groups include phenoxy, tolyloxy, pentafluorophenoxy, etc., and their derivatives and modifications.

[0022] Applicable to R x Examples of suitable siloxy groups include [M], [D], [T], and [Q] units, each of which represents a structural unit of a respective functional group present in a siloxane (such as an organosiloxane and an organopolysiloxane) as understood in the art. More specifically, [M] represents a general formula R Xii 3SiO 1 / 2 [D] represents a monofunctional unit of the general formula R xii 2SiO 2 / 2 [T] represents a bifunctional unit of the general formula R xii SiO 3 / 2 [Q] represents a trifunctional unit of the general formula SiO 4 / 2 The tetrafunctional unit is shown in the following general structure:

[0023]

[0024] In these general structural parts, each R xii is independently a monovalent or polyvalent substituent. As is known in the art, for each R xii The specific substituents of are not limited and can be monatomic or polyatomic, organic or inorganic, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, aromatic, aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, and combinations thereof. xiiare independently selected from hydrocarbyl groups, alkoxy and / or aryloxy groups, and siloxy groups. xii Can be independently of the formula -R xi A hydrocarbon group or a group of formula -OR xi An alkoxy or aryloxy group, wherein R xi A silylsiloxy group as defined above or represented by any one or combination of the above [M], [D], [T] and / or [Q] units.

[0025] Siloxane part Z 1 The siloxane moiety Z may be linear, branched, or a combination thereof, for example, based on the number and arrangement of the [M], [D], [T], and / or [Q] siloxy units present therein. When in branched form, the siloxane moiety Z 1 It may be minimally branched, or it may be multi-branched and / or dendritic.

[0026] In certain embodiments, the siloxane moiety Z 1 It is a compound having the formula -Si(R 3 )3 branched siloxane portion, wherein at least one R 3 Yes-OSi(R 4 )3 and every other R 3 Independently selected from R 2 and-OSi(R 4 )3, where each R 4 Independently selected from R 2 、-OSi(R 5 )3 and -[OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3. For R 4 Of these choices, each R 5 Independently selected from R 2 、-OSi(R 6 )3 and -[OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3, and each R 6 Independently selected from R 2 and-[OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3. In each choice, R 2 is an independently selected substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, as described above for R x Any group described, and each subscript m is individually selected such that 0≤m≤100 (ie, in each selection where applicable).

[0027] As mentioned above, each R3 Selected from R 2 and-OSi(R 4 )3, the prerequisite is that at least one R 3 With formula -OSi(R 4 )3. In certain embodiments, at least two R 3 With formula -OSi(R 4 )3. In a specific embodiment, each R 3 With formula -OSi(R 4 )3. It should be understood that the more R 3 Yes-OSi(R 4 )3, siloxane part Z 1 The higher the branching degree in . For example, when each R 3 -OSi(R 4 )3, each R 3 The bonded silicon atom is a T siloxy unit. 3 With formula -OSi(R 4 )3, each R 3 The bonded silicon atom is a [D] siloxy unit. 3 With formula -OSi(R 4 )3, and when R 4 With formula -OSi(R 5 )3, in the siloxane part Z 1 There are other siloxane bonds and side chains in 5 With formula -OSi(R 6 )3, this is also the case. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that the siloxane portion Z 1 Each subsequent R in 3+n The moieties may give rise to other branches, depending on their specific selection. 4 Can have the formula -OSi(R 5 )3, and R 5 Can have the formula -OSi(R 6 )3. Therefore, depending on the choice of each substituent, in the siloxane part Z 1 There may be other branches attributable to [T] and / or [Q] siloxy units (ie in addition to branches due to other substituents / moieties as described above).

[0028] Each R 4 Selected from R 2 、-OSi(R 5 )3 and -[OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3, where 0≤m≤100. According to R4 and R 5 The choice of siloxane part Z 1 There may be other branches in the 4 For R 2 When each -OSi(R 4 )3 parts (i.e., formula -OSi(R 4 )3 each R 3 ) is a terminal [M] siloxy unit. In other words, when each R 3 -OSi(R 4 )3, and when each R 4 For R 2 Then each R 3 Can be expressed as -OSiR 2 3 (i.e., [M] siloxy units). In such embodiments, the siloxane moiety Z 1 comprising a [T] siloxy unit bonded to a group D in formula (I), wherein the [T] siloxy unit is terminated by three [M] siloxy units. 2 2] m i 2 3 o'clock, R 4 The optional [D]siloxy units (i.e., those in each moiety represented by the subscript m) and [M]siloxy units (i.e., those in each moiety represented by the subscript m) are included. 2 3). Therefore, when each R 3 With formula -OSi(R 4 )3, and when each R 4 With the formula -[OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3, then each R 3 [Q] siloxy units. More specifically, in such embodiments, each R 3 With the formula -OSi([OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3)3, so that when each subscript m is 0, each R 3 is a [Q] siloxy unit terminated by three [M] siloxy units. Similarly, when the subscript m is greater than 0, each R 3 Included are linear moieties (ie, diorganosiloxane moieties), where the degree of polymerization depends on the subscript m.

[0029] As mentioned above, each R 4 It can also have the formula -OSi(R 5 )3. In which one or more R4 With formula -OSi(R 5 )3, depending on R 5 The choice of siloxane part Z 1 More specifically, each R 5 Selected from R 2 、-OSi(R 6 )3 and -[OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3, where each R 6 Selected from R 2 and-[OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3, and wherein each subscript m is as defined above.

[0030] Subscript m is (and includes) 0 to 100, alternatively 0 to 80, alternatively 0 to 60, alternatively 0 to 40, alternatively 0 to 20, alternatively 0 to 19, alternatively 0 to 18, alternatively 0 to 17, alternatively 0 to 16, alternatively 0 to 15, alternatively 0 to 14, alternatively 0 to 13, alternatively 0 to 12, alternatively 0 to 11, alternatively 0 to 10, alternatively 0 to 9, alternatively 0 to 8, alternatively 0 to 7, alternatively 0 to 6, alternatively 0 to 5, alternatively 0 to 4, alternatively 0 to 3, alternatively 0 to 2, alternatively 0 to 1, and alternatively 0. In certain embodiments, each subscript m is 0, such that the siloxane moiety Z 1 Contains no D-siloxy units.

[0031] Importantly, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 Each of R is independently selected. Thus, the above description of each of these substituents is not meant to imply or suggest that each substituent is the same. 4 Any description may for example refer to the siloxane moiety Z 1 Only one R in 4 or any number of R 4 , etc. In addition, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 Different choices of can produce the same structure. For example, if R 3 -OSi(R 4 )3, and if each R 4 -OSi(R5 )3, and if each R 5 For R 2 , then R 3 It can be expressed as -OSi(OSiR 2 3)3. Similarly, if R 3 Yes-OSi(R 4 )3, and if each R 4 Yes - [OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3, then when the subscript m is 0, R 3 It can be expressed as -OSi(OSiR 2 3)3. As shown, based on R 4 These specific choices produce the same R 3 To this end, the siloxane portion Z 1 Any constraint on the final structure should be considered as being satisfyable by alternatives that produce the same structure required in that constraint.

[0032] In certain embodiments, each R 2 is an independently selected alkyl group. In some such embodiments, each R 2 is an independently selected alkyl group having 1 to 10, alternatively 1 to 8, alternatively 1 to 6, alternatively 1 to 4, alternatively 1 to 3, alternatively 1 to 2 carbon atoms.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, each subscript m is 0 and each R 2 is methyl, and the siloxane portion Z 1 Having one of the following structures (i)-(iv):

[0034]

[0035] Further with respect to the cationic surfactant and formula (I), as described above, D 1 Is a divalent linking group. Divalent linking group D 1 Generally, the divalent linking group D 1 Examples of such hydrocarbon groups include the above hydrocarbon groups and divalent forms of hydrocarbon groups, such as those described above with respect to R x Therefore, it should be understood that the divalent linking group D 1 Suitable hydrocarbon groups may be substituted or unsubstituted and may be linear, branched and / or cyclic.

[0036] In some embodiments, the divalent linking group D 1In some embodiments, the divalent linking group D 1 Contains or is C1-C 18 A hydrocarbon moiety, such as a moiety having the formula -(CH2) d -a linear hydrocarbon moiety, wherein subscript d is 1 to 18. In some such embodiments, subscript d is 1 to 16, such as 1 to 12, alternatively 1 to 10, alternatively 1 to 8, alternatively 1 to 6, alternatively 2 to 6, alternatively 2 to 4. In a specific embodiment, subscript d is 3, such that the divalent linking group D 1 alkylene groups (i.e., alkylene groups). In some embodiments, the divalent linking group D is a alkylene group. 1 In other embodiments, the divalent linking group D 1 comprises or is a substituted hydrocarbon group, such as a substituted alkylene group. In such embodiments, for example, the divalent linking group D 1 Typically comprises a carbon backbone having at least 2 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom (eg, O, N, S, etc.) such that the backbone comprises an ether moiety, an amine moiety, and the like.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the divalent linking group D 1 comprises or is a hydrocarbon group substituted with an amino group (ie, a hydrocarbon containing a carbon chain / main chain substituted with nitrogen). For example, in some such embodiments, the divalent linking group D 1 Is a type-D 3 -N(R 7 )-D 3 - is a hydrocarbon substituted with an amino group, so that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) can be represented by the following formula:

[0038] [Z 1 -D 3 -N(R 7 )-D 3 -N(Y) a (R) 2-a ] +y [X -x ] n ,

[0039] Each D 3 is an independently selected divalent linking group, Z 1 As defined and described above, R7 is Y or H, and each of Y, R, subscript a, X, superscript y, superscript x, and subscript n is as defined above and described below.

[0040] As described above, each D of the hydrocarbon divalent linking group substituted by an amino group 3 are independently selected. Typically, each D 3 comprising independently selected alkylene groups, such as those described above for the divalent linking group D 1 For example, in some embodiments, each D 3 is independently selected from an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as 2 to 8, alternatively 2 to 6, alternatively 2 to 4 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, each D 3 is propylene (ie, -(CH2)3-). However, it is understood that one or two D 3 may be or contain another divalent linking group (ie, in addition to the above-mentioned alkylene group). 3 It can be substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, and various combinations thereof.

[0041] As mentioned above, the R 7 is H or a quaternary ammonium moiety Y (i.e., having the formula -D-NR 1 3 + ). For example, in a specific embodiment, R 7 H, so that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) can be represented by the following formula:

[0042] [Z 1 -D 3 -NH-D 3 -N(Y) a (R) 2-a ] +y [X -x ] n ,

[0043] Each D 3 and Z 1 As defined and described above, and each Y, R, subscript a, X, superscript y, superscript x and subscript n are as defined above and described below. In such embodiments, as will be understood from the further description below, superscript y is 1 or 2, which is controlled by subscript a. More specifically, the number of quaternary ammonium moieties Y will be controlled by subscript a to be 1 or 2, providing a total cationic charge of +1 or +2, respectively. Therefore, in such embodiments, superscript x will also be 1 or 2, so that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) will be charge balanced.

[0044] In certain embodiments, the R 7 is a quaternary ammonium moiety Y, so that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) can be represented by the following formula:

[0045] [Z 1 -D 3 -NY-D 3 -N(Y) a (R) 2-a ] +y [X -x ] n ,

[0046] Each D 3 and Z 1 As defined and described above, and each Y, R, subscript a, X, superscript y, superscript x, and subscript n are as defined above and described below. In such embodiments, y=a+1, such that superscript y is 2 or 3. More specifically, the number of quaternary ammonium moieties will include R 7 The Y of and 1 or 2 quaternary ammonium moieties Y controlled by the subscript a provide a total cationic charge of +2 or +3, respectively. Thus, in such embodiments, the superscript x will be 1, 2, or 3, such that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) will be charge balanced.

[0047] In some embodiments, R 7 is Y and the siloxane moiety Z 1 is the branched siloxane portion described above, so that the siloxane cationic surfactant (A) can be represented by the following formula:

[0048] [(R 3 )3Si-D 3 -N(-D-NR 1 3 + )-D 3 -N(-D-NR 1 3 + ) a (R) 2-a ] +y [X -x ] n ,

[0049] Each D 3 and R 3 As defined and described above, and each D, R, R 1 , subscript a, X, superscript y, superscript x, and subscript n are as defined above and described below.

[0050] The subscript a is 1 or 2. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the subscript a indicates that the subscript a is a compound of the formula -N(Y) a (R) 2-aThe amino group of the quaternary ammonium-substituted silicone cationic surfactant (A) represented by the formula (-D-NR 1 3 + ) groups). Similarly, for each such quaternary ammonium group Y, the subscript a also indicates the number of counter anions required to balance the cationic charge from the quaternary ammonium group Y indicated by the portion a (i.e., the number of anions X as described below). For example, in some embodiments, the subscript a is 1, and the silicone cationic surfactant (A) has the following formula:

[0051] [Z 1 -D 1 -N(R)-D-NR 1 3] +y [X -x ] n ,

[0052] Where Z 1 and D 1 As defined and described above, and each D, R, R 1 , X, superscript y, superscript x, and subscript n are as defined above and described below.

[0053] It is to be understood that, although subscript a is 1 or 2 in each cationic molecule of the silicone cationic surfactant (A), the silicone cationic surfactant (A) may comprise a mixture of cationic molecules corresponding to formula (I) but different from each other (e.g. with respect to subscript a). Thus, although subscript a is 1 or 2, a mixture comprising silicone cationic surfactant (A) may have an average value of a of 1 to 2, such as an average value of 1.5 (e.g. from a 50:50 mixture of cationic molecules of silicone cationic surfactant (A) where a=1 and molecules of silicone cationic surfactant (A) where a=2.

[0054] When present (e.g., when subscript a is 1), each R independently represents H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R is H. In other embodiments, R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 3, alternatively 1 to 2 carbon atoms. For example, R can be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group (e.g., a n-propyl group or an isopropyl group) or a butyl group (e.g., a n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a tert-butyl group). In certain embodiments, each R is a methyl group.

[0055] Each R 1 represents an independently selected unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. For example, in certain embodiments, each R 1is independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 3, alternatively 1 to 2 carbon atoms. In such embodiments, each R 1 Typically selected from methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups (e.g., n-propyl and isopropyl groups) and butyl groups (e.g., n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl groups). Although independently selected, in certain embodiments, each R 1 With each other R in the cationic surfactant 1 For example, in certain embodiments, each R 1 is methyl or ethyl. In a specific embodiment, each R 1 It is methyl.

[0056] Each D represents an independently selected divalent linking group ("linking group D"). Typically, the linking group D is selected from substituted and unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon groups. Examples of such hydrocarbon groups include the above hydrocarbon groups and divalent forms of hydrocarbon groups, such as those described above with respect to R x , D 1 and D 3 Thus, it will be appreciated that suitable hydrocarbon groups for or as linking group D may be linear or branched, and may be the same as or different from any other divalent linking group.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the linking group D comprises an alkylene group, such as described above with respect to the divalent linking group D 1 In some embodiments, the linking group D comprises an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 6, alternatively 2 to 6, alternatively 2 to 4 carbon atoms. In some such embodiments, the alkylene group of the linking group D is unsubstituted. Examples of such alkylene groups include methylene groups, ethylene groups, propylene groups, butylene groups, etc.

[0058] In certain embodiments, the linking group D comprises or is a substituted hydrocarbon group, such as a substituted alkylene group. In such embodiments, for example, the linking group D typically comprises a carbon backbone having at least 2 carbon atoms, and at least one heteroatom (e.g., O) in the backbone or bonded to one of its carbon atoms (e.g., as a pendant substituent). For example, in some embodiments, the linking group D comprises a carbon backbone having the formula -D'-CH(-(CH2) e-OH)-D'-substituted hydrocarbons with hydroxyl groups, wherein each D' is independently a covalent bond or a divalent linking group, and the subscript e is 0 or 1. In such embodiments, at least one D' typically comprises an independently selected alkylene group, such as any of those alkylene groups described above. For example, in some embodiments, each D' is independently selected from an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 6, alternatively 1 to 4, alternatively 1 to 2 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, each D' is a methylene group (i.e., -CH2-). However, it should be understood that one or two D' may be or include another divalent linking group (i.e., in addition to the alkylene group described above).

[0059] In some embodiments, each linking group D is an independently selected hydroxypropylene group (i.e., wherein each D′ is independently selected from a covalent bond and a methylene group, provided that when the subscript e is 1, at least one D′ is a covalent bond, and when the subscript e is 0, each D′ is a methylene group). Thus, in some such embodiments, each linking group D independently has one of the following formulae:

[0060]

[0061] In some embodiments, the siloxane moiety Z 1 is a branched siloxane moiety, and the divalent linking group D is a hydrocarbon substituted by an amino group, wherein each D 3 is propylene and R 7 is H, subscript a is 1, R is H, each linking group D is a (2-hydroxy)propylene group, each R 1 is methyl, and X is a monovalent anion, so that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) has the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Each R 3 As defined and described above, and X is as defined above and described below. In other embodiments, the siloxane cationic surfactant (A) is configured in the same manner as described immediately above, but wherein the subscript a=2, such that the siloxane cationic surfactant (A) has the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] Each R 3 As defined and described above, and each X is as defined above and described below. In other embodiments, the silicone cationic surfactant (A) is configured in the same manner as described immediately above, but wherein R 7is a quaternary ammonium moiety Y, such that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) has the formula:

[0066]

[0067] Each R 3 As defined and described above, and each X is as defined above and described below. In other embodiments, the siloxane cationic surfactant (A) is configured in the same manner as described immediately above, but wherein subscript a=1 and R is H, such that the siloxane cationic surfactant (A) has the formula:

[0068]

[0069] Each R 3 As defined and described above, and each X is as defined above and described below.

[0070] Each X is an anion having a charge represented by a superscript x. Thus, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, X is not specifically limited and can be any anion suitable for ion pairing / charge balancing of one or more cationic quaternary ammonium moieties Y. Thus, each X can be an independently selected monovalent anion or polyanion (e.g., a divalent anion, etc.) such that one X is sufficient to counterbalance two or more cationic quaternary ammonium moieties Y. Thus, the number of anions X (i.e., subscript n) will be easily selected based on the number of cationic quaternary ammonium moieties Y and the charge (i.e., superscript x) of the selected X.

[0071] The example of suitable anion includes organic anion, inorganic anion and their combination.Usually, each anion X is independently selected from the monovalent anion that does not react with other parts of the cationic surfactant.The example of such anion includes the conjugate base of medium strength acid and strong acid, such as halide (such as chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride), sulfate (such as alkyl sulfate, etc.), sulfonate (such as trifluoromethanesulfonate, benzylsulfonate or other arylsulfonate, etc.), and their derivatives, modifiers and combinations.Other anions can also be utilized, such as phosphate, nitrate, organic anion, such as carboxylate (such as acetate), and their derivatives, modifiers and combinations.It should be understood that the derivative of such anion includes the polyanionic compound comprising two or more functional groups mentioned about the above examples.For example, the above anion covers the monoion and / or polyanion (such as citric acid, etc.) of polycarboxylate. Other examples of the anion include a toluenesulfonate anion, a bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion, a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion, a hexafluorophosphate anion, a tetrafluoroborate anion, and the like, and derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof.

[0072] In certain embodiments, each anion X is an inorganic anion having one to three valences. Examples of such anions include monovalent anions such as chloride, bromine, iodine, arylsulfonate, nitrate, nitrite, and borate anions having 6 to 18 carbon atoms; divalent anions such as sulfate and sulfite; and trivalent anions such as phosphate. In certain embodiments, each X is a halogen anion. In some such embodiments, each X is a chloride ion (i.e., Cl - ).

[0073] The siloxane cationic surfactant (A) may comprise a combination or two or more different siloxane cationic surfactants represented by the general formula (I) above, wherein the combination or the two or more different siloxane cationic surfactants differ in at least one property, such as structure, molecular weight, degree of branching, silicon and / or carbon content, number of cationic quaternary ammonium groups Y (for example, when the subscript a represents an average value).

[0074] Depending on the form of the composition to be prepared, its intended use, other components present therein, etc., the silicone cationic surfactant (A) can be used in any amount in the composition. For example, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that when the composition is formulated as a concentrate, the silicone cationic surfactant (A) will be present in a higher relative amount than in a non-concentrated form (e.g., an aqueous film-forming foam composition). Therefore, the silicone cationic surfactant (A) can be present in any amount in the composition, such as in an amount of 0.001% to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the composition (i.e., weight / weight). Typically, the composition contains an amount of silicone cationic surfactant (A) sufficient to provide a final use composition having 0.01% to 1% by weight of silicone cationic surfactant (A) based on the total weight of the final use composition (i.e., any fully formulated composition including a ready-to-use foam stabilizing composition) (i.e., the active amount of ingredient (A) is 0.01% to 1% by weight). For example, in certain embodiments, component (A) is used in an active amount of 0.05 wt % to 1 wt %, such as 0.1 wt % to 0.9 wt %, alternatively 0.1 wt % to 0.7 wt %, alternatively 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt %, alternatively 0.1 wt % to 0.4 wt %, alternatively 0.15 wt % to 0.4 wt %, alternatively 0.2 wt % to 0.4 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition or an end-use composition comprising the composition.

[0075] As described above, component (B) of the composition is an organic cationic surfactant, i.e., a complex containing a cationic organic quaternary ammonium compound with charge balance with a counterion. Specifically, the organic cationic surfactant (B) contains a hydrocarbon portion and one or more quaternary ammonium portions and conforms to the general formula (II):

[0076] [Z 2 -D 2 -N(Y) b (R) 2-b ] +y [X -x ] n (II)

[0077] Where Z 2 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group; D 2 is a covalent bond or a divalent linking group; subscript b is 1 or 2; and each R, Y, superscript y, X, subscript n, and superscript x is independently selected and as defined above.

[0078] With respect to the organic cationic surfactant (B) and formula (II), each R, Y, superscript y, X, subscript n, and superscript x are independently selected and as defined above with respect to the silicone cationic surfactant (A). Thus, while specific selections of these variables in formula (II) representing the organic cationic surfactant (B) are exemplified below, it should be understood that such selections are not limiting, but are all descriptions of R, Y, superscript y, X, subscript n, and superscript x and their variables (e.g., the divalent linking group D of the quaternary ammonium portion Y, the group D', and the subscript e of the divalent linking group D, etc.).

[0079] Z 2 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, and is not particularly limited in other aspects. Examples of suitable such hydrocarbon moieties include the above-mentioned x Thus, it is understood that the hydrocarbon moiety Z 2 Can contain or can be straight chain, branched chain, cyclic or a combination thereof. 2 Aliphatic unsaturation may be present, including olefinic and / or acetylenic unsaturation (ie, CC double and / or triple bonds, also known as olefins and alkynes, respectively). 2 It may contain only one such unsaturated group, or may contain more than one unsaturated group, which may be non-conjugated or conjugated (for example, when the hydrocarbon moiety Z is 2 When the hydrocarbon moiety Z comprises a diene, an ene-yne, a diyne, etc.) and / or an aromatic 2 When containing a phenyl group, a benzyl group, etc.).

[0080] In some embodiments, the alkyl moiety Z 2 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl moiety having 5 to 20 carbon atoms. In certain such embodiments, the hydrocarbyl moiety Z 2Contains or is an alkyl group. Suitable alkyl groups include saturated alkyl groups, which may be linear, branched, cyclic (e.g., monocyclic or polycyclic), or combinations thereof. Examples of such alkyl groups include those having the general formula C f H 2f-2g+1 wherein subscript f is 5 to 20 (i.e., the number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group), subscript g is the number of independent rings / cyclic circles, and at least one carbon atom designated by subscript f is bonded to the group D in the general formula (II) above 2 Examples of straight chain and branched chain isomers of such alkyl groups (ie, where the alkyl group does not contain a cyclic group such that subscript f=0) include those having the general formula C f H 2f-1 Those of, wherein subscript f is as defined above and at least one carbon atom designated by subscript f is bonded to the group D in the above general formula (II) 2 Examples of monocyclic alkyl groups include those having the general formula C f H 2f-1 Those of, wherein subscript f is as defined above, and at least one carbon atom designated by subscript f is bonded to the group D in the above general formula (II) 2 .

[0081] Specific examples of such alkyl groups include pentyl groups, hexyl groups, heptyl groups, octyl groups, nonyl groups, decyl groups, undecyl groups, dodecyl groups, tridecyl groups, tetradecyl groups, pentadecyl groups, hexadecyl groups, heptadecyl groups, octadecyl groups, nonadecyl groups and eicosyl groups, including their straight chain, branched and / or cyclic isomers. For example, the pentyl group encompasses n-pentyl (i.e., linear isomers) and cyclopentyl (i.e., cyclic isomers), as well as branched isomers such as isopentyl (i.e., 3-methylbutyl), neopentyl (i.e., 2,2-dimethylpropyl), tert-pentyl (i.e., 2-methylbutan-2-yl), secondary pentyl (i.e., pent-2-yl), secondary isopentyl (i.e., 3-methylbutan-2-yl), etc.), 3-pentyl (i.e., pent-3-yl) and active pentyl (i.e., 2-methylbutyl).

[0082] In certain embodiments, the alkyl moiety Z 2 Containing or of the formula -(CH2) f-1 An unsubstituted straight chain alkyl group of CH3, wherein the subscript f is 5 to 20, as described above. In some such embodiments, the hydrocarbon moiety Z 2 is an unsubstituted straight chain alkyl group wherein the subscript f is 7 to 19, such that the hydrocarbon moiety Z 2 is an unsubstituted straight chain alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. In certain such embodiments, subscript b is 7, 9, 11 or 13, such that the alkyl moiety Z 2are unsubstituted straight-chain alkyl groups having 6, 8, 10 or 12 carbon atoms, respectively.

[0083] Subscript b is 1 or 2. According to the description related to subscript a of the silicone cationic surfactant (A), those skilled in the art will understand that subscript b represents a compound represented by the formula -N(Y) b (R) 2-b Whether the amino portion of the organic cationic surfactant (B) substituted with quaternary ammonium has a quaternary ammonium group Y (i.e., the sub-formula (-D-NR 1 3 + ) group). Likewise, for each such quaternary ammonium group Y, the subscript b also indicates the number of counter anions required to balance the cationic charge of the quaternary ammonium group Y indicated by the moiety b (i.e., the number of anions X as described below).

[0084] It should be understood that, although the subscript b in each cationic molecule of the organic cationic surfactant (B) is 1 or 2, the organic cationic surfactant (B) may include a mixture of cationic molecules corresponding to formula (II) but different from each other (e.g., with respect to subscript b). Therefore, although the subscript b is 1 or 2, the mixture comprising the organic cationic surfactant (B) may have an average value of b of 1 to 2, such as an average value of 1.5 (e.g., a 50:50 mixture of cationic molecules of an organic cationic surfactant (B) where b=1 and molecules of an organic cationic surfactant (B) where b=2).

[0085] Further with respect to the organic cationic surfactant (B) and formula (II), as described above, D 2 Represents a covalent bond or a divalent linking group. For clarity and ease of reference, with respect to the following specific embodiments, D 2 It can be more specifically called a "covalent bond 2 " or "divalent linking group D 2 ”, for example, when D 2 When it is a covalent bond or a divalent linking group, respectively. Both options are described and illustrated in certain embodiments below.

[0086] In certain embodiments, D 2 is a covalent bond (i.e., the organic cationic surfactant (B) contains a covalent bond D 2 ), such that the hydrocarbon portion Z 2 Directly bonded to the amino N atom. In these embodiments, the organic cationic surfactant (B) can be represented by the formula:

[0087] [Z 2 -N(Y) b (R) 2-b ] +y [X-x ] n ,

[0088] Each Z 2 , Y, R, X, subscript b, superscript y, superscript x, and subscript n are as defined and described above. In some such embodiments, the alkyl moiety Z 2 is an alkyl group directly bonded to the amino N atom of the organic cationic surfactant (B), so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the following formula:

[0089] [(C f H 2f+1 )-N(Y) b (R) 2-b ] +y [X -x ] n ,

[0090] wherein subscript b, subscript f, Y, R, X, superscript y, superscript x, and subscript n are as defined and described above. In some such embodiments, subscript f is 6 to 18, such as 6 to 14, alternatively 6 to 12.

[0091] In certain embodiments, D 2 is a divalent linking group bond (i.e., the organic cationic surfactant (B) comprises a divalent linking group D 2 ). Divalent connecting group D 1 is not particularly limited, and is generally selected from the group consisting of 1 Thus, the divalent linking group D 2 Typically selected from divalent hydrocarbon groups. Examples of such hydrocarbon groups include the above hydrocarbon groups and divalent forms of hydrocarbon groups, such as those described above with respect to R x Therefore, it should be understood that the divalent linking group D 2 Suitable hydrocarbon groups may be substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched and / or cyclic, and may be the same as or different from any other linking groups in the organic cationic surfactant (B) and / or the silicone cationic surfactant (A).

[0092] In some embodiments, the divalent linking group D 2 In some embodiments, the divalent linking group D 2 Contains or is C1-C 18 Hydrocarbon moieties, such as those described above with respect to D 1 Defined as having the formula -(CH2) d-a linear hydrocarbon moiety (i.e., wherein subscript d is 1 to 18). In some such embodiments, subscript d is 1 to 16, such as 1 to 12, alternatively 1 to 10, alternatively 1 to 8, alternatively 1 to 6, alternatively 2 to 6, alternatively 2 to 4. In a specific embodiment, subscript d is 3, such that the divalent linking group D 2 It is also understood that the following applies to D 2 Each alkyl and / or alkylene group of may independently be unsubstituted and unbranched, or substituted and / or branched. In certain embodiments, the divalent linking group D 2 In other embodiments, the divalent linking group D 2 comprises or is a substituted hydrocarbon group, such as a substituted alkylene group. In such embodiments, for example, the divalent linking group D 2 Typically comprises a carbon backbone having at least 2 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom (eg, O, N, S, etc.) such that the backbone comprises an ether moiety, an amine moiety, and the like.

[0093] In a specific embodiment, the divalent linking group D 2 comprises or is a hydrocarbon group substituted with an amino group (ie, a hydrocarbon containing a carbon chain / main chain substituted with nitrogen). For example, in some such embodiments, the divalent linking group D 2 Is a type-D 4 -N(R 8 )-D 4 - is a hydrocarbon substituted by an amino group, so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) can be represented by the following formula:

[0094] [Z 2 -D 4 -N(R 8 )-D 4 -N(Y) b (R) 2-b ] +y [X -x ] n ,

[0095] Each D 4 is an independently selected divalent linking group, R 8 is Y or H, and each Z 2 , Y, R, subscript b, X, superscript y, superscript x, and subscript n are as defined and described above.

[0096] As described above, each D of the hydrocarbon divalent linking group substituted by an amino group 4 are independently selected. Typically, each D 4comprising independently selected alkylene groups, such as the divalent linking group D described above for the silicone cationic surfactant (A) 3 For example, in some embodiments, each D 4 is independently selected from an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as 2 to 8, alternatively 2 to 6, alternatively 2 to 4 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, each D 4 is propylene (ie, -(CH2)3-). However, it is understood that one or two D 4 may be or contain another divalent linking group (ie, in addition to the above-mentioned alkylene group). 4 It can be substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, and various combinations thereof.

[0097] As also described above, the R 8 is H or a quaternary ammonium moiety Y (i.e., having the formula -D-NR 1 3 + , as described above). For example, in a specific embodiment, R 8 is H, so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) can be represented by the following formula:

[0098] [Z 2 -D 4 -NH-D 4 -N(Y) b (R) 2-b ] +y [X -x ] n ,

[0099] Each Z 2 , D 4 , Y, R, subscript b, X, superscript y, superscript x and subscript n are as defined and described above. In such embodiments, as will be understood from the further description below, superscript y is 1 or 2, which is controlled by subscript b. More specifically, the number of quaternary ammonium moieties Y will be controlled by subscript b to be 1 or 2, providing a total cationic charge of +1 or +2, respectively. Therefore, in such embodiments, superscript x will also be 1 or 2, so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) will be charge balanced.

[0100] In certain embodiments, R 8 is Y, so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) can be represented by the following formula:

[0101] [Z 2 -D 4 -NY-D 4 -N(Y) b (R) 2-b ]+y [X -x ] n ,

[0102] Each Z 2 , D 4 , Y, R, subscript b, X, superscript y, superscript x, and subscript n are as defined and described above. In such embodiments, y=b+1, such that superscript y is 2 or 3. More specifically, the number of quaternary ammonium moieties will include R 8 Y and 1 or 2 quaternary ammonium moieties Y controlled by subscript b, provide a total cationic charge of +2 or +3, respectively. Therefore, in such embodiments, the superscript x will be 1, 2 or 3, so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) will be charge balanced. For example, in some such embodiments, the subscript b is 1 and X is a monovalent anion, so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the following formula:

[0103]

[0104] Each Z 2 , D 4 , R, R 1 and X are as defined and described above. In other such embodiments, the organic cationic surfactant (B) is configured in the same manner as described immediately above, but wherein b=2, such that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the formula:

[0105]

[0106] Each Z 2 , D 4 , R, R 1 and X are as defined and described above.

[0107] In certain embodiments, D 2 is a covalent bond, Z 2 is a straight chain alkyl group, subscript b is 1, R is H, each linking group D is a (2-hydroxy)propylene group, each R 1 is a methyl group, and X is a monovalent anion, so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] wherein subscript f is 5 to 17 (e.g., 5 to 11, alternatively 5 to 9), and X is as defined and described above. In other embodiments, the organic cationic surfactant (B) is configured in the same manner as described immediately above, but wherein subscript b=2, such that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the formula:

[0110]

[0111] wherein each X is as defined above and described below.

[0112] In certain embodiments, Z 2 is a straight chain alkyl group having 3 to 13 carbon atoms, D 2 is a divalent linking group and the divalent linking group D 2 is an amino-substituted hydrocarbon, where each D 4 is propylene and R 8 is H, subscript b is 1, R is H, each linking group D is a (2-hydroxy)propylene group, and each R 1 is a methyl group, and X is a monovalent anion, so that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] wherein subscripts f and X are as defined and described above. In other embodiments, the organic cationic surfactant (B) is configured in the same manner as described immediately above, but wherein subscript b=2, such that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the formula:

[0115]

[0116] wherein subscript f and each X are as defined and described above. In other embodiments, the organic cationic surfactant (B) is configured in the same manner as described immediately above, but wherein R 8 is a quaternary ammonium moiety Y, such that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the following formula:

[0117]

[0118] wherein subscript f and each X are as defined and described above. In other embodiments, the organic cationic surfactant (B) is configured in the same manner as described immediately above, but wherein subscript b=1 and R is H, such that the organic cationic surfactant (B) has the formula:

[0119]

[0120] wherein subscript f and each X are as defined and described above.

[0121] In certain embodiments, each anion X of the organic cationic surfactant (B) is an inorganic anion with 1 to 3 valences. Examples of such anions include monovalent anions such as chloride, bromine, iodine, arylsulfonate, nitrate, nitrite and borate anions having 6 to 18 carbon atoms; divalent anions such as sulfate and sulfite; and trivalent anions such as phosphate. In certain embodiments, each X is a halogen anion. In some such embodiments, each X is a chloride ion (i.e., Cl - ).

[0122] The organic cationic surfactant (B) may comprise a combination or two or more different siloxane cationic surfactants represented by the above general formula (II), wherein the combination or the two or more different cationic surfactants differ in at least one property, such as structure, molecular weight, degree of branching, silicon and / or carbon content, the number of cationic quaternary ammonium groups Y (for example, when the subscript b represents an average value), etc.

[0123] Depending on the form of the composition to be prepared, its intended use, other components present therein, etc., the organic cationic surfactant (B) can be used in any amount in the composition. For example, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that when the composition is formulated as a concentrate, the organic cationic surfactant (B) will be present in a higher relative amount than in a non-concentrated form (e.g., an aqueous film-forming foam composition). Therefore, the organic cationic surfactant (B) can be present in any amount in the composition, such as in an amount of 0.001% to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the composition (i.e., weight / weight). Typically, the composition contains an amount of organic cationic surfactant (B) sufficient to provide an end-use composition having 0.01% to 1% by weight of the organic cationic surfactant (B) based on the total weight of the end-use composition (i.e., any fully formulated composition including a ready-to-use foam stabilizing composition) (i.e., the active amount of the organic cationic surfactant (B) is 0.01% to 1% by weight). For example, in certain embodiments, component (B) is used in an active amount of 0.05 wt % to 1 wt %, such as 0.1 wt % to 1 wt %, alternatively 0.1 wt % to 0.9 wt %, alternatively 0.1 wt % to 0.7 wt %, alternatively 0.2 wt % to 0.7 wt %, alternatively 0.2 wt % to 0.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the final use composition in which the composition is included.

[0124] It should be understood that each of the silicone cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) is independently selected, and therefore each variable in formula (I) and formula (II) is independently selected even when representing the same group / part and / or having the same definition. However, in certain embodiments, silicone cationic surfactant (A) and organic cationic surfactant (B) are configured in a similar manner in terms of one or more variables in formula (I) and formula (II). For example, in certain embodiments, each R1 of silicone cationic surfactant (A) and organic cationic surfactant (B) is methyl. In these or other embodiments, each D of silicone cationic surfactant (A) and organic cationic surfactant (B) is independently a hydroxypropylene group of one of the following formulas: In these or other embodiments, each anion X of the silicone cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) is the same. For example, in some such embodiments, each X of the silicone cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) is a halogen anion, or a chloride ion (Cl - ).

[0125] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a silicone cationic surfactant (A) having one of the following formulas (Ai)-(A-vii):

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] and an organic cationic surfactant (B) having one of the following formulas (Bi) to (B-iii):

[0129]

[0130] The relative amounts of silicone cationic surfactant (A) and organic cationic surfactant (B) used in the composition vary, for example, based on the specific silicone cationic surfactant (A) selected, the specific organic cationic surfactant (B) selected, whether another component is used in the composition, etc.

[0131] Typically, the silicone cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) are used in a ratio of (A): (B) of 10: 1 to 1: 10, such as 8: 1 to 1: 8, alternatively 6: 1 to 1: 6, alternatively 4: 1 to 1: 4, alternatively 2: 1 to 1: 2, alternatively 1: 1. For example, in certain embodiments, the composition may contain an excess of component (B) relative to component (A) so that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) are used in a weight ratio (i.e., weight / weight) of (A): (B) of less than 1: 1, such as 1: 1.1 to 1: 10, alternatively 1: 1.5 to 1: 10, alternatively 1: 2 to 1: 10, alternatively 1: 3 to 1: 10, alternatively 1: 4 to 1: 10, alternatively 1: 5 to 1: 10. In other embodiments, the composition may include an excess of component (A) relative to component (B) such that the silicone cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) are used in a weight ratio (i.e., weight / weight) of (A):(B) greater than 1:1, such as 1.1:1 to 10:1, alternatively 1.5:1 to 10:1, alternatively 2:1 to 10:1, alternatively 2:1 to 10:1, alternatively 2:1 to 8:1, alternatively 2:1 to 6:1, alternatively 2:1 to 5:1. However, it should be understood that ratios outside the above specific ranges may also be used. For example, in certain embodiments, one of the silicone cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) is used in an overall excess relative to the other (e.g., used in an amount ≥5, alternatively ≥10, alternatively ≥15, alternatively ≥20 times the amount of the other).

[0132] The composition may include a carrier vehicle (e.g., solvent, diluent, dispersant, etc.). In such embodiments, the carrier vehicle will be selected based on the specific components (A) and (B) selected and any other components utilized in the composition and / or to be combined with the composition (i.e., in the final use composition). Carrier vehicles are known in the art and typically include solvents, fluids, oils, etc., and combinations thereof.

[0133] Examples of solvents include aqueous solvents, organic solvents, and combinations thereof. Examples of aqueous solvents include water and polar and / or charged (i.e., ionic) solvents that are compatible with water. Examples of organic solvents include solvents comprising the following: alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and n-propanol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or methyl isobutyl ketone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane, hexane, and octane; glycol ethers such as propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, and ethylene glycol n-butyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and chloroform; dimethyl sulfoxide; dimethylformamide, acetonitrile; tetrahydrofuran; white spirit; solvent oil; naphtha; N-methylpyrrolidone; etc., and derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof. Specific examples of such polar organic solvents that are generally compatible with water include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-butanone, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and combinations thereof.

[0134] Examples of fluids include organic fluids, silicone fluids, and combinations thereof. Organic fluids typically contain organic oils, including volatile and / or semivolatile hydrocarbons, esters, and / or ethers. General examples of such organic fluids include volatile hydrocarbon oils, such as C6-C 16 Alkanes, C8-C 16 Isoalkanes (e.g., isodecane, isododecane, isohexadecane, etc.), C8-C 16 Branched chain esters (e.g., isohexyl neopentanoate, isodecyl neopentanoate, etc.), and their derivatives, modifications, and combinations. Other examples of organic fluids include aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols with more than 3 carbon atoms, aldehydes, ketones, amines, esters, ethers, glycols, glycol ethers, alkyl halides, aromatic halides, and combinations thereof. Hydrocarbons include isododecane, isohexadecane, Isopar L (C 11 -C 13 )、Isopar H(C 11 -C 12 ), hydrogenated polydecene. Ethers and esters include isodecyl neopentanoate, neopentyl glycol heptanoate, glycol distearate, dicaprylyl carbonate, diethylhexyl carbonate, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethyl-3 ethoxypropionate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, tridecyl neopentanoate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME), octadecyl neopentanoate, diisobutyl adipate, diisopropyl adipate, propylene glycol dicaprylate / propylene glycol dicaprate, octyl ether, octyl palmitate, and combinations thereof. Silicone fluids typically contain low viscosity and / or volatile siloxanes. Examples of such silicone fluids include those including low viscosity organopolysiloxanes, volatile methylsiloxanes, volatile ethylsiloxanes, volatile methylethylsiloxanes, and the like, or combinations thereof. Typically, silicone fluids have a viscosity of 1 to 1,000 mm at 25°C.2 / sec range. Specific examples of silicone fluids include hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, dodecamethylpentasiloxane, tetradecamethylhexasiloxane, hexamethylheptasiloxane, heptamethyl-3-{(trimethylsilyl)oxy)}trisiloxane, hexamethyl-3,3,bis{(trimethylsilyl)oxy}trisiloxane, pentamethyl{(trimethylsilyl)oxy}cyclotrisiloxane, and polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylsiloxane, polymethylethylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxane, caprylylmethylsiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, heptamethyloctyltrisiloxane, hexyltrimethicone, and the like, as well as derivatives, modified products, and combinations thereof. Other examples of silicone fluids include silicone oils having a viscosity of 5×10 -7 to 1.5×10 -6 m 2 / s vapor pressure of polysiloxane.

[0135] Other carrier media may also be utilized. For example, in some embodiments, the carrier media comprises an ionic liquid. Examples of ionic liquids include anion-cation combinations. Typically, the anion is selected from an alkyl sulfate-based anion, toluenesulfonate anion, sulfonate-based anion, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion, hexafluorophosphate anion, tetrafluoroborate anion, etc., and the cation is selected from an imidazolium-based cation, a pyrrolidinium-based cation, a pyridinium-based cation, a lithium cation, etc. However, a combination of multiple cations and anions may also be utilized. Specific examples of ionic liquids generally include 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 3-methyl-1-propylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, n-butyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-1-propylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and the like. amine, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-allylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and the like, as well as derivatives, modified products and combinations thereof.

[0136] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises (C) solvent.Solvent (C) can promote the introduction of certain components into the composition, the mixing and / or homogenization of components, etc. Similarly, specific solvent (C) will be selected based on the solubility of components (A) and (B) and / or other components used in the composition, the volatility of the solvent (i.e., vapor pressure), the final use of the composition, etc. Solubility refers to that solvent (C) is enough to dissolve and / or disperse components (A) and (B) to form a homogeneous composition. Therefore, the solvent used in the composition can generally be selected from any carrier medium suitable for fluidization and / or dissolving components (A) and (B) or another component of the composition described above. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, although organic solvents can be used in the composition, before using the composition or the final use composition comprising the composition, particularly in the case where the organic solvent is flammable, such organic solvents will generally be removed.

[0137] In certain embodiments, solvent (C) is an aqueous solvent, and comprises water, or is substantially composed of water, or is water. Water is not specifically limited. For example, purified water, such as distilled water and ion exchange water, saline, phosphate buffered water solution, etc., or combinations and / or modifiers thereof can be used. In some such embodiments, solvent (C) comprises water and at least one other solvent (i.e., co-solvent), such as a water miscible solvent. The example of such co-solvent may include any water miscible carrier medium described above. The specific example of co-solvent includes glycerol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol ethers (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl ethers, etc.), etc., and their derivatives, modifiers and combinations.

[0138] The amount of solvent (C) used is not limited and depends on various factors, including the type of solvent selected, the amount and type of components (A) and (B) used, the form of the composition (i.e., concentrate, intermediate or final use composition), etc. Generally, the amount of solvent (C) used may range from 0.1 wt % to 99.9 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition or the total combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C). In some embodiments, based on the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C), solvent (C) is used in an amount of 50% to 99.9% by weight, such as 60% to 99.9% by weight, alternatively 70% to 99.9% by weight, alternatively 80% to 99.9% by weight, alternatively 90% to 99.9% by weight, alternatively 95% to 99.9% by weight, alternatively 98% to 99.9% by weight, alternatively 98.5% to 99.9% by weight, alternatively 98.5% to 99.7% by weight, alternatively 98.7% to 99.7% by weight. It is recognized by those skilled in the art that the upper limits of these ranges generally reflect the active amounts of components (A) and (B) used (i.e., in the final use composition). Therefore, amounts outside these ranges may also be used.

[0139] In the composition, the siloxane cationic surfactant (A) and the organic cationic surfactant (B) can be used alone (i.e., pure or in combination with a solvent (C)), used together with at least one auxiliary component, or as an adjuvant of at least one other component, optionally in the presence of one or more additives (e.g., reagents, adjuvants, ingredients, modifiers, etc.). Therefore, in certain embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more additional components, such as one or more additives. It should be understood that such additives can be classified in different technical terms, and an additive will not be limited to the function simply because it is classified in such terms. In addition, some of these additives may be present in the specific components of the composition, or alternatively may be incorporated when the composition is formed. Typically, the composition may include any number of additives, for example depending on the specific type and / or function of the additive in the composition.

[0140] For example, in certain embodiments, the composition may include one or more additive components that include, consist essentially of, or consist of: (D) a surfactant (i.e., in addition to components (A) and (B)); (E) a rheology modifier; (F) a pH control agent; and (G) a foam enhancer.

[0141] In certain embodiments, the composition also includes a surfactant (D). Surfactant (D) is a surfactant other than the cationic surfactant of component (A) and (B), and is not specifically limited in other aspects. Therefore, surfactant (D) may include one or more anionic, cationic, nonionic and / or amphoteric surfactants, such as any one or more of those described below. Typically, surfactant (C) is selected to impart, change and / or promote certain properties of the final use composition of the composition and / or the composition, such as compatibility, foamability, foam stability, foam diffusion and / or discharge (for example, steam seal / closure) etc. In certain embodiments, surfactant (D) is selected from water-soluble surfactants.

[0142] In some embodiments, the surfactant (D) comprises or is an ionic surfactant. Examples of anionic surfactants include carboxylates (sodium 2-(2-hydroxyalkoxy) acetate), amino acid derivatives (N-acyl glutamates, N-acyl-glycinates or acyl sarcosinates), alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates and oxyethylated derivatives thereof, sulfonates, isethionates and N-acyl isethionates, taurates and N-acyl N-methyl taurates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, phosphates and alkyl phosphates, polypeptides, anionic derivatives of alkyl polyglycosides (acyl-D-galactoside uronates) and fatty acid soaps, alkali metal sulfonated ricinoleates, sulfonated glycerides of fatty acids (such as sulfonated monoglycerides of coconut oil), salts of sulfonated monovalent alcohol esters (such as sodium oleyl isethionate), amides of aminosulfonic acids (such as sodium salt of oleyl methyl taurine), sulfonated products of fatty acid nitriles (such as palmitonitrile sulfonates), sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbons. (such as sodium α-naphthalene monosulfonate), condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde, sodium octahydroanthracenesulfonate, alkali metal alkyl sulfates (such as sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate), ether sulfates having an alkyl group containing 8 or more carbon atoms (such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium alkyl aryl ether sulfate and ammonium alkyl aryl ether sulfate), alkyl aryl sulfonates having 1 or more alkyl groups containing 8 or more carbon atoms, alkali metal salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (exemplified by sodium salt of hexylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt of octylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt of decylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt of hexadecylbenzenesulfonic acid and sodium salt of tetradecylbenzenesulfonic acid), sulfuric acid esters of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (including CH3(CH2)6CH2O(C2H4O)2SO3H, CH3(CH2)7CH2O(C2H4O) 3.5 SO3H, CH3(CH2)8CH2O(C2H4O)8SO3H, CH3(CH2) 19 CH2O(C2H4O)4SO3H and CH3(CH2) 10CH2O(C2H4O)6SO3H), sodium salt, potassium salt and amine salt of alkylnaphthyl sulfonic acid, and their derivatives, modified substances and combinations.

[0143] In some embodiments, surfactant (D) comprises or is a cationic surfactant. Examples of cationic surfactants include various fatty acid amines and amides and their derivatives, and salts of fatty acid amines and amides. Examples of aliphatic fatty acid amines include acetates of dodecylamine, octadecylamine and tallow fatty acid amine, homologues of aromatic amines with fatty acids (such as dodecylglycerol (dodecylanalin)), fatty amides derived from aliphatic diamines (such as undecyl imidazoline), fatty amides derived from aliphatic diamines such as undecyl imidazoline, fatty amides derived from disubstituted amines (such as oleyl aminodiethylamine), derivatives of ethylenediamine, quaternary ammonium compounds and their salts (e.g. tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dihexadecyl chloride, etc.). ammonium), alkyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (such as octyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide), dialkyldimethylammonium hydroxide (such as octyldimethylammonium hydroxide, decyldimethylammonium hydroxide, didodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide, distearyldimethylammonium hydroxide, tallowtrimethylammonium hydroxide), coconut oil, trimethylammonium hydroxide, methylpolyoxyethylene coconut ammonium chloride and dipalmitoylhydroxyethylmethylammonium sulfate, amide derivatives of amino alcohols (such as β-hydroxyethyl stearamide), amine salts of long-chain fatty acids, etc., and derivatives, modifications and combinations thereof.

[0144] In some embodiments, the surfactant (D) includes or is a nonionic surfactant. Examples of nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers (such as lauryl, hexadecyl, stearyl or octyl), polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ethers, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, ethoxylated trimethyl nonanol, polyoxyalkylene glycol-modified polysiloxane surfactants, polyoxyalkylene-substituted silicones (rake type or ABn type) , organic silanolamides, organic silicone esters, organic silicone glycosides, dimethicone copolyols, fatty acid esters of polyols, such as sorbitan esters and glyceryl esters of mono-, di-, tri- and sesquioleic acid and stearic acid, lauric acid glyceryl and lauric acid polyethylene glycol esters; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol (such as polyethylene glycol monostearate and monolaurate), polyoxyethylated fatty acid esters of sorbitol (such as stearate and oleate), etc., as well as their derivatives, modifications and combinations.

[0145] In some embodiments, surfactant (D) comprises or is an amphoteric surfactant. Examples of amphoteric surfactants include amino acid surfactants, betaine acid surfactants, trimethyl nonyl polyethylene glycol ethers, and polyethylene glycol ether alcohols containing linear alkyl groups having 11 to 15 carbon atoms, such as 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonyloxy polyethyleneoxyethanol (6EO) (available from OSi Specialties, A Witco Company, Endicott, NY, for TMN-6), 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonylpolyethyleneoxyethanol (10EO) (available from OSi Specialties, A Witco Company, Endicott, NY as TMN-10 for sale), alkylene-oxyethylene glycol (C 11-15 2-alkyl, 9EO) (available from OSi Specialties, A Witco Company, Endicott, NY 15-S-9 sold), alkylene-oxyethylene glycol (C 11-15 2-alkyl, 15EO) (available from OSi Specialties, A Witco Company, Endicott, NY 15-S-15), octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols having varying amounts of ethylene oxide units such as octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (40EO) (available from Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pa. as X405 (sold as), nonionic ethoxylated tridecyl ether (available under the trade name Trycol from Emery Industries, Mauldin, SC), alkali metal salts of dialkyl sulfosuccinates (available under the trade name Aerosol from American Cyanamid Company, Wayne, NJ), ethylene oxide condensation products of polyethoxylated quaternary ammonium salts and primary fatty amines (available under the trade names Ethoquad, Ethomeen or Arquad from Armak Company, Chicago, IL), polyoxyalkylene glycol-modified polysiloxanes, N-alkylamido betaines and their derivatives, proteins and their derivatives, glycine derivatives, sulfobetaines, alkyl polyamino carboxylates and alkyl amphoacetates, and the like, as well as derivatives, modifications and combinations thereof. These surfactants can also be obtained from other suppliers under different trade names.

[0146] Surfactant (D) may be included in the composition at various concentrations, e.g., depending on its specific form, the specific surfactant selected for surfactant (D), the loading / active amount of components (A) and / or (B), etc. Typically, surfactant (D) is used in an amount of greater than 0 wt% to 10 wt%, alternatively 0.01 wt% to 5 wt%, alternatively 0.01 wt% to 3 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition or an end-use composition comprising the composition.

[0147] In certain embodiments, the composition further comprises a rheology modifier (E). The rheology modifier (E) is not specifically limited and is generally selected to change the viscosity, flow properties and / or foaming properties (i.e., foam forming ability and / or foam stability) of the composition or the final use composition comprising the composition. Therefore, the rheology modifier (E) is not specifically limited and may include a thickener, a stabilizer, a viscosity modifier, a thixotropic agent, etc. or a combination thereof, which will generally be selected from natural or synthetic thickening compounds. In some embodiments, the rheology modifier (E) comprises one or more water-soluble and / or water-compatible thickening compounds (e.g., water-soluble organic polymers, etc.).

[0148] Examples of compounds suitable for use in or as the rheology modifier (E) include acrylamide copolymers, acrylate copolymers and salts thereof (e.g., sodium polyacrylate, etc.), cellulose (e.g., methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polypropylhydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, etc.), starch (e.g., starch, hydroxyethyl starch, etc.), polyoxyethylene (e.g., PEG, PPG, PEG / PPG copolymers, etc.), carbomer, Alginates (e.g. sodium alginate), various gums (e.g. gum arabic, cassia gum, carob gum, scleroglucan gum, xanthan gum, gellan gum, rhamnose gum, karaya gum, carrageenan, guar gum, etc.), cocamide derivatives (e.g. cocamidopropyl betaine, etc.), medium- and long-chain alkyl and / or fatty alcohols (e.g. cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, etc.), gelatin, sugars (e.g. fructose, glucose, PEG-120 methyl glucarate, etc.), etc., and derivatives, modifications and combinations thereof.

[0149] In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a pH control agent (F). The pH control agent (F) is not specifically limited and may include or be any compound suitable for regulating or adjusting the pH of the composition and / or maintaining (e.g., regulating) the pH of the composition within a specific range. Therefore, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the pH control agent (F) includes or is a pH adjusting agent (e.g., an acid and / or a base), a pH buffer, or a combination thereof, such as any one or more of those described below.

[0150] Examples of acids generally include mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.), organic acids (e.g., citric acid, etc.), etc., and derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof. Examples of bases generally include alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), carbonates (e.g., alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, etc.), phosphates, etc., and derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof.

[0151] In certain embodiments, pH control agent (F) includes or is pH buffer. Suitable pH buffer is not specifically limited, and may include or may be any buffer compound capable of adjusting the pH of the composition and / or maintaining (e.g., regulating) the pH of the composition within a specific range. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, due to the functional overlap between additives, examples of suitable buffers and buffer compounds may overlap with certain pH adjusting agents, including those described above. Therefore, when both are used in pH control agent (F) or as pH control agent (F), pH buffer and pH adjusting agent may be selected independently or jointly relative to each other.

[0152] Typically, suitable pH buffers are selected from buffer compounds including acids, bases or salts (e.g., conjugate bases / acids containing acids / bases). Examples of buffer compounds generally include alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), carbonates (e.g., sesquicarbonates, alkali metal carbonates (such as sodium carbonate), etc.), borates, silicates, phosphates, imidazoles, citric acid, sodium citrate, etc., and derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof. Examples of some pH buffers include citrate buffers, glycerol buffers, borate buffers, phosphate buffers, and combinations thereof (e.g., citric acid-phosphate buffers, etc.). Therefore, some examples of specific buffer compounds suitable for use in or as pH buffers of pH control agents (F) include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (e.g., disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, etc.), triethanolamine (e.g., tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, etc.), citrates and other polycarboxylic acid-based compounds, etc., and derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof.

[0153] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a foam enhancer (G). The specific compounds / compositions suitable for use in or as a foam enhancer (G) are not limited, and generally include compounds / compositions that can impart, enhance and / or modify the foaming properties (e.g., foamability, foam stability, foam drainage, foam diffusivity, foam density, etc.) of the composition or the final use composition comprising the composition. Therefore, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the compounds / compositions suitable for use in or as a foam enhancer (G) may overlap with those compounds / compositions described herein for other additives / components of the composition.

[0154] For example, in certain embodiments, the foam enhancer (G) comprises a stabilizer selected from the following: electrolytes (e.g., alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal salts of various anions, such as chlorides, borates, citrates and / or sulfates, aluminum chloride salts, etc. of sodium, potassium, calcium and / or magnesium), polyelectrolytes (e.g., hyaluronates, such as sodium hyaluronate, etc.), polyols (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, sorbitol), hydrogen colloids, etc., and derivatives, modifications, and combinations thereof.

[0155] In certain embodiments, foam enhancer (G) comprises a sugar compound, i.e., a compound comprising at least one sugar moiety. It should be understood that, in general, the term "saccharide" can be used synonymously with the term "carbohydrate", and in more specific cases, can be used synonymously with terms such as "sugar". Therefore, for suitable sugar compounds used in foam enhancer (G) or as foam enhancer (G), the naming of any specific sugar is not exclusive. On the contrary, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, suitable sugar compounds may include or may be any compound comprising a part that can be described as a saccharide, a carbohydrate, sugar, starch, cellulose, etc., or their derivatives or modifications, or their combinations. Similarly, more descriptive terms may be used to describe any combination of more than one sugar moiety in a sugar compound. For example, the term "polysaccharide" can be used synonymously with the term "glycoside", wherein the two terms generally refer to a combination of more than one sugar moiety (e.g., a combination of sugar moieties is linked together by glycosidic bonds and forms a glycoside moiety together). Those skilled in the art will understand that terms such as "starch" and "cellulose" can be used to refer to such combinations of sugar moieties in specific instances (e.g., when a combination of more than one sugar moiety in a sugar compound conforms to a structure referred to in the art as "starch" or "cellulose", etc.).

[0156] Therefore, examples of sugar compounds suitable for use in or as the foam enhancer (G) may include compounds referred to as the following or compounds containing at least one moiety referred to as the following: monosaccharides and / or sugars (e.g., pentoses (i.e., furanoses) such as ribose, xylose, arabinose, lyxose, fructose, etc., and hexoses (i.e., pyranoses) such as glucose, galactose, mannose, guloses, idoses, taloses, alloses, altroses, etc.), disaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, etc.), oligosaccharides (e.g., malto-oligosaccharides such as maltodextrin, arafinoses, stachyoses, oligofructose, etc.), polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, glycogen, hydrocolloids, starches such as amylose, amylopectin, etc.), etc., or combinations thereof.

[0157] Other examples of foam enhancers suitable for use in or as foam enhancers (G) are known in the art. For example, foam enhancer (G) may include a polymer stabilizer, such as a polymer stabilizer including polyacrylates, modified starches, partially hydrolyzed proteins, polyethylene imine, polyethylene resins, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, carboxyvinyl polymers, or combinations thereof. In these or other embodiments, foam enhancer (G) may include a thickener, such as a thickener including one or more gums (e.g., xanthan gum), collagen, galactomannan, starch, starch derivatives and / or hydrolyzates, cellulose derivatives (e.g., methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, etc.), colloidal silicic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, etc., or derivatives, modifications, or combinations thereof.

[0158] The composition may include one or more additional components / additives, i.e., different from those described above, which are known in the art and will be selected based on the specific components used in the composition and its desired end use. For example, the composition may include: fillers; filler treatment agents; surface modifiers; adhesives; compatibilizers; colorants (e.g., pigments, dyes, etc.); anti-aging additives; flame retardants; corrosion inhibitors; UV absorbers; antioxidants; light stabilizers; heat stabilizers; etc., and their derivatives, modifications, and combinations.

[0159] The composition can be prepared by combining components (A) and (B), and optional components (eg, components (C)-(G) described above), in any order of addition, optionally with a masterbatch and optionally with mixing.

[0160] In certain embodiments, the composition is prepared by premixing component (A) with optional components to prepare an intermediate composition, which is then combined with component (B) to prepare the composition. Similarly, in these or other embodiments, the composition is prepared by premixing component (B) with optional components to prepare an intermediate composition, which is then combined with component (A) to prepare the composition. For example, in certain embodiments, component (A) is combined with a pH control agent (F) to prepare a silicone cationic surfactant composition, which is then combined with component (B) to prepare the composition. In some such embodiments, the pH control agent (F) is a mineral acid (e.g., HCl) and is used in an amount sufficient to protonate some but not all amine groups in the silicone cationic surfactant (A), thereby preparing the silicone cationic surfactant composition as a buffered solution. In these or other embodiments, component (B) is combined with a pH control agent (F) to prepare an organic cationic surfactant composition, which is then combined with component (A) (e.g., independently, in the form of a silicone cationic surfactant composition, etc.) to prepare the composition. In some such embodiments, the pH control agent (F) is a mineral acid (e.g., HCl) and is used in an amount sufficient to protonate some but not all of the amine groups in the organic cationic surfactant (B), thereby preparing the organic cationic surfactant composition as a buffered solution. In view of the above embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the pH control agent (F) may comprise a variety of functions, such as adjusting the pH of one or more individual components of the composition, buffering one or more intermediate compositions, and / or adjusting, controlling, and / or buffering the pH of the composition alone or in combination with one or more other components.

[0161] The composition can be prepared as a concentrate, for example, by combining components (A) and (B), optionally with any of components (D)-(G), and in the absence of or minimal component (C). Alternatively, when formulated for dilution, the composition can comprise a major amount of component (C) (e.g., >50 wt %, alternatively >75 wt %, alternatively >90 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition), and still be defined as a concentrate.

[0162] The foam-stabilizing composition can be formulated as a foam-forming composition (e.g., by diluting a concentrated composition, as described above) or used as an additive to prepare a foam-forming composition (e.g., by combining the foam-stabilizing composition with a base formulation, i.e., a formulation comprising a blowing agent, a solvent / carrier, additives, etc.). For example, the foam composition can be prepared by providing water (e.g., in the form of an active stream from a hose, pipe, etc. or in a reaction vessel / reactor, optionally in combination with one or more foam additives) and combining the foam-stabilizing composition with the water (e.g., in the form of a preformed mixture, by adding the individual components (A), (B), (C), etc.). In any of such cases, after the foam-forming composition comprising the foam-stabilizing composition is prepared, it can be aerated or otherwise expanded (e.g., via a foaming device, applied to an aerated water / material stream, etc.) to form a foam composition (i.e., "foam").

[0163] Foams prepared with foam-stabilizing compositions are suitable for use in various applications. For example, as described above, compositions can be used in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) or similar such foams, which can be used to extinguish, contain and / or prevent fires. Specifically, due to the increased stability provided by the compositions, foams prepared therefrom can be used to extinguish fires involving chemicals (e.g., gasoline, organic solvents, etc.) with low boiling points, high vapor pressures and / or limited water solubility, which are usually highly flammable and / or difficult to maintain / extinguish. For example, such fires can be extinguished by contacting the fire with the foam (e.g., by spraying the foam onto the fire, spraying the foam-forming composition onto the fire to produce foam thereon, etc.). In a similar manner, foams can be used to protect chemicals (e.g., to avoid their overflow or leakage) by applying the foam to the top of the spill / leak or otherwise forming foam thereon, thereby limiting steam leakage and / or ignition.

[0164] The following examples, which illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure, are intended to illustrate but not to limit the invention.

[0165] Certain components used in the examples are set forth in Table 1 below, followed by a brief summary including information regarding certain abbreviations, shorthand symbols, structural / chemical descriptions, etc. of specific components used in the examples. With respect to chemical structures, it is understood that each terminal pendant group not explicitly shown is a methyl group (-CH3) unless otherwise indicated.

[0166] Table 1: Components and materials used

[0167]

[0168]

[0169]

[0170] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Si4-QUAB

[0171]

[0172] 3-Aminopropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (6.34 g), glyceryl trimethyl ammonium chloride (4.09 g; 72.7% aqueous solution), ethanol (5.50 g) and HCl (0.66 g; 0.1 N) were mixed in a 1 oz vial and stirred on a 60° C. heating block to obtain a mixture that became transparent in about 9 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and 40 minutes, then pH control agent (F1) (3.10 g) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a composition containing a silicone cationic surfactant (Si4-QUAB; 47.1% concentration).

[0173] Preparation Example 2: Si4-(QUAB) 1.5 Preparation

[0174]

[0175] 3-Aminopropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (6.35 g), glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (6.01 g; 1.5 equivalents; 72.7% aqueous solution), ethanol (5.86 g) and HCl (1.5 g; 0.1 N) were mixed in a 1 oz vial and stirred on a 60° C. heat block to give a mixture that became transparent in about 15 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and 40 minutes, then pH control agent (F1) (3.09 g) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to give a composition comprising a silicone cationic surfactant (Si4-(QUAB) 1.5 ; Adjust to 40% concentration with water).

[0176] Preparation Example 3: Si7-PDA-(QUAB) 1.5 Preparation

[0177]

[0178] 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane (255 g) was charged to a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, a mechanical stirrer, and a water-cooled condenser suitable for a N2 bubbler. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF; 50 ppm) was then added to the flask. 3-Chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane (96.3 g, Gelest, Inc.) and BCF (150 ppm) were mixed in an addition funnel to form a catalytic mixture, which was then slowly added to the flask over 30 minutes while using an ice-water bath to remove heat and controlling the pot temperature below 30°C. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, at which time the mixture was heated to 40°C. 1H NMR indicated a conversion of >99%.The mixture was then concentrated using a rotary evaporator (110°C; 1 torr; 30 minutes) to afford the first intermediate (Si7PrCl).

[0179] 1,3-diaminopropane (5.62 g) and Si7PrCl (14.59 g) were loaded into two 20 mL sample vials, then heated to 120 ° C and mixed for about 15 hours. Each mixture was then cooled to room temperature and combined in a 500 mL glass sample jar, totaling 39.17 g of reaction solution. Deionized water (38.72 g) and heptane (37.80 g) were added to the jar, and the two-phase mixture was stirred while the jar was not capped to avoid pressure accumulation. The sample was then left to stand until the two-phase solution was completely separated. The top layer was then removed via a syringe, filtered into a flask by a syringe filter (2.0 μm), and stripped via simple distillation (60 ° C and about 20 mmHg) to remove heptane and obtain a second intermediate ("Si7-PDA").

[0180] Si7-PDA (2.18 g), glyceryl trimethyl ammonium chloride (0.88 g; 1.5 equivalents; 72.7% aqueous solution), ethanol (3.00 g) and HCl (0.08 g; 0.1 N) were mixed in a 1 oz vial and stirred on a 50° C. heating block to obtain a mixture that immediately became transparent. The mixture was stirred for 3 hours, then pH control agent (F1) (1.12 g) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a composition containing a silicone cationic surfactant (Si7-PDA-(QUAB) 1.5 ; 39.3 wt % concentration).

[0181] Preparation Example 4: Preparation of C6-QUAB

[0182]

[0183] 1-Hexylamine (2.82 g), glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (6.21 g; 72.7% aqueous solution), ethanol (5.02 g) and HCl (1.35 g; 0.1 N) were mixed in a 1 oz vial and stirred on a 60° C. heating block to obtain a mixture that became transparent in about 2 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours, then pH control agent (F1) (4.69 g) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a composition containing a cationic surfactant (C6-QUAB; 36.7% concentration).

[0184] Preparation Example 5: Preparation of C8-QUAB

[0185]

[0186] 1-Octylamine (3.60 g), glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (6.21 g; 72.7% aqueous solution), ethanol (5.04 g) and HCl (1.35 g; 0.1 N) were mixed in a 1 oz vial and stirred on a 60° C. heating block to obtain a mixture that became transparent in about 3 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours, then pH control agent (F1) (4.76 g) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a composition containing a cationic surfactant (C8-QUAB; 38.6 wt % concentration).

[0187] Preparation Example 6: Preparation of C10-QUAB

[0188]

[0189] 1-Decylamine (4.38 g), glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (6.19 g; 72.7% aqueous solution), ethanol (5.00 g) and HCl (1.35 g; 0.1 N) were mixed in a 1 oz vial and stirred on a 60° C. heating block to obtain a mixture that became transparent in about 4 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours, then pH control agent (F1) (4.72 g) was added and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a composition containing a cationic surfactant (C10-QUAB; 40.8 wt % concentration).

[0190] Preparation Procedure 1: Foam Stabilizing Composition

[0191] A foam stabilizing composition is prepared by combining a silicone cationic surfactant (A) and an organic cationic surfactant (B). Specifically, the silicone cationic surfactant (A), the organic cationic surfactant (B), and optionally the pH control agent (F), the surfactant (D), and / or the foam enhancing agent (G) are combined with a solvent (C) in a sample vial and diluted in the solvent (C) to obtain a foam stabilizing composition, which can be visually analyzed to evaluate the appearance.

[0192] Preparation procedure 2: Foam

[0193] The foam was prepared by aerating the foam stabilizing composition. Specifically, the foam stabilizing composition was prepared in a sample vial according to the above Preparation Procedure 1. The sample vial was then shaken for about 5 seconds to generate foam, which could be visually analyzed to assess relative foam amount and thickness.

[0194] Analytical Procedure 1: Foam Stability on Heptane at 35°C

[0195] A 10 mL sample vial was filled with heptane (about 3 g) and placed on a heat block stabilized at 35° C. for 15 minutes without a cap. The foam sample (about 3 cm) prepared according to Preparation Procedure 2 above was then transferred by pipette onto the heated heptane to obtain a foam layer. A timer was started after the foam transfer was completed, and once the foam layer broke, dissolved or popped, the timer was stopped and the recorded time was provided as the 35° C. foam stability of the sampled foam on heptane.

[0196] Analytical Procedure 2: Foam Stability on Heptane at 60°C

[0197] The Foam Analysis 1 procedure described above was performed using a heating block stabilized at 60° C. The time for a given foam layer to break, dissolve, or pop was recorded as the 60° C. foam stability on heptane for the sampled foam.

[0198] Examples 1-12: Foam stabilizing compositions and foams prepared therefrom

[0199] According to the above Preparation Procedure 1, various foam stabilizing compositions are prepared using silicone cationic surfactant (A1), organic cationic surfactant (B1), solvent (C1) and optional various additive components. The specific components and parameters of Examples 1-12 are described in the following Tables 2-3.

[0200] Table 2: Composition and parameters of Examples 1-6

[0201]

[0202]

[0203] Table 3: Components and parameters of Examples 7-12

[0204]

[0205] The foam stabilizing composition was then used to prepare various foams according to the above-described Preparative Procedure 2, and the resulting foams were analyzed for stability on volatile organic solvents according to the above-described Analytical Procedure 1. The results of the analysis are set forth in Table 4 below.

[0206] Table 4: Foam analysis results of Examples 1-12

[0207]

[0208]

[0209] As shown in Table 4, the exemplary compositions provide good foam performance and stability (e.g., see Example 1), which can be further enhanced by adding various additive components, including another surfactant (e.g., see Example 5), a sugar or other carbohydrate foam enhancer (e.g., see Examples 7-11), and a buffer (e.g., see Example 12).

[0210] Examples 13-16: Foam stabilizing compositions and foams prepared therefrom

[0211] According to the above preparation procedure 1, various foam stabilizing compositions were prepared using silicone cationic surfactant (A1), solvent (C1) and various organic cationic surfactants (B). The foam stabilizing compositions were then used to prepare various foams according to the above preparation procedure 2, and the stability of the obtained foams on volatile organic solvents was analyzed according to the above analysis procedure 1. The analysis results are set forth in the following Table 5 together with the specific components and parameters of Examples 13-16.

[0212] Table 5: Components, parameters and results of Examples 13-16

[0213] Components Embodiment 13 Embodiment 14 Embodiment 15 Example 16 Siloxane CS(A): A1 A1 A1 A1 Amount (A) (weight %): 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Organic CS (B) (wt%): B1 B1 B2 B3 Amount (B) (weight %): 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Foam stability at 35°C (minutes): 27 20 74 37

[0214] As shown in Table 5, exemplary compositions using various organic cationic surfactants (B) provide good foam performance and stability (e.g., see Examples 13-16), wherein specific combinations of silicone cationic surfactants (A) and organic cationic surfactants (B) provide additional stability benefits (e.g., see Example 15).

[0215] Examples 17-19: Foam stabilizing compositions and foams prepared therefrom

[0216] According to the above preparation procedure 1, various foam stabilizing compositions were prepared using an organic cationic surfactant (B1), a solvent (C1) and various silicone cationic surfactants (A). The foam stabilizing compositions were then used to prepare various foams according to the above preparation procedure 2, and the stability of the resulting foams on volatile organic solvents was analyzed according to the above analysis procedure 2. The analysis results are set forth in the following Table 6 together with the specific components and parameters of Examples 17-19.

[0217] Comparative Examples 1-3: Comparative Foam Compositions and Foams

[0218] Various foam compositions were prepared according to the above Preparation Procedure 1 using solvent (C1) and various silicone cationic surfactants (A) without adding any organic cationic surfactant (B). The foam stabilizing composition was then used to prepare various foams (if foamable) according to the above Preparation Procedure 2, and the stability of the resulting foams on volatile organic solvents was analyzed according to the above Analysis Procedure 2. The analysis results are set forth in Table 6 below, together with the specific components and parameters of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0219] Table 6: Components, parameters and results of Examples 17-19 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0220]

[0221] As shown in Table 6, the exemplary compositions using various silicone cationic surfactants (A) provide good foam performance and stability (e.g., see Examples 17-19). In addition, the exemplary compositions using a combination of silicone cationic surfactants (A) and organic cationic surfactants (B) greatly improve the stability of the foam prepared therefrom (e.g., see Examples 17-19), compared to foam compositions containing only one cationic surfactant (e.g., see Comparative Examples 1-3).

[0222] Examples 20-29: Foam stabilizing compositions and foams prepared therefrom

[0223] Various foam stabilizing compositions were prepared using different amounts of silicone cationic surfactant (A1) and organic cationic surfactant (B2) in solvent (C1) according to the above preparation procedure 1. The foam stabilizing compositions were then used to prepare various foams according to the above preparation procedure 2, and the stability of the resulting foams on volatile organic solvents was analyzed according to the above analysis procedure 2. The analysis results are set forth in Table 7 below, together with the specific components and parameters of Examples 20-29.

[0224] Table 7: Parameters and results of Examples 20-29

[0225]

[0226]

[0227] As shown in Table 7, exemplary compositions using different ratios of silicone cationic surfactant (A) and organic cationic surfactant (B) provide good foam performance and stability (see, e.g., Examples 20-29). Loadings of at least 0.2 wt. % silicone cationic surfactant (A) in the stabilizing composition provide additional stability benefits to the foams prepared therefrom (see, e.g., Examples 21-29).

[0228] The above description relates to general and specific embodiments of the present disclosure. However, without departing from the spirit and broader aspects of the present disclosure as defined in the attached claims, various changes and modifications may be made, and the claims will be interpreted according to the principles of patent law, including the principle of equivalents. Therefore, the present disclosure is presented for illustrative purposes, and should not be interpreted as an exhaustive description of all embodiments of the present disclosure or limiting the scope of the claims to specific elements illustrated or described in conjunction with these embodiments. For example, any reference to an element in the singular form using the article "a / an", "the" or "said" should not be interpreted as limiting the element to the singular. In addition, it should be understood that the terms "right angle", "orthogonal", "vertical" and "parallel" are generally used in this article in a relative rather than absolute sense. In addition, it should be understood that the terms "substantially", "about", "roughly" and the like indicate minor deviations of the characteristics modified by the characteristics. This deviation can be 0-10%, alternatively 0-5%, alternatively 0-3% of a specific characteristic.

[0229] Likewise, it should also be understood that the appended claims are not limited to the expressions and specific combinations, systems or methods described in the detailed description, which may vary between specific embodiments that fall within the scope of the appended claims. With respect to any Markush group used herein to describe specific features or aspects of various embodiments, different, special and / or unexpected results may be obtained from each member of each Markush group independent of all other Markush members. Each member of the Markush group may be relied upon individually and / or in combination and provides adequate support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.

[0230] In addition, any range and sub-range used to describe various embodiments of the present invention are independently and collectively within the scope of the attached claims, and should be understood to describe and cover all ranges including all and / or part of the values ​​therein, even if these values ​​are not explicitly written in this article. It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the enumerated ranges and sub-ranges fully describe the various embodiments of the present invention and enable them, and such ranges and sub-ranges can be further depicted as related halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, etc. As just one example, the range of "0.1 to 0.9" can be further depicted as the lower third (i.e., 0.1 to 0.3), the middle third (i.e., 0.4 to 0.6), and the upper third (i.e., 0.7 to 0.9), which are individually and collectively within the scope of the attached claims, and can be individually and / or collectively relied upon and provide sufficient support for the specific embodiments within the scope of the attached claims. In addition, with respect to the language such as "at least", "greater than", "less than", "not more than", etc., which limits or modifies the range, it should be understood that such language includes sub-ranges and / or upper or lower limits. As another example, a range of "at least 10" essentially includes a subrange of at least 10 to 35, a subrange of at least 10 to 25, a subrange of 25 to 35, etc., and each subrange can be relied upon individually and / or collectively and provide sufficient support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims. Finally, independent numerical values ​​within the disclosed ranges can be relied upon and provide sufficient support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims. For example, a range of "1 to 9" includes individual integers such as 3, and individual numbers including decimal points (or fractions) such as 4.1, which can be relied upon and provide sufficient support for specific embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A foam-stabilizing composition, comprising: (A) a silicone cationic surfactant having the general formula (I): [Z 1 -D 1 -N(Y) a (R) 2-a ] +y [X -x ] n (I), Where Z 1 is a siloxane moiety, wherein the siloxane moiety is represented by the general formula ([R x i SiO (4-i) / 2 ] h ) j (R x ) 3-j Si- represents, wherein subscript i is independently selected from 1, 2 and 3, subscript h is at least 1, subscript j is 1, 2 or 3, and each R x D is independently selected from a hydrocarbon group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group or a siloxy group; 1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group; R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; each Y has the formula -D-NR 1 3 + , wherein D is a divalent linking group and each R 1 are independently unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; subscript a is 1 or 2; 1≤y≤3; X is an anion; subscript n is 1, 2 or 3; and 1≤x≤3, provided that (x×n)=y; wherein the amount of (A) the silicone cationic surfactant is 0.2 wt % to 60 wt % based on the total weight of the foam stabilizing composition; and (B) an organic cationic surfactant having the general formula (II): [Z 2 -D 2 -WHO) b (R) 2-b ] +y [X -x ] n (II), Where Z 2 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon group; D 2 is a covalent bond or a divalent linking group; subscript b is 1 or 2; and each R, Y, superscript y, X, subscript n, and superscript x are independently selected and defined as above; wherein, based on the total weight of the foam stabilizing composition, the amount of (B) the organic cationic surfactant is 0.2 wt % to 60 wt %; wherein (A) the silicone cationic surfactant and (B) the organic cationic surfactant are used in a ratio of 10:1 to 1:2; and Optional at least one additive selected from (C) a solvent, (D) a cationic surfactant other than components (A) and (B), (F) a pH control agent, and (G) a foam enhancer.

2. The foam stabilizing composition according to claim 1, wherein the siloxane part Z 1 Has the following formula: Each R 3 Independently selected from R 2 and-OSi(R 4 )3, the prerequisite is that at least one R 3 -OSi(R 4 )3; where each R 4 Independently selected from R 2 、-OSi(R 5 )3 and -[OSiR 2 2] m OSR 2 3. Each R 5 Independently selected from R 2 、-OSi(R 6 )3 and -[OSiR 2 2] m OSR 2 3; each R 6 Independently selected from R 2 and-[OSiR 2 2] m i 2 3; where 0≤m≤100; and where each R 2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl groups.

3. The foam stabilizing composition according to claim 1, wherein the siloxane part Z 1 Having one of the following structures (i)-(iv):

4. The foam stabilizing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: (i)D 1 is a branched or straight chain alkylene group; or (ii) D 1 With formula-D 3 -N(R 7 )-D 3 , where each D 3 is an independently selected divalent linking group and R 7 is H or Y, wherein Y is independently selected and as defined above.

5. The foam stabilizing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the silicone cationic surfactant (A): (i) subscript a is 1; (ii) subscript y is 1; (iii) R is H; or (iv) any combination of (i)-(iii), and wherein in the organic cationic surfactant (B): (i) subscript b is 1; (ii) subscript y is 1; (iii) R is H; or (iv) any combination of (i)-(iii).

6. The foam-stabilizing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Z 2 is an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and wherein D 2 It is a covalent bond.

7. The foam-stabilizing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein D 2 is a divalent linking group, and wherein the divalent linking group D 2 Contains branched or straight chain alkylene groups.

8. The foam stabilizing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: (i) Each D 1 is selected from -CH2CH(OH)CH2- and -HC(CH2OH)CH2-; (ii) each R 1 is methyl; (iii) each X is Cl and the superscript x is 1; or (iv) any combination of (i)-(iii).

9. An aqueous film-forming foam comprising the foam-stabilizing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

10. A method of extinguishing a fire, the method comprising contacting the fire with the aqueous film-forming foam according to claim 9.

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