Color plate-like component with structured cover and color filter layer

Abstract

The invention relates to a plate-like component (1) comprising a transparent cover plate (2) and a planar back element (3) attached to the cover plate (2), wherein the cover plate (2) has a front side (4) facing the external environment and a back side (5) facing the back element (3), wherein at least one surface (4, 5) selected from the front side and the back side has at least one structured area (8, 8'), and wherein at least one color filter layer (9, 9') for reflecting light in a predetermined wavelength range is arranged on at least one surface (4, 5) selected from the front side and the back side, wherein the at least one structured area (8, 8') has the following features (i) to (iii): (i) perpendicular to the plane of the cover plate (2), the height profile comprises peaks and valleys, the average height difference between the peaks and valleys being at least 2 μm, (ii) at least 50% of the structured areas are composed of relatively A composition of segments inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate (2), wherein at least 20% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range of more than 0° to a maximum of 15° and at least 30% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range of more than 15° to a maximum of 45° relative to the plane of the cover plate (2), wherein (iii) each segment is planar and has a segment area of ​​at least 1 μm2, the average roughness of each segment is less than 15% of the layer thickness of at least one color filter layer (9, 9'), and wherein at least one color filter layer (9, 9') contains at least one high-refractive index layer, the at least one refractive index layer having a refractive index greater than 2.5 in the wavelength range of 400 nm to at least 700 nm and an extinction coefficient of at least 0.2 below 450 nm and less than 0.2 (in particular less than 0.1) above 700 nm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of facade production and solar cell module manufacturing and relates to a colored plate-shaped component with a structured cover plate and at least one color filter layer. The plate-shaped component is particularly formed in the form of a solar cell module or a facade element. Background Art

[0002] Although the use of solar modules as wall or facade elements is still a relatively small market from an economic perspective, it is very attractive from an ecological perspective. In particular, given the increasing efforts towards decentralized energy solutions and energy-neutral buildings, the demand for solar modules as integrated components of the building envelope is growing. This includes applications in roofs (integrated or surface-mounted) and facades. Other attractive applications for solar modules are noise barriers (for roads and railways), privacy screens for outdoor areas, walls for greenhouses, or coverings for bridge or tower structures. If landscape protection or special customer requirements do not require the conventional blue-black color of solar modules, it is even conceivable to use colored solar modules in ground-mounted systems. These new applications place new demands on solar modules, particularly in terms of aesthetics, service life, and other functionalities such as sealing and thermal insulation. In particular, solar modules for these purposes must come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors and must convey the most uniform color impression possible. Depending on the source of the color (absorption / emission, interference, and refraction), the color of the inherently uniform surface of a solar module can vary depending on the viewing and / or illumination angle. Furthermore, the spectral and spatial distribution (diffuse and directional) of the light also determine the color impression.

[0003] In terms of optimizing efficiency, an ideal solar module would be a black object that completely absorbs incident sunlight, optimally converting the radiant energy into electrical energy. However, incident radiation is reflected, while absorbed radiation is diffusely reflected by every real object. Therefore, the color impression perceived by the human eye is essentially the result of spectrally selective and diffuse reflection of light. The solar spectrum has the highest energy intensity in the visible range, and the human eye has the highest sensitivity. If a solar module is designed to be colored—that is, if the human eye is to produce a color impression of the solar module that differs from that of an ideal black object—the intensity of light absorbed in the photovoltaically active semiconductor must be reduced, and thus the electrical output or efficiency of the solar module. Optimal efficiency can essentially only be achieved with black solar modules. On the other hand, depending on the source of the color (absorption / emission, interference, and refraction), the color of an inherently homogeneous surface of a solar module can vary depending on the viewing and / or illumination angle. Furthermore, the spectral and spatial distribution (diffuse and directional) of the light also determines the color impression.

[0004] Unpublished European patent applications EP 1818615 and EP 18186161 describe solar modules in which coloring is achieved by at least one optical interference layer. By structuring the front glass, a colored solar module is obtained that exhibits a color effect that is substantially stable to the human eye even under different viewing directions and different lighting conditions, while still achieving an acceptable energy output (in particular, good efficiency).

[0005] The specific dimensions of a facade may require colored solar modules of different sizes and shapes to achieve the most uniform color possible. Smaller, non-rectangular solar modules generally incur significant additional costs if the actual semiconductor stacks are manufactured over large areas and must be segmented to produce smaller modules, as smaller solar modules require significantly higher material inputs per unit output power. Furthermore, the ratio of module area to module edge becomes less favorable with smaller solar modules, resulting in a lower overall module efficiency. Furthermore, the costs of certain materials and the fixed costs of additional components and edge sealing contribute significantly to the overall costs of small solar modules. Furthermore, certain steps in the manufacturing process can only be implemented with significantly modified system concepts for different substrate sizes.

[0006] For the reasons mentioned above, industrial mass production of solar modules is adapted to a few standard module sizes, typically rectangular ones. Therefore, covering the entire surface of a facade with solar modules is often impossible or economically unacceptable. Furthermore, the photovoltaic design of the solar cells and various additional components (such as contact ribbons, junction boxes, and cables) is optimized for standard module sizes. Furthermore, unfavorable sun orientation or shading by parts of the same building or adjacent buildings can make covering certain areas of the facade with solar modules uneconomical, as the energy output of such solar modules does not yield any additional benefits.

[0007] To address the lack of colored solar modules of suitable size and / or shape, it is conceivable to use photovoltaic passive facade elements made of metal sheets or other conventional building materials. It is understood that the color of such photovoltaic passive facade elements should be as similar as possible to that of the colored solar modules. However, there is a technical and design problem here, which lies in the very nature of color generation. In fact, depending on the source of color (absorption / emission, interference, and refraction), the color of the solar module can change under different lighting conditions (especially depending on the type of light (diffuse, direct, and color) and by changing the angle of incidence and / or observation). If the photovoltaic passive facade elements are made of a different material than the colored solar modules, this often results in undesirable color contrast from a design perspective.

[0008] A solution to this problem is given in the unpublished European patent application EP 18186175. In this European patent application a photovoltaic passive facade element is shown in which, similar to the unpublished European patent applications EP 1818615 and EP 18186161, the front glass has a structured design and is provided with at least one optical interference layer.

[0009] Using colored photovoltaic-active solar modules or colored passive facade elements, as described in unpublished European patent applications EP 1818615, EP 186161, and EP 18186175, it is possible to produce various colors (such as green, blue, turquoise, or yellow, as well as various shades of gray). The interference coatings employed in these European patent applications are based on transparent dielectric layers (such as Si3N4, SiO2, TiO2, and ZrO2). However, white or red solar modules or facade elements are difficult to realize, and their production with acceptable efficiency losses remains a major technical challenge. Especially for white and red, high efficiency losses occur, as a large portion of the visible spectrum is naturally reflected. Furthermore, the refractive index of the material systems mentioned is limited to values ​​below 3 in the visible spectrum (380 nm to 780 nm), so at best, light gray shades (L<60) can be achieved.

[0010] Typically, colors are considered to be white shades with an L value greater than 80, or even better greater than 85. In the RAL system, the darkest white is straw white (L=81): RAL 9018, straw white, L=81.34, a=-2.29, b=2.96.

[0011] To produce red solar modules or facade elements with interference layers, multiple layers are required because, with one or two interference layers, the higher layers add a blue component to the reflection spectrum, often resulting in a bluish-violet or violet hue. The angular dependence of multiple layers is often very strong. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In contrast, the present invention aims to provide a colored solar cell module or photovoltaic passive facade element in which red and white colors can also be easily realized. Efficiency losses in the case of colored solar cells should be as low as possible. Furthermore, the color of the solar cell module or photovoltaic passive facade element should be as little dependent as possible on the lighting conditions and the viewing and illumination angles. Furthermore, the solar cell modules or photovoltaic passive facade elements should be produced in various sizes and shapes at acceptable costs and with satisfactory uniformity.

[0013] These and other objects are achieved according to the proposal of the invention by a plate-shaped component having the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated by the features of the dependent claims.

[0014] According to the invention, a colored panel-shaped component is shown, in particular with a composite panel structure.

[0015] The term "panel-shaped component" generally refers to a component suitable for use as a visible surface element. Preferably, the panel-shaped component is a solar cell component, in particular a thin-film solar cell component, which can be used in systems that are, for example, ground-mounted or roof-mounted. Equally preferably, the panel-shaped component is a photovoltaically active or passive facade element for installation in a facade. Photovoltaic-active facade elements are also solar cells. Typically, a facade has a front side or outer side and a rear side or inner side, wherein the front side of the facade is visible from the external environment. For example, a facade is a wall of a building or a separate wall that serves, for example, as a visual or noise barrier. A facade element can be integrated into the facade as a separate component, wherein the front side of the facade element is part of the outer surface or front of the facade. The front side or outer surface of the facade element serves to allow light (for example, sunlight) to impinge on the facade element. The rear side or inner side of the facade element is not visible from the external environment and is not intended for the incidence of light.

[0016] A “colored” sheet-like component or a “sheet-like component with a color effect” is understood to mean that the front or outer side of the sheet-like component has a certain (selectable) color when exposed to light (eg sunlight).

[0017] "Composite panel structure" refers to a panel assembly having at least two panels firmly connected together (eg, laminated) via an intermediate layer.

[0018] According to the present invention, a panel-like assembly with color effects is provided, comprising a transparent cover and at least one planar back element. In particular, the cover and the planar back element can be securely connected to each other via an intermediate layer to form a composite panel. Preferably, the intermediate layer is a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer intermediate layer (e.g., PVB or EVA). Bonding can also be performed using transparent silicone or casting resins.

[0019] For the purposes of the present invention, the terms "transparency" or "transparent" refer to a visible light transmission of at least 85%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, and especially 100%. Typically, visible light is present in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. The terms "opacity" or "opaque" refer to a visible light transmission of less than 5%, in particular 0%. The terms "translucency" or "translucent" refer to a visible light transmission of less than 85% and at least 5%. The percentages refer to the light intensity measured on one side of the planar structure to be inspected (e.g., a panel) relative to the light intensity incident on the other side of the planar structure. For such measurements, for example, a white light source (visible light source) can be placed on one side of the planar structure and a visible light detector on the other side. The following values ​​for the optical refractive index always refer to the optical refractive index in the visible wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0020] In the panel assembly according to the present invention, the cover plate is used for coloring, as will be described in more detail below. The colored cover plate has a front surface, which is arranged on the light-incident side, and an opposite back surface. Thus, the front surface of the cover plate faces the external environment, from which the front or outer surface of the panel assembly is visible. Correspondingly, the back surface of the cover plate faces away from the external environment.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the plate-like component according to the invention, the cover plate is made of glass or plastic, preferably soda-lime glass. Preferably, the cover plate is formed as a rigid glass or plastic plate. In this case, the front or back side of the cover plate is formed by the corresponding material of the cover plate. According to an alternative embodiment of the cover plate, the cover plate can be formed from at least two different materials, wherein the front and / or back side is formed from a material different from the core of the cover plate. Preferably, the core of the cover plate is made of the same material (for example, glass or plastic, preferably soda-lime glass). A material different from the core of the cover plate is applied to the outer side and / or inner side of the core of the cover plate, which material is transparent and has the same optical refractive index as the material of the core of the cover plate. In this case, the front or back side is formed by the corresponding material applied to the core of the cover plate. Therefore, according to the invention, the term "cover plate" also includes a composite body, provided that the material forming the panel is transparent and has the same optical refractive index.

[0022] Preferably, the cover plate has no curvature and is therefore planar (flat). However, the cover plate can also be curved. The cover plate can be rigid or flexible. Flexible cover plates can also be provided in the form of a plane. In the case of a planar (flat) cover plate, the plane is defined by the cover plate itself, and within the meaning of the present invention, this plane is to be understood as the "plane of the cover plate". In the case of a curved cover plate, the local plane can be defined by the (imaginary) plane tangent at any point of this plane, which also falls under the term "plane of the cover plate".

[0023] When illuminated from outside with white light (particularly sunlight), the panel-like component according to the present invention conveys a uniform color impression to the observer in at least one portion, i.e., the panel-like component is colored. Preferably, the colored portion extends over the entire front face of the panel-like component. Panel-like components with a uniform color impression over the entire surface are considered particularly attractive.

[0024] The color of the plate-like component can be described by three color coordinates L*, a*, b*, wherein these color coordinates refer to the (CIE) L*a*b* color space, known per se to those skilled in the art, in which all perceptible colors are precisely defined. This color space is specified in the European standard EN ISO 11664-4 "Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space", to which full reference is made in the description of the present invention. In the (CIE) L*a*b* color space, each color is defined by a color locus with three Cartesian coordinates L*, a*, b*. On the a* axis, green and red are opposite each other, the b* axis runs between blue and yellow, and the L* axis describes the lightness (luminosity) of the color. For a more descriptive representation, these quantities can be converted into the Lhc color space, in which L remains constant, and in the a*b* plane, saturation is the radius, while h is the angle of a color point.

[0025] The color of the plate-like component refers to the color observed from the outside environment, that is, the color observed from the perspective of the front panel glass or cover plate. The color measurement or color coordinate determination of the plate-like component can be carried out in a simple manner using a commercially available colorimeter (spectrophotometer). To this end, the colorimeter is aligned with the front side of the cover plate, in particular placed on the front side. Commonly used color measuring instruments allow color measurements to be carried out according to standards, wherein their design and tolerances generally follow international standards, such as those defined by DIN5033, ISO / CIE 10527, ISO 7724 and ASTM E1347. For example, for color measurement, the DIN 5033 standard is fully referenced. The color measuring instrument has, for example, a xenon flash lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp or one or more LEDs as a light source, wherein the front side of the body is illuminated by the generated light (e.g., white light) and the light received by the plate-like component is measured. As described at the beginning, the body color measured by the colorimeter is generated by the light reflected and diffusely reflected by the plate-like component.

[0026] In order to achieve a uniform color of the plate-like component according to the invention at least in one part, at least one surface of the cover plate (i.e. the front and / or the back) has at least one structured area. In addition, at least one colored filter layer is provided on the cover plate. The at least one color filter layer makes the cover plate a colored cover plate. The at least one color filter layer is used to reflect light in a predetermined or predeterminable wavelength range. The at least one color filter layer is preferably arranged directly on the surface of the cover plate (i.e. without any other intermediate layers). Since the at least one color filter layer produces a colored reflection, it is no longer completely transparent. In the case of darker and less saturated colors, the transmittance of visible light can still be greater than 85%, while in the case of lighter and more saturated colors it is generally less than 85%.

[0027] The color filter layer can be designed with one or more layers, i.e., one or more light refractive layers (refractive layers). The color filter layer is used to produce the color of the cover plate, thereby producing the color of the plate-like assembly. The color filter layer is designed, for example, so that the light reflected at the different interfaces of the color filter layer can interfere constructively or destructively. In this case, the color of the plate-like assembly is produced by the interference of the light reflected at the interface of the color filter layer. As shown below, even an extremely thin layer that is too thin for constructive or destructive interference can be used alone as a color filter by a sudden change in the refractive index and dispersion (dependence of the refractive index on wavelength). In addition, the present invention also uses a material that exhibits partial absorption for a specific sub-range of visible light for the color filter layer. This selective partial absorption also contributes to coloring. Therefore, the coloring layer is generally referred to as a color filter layer in this article.

[0028] When illuminated by (white) light (particularly sunlight), the color filter layer acts as a color filter to produce a uniform color. Preferably, the structured region extends over the entire cover plate (i.e., over the entire surface (front and / or back) of the cover plate), so that the entire plate-like component has a uniform color. The plate-like component can also have a plurality of plate-like component parts, each having a uniform color. The colors of the plate-like component parts can be the same or different from one another.

[0029] At least one structured region has a height profile perpendicular to the plane of the cover sheet, comprising peaks (ridges) and valleys (depressions), with an average height difference between the peaks and valleys of at least 2 μm, and preferably, but not necessarily, at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, and more preferably at most 5%, of the thickness of the cover sheet. Furthermore, at least 50% (preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%) of the structured region of the surface (front and / or back) consists of segments or facets with different inclinations. These segments are portions of the surface of the cover sheet facing the external environment and are each formed as a flat surface inclined relative to the plane of the cover sheet. Here, at least 20% of the segments have an inclination ranging from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15°, and at least 30% of the segments have an inclination ranging from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°, relative to the plane of the cover sheet. Advantageously, but not necessarily, less than 30% of the segments have an inclination greater than 45°. These structures are preferably aperiodic and anisotropic. However, periodic and anisotropic structures can also be used for special optical effects.

[0030] Furthermore, each segment is planar and has a thickness of at least 1 μm 2Furthermore, in at least one segment (i.e., a partial region) of the structured region, the average roughness of each segment is less than 15% (preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%) of the layer thickness of the color filter layer applied to the structured region. If the color filter layer is composed of multiple refractive index layers, the segments of at least one segment each have an average roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness of the refractive index layer with the smallest layer thickness. Each segment having an average roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness of the color filter layer can correspond to the structured region, i.e., the segment and the structured region are identical. The structured region can be formed, for example, by etching, sandblasting, or rolling the cover plate.

[0031] Thus, at least one structured area of ​​the cover plate has a plurality of planar segments. For the purposes of the present invention, the planar segments can be formed by non-curved surfaces. However, the planar segments can also be formed by slightly curved surfaces. A segment is slightly curved within the meaning of the present invention if, for each point of the segment, the following applies: if a surface with an area of ​​1 μm is formed at a point of the segment, 2 If the (imaginary) tangent plane of the segment is tangent to the tangent plane, the distance between the area of ​​the segment and the tangent plane (relative to the normal direction of the tangent plane) is less than 50 nm.

[0032] For the purposes of the present invention, the terms “structured” or “structured region” in the context of the plate-like component refer to a region of the front or back side of the cover plate in which the above-mentioned features are present in combined form.

[0033] Due to the characteristics of the structured area, the following can be advantageously achieved: when the cover sheet is illuminated with light, the light is reflected with a relatively high intensity even when viewed outside the gloss angle (the angle of incidence of the incident light corresponds to the angle of reflection of the reflected light relative to the plane of the colored cover sheet). This is due to the presence of segments with different inclination angles, which are present in a sufficient number, with suitable sizes and inclination angles to achieve high light reflection even when viewed outside the gloss angle. There is always a sufficient number of inclined segments to scatter light with sufficient intensity in directions outside the gloss angle of the colored cover sheet when the external structure is based on refraction and the internal structure is based on reflection.

[0034] As used herein and elsewhere, the term "gloss angle" refers to the normal to the plane of the tinted cover sheet, as opposed to the "local gloss angle" (which refers to the normal to the plane of the segment). The gloss angle and the local gloss angle can be the same (the segment is parallel to the plane of the tinted first panel), but are typically different (the segment is tilted relative to the plane of the tinted cover sheet).

[0035] As a result, it is possible to achieve a relatively high intensity of light that is not reflected (i.e., scattered) within the gloss angle, which has only a low angular dependence with respect to the direction of incidence and observation compared to a reflective surface without such structured areas. The color filter layer, depending on the refractive index and layer thickness of the color filter layer, can be used to color-select the light reflected outside the gloss angle, resulting in a uniform color with a relatively low angular dependence on the surface of the colored cover plate. The color filter layer acts as a color filter with a minimal reflectivity range and a broadband transmittance.

[0036] In this respect, it is advantageous if the structured region has a height profile with an average height difference between peaks and valleys of at least 2 μm (preferably at least 10 μm, particularly preferably at least 15 μm). Such a structured region can be produced by etching a cover plate (for example, a glass cover plate). In this respect, it is also advantageous if the structured region has a height profile with an average height difference between peaks and valleys of at least 50 μm (preferably at least 100 μm). Such a structured region can be produced by rolling a colored cover plate (for example, made of glass). The present invention therefore advantageously extends to a plate-like component, the at least one structured region of the colored cover plate of which is produced by etching or rolling, whereby the height profile can be produced.

[0037] However, these structures can also be formed by applying a transparent structured layer to the colored cover plate. In this case, this layer must have the same (or at least very similar) refractive index as the cover plate. According to the invention, structuring the cover plate surface should also include the application of such a transparent structured layer.

[0038] The above-mentioned properties of the structured region of the pigmented cover sheet can be measured by means of conventional measuring instruments, such as a microscope, in particular a confocal microscope, or a stylus profilometer.

[0039] Preferably, at least one structured area of ​​the (uncoated) cover sheet of the sheet-like component according to the invention ensures that a reflected light brightness L of at least 10 occurs at an observation angle of 45° and 15° (in each case relative to the plane of the cover sheet) and at an angle of incidence of 45° (in both directions) deviating from the corresponding gloss angle. Preferably, the reflected light brightness L is at least 15, more preferably at least 20. In this measurement, a black cover is applied to the (uncoated) cover sheet, facing away from the side to be characterized (i.e. the back side). The measurement is carried out with a D65 emitter and the brightness L is measured using a commercially available multi-angle colorimeter (aperture angle of 10°). In combination with Figure 26 The measurement setup is described in more detail. In this case, full reference is made to the European standard EN ISO 11664-4.

[0040] When illuminated by white light (e.g. sunlight), the color of the plate-like component is produced by the color selected by the at least one color filter layer, which is combined with the background color of the back element. Thus, the overall impression is produced by the selected color and the background color.

[0041] The plate-shaped component has at least one planar back element on its back side. Preferably, the at least one planar back element is opaque or translucent. The planar back element is arranged on the back side of the plate-shaped component, that is, in the direction of light incidence behind the cover plate.

[0042] At least one back element contributes to the coloring of the plate-like component. For this purpose, the back element is, for example, achromatic, dark, and matte. The back element can also be colored so as to impart a certain (predetermined or predeterminable) color impression to the plate-like component in combination with at least one colored filter layer provided on the cover plate.

[0043] As already explained, the cover panel has a front side facing the outside environment and an opposite back side. When the plate-like assembly is installed in the facade, the front side of the corresponding panel faces the outside environment. At least one planar back element has a contact surface that is firmly connected to the back side of the cover panel.

[0044] For example, the at least one planar back element covers at least 70%, at least 90%, or at least 99% of the back of the cover plate. In particular, the planar back element covers the entire back of the cover plate (100%, i.e., complete coverage). However, the at least one planar back element may also cover less than 70% (in particular, less than 50%) of the back of the cover plate.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment of the plate-shaped assembly according to the invention, at least one planar back element is designed to be photovoltaically active, ie suitable for generating electrical energy from sunlight. Thus, the colored plate-shaped assembly can be used in an advantageous manner for photovoltaic power generation.

[0046] At least one planar back element can be photovoltaically active or inactive. If the back element is photovoltaically active and has characteristics such as CIGS thin-film solar cells, these contribute to the overall color. CIGS thin-film solar cells are typically bluish-black.

[0047] Preferably, the photovoltaically active back element is a carrier substrate (panel) on which the tandem solar cells are applied, wherein the carrier substrate is firmly connected directly (ie without an intermediate panel) to the cover sheet, preferably via an intermediate layer (eg by lamination).

[0048] In principle, it can be any type of solar cell, in particular wafer-based silicon-based solar cells (solar cells on a carrier substrate in a superstrate configuration) or monolithically integrated thin-film solar cells connected in series (solar cells on a carrier substrate in a substrate or superstrate configuration). Preferably, these are monolithically integrated thin-film solar cells connected in series.

[0049] By laminating the cover sheet with the carrier substrate and the applied solar cells, a (thin-film) solar cell module with a composite pane structure is produced. The interlayer is preferably a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer interlayer (e.g., PVB or EVA). Bonding can also be performed using transparent silicone resins or casting resins.

[0050] The photovoltaically active back element preferably comprises thin-film solar cells in a substrate configuration in which the layered structure used to form the solar cells is deposited on the surface of a carrier substrate facing the light entrance side. In line with common usage, the term "thin-film solar cell" refers to a layered structure having a relatively small thickness, for example, a few micrometers, so the supporting substrate needs to have sufficient mechanical strength. The carrier substrate can, for example, consist of inorganic glass or plastic and, depending on the respective layer thickness and the specific material properties, can be designed as a rigid plate or a flexible film. Preferably, the carrier substrate is made of glass.

[0051] In thin-film solar cells, the layered structure comprises a back electrode layer, a front electrode layer, and a photovoltaically active absorber layer arranged between the back and front electrode layers. The front electrode layer is optically transparent, as light must be able to pass through to reach the layered structure. The optically transparent front electrode layer typically comprises or consists of a doped metal oxide (TCO = transparent conductive oxide), for example, n-type, especially aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO).

[0052] Preferably, the photovoltaically active absorption layer comprises or consists of a chalcopyrite semiconductor, which is advantageously a ternary I-III-VI compound semiconductor selected from the group consisting of copper indium / gallium selenide / sulfur (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2). In the above formula, indium and gallium can each be present alone or in combination. The same applies to sulfur and selenium, which can each be present alone or in combination. Particularly suitable materials for the absorption layer are CIS (copper indium selenide / sulfur) or CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide, copper indium gallium sulfide or copper indium gallium selenide sulfide). The absorption layer typically has a doping of a first conductivity type (charge carrier type), while the front electrode has a doping of the opposite conductivity type. Typically, the absorption layer is p-type (p-doped), i.e. has an excess of deficient electrons (holes), while the front electrode layer is n-type (n-doped), so that there are an excess of free electrons. A buffer layer is typically arranged between the absorption layer and the front electrode layer. This applies in particular to absorber layers based on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2, where a buffer layer is usually required between the p-type Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorber layer and the n-type front electrode. According to current knowledge, the buffer layer enables electronic matching between the absorber and the front electrode. It also provides protection against sputtering damage during the subsequent process steps of depositing the front electrode, for example by DC magnetron sputtering. The sequence of n-type front electrode layer, buffer layer and p-type absorber layer forms a pn heterojunction, i.e. a junction between layers of opposite conductivity types. For example, the photovoltaically active absorber layer can also consist of cadmium telluride (CdTe) or amorphous silicon and / or microcrystalline silicon.

[0053] In a layered structure, series-connected solar cells are formed by structured segments. Thus, at least the back electrode layer is divided by a first structuring line (P1 line) into parts completely separated from each other, which parts form the back electrode of the solar cell. In addition, at least the absorption layer is divided by a second structuring line (P2 line) into parts completely separated from each other, which parts form the absorber of the solar cell, and at least the front electrode layer is divided by a third structuring line (P3 line) into parts completely separated from each other, which parts form the front electrode of the solar cell. Adjacent solar cells are electrically connected to each other via the conductive material in the second patterned line in series, wherein the front electrode of the solar cell is electrically connected to the back electrode of the adjacent solar cell and is usually, but not necessarily, in direct contact with the latter. Each patterned segment comprises three patterned lines P1, P2, P3 in direct sequence, and each patterned line is arranged in this order.

[0054] Thin-film solar modules based on amorphous silicon and / or microcrystalline silicon and CdTe are mostly constructed in a superstrate configuration. Therefore, the thin-film solar cells are arranged on the light-incident surface of the glass. On the back side, a second glass is usually provided for climate-stable encapsulation. In this configuration, they can also be connected, as in one of the embodiments shown here, to form colored panel-shaped modules, as colored solar modules or colored facade elements.

[0055] In line with common usage, the term "solar cell" in thin-film solar cells refers to a region of the layered structure that includes a front electrode, a photovoltaically active absorber, and a back electrode, and is bounded by two adjacent patterned sections. Each solar cell has an optically active section that includes the stacked back electrode, absorber, and front electrode, and is capable of photoelectrically converting light into electrical current.

[0056] The planar back element is firmly connected to the cover plate.The planar back element itself can have a color, so that the color of the back element affects the overall color of the plate-like component.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the panel assembly according to the invention, the back element has a mechanical support panel. This measure enables the panel assembly to withstand higher wind loads. Preferably, the mechanical support panel is firmly connected to the cover panel via an intermediate layer.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the plate-shaped assembly according to the invention, the planar back element is photovoltaically passive, ie not suitable for generating electrical energy from sunlight.

[0059] The photovoltaic inert back element is formed, for example, in the form of a coating (especially an opaque coating) on ​​the back of the cover plate. Similarly, the back element can be formed, for example, in the form of a foil (especially an opaque foil) securely bonded to the back of the cover plate (or, for example, a plate-shaped rigid body (uncoated), especially an opaque rigid body). The rigid body can be a supporting body or a non-supporting body, and as a supporting body, it can especially be a supporting plate. The film or body can be bonded to the cover plate using a transparent adhesive (especially a transparent adhesive film).

[0060] In particular, the color of the photovoltaically inert planar back element can be selected to correspond to the opaque background of a colored solar cell module, i.e., the back element can have a color corresponding to that of an optically active solar cell. Preferably, the photovoltaically inert planar back element is achromatic, dark, and matte. The color impression and its angular dependence of the panel-shaped module can then be well matched, in particular, to correspondingly manufactured colored solar cell modules based on thin-film solar modules. These characteristics can be described as follows:

[0061] The L value is at most 50, preferably less than 45 or less than 40;

[0062] The chromaticity c=(a2+b2)1 / 2 is at most 5, preferably less than 2 or more preferably less than 1.5.

[0063] To avoid gloss, the following additional requirements may be added:

[0064] The reflection haze is at least 90%, wherein the reflection haze is the ratio of diffuse reflected light to total reflected light.

[0065] Various embodiments of the colored cover sheet of the plate-like assembly according to the present invention are described below.

[0066] According to one embodiment of the plate-like assembly (hereinafter referred to as "Type I" for ease of reference), the front side of the colored cover plate has at least one structured area, on which a colored (transparent or semi-transparent) filter layer is arranged for reflecting light within a predetermined or predeterminable wavelength range. The filter layer is preferably arranged directly on the front side of the cover plate (i.e., without any other intermediate layers).

[0067] In the above-described embodiment according to type I, it can be advantageous if the rear side of the colored cover plate has no structured area and no color filter layer. The rear side is then preferably smooth (within the limits of production tolerances).

[0068] In the above-described embodiment according to type I, it may be further advantageous if the back side of the colored cover plate does not have a structured area, wherein a further color filter layer is provided on the back side of the colored cover plate for reflecting light in a predetermined wavelength range. The back side is preferably smooth (within the range of production tolerances). The two color filter layers can be identical or different from one another. In particular, the two color filter layers can be designed to reflect light in the same wavelength range. However, the two color filter layers can also be designed to reflect light in different or only partially overlapping wavelength ranges. The layer thickness and the refractive index of the two color filter layers can be identical or different from one another. By means of this measure, the color of the plate-shaped component can be better defined. In addition, mixed colors can be produced.

[0069] In the above-described Type I embodiment, it can be further advantageous if the back surface has at least one structured area on which a color filter layer is applied for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range. The structured area on the back surface and the structured area on the front surface can be identical or different. The thickness and refractive index of the two color filter layers can be identical or different. This measure can also be used to further define the color of the plate-like component. Furthermore, mixed colors can be produced.

[0070] In plate-like components according to type I, when light strikes the structured front side of the cover plate with the interference layer, even outside the gloss angle, a color with high intensity and low angular dependence is generated due to reflection, transmission, partial absorption, and interference. Additional color filter layers and / or structures on the rear side of the cover plate can further enhance this effect.

[0071] According to another embodiment of the plate-shaped component (hereinafter referred to as "Type II" for ease of reference), a colored (transparent or translucent) filter layer is provided on the back side of the colored cover plate for reflecting light within a predetermined or predeterminable wavelength range. The filter layer is preferably provided directly on the back side of the colored cover plate (i.e. without any other intermediate layers). Furthermore, the back side and / or the front side of the colored cover plate each have at least one structured area, provided that the front side has at least one structured area or that another filter layer for reflecting light within a predetermined or predeterminable wavelength range is provided on the front side. The filter layer is preferably provided directly on the front side of the colored cover plate (i.e. without any other intermediate layers). This means that if the front side has at least one structured area, no filter layer is provided on the front side.

[0072] Therefore, incident light must pass through the cover plate at least once and be reflected at the inner color filter layer in order to achieve the desired color with improved angular stability. Due to the inner and / or outer structured surface of the colored cover plate, light with a higher intensity and lower angular dependence is also reflected outside the gloss angle, since the inner color filter layer represents a boundary surface with a higher refractive index. Due to the outer structured design, the light is already refracted at the interface between air and the panel and diffusely scattered onto the inner color filter layer from various angles. Diffuse reflection only occurs at this inner interface in the case of inner structuring, since, according to the present invention, there are numerous surface segments with different inclination angles. Furthermore, the color filter layer achieves a good, uniform color impression. The color filter layer thus acts as a color filter with a minimal range of reflectivity and a maximum range of transmittance.

[0073] In the above-mentioned type II embodiment, it may be advantageous if the color filter layer is arranged on the back of the colored cover plate, wherein the back of the colored cover plate has no structured area and the front of the colored cover plate has at least one structured area, wherein no other color filter layer is arranged on the front of the colored cover plate. The back is preferably smooth (within the range of production tolerances). There are no roughness conditions for the segmentation of the structured area on the front of the plate-shaped component. The structured front surface can also have a larger micro-roughness. At this interface, only transmission, refraction and scattering occur, and no interference occurs. In this embodiment of the plate-shaped component according to the present invention, it may be advantageous if the front of the colored cover plate is coated with an anti-reflection layer (for example, a thinner one) with an optical refractive index lower than that of the colored cover plate. This can suppress the essentially achromatic reflection of the colored cover plate (for example, glass) and increase the saturation of the color. However, the additional layer on the front of the cover plate can also have the same refractive index as the cover plate. In this case, the layer only serves to protect the colored cover plate from moisture and other corrosive components in the air. Compared to flat glass or rolled glass, etched polished glass shows a higher sensitivity to moisture and heat. In the case of etched soda-lime glass, the additional layer can be, for example, a thinner sputtered SiO2 layer.

[0074] In the above-mentioned type II embodiment, it may be further advantageous if the color filter layer is arranged on the back side of the colored cover plate, wherein the back side of the colored cover plate has at least one structured area and the front side has at least one structured area, wherein no other color filter layer is arranged on the front side of the colored cover plate. The structured area on the back side of the colored cover plate and the structured area on the front side can be the same or different from each other. There is no roughness condition for the segmentation of the structured area on the front side. The structured front side can also have a larger microscopic roughness. At this interface, only transmission, refraction and scattering occur, and no interference occurs. Because the color filter layer is placed on the structured area, the above-mentioned roughness condition is applicable for the segmentation of the structured area on the back side. If the front side is structured and the color filter layer is on the back side, the angular stability comes from the fact that light is refracted at different segments at different inclination angles while entering through the structured front side, irradiates the color filter layer at different angles, and passes through the structured front side again while exiting from the colored cover plate after interference, partial absorption and reflection, thereby changing its direction again by refraction.

[0075] In the above-mentioned type II embodiment of the plate-like component, it may be further advantageous if the color filter layer is arranged on the back side of the colored cover plate, wherein the back side of the colored cover plate has at least one structured area, while the front side of the colored cover plate has no structured area, wherein no further color filter layer is arranged on the front side of the colored cover plate. The front side is preferably smooth (within the range of production tolerances). Since the color filter layer is arranged on the structured area, the above-mentioned roughness conditions apply for the segmentation of the structured area on the back side. In this embodiment of the plate-like component according to the invention, it may be advantageous if the front side of the colored cover plate is coated with an antireflection layer (e.g., thinner) with a refractive index lower than that of the cover plate. This can suppress the essentially white reflection of the glass cover plate and increase the saturation of the color.

[0076] In the above-mentioned type II embodiment, if the back side of the colored cover plate has at least one structured area and the front side does not have a structured area, it may be further advantageous if another color filter layer is provided on the front side of the colored cover plate. The front side is preferably smooth (within the range of production errors). Since the color filter layer is provided on the structured area, the above-mentioned roughness conditions apply to the segmentation of the structured area on the back side. The two color filter layers can be identical or different from each other. In particular, the two color filter layers can be designed to reflect light within the same wavelength range. However, the two color filter layers can also be designed to reflect light within different or only partially overlapping wavelength ranges. The color filter layer on the smooth outside can also be a color-neutral antireflection layer to reduce the white component of the total reflected light. The color is generated by reflection on the structured inside with the color filter layer. However, the color filter layer on the smooth outside can also be a color-producing layer that enhances the color generated on the inside or mixes another color component within a different wavelength range with it.

[0077] Therefore, the incident light must pass through the colored cover plate at least once and must be reflected by the internal color filter layer in order to obtain the desired color with improved angular stability after exiting the front side of the colored cover plate.

[0078] In the plate-shaped component according to the invention, light is reflected by the structured cover sheet with high intensity and low angle dependence even outside the gloss angle.The at least one color filter layer with a tinting effect produces a very homogeneous color impression.

[0079] In an advantageous embodiment of the sheet-like component according to the invention, at least 80% (particularly preferably at least 90%) of the structured area of ​​the front or back side (depending on which surface is structured) of the colored cover sheet consists of segments that are inclined relative to the plane of the colored cover sheet. By increasing the number of segments, the intensity of the light reflected from the structured area of ​​the colored cover sheet surface and its angular stability can be further increased, even outside the gloss angle.

[0080] In an advantageous embodiment of the plate-like component according to the invention, the inclination angle of the (surface) segments relative to the cover plane (glass plane) is between 0° and 45°. At least 50% (preferably 70%) of the inclined segments should have an angle of attack of less than 25°. The distribution of the angles of attack should have a frequency maximum in the angular range of 0° to 35° (preferably in the angular range of 0° to 25°), which lies in the range of 5° to 25°, preferably between 10° and 20°. Furthermore, the proportion of non-inclined surfaces (angle of attack = 0°) should be less than 5% of the total angular distribution.

[0081] In an advantageous embodiment of the plate-like component according to the invention, the aspect ratio of the width (B) to the height (H) of the structure (segment) is at least B:H>2:1 and B:H<50:1, preferably B:H>3:1 and B:H<10:1.

[0082] In another advantageous embodiment of the plate-like component according to the present invention, at least 30% of the segments of at least one structured region have an inclination angle ranging from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15°, at least 40% of the segments have an inclination angle ranging from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°, and preferably, but not necessarily, less than 10% of the segments have an inclination angle greater than 45°. If there are a relatively large number of facets with small inclination angles less than 10°, then at observation angles close to the gloss angle, essentially only reflected light intensity appears (as in the case of unstructured surfaces), which is undesirable according to the present invention. Under these conditions, very high reflected light intensity can be achieved even outside the gloss angle, with a particularly low angular dependence of the intensity. These structures are preferably aperiodic and anisotropic. However, periodic and / or anisotropic structures can also be used for special optical effects. Periodic and anisotropic structures, such as pyramidal structures, quadrilateral or hexagonal honeycomb structures, or hemispherical structures, can be easily formed using rollers during the glass drawing process. These periodic and anisotropic structures can be used to produce attractive gloss and color effects. If the surface structure satisfies the above-mentioned conditions, the plate-shaped component again exhibits a significant reduction in gloss for angles outside the gloss angle, but the angular dependence is anisotropic with respect to the orientation in the plane of the cover plate.

[0083] At least one color filter layer may include one or more refractive layers and, in particular, consist of these refractive layers. The refractive layers are composed of the same material (have the same composition) and, in particular, have a uniform (same) refractive index over the entire layer thickness. If the color filter layer includes a plurality of refractive layers, at least two refractive layers are composed of different materials and have different refractive indices.

[0084] At least one color filter layer comprises at least one refractive layer made of a highly refractive and partially transparent material, hereinafter referred to as a "high-refractive layer," abbreviated as "HTM." The high-refractive layer (HTM) consists of a material having a refractive index n greater than 2.5 in the wavelength range from 400 nm to at least 700 nm and an extinction coefficient of at least 0.2 below 450 nm and less than 0.2 (preferably less than 0.1) above 700 nm. This makes it possible to produce colored plate-shaped components in a particularly advantageous manner, such as white or red, but other colors are also possible.

[0085] According to an advantageous embodiment of the plate-shaped component according to the invention, for the production of a white or red color of the plate-shaped component, the extinction coefficient of the at least one high-refractive layer above 500 nm is less than 0.2, preferably less than 0.1.

[0086] According to another advantageous embodiment of the plate-like component according to the invention, for producing a white or red color of the plate-like component, at least one high-refractive layer has a refractive index n greater than 3.0, preferably greater than 3.5, in the wavelength range from 400 nm to at least 700 nm.

[0087] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the pane-shaped component according to the invention, the layer thickness of the at least one high-refractive index layer for producing the white or red color of the pane-shaped component is in the range from 5 nm to 300 nm, preferably in the range from 5 nm to 40 nm.

[0088] According to another advantageous embodiment of the plate-like component according to the invention, for producing the white color of the plate-like component, at least one high-refractive index layer has a refractive index n greater than 3.0 (preferably greater than 3.5) in the wavelength range of 400 nm to at least 700 nm and a layer thickness in the range of 5 nm to 40 nm.

[0089] For example, the high refractive index layer includes at least one material selected from the following: crystalline silicon or microcrystalline silicon Si, amorphous a-Si:H (amorphous hydrogen passivated silicon), a-SiC:H (amorphous hydrogen passivated silicon carbide), a-SiO:H (amorphous hydrogen passivated silicon oxide), a-SiGe:H, silicon-rich SixNy, silicon-rich Si x N y O z (y>z), Cu2O and Fe2O3. The high refractive index layer can also be composed of at least one selected material.

[0090] According to another advantageous embodiment of the plate-like assembly according to the invention, at least one color filter layer comprises at least one refractive layer made of a transparent dielectric material with a refractive index less than 2.5, hereinafter referred to as "low-refractive-index refractive layer", abbreviated to "TD".

[0091] For example, the low refractive index layer (TD) comprises a ZrO x At least one compound selected from SiC, Si3N4, MgF2, Al2O3, SiO2 and silicon oxynitride. These compounds have relatively low refractive index. The low refractive index layer can also be composed of at least one selected compound.

[0092] According to an advantageous embodiment of the plate-shaped component according to the invention, the layer thickness of the at least one low-refractive-index layer is greater than 10 nm and less than 250 nm.

[0093] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the plate-shaped assembly according to the invention, at least one color filter layer has a double layer comprising a high-refractive-index layer and a low-refractive-index layer.

[0094] According to another advantageous embodiment of the plate-shaped component according to the invention, at least one color filter layer has three layers, wherein one high refractive index layer is arranged between two low refractive index layers or one low refractive index layer is arranged between two high refractive index layers.

[0095] According to another advantageous embodiment of the plate-shaped component according to the invention, at least one color filter layer has four layers, wherein two high refractive index layers and two low refractive index layers are arranged in an alternating order, one high refractive index layer is arranged between two low refractive index layers, and one low refractive index layer is arranged between two high refractive index layers.

[0096] According to another advantageous embodiment of the plate-shaped assembly according to the invention, at least one color filter layer is formed such that:

[0097] The resistance at a voltage of 1000 V and a measuring electrode distance of 2 cm in sunlight is not less than 10 GOhm, preferably not less than 100 GOhm; and

[0098] Dark resistance greater than 10 10 Ωcm, preferably greater than 10 11 Ωcm.

[0099] In the at least one structured area of ​​the colored cover sheet, relatively high-intensity reflection of incident light also occurs outside the gloss angle. For this purpose, the structured area is preferably designed such that a reflection haze of greater than 50% (particularly preferably greater than 90%) is present. Reflection haze can be measured using commercially available haze meters. According to ASTM D1003, haze is the ratio of the diffuse component of reflected light to total reflection.

[0100] In the plate-like component according to the invention, at least one section is provided in which the average roughness of the segments is less than 15% of the thickness of the color filter layer on the front side, thereby enabling constructive or destructive interference of the reflected light. Advantageously, this section extends over the entire colored cover plate. According to one embodiment, the structured area has at least one further section, i.e., a (partial) area, in which the segments each have an average roughness such that no interference with the color filter layer occurs. For example, the average roughness of the segments here is 50% to 100% of the thickness of the color filter layer. In these sections, the plate-like component does not have the color generated by the color filter layer.

[0101] The various embodiments of the present invention can be realized individually or in any combination. In particular, the above-mentioned features and the features to be described below can be used not only in the combination shown, but also in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0102] The present invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are shown in a simplified and not to scale manner:

[0103] Figures 1 to 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of various embodiments of plate-like assemblies according to the present invention;

[0104] Figure 5 and Figure 6 are various schematic diagrams used to characterize the front glass;

[0105] Figure 7 and Figure 8 It is the increasingly silicon-rich Si on flat float glass. x N y Reflection and absorption spectra of layers;

[0106] Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a colored cover plate according to one embodiment of a plate-like assembly of the present invention;

[0107] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of typical lighting conditions on a plate-like component according to the present invention;

[0108] Figures 11 to 14 is Figure 9 Schematic diagram of an exemplary light path with reflections in a structured area of ​​a colored cover sheet;

[0109] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of light interference in the color filter layer;

[0110] Figure 16 and Figure 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a colored cover plate of a plate-like assembly according to the present invention;

[0111] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary light path when reflected from a tinted cover plate;

[0112] Figure 19 and Figure 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a colored cover plate of a plate-like assembly according to the present invention;

[0113] Figure 21 is Figure 20 Schematic diagram of an exemplary light path when reflected in a structured area of ​​a plate-like component;

[0114] Figure 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a colored cover plate of a plate-like assembly according to the present invention;

[0115] Figure 23 When Figure 22 A schematic diagram of an exemplary light path when reflected by a colored cover plate of a plate-like component;

[0116] Figure 24 and Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a colored cover plate of a plate-like assembly according to the present invention; and

[0117] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the measurement process for multi-angle color measurement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0118] Figures 1 to 4 Various embodiments of a panel assembly are schematically shown based on a cross-sectional view (a section perpendicular to the panel assembly surface), generally designated by reference numeral 1. The panel assembly 1 is intended, for example, to be installed in a facade. The facade can be the outer skin of a building or the covering of another structure, such as a noise barrier, a screen, a bridge, or a tower. The panel assembly can also be designed as a colored solar cell assembly for installation on rooftops or in open spaces.

[0119] The panel assembly 1 comprises a transparent, tinted cover plate 2 and a back element 14 securely connected to the cover plate 2. The cover plate 2 is, for example, a glass pane and is preferably made of a glass having a low absorption rate, such as soda-lime glass. The cover plate 2 is provided with at least one textured area and at least one color filter layer for tinting the panel assembly 1, as will be described in detail below.

[0120] exist Figure 1In an embodiment of the present invention, the plate-shaped component 1 is a photovoltaically active plate-shaped component 1 suitable for generating electrical energy from sunlight. The plate-shaped component 1 is in the form of a solar cell component 20. In addition to the cover plate 2, the plate-shaped component 1 also includes a carrier substrate 16 (glass pane), which is here, for example, made of glass, and on which a plurality of solar cells 18 connected in series are formed. The carrier substrate 16 is firmly connected to the cover plate 2 via an intermediate layer 13 (for example, by lamination). The cover plate 2 and the carrier substrate 16 form a composite pane 15. The intermediate layer 13 is preferably a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer intermediate layer (for example, PVB or EVA). Preferably, the solar cell 18 is a thin-film solar cell, in which the photovoltaically active absorption layer consists of a chalcopyrite semiconductor, in particular a ternary I-III-VI compound semiconductor made of the copper indium / gallium selenide / sulfur (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2) group.

[0121] The plate-like component 1 has a front side V and a rear side R viewed from the external environment (light incident side). For the purposes of the present invention, the external environment is considered to be the surrounding area U of the front side V of the plate-like component 1 (respectively at Figures 1 to 4 The surrounding area above the plate-shaped component 1).

[0122] The colored cover plate 2 comprises a front side 4 facing the external environment U and an opposite rear side 5 facing away from the external environment U. For the purposes of the present invention, surfaces are referred to as "front sides" if they face the external environment U. Thus, surfaces facing away from the external environment U are referred to as "rear sides".

[0123] Figure 2 An embodiment is shown in which the panel component 1 is a photovoltaic passive panel component 1. Here, the cover plate 2 is firmly connected to an opaque back element 14. Here, the back element 14 is formed, for example, as a full-surface coating on the back side 5 of the cover plate 2. Similarly, the back element 14 can be formed, for example, in the form of a film (especially an opaque film) firmly connected to the back side 5 of the cover plate 2, or in the form of a rigid body (especially an opaque rigid body) (for example, in the form of a flat plate).

[0124] Figure 3 An embodiment is shown in which the panel assembly 1 is a photovoltaically active panel assembly 1. The panel assembly 1 comprises a cover panel 2 and a mechanical support panel 3, which are securely connected to one another via an intermediate layer 13 (e.g., by lamination). The cover panel 2 and the mechanical support panel 3 are, for example, glass panels and are preferably made of glass with a low absorption rate, such as soda-lime glass. This forms a composite panel 15. Depending on the structural requirements, the two panels 2, 3 are preferably made of processed glass, such as heat-tempered glass, so-called tempered safety glass (ESG), or heat-strengthened glass (TVG).

[0125] The mechanical support panels 3 serve to mechanically support (ie reinforce) the tinted cover panels 2 and contribute significantly to the mechanical stability of the panel assembly 1 , enabling it to withstand greater wind loads.

[0126] exist Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the colored cover plate 2 is thinner than the mechanical support panel 3. For example, the cover plate has a panel thickness in the range of 2 mm to 4 mm. The mechanical support panel 3 is thicker than the cover plate 2 and has a panel thickness of, for example, more than 4 mm.

[0127] The mechanical support panel 3 has a front face 4' and a back face 5'. The back face 5' is directly and securely bonded (e.g., by lamination) to the carrier substrate 16 via another intermediate layer 13', i.e., without an intermediate panel. Thus, the mechanical support panel 3 and the carrier substrate 16 form another composite panel 15'. Overall, this forms a composite panel structure in which the three panels are securely bonded to one another by lamination. The further intermediate layer 13' is preferably a thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer intermediate layer (e.g., PVB or EVA).

[0128] Figure 4 Shown Figure 3 A variation of Figure 3 The design differs in that the mechanical support panel 3 is thinner than the cover panel 2. Furthermore, it is smaller than the cover panel 2 and has dimensions corresponding to the carrier substrate 16. The mechanical support panel 3 is designed here as a cover panel for the carrier substrate 16 with solar cells 18. During the production of the panel-shaped module 1, the solar cell module 20, comprising the mechanical support panel 3 as a cover panel and the carrier substrate 16 with solar cells 18, can be laminated onto the cover panel 2. This can be advantageous from a process engineering perspective because the solar cell module 20 can be prefabricated. The back element 14 then corresponds to the complete solar cell module 20. The dimensions of the solar cell module 20 in the plane of the carrier substrate 16 are smaller than those of the cover panel 2, effectively protecting the solar cell module 20 from external influences. Alternatively, the cover panel 2 can be formed as a front pane for the solar cell module 20 (having the same dimensions as the carrier substrate 16), and the solar cell module 20 can then be securely connected to a second mechanical support panel 3 positioned in the front.

[0129] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the embodiment of the invention, the masking layer 19 is arranged behind the last color filter layer (see below), that is, behind the colored cover plate 2. Figure 3 and Figure 4In each case, a masking layer 19 is applied to the back side 5 of the cover sheet 2. The masking layer 19 only partially covers the back side 5, thereby covering the photovoltaically inactive area. The photovoltaically active area of ​​the solar cells 18 is not covered. This improves the appearance of the panel-shaped assembly 1.

[0130] According to an embodiment of the plate-shaped component 1, the front side 4 and / or the back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2 is structured (for example by etching, sandblasting or rolling during the drawing process) and has at least one color filter layer, which is Figures 1 to 4 This is not shown in the figure. This will be described in more detail below.

[0131] Figure 9 FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a plate-shaped component 1 according to the invention, wherein only a colored cover plate 2 with an exemplary structural design is shown. The plate-shaped component 1 can be designed in particular as follows Figures 1 to 4 As shown. Thus, the front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 is structured in a region 8, which in the present example extends over the entire front side 4, i.e. the front side 4 and the structured region 8 are identical. The color filter layer 9 is arranged directly on the front side 4. In the structured region 8, the front side 4 is provided with a height profile having peaks and valleys. Here, more than 50% of the front side 4 consists of planar segments 10, the planes of which are all inclined relative to the plane of the colored cover plate 2, i.e. at a non-zero angle relative to the plane of the colored cover plate 2. The segments 10 each have a thickness of at least 1 μm. 2 The surface area of ​​the segments and the average roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness d of the color filter layer 9. The average height between the highest point (peak) and the lowest point (valley) of the front surface 4 is at least 2 μm, for example, at most 20% of the thickness of the colored cover plate 2. With respect to the plane of the colored cover plate 2, at least 20% of the segments have an inclination in the range of more than 0° to a maximum of 15°, at least 30% of the segments have an inclination in the range of more than 15° to a maximum of 45°, and less than 30% of the segments 10 have an inclination greater than 45°. Figure 9 In an embodiment example of the present invention, all segments have an inclination angle of maximum 45°.

[0132] The mode of operation of the structured front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 will be described in more detail below. Figure 10, in which typical lighting conditions for a plate-like component 1 are shown by way of example. Thus, light from the sun S strikes the tinted cover plate 2 directly and is reflected at a gloss angle. An incident light beam E and a light beam R reflected at the gloss angle are shown. In addition to the reflected light beam R, the incident light is also diffusely reflected outside the gloss angle. As an example, two diffusely scattered light beams R' are shown. The color effects are produced by reflection, scattering and interference. If an observer B stands in front of the plate-like component 1 (e.g. a facade) and looks perpendicularly at the tinted cover plate 2 in front of him, his eyes rarely encounter the directly reflected light beam R (i.e. the observer is usually not standing at the gloss angle). This is in Figure 10 , where observer B is outside the gloss angle and sees only the diffusely scattered light beam R'. For a smooth surface without structured areas 8, the intensity of the diffusely scattered light beam R' is relatively low and exhibits a strong angular dependence. Only when the diffusely scattered portion is large enough will a clear color with a satisfactory intensity (brightness, L value) be achieved.

[0133] The basic principle of operation of the inclined segments 10 of the structured region 8 is Figure 11 , in which various light paths are shown by way of example for an observer B who is viewing the glass surface or front face 4 of the plate-like component 1 at right angles. Three segments 10 are shown which have different inclinations relative to the schematically shown plane GE of the tinted cover plate 2, and light rays E incident on the segments 10 which are in each case reflected by the segments 10 at a local gloss angle to the observer B (reflected light rays R). The middle segment 10 is arranged parallel to the plane GE, wherein the incident light beam E strikes the segment 10 at right angles and is reflected at right angles to the observer B (reflected light beam R). For the middle segment 10, the gloss angle and the local gloss angle are the same. For two adjacent segments 10, the incident light ray E both makes a non-zero angle with the surface at right angles to the plane GE and also strikes the observer B at a local gloss angle. Due to the different inclinations of the segments 10, light from different directions is in each case reflected at the local gloss angle of the segment 10 to the observer B who is viewing the component surface at right angles. In Figure 11 In the embodiment, the angles of incidence and reflection are at most 45°.

[0134] Figure 12 The diagram shows a situation where an observer B views the plane GE of the colored cover plate 2 at an angle of 45° to the surface normal. Figure 11 As an example, three segments 10 are shown with different inclinations relative to the plane GE of the colored cover plate 2, and in each case light rays E impinging on a segment 10 are reflected by the segment 10 at a local gloss angle to an observer B (reflected rays R). Due to the different inclinations of the segments 10, light from different directions is reflected at a local gloss angle to the observer B at the viewing surface in each case. Figure 12In the embodiment example, the maximum combined angle of incidence and angle of reflection is 67.5°. In principle, the reflected light is blue-shifted at relatively large values ​​of the gloss angle. This blue-shift can be reduced by using a higher refractive index of the color filter layer. Due to the relatively high surface inclination angle, multiple reflections also occur at adjacent facets.

[0135] Figure 13 The case is shown where the light source and the corresponding incident light rays are always inclined at an angle of 45° to the plane GE of the tinted cover plate 2. An observer B observes the surface of the plate-shaped component 1 at different angles. Figure 13 The angle indications in are to be understood as: angle of incidence (with reference to plane GE of the tinted cover plate 2) / angle of observation or angle of reflection (gloss angle deviating from the surface normal on reference plane GE). The degree symbol "°" is not indicated. Figure 13 An example of four segments 10 with different inclinations relative to the plane GE is shown. Only in one segment 10, whose plane is parallel to the plane of the tinted cover plate 2, is the observer B located at a gloss angle relative to the plane GE: 45 / 0. This means that the incident light beam makes an angle of 45° with the plane GE and the angular deviation of the reflected light beam from the gloss angle is zero. For the other segments 10, the observer B is outside the gloss angle. For the two left-hand segments 10 (45 / 90, 45 / 45), the observer observes the surface of the plate-like component 1 at angles of 90° and 45°, respectively, while the light is incident on the plane GE at an angle of 45°. In the case of the right-hand segment 17 (45 / -15), the observer makes an angle of -15° to the gloss angle. Due to the differently inclinations of the segments 10 and the reflections produced at the local gloss angles, light is reflected with sufficient intensity to the observer B even if the observer is not located at the gloss angle relative to the plane GE of the tinted cover plate 2.

[0136] Figure 14 The situation is shown where the observer B always observes the surface of the plate-like component 1 at an angle of 45° to the block surface or plane GE of the colored cover plate 2. Figure 14 In the figure, four segments 10 having different inclinations relative to the plane GE are shown as examples. Only at one segment 10, whose plane is parallel to the plane GE, is the observer B located at the gloss angle: 45 / 0. In the other segments 10, the observer B is located outside the gloss angle. For the two left segments 10 (45 / 90, 45 / 45), the observer B views the surface of the plate-like component 1 at an angle of 45°, while the light is incident with deviations of 90° and 45° relative to the gloss angle, respectively. In the case of the right segment 10 (45 / -15), the light is incident at an angle of -15° relative to the gloss angle. Due to the segments 10 with different inclinations and the reflections generated at the local gloss angles, the light is reflected to the observer B with sufficient intensity even if the light is incident outside the gloss angle.

[0137] In the plate-like component 1 according to the invention, the structuring of the front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 in combination with the colored filter layer 9 makes it possible to achieve a uniform color impression within a predetermined wavelength range, whereby the color impression is much less dependent on the angle than with an unstructured surface.

[0138] Figure 15 Reflections from a color filter layer 9 with a layer thickness d are shown. An incident light beam E is reflected both at the atmosphere-filter interface (R1) and at the filter-disk interface (R2). If the optical path difference between the two light beams R1, R2 corresponds to a multiple of the wavelength of the incident beam, constructive interference occurs; if the optical path difference is a multiple of half a wavelength, destructive interference occurs. When illuminated with white light, the color filter layer 9 thus acts as a color filter, since constructive interference, which depends on the refractive index n and the layer thickness d, only occurs for light of the appropriate wavelength. Here, α is the angle between the reflected rays R1, R2 and the surface normal. Ray R' illustrates reflected light outside the gloss angle, which may appear in the patterned area 15 if the roughness of the filter-panel interface is too high. To meet the interference conditions, the scattering centers must be smaller than the wavelength and the layer thickness, respectively. This can be achieved by the claimed minimum area of ​​the segments and their maximum roughness. However, coloring is also possible if the layer thickness is significantly smaller than the wavelength (e.g. due to the dispersion of the refractive index (dependence of the refractive index on the wavelength) and due to the partial absorption of the high-refractive index materials used according to the invention in a part of the visible spectrum). For these very thin layers, the roughness condition must also be met.

[0139] For example, if the front surface 4 of the colored cover plate 2 is coated with a color filter layer 9 composed of a chemically inert inorganic hard layer (such as Si3N4), this will provide the plate-shaped component 1 with high scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and anti-fouling effects. The use of a photocatalytic layer (such as TiO2) can also produce a self-cleaning effect. Climate tests have also shown that color filter layers made of materials such as Si3N4 or TiO2 can also protect the glass cover plate 2 from corrosion caused by moisture and heat.

[0140] Now refer to Figure 16 , which shows another embodiment of the plate-like component 1 according to the present invention, and also shows only the colored cover plate 2. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, only the Figure 9 For other aspects, please refer to the above description. In this embodiment, the structured area 8 of the front side 4 has a first section 11 and a second section 12. Here, the first section 11 is formed so that the segment 10 has an average roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness d of the color filter layer 9 on the front side 4. Figure 9In the embodiment of , this applies to the entire structured region 8. In contrast, the average roughness in the second section 12 prevents interference in the color filter layer 9. For example, the average roughness of the segment 10 in the second section 12 is greater than 50% of the layer thickness of the color filter layer 9. The plate-shaped component 1 therefore has a uniform color in the first section 11, which is caused by the color filtering effect of the color filter layer 9. In the second section 12, due to the lack of constructive interference, the color filter layer 9 has no color filtering effect, so that there is essentially a surface corresponding to the plate-shaped component without a color filter layer 9. The plate-shaped component 1 can therefore have a uniform color in the first section 11, which can be predefined, as required. Figure 16 In FIG, the second section 12 is schematically shown with a higher roughness.

[0141] Figure 17 Another embodiment of the plate-like assembly 1 according to the invention is shown, wherein only the colored cover plate 2 is shown. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, only the Figure 9 For other aspects, please refer to the above description. Therefore, the plate-like component 1 has a first color filter layer 9 on the front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 on the structured area 8, and a second color filter layer 9' on the back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2. The back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2 is not structured, that is, there is no structured area 8 similar to the front side 4. The back side 5 is smooth within the range of production errors. The layer thickness d' and the optical refractive index n' of the second color filter layer 9' can be the same as those of the first color filter layer 9, but they do not have to be the same. The second color filter layer 9' further enhances the color effect. Reference Figure 9 This embodiment provides a second source of reflection with a color filtering effect because the refractive index of the second color filter layer 9' between the colored cover pane 2 (e.g., glass) and the adhesive layer 6 is greater than that of the first colored pane 2 (e.g., glass) and the adhesive layer 6. Due to the refraction of light, the angle of incidence during the second reflection is smaller. Since the light passes through the color filters three times in total, the light reaching the observer is filtered even more. In particular, the coating thicknesses d, d' and the refractive indices n, n' of the two color filter layers 9, 9' can also differ significantly from each other. In the case of coatings with significantly different optical thicknesses n*d or n'*d', mixed colors can result because the first color filter layer 9 then produces a different reflection spectrum from the second color filter layer 9', and the light reflected by the second color filter layer 9' is superimposed when it passes through the first color filter layer 9 again. This makes it possible to produce color plate-shaped components 1 with multiple colors and high angular stability for colored solar modules and color active and passive facade elements in a very simple and economical manner.

[0142] Figure 18 A highly simplified schematic diagram of the optical paths of incident light E and reflected light R1 , R2 is shown. Figure 18The structuring of the colored cover plate 2 is not shown. Here, only a single light path is shown at a gloss angle relative to the plane of the colored cover plate 2. It can be seen that light that has passed through the first color filter layer 9 is refracted in the colored cover plate 2 (e.g., glass), reflected a second time at the second color filter layer 9', and filtered by interference. Upon leaving the colored cover plate 2, the light passes through the color filter layer 9, thus passing through the color filter layers three times.

[0143] Figure 19 A further embodiment of a plate-like component 1 according to the invention is shown, in which only the colored cover plate 2 is shown. To avoid unnecessary repetitions, only the differences are described; for other aspects, reference is made to the above description. Thus, the plate-like component 1 comprises a first structured area 8 on the front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 and a second structured area 8' on the back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2, wherein a first color filter layer 9 is arranged on the first structured area 8 and a second color filter layer 9' is arranged on the second structured area 8'. The two structured areas 8, 8' can be of the same or different designs. Similarly, the two color filter layers 9, 9' can be formed in the same or different manner, so that in particular the layer thicknesses d, d' and the refractive indices n, n' of the two color filter layers 9, 9' can differ from one another. The color of the plate-like component 1 can be enhanced if an equal optical thickness n*d is selected for the two color filter layers 9, 9'. Mixed colors result when the coatings have significantly different optical thicknesses.

[0144] What these designs have in common is that when light strikes the structured front surface with a color filter layer, even outside the gloss angle, a color with high intensity and low angular dependence is generated through reflection and interference. Additional color filter layers and / or structuring on the rear surface can further enhance this effect.

[0145] Figure 20 A further embodiment of the plate-like component 1 according to the invention is shown through an enlarged section of a colored cover plate 2 of the plate-like component 1. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, only the differences are described; for other aspects, reference is made to the above description. Thus, the front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 is structured in an area 8, which in this example extends over the entire front side 4, i.e. the front side 4 and the structured area 8 are identical. The color filter layer 9 is arranged directly on the back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2. The back side 5 is not structured and is smooth within the limits of production tolerances. There is no color filter layer on the front side 4. For Figure 20 The segments 10 of the structured region 8 of the front side 4 of the plate-shaped component 1 have no roughness conditions.

[0146] Figure 21 More details are shown as follows Figure 20The function of the structured front face 4 in combination with the internal color filter layer 9 is shown. Examples of various light paths for segments 10 of the colored cover plate 2 with different inclinations are shown. Three segments 10 are shown by way of example, where the segment 10 on the right is parallel to the plane of the colored cover plate 2, while the other two segments 10 are at a non-zero angle to the plane of the colored cover plate 2. The reflection of light from the color filter layer 9 is shown in simplified form. The reflection at the color filter layer 9 has already been explained. Figure 21 Figure 2 shows the optical paths of three light beams, each incident at the same angle relative to the normal to the plane of the colored cover plate 2, striking a segment 10 of the front surface 4 of the colored cover plate 2 at a different inclination. The perpendicular to each segment 10 is indicated by a dashed line. Due to the different inclinations of the segments 10, the light is reflected in different ways. The first light beam 1-1 strikes segment 10, passes through the colored cover plate 2, and becomes a refracted light beam 1-2. It is reflected by the color filter layer 9 (at the gloss angle) as light beam 1-3, and then emerges from the colored cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 1-4. Light beam 1-4, ultimately reflected from the colored cover plate 2, has a different angle relative to the normal to the plane of the colored cover plate 2 than the incident light beam 1-1. Therefore, there is no reflection at the gloss angle, only scattering. Similarly, the second light beam 2-1 strikes another segment 10, passes through the colored cover plate 2, and becomes a refracted light beam 2-2. It is reflected by the color filter layer 9 as light beam 2-3, and then emerges from the colored cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 2-4. The reflected light beam 2-4 is emitted from the colored cover plate 2 in a direction approximately opposite to the incident direction of the light beam 2-1. This is also a scattering process rather than a reflection at the gloss angle. The third light beam 3-1 impinges on another segment 10, passes through the colored cover plate 2 and becomes a refracted light beam 3-2. It is reflected by the color filter layer 9 as a light beam 3-3 and is emitted from the colored cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 3-4. The segment 10 is parallel to the plane of the colored cover plate 2, so that the light beam 2-4 is reflected at the gloss angle. What is important here is that due to the refraction at the corresponding segment 10, the subsequent reflection at the interface with the color filter layer 9 and the further refraction at the structured surface, even outside the gloss angle (relative to the plane of the colored cover plate 2), strong reflection occurs overall through those segments 10 that are tilted relative to the plane of the colored cover plate 2, so that a uniform color effect of the reflected light is achieved in combination with the color filter layer 9. Figure 21 An example of the position of an observer B outside the gloss angle is shown. Due to the colored cover plate 2 with its external structured design and the relatively strong (diffuse) scattering of the internal color filter layer, suitable light paths are generally found for different viewing angles outside the gloss angle, having already passed through the color filter layer. This results in a color impression that is less directionally dependent than with conventional cell modules without structured areas 8.

[0147] Now refer to Figure 22, which shows another embodiment of the plate-like component 1 according to the present invention, in which only the colored cover plate 2 is shown. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, only the differences are described, and for other aspects, please refer to the above description. Therefore, the plate-like component 1 has a structured area 8 on the back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2, wherein the color filter layer 9 is arranged on the structured area 8. The color filter layer 9 is very thin and extends along the surface of the structured area 8. The structured area 8 and the color filter layer 9 can be formed similarly to the above-mentioned embodiments. The front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 does not have a structured area 8 and is smooth within the range of production errors. In addition, no color filter layer is arranged on the front side 4. Unlike the segments 10 of the structured area 8 of the front side 4, the color filter layer 9 is arranged on the structured area 8 of the back side 5, so that the segments 10 must meet the following conditions: the segments 10 of the structured area 8 of the back side 5 are all plane and have a thickness of at least 1 μm 2 and has an average roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness of the color filter layer 9 on the back side 5.

[0148] Figure 23 Three different light paths are shown as examples. The reflection of light at the color filter layer 9 is shown again in simplified form. Due to the different inclination angles of the segments 10, the light is reflected from the colored cover plate 2 in different ways. The first light beam 1-1 is irradiated on the front surface 4 of the colored cover plate 2, passes through the colored cover plate 2 as a refracted light beam 1-2, is reflected from the segment 10 inclined relative to the plane of the colored cover plate 2 as a light beam 1-3, and is emitted from the colored cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 1-4. In a corresponding manner, the second light beam 2-1 is irradiated on the front surface 4 of the colored cover plate 2, passes through the colored cover plate 2 as a refracted light beam 2-2, is reflected from the segment 10 parallel to the plane of the colored cover plate 2 as a light beam 2-3, and is emitted from the colored cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 2-4. In a corresponding manner, the third light beam 3-1 impinges on the front surface 4 of the colored cover plate 2, passes through the colored cover plate 2 as a refracted light beam 3-2, is reflected by the segment 10 tilted relative to the plane of the colored cover plate 2 as a light beam 3-3, and is emitted from the colored cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 3-4. Only for the middle segment 10, for the incident light beam 2-1 and the outgoing light beam 2-4, the following condition is satisfied: angle of incidence = angle of reflection (i.e., gloss angle reflection). The other light beams are reflected by the segment 10 at a local gloss angle in each case, however, this local gloss angle does not correspond to the gloss angle of the plane of the colored cover plate 2, so that relatively strong scattering occurs. In combination with the color filter layer 9, a uniform color effect of the plate-like component 1 can be achieved, the direction dependence of which is not very high.

[0149] Figure 24A further embodiment of a plate-like component 1 according to the invention is shown, in which only the colored cover plate 2 is shown. To avoid unnecessary repetition, only the differences are described; for other details, reference is made to the above description. Thus, in addition to the color filter layer 9 on the structured area 8 on the back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2, the plate-like component 1 also has a further color filter layer 9' directly on the front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2. The back side 5 of the colored cover plate 4 is not structured, i.e., it does not have a structured area 8 similar to the back side 5. Instead, the front side 4 is smooth within the limits of production tolerances. The two color filter layers 9, 9' can have the same or different optical refractive indices and the same or different layer thicknesses. If an equal optical thickness n*d is selected for the two color filter layers 9, 9', the color of the plate-like component 1 can be enhanced, since the light reaching the observer passes through the color filter layers a total of three times and is therefore filtered more. In the case of coatings with significantly different optical thicknesses, mixed colors can result.

[0150] For example, if the front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 is coated with a color filter layer 9 consisting of a chemically inert inorganic hard layer (such as Si3N4), this will give the plate-shaped component 1 a high scratch resistance, chemical resistance and anti-fouling effect. The use of a photocatalytic layer (such as TiO2) can also produce a self-cleaning effect.

[0151] This additional layer provided on the front face 4 may also be a thinner antireflection layer having an optical refractive index less than that of the tinted cover plate 2, thereby suppressing the substantially white reflection of the tinted cover plate 2 (e.g. glass) and increasing the color saturation.

[0152] Figure 25 Another embodiment of the plate-like component 1 according to the invention is shown, in which only the colored cover plate 2 is shown. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, only the differences are described, and for other aspects, please refer to the above description. Therefore, the back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2 of the plate-like component 1 has a structured area 8, on which a color filter layer 9 is arranged. In addition, the front side 4 of the colored cover plate 2 also has a structured area 8'. No color filter layer is arranged on the front side 4. The two structured areas 8, 8' can be identical or different from each other. Figure 25 In the embodiment example of , all segments 10 have an inclination angle of at most 45°. In contrast to the segments 10 of the structured region 8 of the rear side 5, Figure 25 The segments 10 ′ of the structured region 8 ′ of the front side 4 of the plate-shaped component 1 have no roughness conditions.

[0153] This additional layer provided on the front side 4 can also be a relatively thin, color-neutral antireflection layer, the optical refractive index of which is lower than that of the tinted cover plate 2. This suppresses the essentially white reflection of the tinted cover plate 2 (e.g. glass) and increases the saturation of the color. However, the additional layer provided on the front side 4 can also have the same optical refractive index as the tinted cover plate 2. In this case, this layer serves only to protect the tinted cover plate 2 from moisture and other corrosive components in the air. It has been shown that polished glass produced by etching is more sensitive to damp heat than flat glass or rolled glass. In the case of etching soda-lime glass, the additional layer can be, for example, a relatively thin sputtered SiO2 layer.

[0154] In these embodiments, light must pass through the tinted cover at least once and must be reflected by the internal color filter layer in order to achieve the desired color shade with improved angular stability upon exiting the front surface.

[0155] In principle, the panel assembly 1 can be mounted on the facade using any suitable fastening technology (e.g., back rails, drill point fasteners, clamping straps, etc.). Fastening technology can also be used to mount the panel assembly 1 on the facade. Suspension systems are often used for curtain wall ventilated facades, where the joint connection is achieved by form fit.

[0156] Figure 26A measuring device according to the present invention is shown for determining the diffuse scattering of a sheet-like component 1 using a commercially available multi-angle colorimeter 17 (multi-angle color measurement). A structured area 8, not shown in greater detail, extends across a tinted cover plate 2 (e.g., glass). Here, a light beam is directed onto the front surface 4 of the sheet-like component 1 to be characterized at different angles of incidence, and the scattered or reflected light is spectrally measured from different observation angles (e.g., 15° or 45° relative to the surface normal of the plane of the tinted cover plate 2). Beneath the tinted cover plate 2 is an opaque backing element 14, which is formed, for example, as a black, matte layer (e.g., using a liquid adhesive with a refractive index of approximately 1.5). The multi-angle colorimeter 17 can be used to determine the luminance in a Lab system with D65 standard illumination and an aperture angle of 10°. It has been shown that good angular stability (i.e., low angular dependence of the scattered light) is achieved when the luminance remains at least L=10 (preferably L=15, or even better, L=20) at observation angles of 45° and 15° and an angle of incidence of 45°. Due to the at least one structured area 8 on the front side 4 and / or back side 5 of the colored cover plate 2, a brightness of at least L=10 can be achieved at observation angles of 45° and 15° and an angle of incidence of 45° (in each case measured according to the gloss angle (in both directions)). The degrees are to be understood as: angle of reflection (with reference to the surface normal) / angle of incidence (with reference to the gloss angle). For example, at an observation angle of 45° (measured relative to the surface normal) and an angle of incidence of 45° (measured according to the gloss angle), the incident light beam is incident completely perpendicular to the surface (45 / 45). For an observation angle of 15° and an angle of incidence of 45°, the direction of incidence is 30° (15 / 45) to the surface normal on the same side as the observation direction. The multi-angle colorimeter 20 is positioned at an observation angle of 45° or 15° relative to the surface normal.

[0157] Figure 5 The height profiles (angular distributions) obtained from confocal microscopy measurements of a glass pane that is only slightly structured (type A), a more strongly structured glass pane (specially etched glass, type B), and another appropriately structured glass (type C) are shown. While the structures in the lightly structured pane (type A) are very large and exhibit only inclinations of 5° to 10°, the structures in the etched pane of type B range from 80 μm to 100 μm (peak-to-peak distance in the glass plane) with an average angle of approximately 17°. Profilometer measurements yielded an average structure depth (height between peaks and valleys) of 14 μm. Figure 5As can be seen in the figure, for lightly textured glass (Type A), reflection intensity (measured as L) is almost absent at angles exceeding 20° to 30° from the gloss angle. With textured glass Type B, clear brightness is still visible at 45 / 45 or 15 / 45. Measuring the height profile on Type B reveals characteristic structural properties: the aspect ratio of the width (B) to the height (H) of the structures ranges from B:H > 3:1 to B:H < 10:1, and structures tilted at a 45° angle have an aspect ratio of 2:1. Another suitable structured glass (Type C) exhibits a similar surface segmentation angular distribution and good angular stability of L measured in a multi-angle colorimeter. However, the structure size is much smaller: the peak-to-peak distance is 30 μm, while the peak-to-valley height is 4 μm. This again results in an average tilt angle of 16°, similar to that of Type B. What is important for the angular distribution of brightness is a very similar tilt angle distribution, not the absolute structure size (at least within a wide size range, from a few microns to several hundred microns). Other distributions of average tilt angles of 20° to 30° may also be advantageous. If the tilt angle is too high, the probability of multiple reflections increases significantly.

[0158] Figure 6 The graph shows the brightness of uncoated structured glass measured using a multi-angle colorimeter (x-rite MA-T12). On the back of the front glass, two black matte glass surfaces were optically bonded using a thin glycerol layer (refractive index n = 1.47) in order to essentially measure the reflection of the textured surface. Structured front glass suitable for use according to the present invention (e.g., type B or C, haze = 92%-94%) generally exhibits significantly higher diffuse reflection intensity than lightly textured solar glass (type A, rolled glass, haze = 2%) or unstructured float glass (haze <0.5%). Plain float glass only reflects at the gloss angle, which is not measured by this method. In particular, at angles far from the gloss angle, a clear brightness is still visible for the structured glass according to the present invention. This effect can be advantageously combined with a color filter layer.

[0159] According to one embodiment, the plate-like component according to the invention has at least one structured side on the outside and at least one color filter layer on the outside. Since the at least one color filter layer is applied to the diffusely scattering glass element, microscopic surface elements can be found from different viewing angles, whose inclination satisfies the following reflection condition: angle of incidence = angle of reflection. This produces an average color impression that is less dependent on direction. According to another embodiment, there is at least one color filter layer on the inside and at least one structured side (outside or inside) or both sides are structured. Due to the diffusion effect of the at least one structured layer, there are many different light paths, which lead to reflections at the color filter layer on the inside and are emitted again in different directions, thereby achieving a significantly higher angular stability of the brightness compared to glass with smooth sides. In these cases, the light must pass through the glass at least once and then back again to produce the desired color effect at different angles, even away from the gloss angle.

[0160] If the structured side surfaces and at least one color filter layer are on the outside, the diffusing effect of the at least one structured surface means that many different light paths exist, resulting in reflections in different directions at the outer color filter layer. This results in significantly higher angular stability of brightness compared to glass with smooth sides. In any case, the structure must have facets and structure dimensions that are larger than the wavelength of visible light. To be able to interfere with the incident wavefront in the color filter layer, the surface segments must be sufficiently flat, for example with a roughness of less than 15% or 10% of the filter layer thickness. To achieve the interference conditions for constructive or destructive interference even at oblique incidence in layers with thicknesses of up to several hundred nanometers, the surface segments must have a minimum size, requiring a side length or diameter of 1 μm. Otherwise, the wave packet directly reflected at the upper interface cannot interfere with the wave packet reflected and laterally offset at the lower interface. As the angle of incidence and layer thickness increase, the lateral displacement of the exit point of the beam reflected at the lower interface on the segment increases. Suitable glasses can be produced by etching, for example, with structures ranging in size from a few microns to tens of microns. However, the structure dimensions can also be in the submillimeter range, for example in rolled glass. These structures should preferably have different surface inclination angles, with a wide distribution of inclination angles. They can also be formed using a laser or by applying and structuring a transparent cover layer using printing or similar techniques.

[0161] The at least one color filter layer 9, 9' of the plate-shaped component 1 comprises at least one high-refractive layer made of a material having a refractive index n greater than 2.5 in the wavelength range from 400 nm to at least 700 nm and at least 0.2 below 450 nm, and an extinction coefficient less than 0.2 (preferably less than 0.1) above 700 nm. Optionally, the at least one color filter layer 9, 9' may comprise at least one refractive layer made of a transparent dielectric material having a refractive index less than 2.5. It has already been stated at the outset that it may be advantageous if at least one color filter layer 9, 9' comprises a double layer comprising a high refractive index layer (HTM) and a low refractive index layer (TD), a triple layer comprising one high refractive index layer (HTM) arranged between two low refractive index layers (TD) or one low refractive index layer (TD) arranged between two high refractive index layers (HTM), or a quadruple layer comprising two high refractive index layers (HTM) and two low refractive index layers (TD) arranged alternately, wherein one high refractive index layer (HTM) is arranged between two low refractive index layers (TD) and one low refractive index layer (TD) is arranged between two high refractive index layers (HTM).

[0162] When non-absorbing materials such as Si3N4, SiO2, SiON, ZrO2 or TiO2 (typical dielectrics) are used for color filter layers, the choice of available refractive indices is limited to values ​​below n = 3 in the visible wavelength range (380 nm to 780 nm). Simulations (transfer matrix method) show that with thinner Si3N4 layers on glass (e.g., 50 nm to 70 nm), achromatic reflections with a luminance of L = 55 (chromaticity c < 3) can be produced. L = 60 can be achieved with ZrO2, while L = 60 can be achieved with TiO2. x L = 70 can be achieved (see Table 1 inserted below).

[0163]

[0164]

[0165] Table 1 (Layer package for white tint)

[0166] However, for a white impression, L of 85 and above is required. With more complex multilayers made of these materials in combination with SiO2, ΔL of 5 to 10 and above can be achieved. However, the required layer thickness becomes very large and the angular dependence increases significantly. x Catalytic effect and UV activation, TiO x It also proved to be crucial. x The coated solar cell modules showed a clear reaction between the color coating and the edge seal. Even with the outer coating, attenuation and optical defects were still visible due to sputtering to the inner side.

[0167] In order to achieve a white hue (L>80, c<3.5), the reflection in the visible wavelength range must be R=65% on average. The relevant wavelength range is between 400 nm and 700 nm. If this is to be achieved with a simple layer system consisting of a few layers, the refractive index of the material must be greater than 3.0, preferably greater than 3.5. Above 700 nm, the transmittance should be above 80% (preferably above 90%) in order to achieve the greatest possible efficiency. Accordingly, the absorption and reflectivity must be low. Solar cells made of silicon or CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) still have a high spectral sensitivity between 700 nm and 1250 nm. In order to reduce the efficiency loss compared to solar cell modules with normally transparent front glass, the color filter should be as transparent as possible in the near infrared region.

[0168] The refractive index and extinction coefficient properties of crystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, and amorphous hydrogen-passivated silicon (a-Si:H), as well as other semiconductors such as GaP, GaAs, or Ge, are known from semiconductor physics publications and textbooks (e.g., Seyed Sadreddin Mirshafieyan and Junpeng Guo, Optics Express, Vol. 22, pp. 31545-31554 (2014)). Characteristically, these materials have very high refractive indices (greater than n=3) throughout the visible wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm, with a maximum in the range of n=4 to n=7 from 300 nm to 400 nm. The extinction coefficients of these materials are very high in the range of 250 nm to 250 nm, with values ​​ranging from k=2 to k=6 or more. However, above 400 nm to 500 nm, in the near-infrared (NIR) above 800 nm, the extinction coefficient drops significantly to values ​​below 0.2 and ultimately below 0.01.

[0169] Amorphous silicon, hydrogen and element C, Ge or O mixed system is also suitable.By adding O, C and Ge, can further change optical characteristics, to obtain high reflectivity, low chroma and high transmittance in NIR.The material with the above-mentioned refractive index and extinction coefficient conditions is the material for the high refractive index layer according to the present invention.The transparent insulating dielectric (such as SiO2, S3N4 or SiON) with refractive index <2.2 and k=0 is the material for the low refractive index layer according to the present invention.

[0170] Mixed systems of silicon and nitrogen are also suitable: starting from stoichiometric Si3N4, increasing the ratio of silicon to nitrogen increases the refractive index and creates an absorption edge in the blue. Optical properties can be further modified by oxygen admixtures, so generally silicon-rich SION coatings are suitable. Preferably, the nitrogen content should be greater than the oxygen content.

[0171] All silicon-based materials can also contain aluminum. In order to improve the sputtering process, sputtering targets with an aluminum content of up to 10% in silicon are used.

[0172] In addition, there are various transition metal oxides (e.g., Cu2O or Fe2O3) that have the aforementioned suitable optical properties. Even some metal sulfides or metal selenides (such as Mo2S3 or Mo2Se3) have similarly suitable optical properties. However, due to their relatively low hardness and adhesion, these metal sulfide selenides may have adhesion and stability issues.

[0173] To avoid problems with electrical insulation or PID (potential induced degradation), these layers should be undoped and highly insulating. In sunlight, at a voltage of 1000 V and a measuring electrode distance of 2 cm, the resistance R of the layer / layer stack should not be less than 10 GOhm, preferably not less than 10 GOhm. The specific dark resistance should be greater than 10 10 Ωcm, preferably greater than 10 11 Ωcm.

[0174] The current loss can be further reduced by using multiple layers with typical dielectrics such as SiO2, S3N4 and SiON with a refractive index < 2.2. An example of three layers can be found in Table 1 above.

[0175] In summary, the following color filter layers on textured glass in one of the above configurations (texture inside, outside, or both sides and coating inside, outside, or both sides) are suitable for white (L>80, c<3.5):

[0176] Highly refractive and partially transparent materials (HTMs) having a refractive index greater than 3.0 (preferably greater than 3.5) in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm and an extinction coefficient less than 0.2 (preferably less than 0.1) above 700 nm (preferably above 500 nm). Examples of particularly suitable HTMs are: crystalline Si or microcrystalline Si, amorphous a-Si:H, a-SiC:H, a-SiO:H, a-SiGe:H, Si-rich Si x N y and silicon-rich Si x N y O z (y>z). The layer thickness of the HTM should be less than 30 nm and greater than 5 nm. In sunlight, at a voltage of 1000 V and a measuring electrode distance of 2 cm, the resistivity R of the layer / layer stack should not be less than 10 GOhm, preferably not less than 10 GOhm. The specific dark resistance should be greater than 10 10 Ωcm, preferably greater than 10 11 Ωcm.

[0177] For example, the color filter layer has one high refractive index (HTM) layer (single layer).

[0178] For example, the color filter layer has a high refractive index (HTM) layer and a low refractive index (TD) layer (double layer). That is, a double layer of glass / HTM / TD or TD / HTM / glass. In the case of an external coating, the top layer of DT should be on the top, that is, on the outermost side in contact with the air, while in the case of an internal coating, the top layer of DT should be on the innermost side in contact with the laminate film.

[0179] For example, the color filter layer has one high refractive index layer (HTM) and two low refractive index layers (TD), or alternatively, one low refractive index layer (TD) and two high refractive index layers (HTM) (three layers), that is, three layers of HTM / DT / HTM / glass, glass / DT / HTM / DT, glass / DT / HTM / DT, or DT / HTM / DT / glass.

[0180] For example, the color filter layer has two high refractive index layers (HTM) and two low refractive index layers (TD) alternately arranged (four layers), that is, four layers of glass / HTM / DT / HTM / DT or DT / HTM / DT / HTM / glass.

[0181] Single or double layers of common dielectric transparent materials (TD) (such as Si3N4, ZrO2 or TiO x ) is used to make red plate-shaped components (especially solar cell components) based on interference. x For a single layer, the primary maximum can be shifted into the red wavelength range (>600 nm) by increasing the layer thickness, but the secondary maximum already appears in the blue. The distance between the maxima increases with decreasing refractive index, but even for low refractive indices (between 1 and 1.5), this distance is already too small. Furthermore, the interference maxima are too broad for a single or double layer: in the human eye, the spectral absorption curves of the red (long-wavelength cones) and green (medium-wavelength cones) photoreceptors overlap very highly. For deep red hues, the difference between the signals of the long-wavelength and medium-wavelength cones is crucial. For the most saturated red hues possible, a relatively rapid rise in the color spectrum between 580 nm and 620 nm is required. A too gradual rise would result in a yellow hue from the mixture of red and green. The shift from golden to bluish-violet or violet hues occurs consistently with increasing layer thickness.

[0182] Using an HTM-based color filter, a better low-blue and angle-stable red hue can be produced. Two different properties contribute to this: First, the refractive index is very high. This reduces the layer thickness required to match the color filter layer. This significantly improves the angle stability. Second, the higher absorption of blue results in a reduced blue component in the reflection spectrum.

[0183] Figure 6 The reflection spectrum of Si on glass with a higher silicon content is shown, while x N y and Figure 7 the absorption spectrum (A = 1 - T - R) of Si with a higher silicon content on flat float glass is shown. The film thickness is approximately 260 nm. As the silicon content increases, the reflection in the red spectral range increases significantly, while the blue component decreases. As the silicon content increases, the blue absorption increases.

[0184] Using this silicon-rich Si x N y formed monolayer, a red-violet solar cell module with L = 41, h = 5, and c = 31 can be fabricated as an inner coating on structured glass, and a light pink solar cell module with L = 60, h = 29, and c = 31 can be fabricated as an outer coating (measured at Di: 8°, D65). By combining with a thin layer of SiO2 (or another TD), the blue hue can be further suppressed, and the layer can be protected from moisture. Additionally, like white solar cell modules, the top layer can achieve better electrical insulation.

[0185] Using multilayer stacks and thick layers, even without an HTM, a red hue can be produced from transparent dielectric materials (1.5 < n < 2.8) (such as TiO x , SiO2, Si3N4, or ZrO2). However, due to the relatively high total layer thickness and large optical path length, the angle stability is too low: at different observation and illumination angles, the hue changes too much. At larger angles, there is a significant shift from red to the yellow-orange region: for example, a 110 nm - SiN - 90 nm SiO2 - 90 SiN TiO2 layer stack on glass produces an earthy red color with L = 47.2, a = 38.9, and b = 20.8. However, between 20° and 50°, the color changes to a golden hue through ΔE = 42.

[0186] ​​​​Using three or four layers, HTMs can be used to produce red hues with much smaller layer thicknesses. For example, in simulations, amorphous silicon can be used to produce a red hue corresponding to the earthy red shown above: 4nm aSi-45nm SiN-18nm aSi glass with L=47, a=36, and b=19. Compared to the ΔE=42 shown above, ΔE=13 between 20° and 50° demonstrates much higher angular stability due to the much smaller optical path length. The estimated current loss here is 30%.

[0187] Deep red can also be simulated using n and k dispersion data for crystalline Si with three or four layers. Further examples can be found in Table 2 below.

[0188]

[0189]

[0190] Table 2: Layer encapsulation for red hues

[0191] Therefore, to produce a more angularly stable, saturated and less bluish-red hue, a color filter on a structured glass element (inside, outside or both sides) having the same properties as above is suitable, with the following changes:

[0192] The color filter comprises at least one or more layers of a highly refractive and partially transparent material (HTM) having a refractive index greater than 2.5 (preferably greater than 3.0) in the wavelength range from 400 nm to at least 700 nm and an extinction coefficient of at least 0.2 below 450 nm and less than 0.2 (preferably 0.1) above 700 nm (preferably above 500 nm). The layer thickness of the HTM may be in the range of 5 nm to 300 nm.

[0193] White and red plate-like components are the main applications of these color filters on structured front glasses with HTM. However, the attractive properties (high refractive index in the VIS and low absorption above 700 nm or above 500 nm) can also be used for other colors.

[0194] For a dual-layer TD / HTM / glass configuration, thinner HTM layers and TD layer thicknesses ranging from 50nm to 150nm can be used to produce a range of vibrant, highly saturated colors with good angular stability and moderate efficiency loss, such as the blue produced by 110nm SiN / 10nm / glass with L=50, c=46, h=245, E20°50°=11, and Jsc-loss=-15%. The possible combinations are numerous. Importantly, one or two HTM layers are alternated with transparent dielectric TDs.

[0195] HTMs can be deposited on glass using various known coating processes: reactive sputtering, CVD (chemical vapor deposition), ALD (atomic layer deposition), evaporation (thermal or electron beam), and others. ALD is recommended due to the relatively small film thicknesses. ALD and CVD also provide good conformal coverage of structured surfaces.

[0196] As can be seen from the above description of the invention, the present invention provides an improved panel assembly having a very uniform and intense color with minimal or no directional dependence. In particular, the panel assembly can be particularly advantageously provided with a white or red color. For example, the panel assembly can be economically manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes and can be easily integrated into facades. The present invention thus provides an innovation that offers considerable advantages in the practice of facade construction and in the potential application of solar cell modules as colored solar cell modules for rooftop installation or open spaces.

[0197] Reference Number List

[0198] 1 Plate-shaped component

[0199] 2 Cover

[0200] 3 Mechanical support panels

[0201] 4, 4' front

[0202] 5, 5' back

[0203] 6 Adhesive layer

[0204] 7 Contact surface

[0205] 8, 8' structured area

[0206] 9.9' color filter layer

[0207] 10, 10' segments

[0208] 11 First Segment

[0209] 12 Second Segment

[0210] 13, 13' middle layer

[0211] 14 Back components

[0212] 15, 15' composite panels

[0213] 16 Carrier substrate

[0214] 17 Multi-angle Colorimeter

[0215] 18 Solar Cells

[0216] 19 Masking layer

[0217] 20 Solar cell modules

[0218] Front V

[0219] Back R

[0220] External Environment

Claims

1. A plate-like component (1) comprising a transparent cover plate (2) and at least one planar back element (14) attached to the cover plate (2), wherein the cover plate (2) has a front side (4) facing the external environment and a back side (5) facing the back element (14), wherein at least one surface (4, 5) selected from the front side and the back side has at least one structured area (8, 8'), and wherein at least one color filter layer (9, 9') for reflecting light in a predetermined wavelength range is provided on at least one surface (4, 5) selected from the front side and the back side, The at least one structured region (8, 8') has the following features (i) to (iii): (i) perpendicular to the plane of the cover plate (2), the height profile comprises peaks and valleys, wherein the average height difference between the peaks and valleys is at least 2 μm, (ii) at least 50% of the structured area consists of segments that are inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate (2), wherein at least 20% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from more than 0° to a maximum of 15°, and at least 30% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from more than 15° to a maximum of 45°, relative to the plane of the cover plate (2), (iii) the segments are each planar and have a thickness of at least 1 μm 2 wherein the average roughness of each of the segments is less than 15% of the layer thickness of the at least one color filter layer (9, 9'), and The at least one color filter layer (9, 9') comprises at least one high-refractive index layer, wherein the at least one high-refractive index layer has a refractive index greater than 2.5 in a wavelength range of 400 nm to at least 700 nm and an extinction coefficient of at least 0.2 below 450 nm and less than 0.2 above 700 nm.

2. The plate-shaped component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the at least one high-refractive layer is greater than 3.0 in the wavelength range of 400 nm to at least 700 nm.

3. The plate-shaped component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the layer thickness of the at least one high-refractive index layer is in the range of 5 nm to 300 nm.

4. The plate-shaped component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the at least one high-refractive layer is greater than 3.0 in the wavelength range of 400 nm to at least 700 nm and the layer thickness is in the range of 5 nm to 40 nm.

5. The plate-like component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one color filter layer (9, 9') comprises a low-refractive-index layer made of at least one transparent dielectric material, the refractive index of the at least one low-refractive-index layer being less than 2.

5.

6. The plate-shaped component (1) according to claim 5, wherein the layer thickness of the at least one low-refractive-index layer is greater than 10 nm and less than 250 nm.

7. The plate-like component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one color filter layer (9, 9') comprises: a double layer consisting of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer; or Three layers, where a high refractive index layer is sandwiched between two low refractive index layers, or a low refractive index layer is sandwiched between two high refractive index layers; or Four layers, wherein two high refractive index layers and two low refractive index layers are arranged in an alternating order, wherein one high refractive index layer is arranged between two low refractive index layers, and one low refractive index layer is arranged between two high refractive index layers.

8. The plate-shaped assembly (1) according to claim 1, wherein the back element (14) comprises a support substrate (16) having solar cells (18) for photovoltaic power generation.

9. The plate-like assembly (1) according to claim 1, wherein The back element (14) is formed as follows: A coating of the cover plate (2), wherein the coating is an opaque coating; a film, the film being an opaque film, the film being firmly bonded to the cover plate (2) by a transparent adhesive, the transparent adhesive being a transparent adhesive film; or The rigid body is an opaque rigid body and is firmly bonded to the cover plate (2) by a transparent adhesive.

10. Plate-like assembly (1) according to claim 1, wherein the back element (14) comprises a mechanical support panel (3).

11. The plate-like component (1) according to claim 1, wherein the front side (4) of the cover plate (2) has at least one structured area (8), on which a color filter layer (9) is arranged for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range.

12. The plate-like component (1) according to claim 11, wherein (i) the back side (5) of the cover plate (2) is free of structured areas and color filters; or (ii) the back side (5) of the cover plate (2) has no structured area, and a further color filter layer (9') is provided on the back side (5) of the cover plate (2) for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range; or (iii) The back side (5) of the cover plate (2) has at least one structured area (8'), on which a color filter layer (9') is arranged for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range.

13. A plate-like component (1) according to claim 1, wherein a color filter layer (9) for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range is arranged on the back side (5) of the cover plate (2), the back side (5) and / or the front side (4) each have at least one structured area (8, 8'), the front side (4) has at least one structured area (8), or another color filter layer (9') for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range is arranged on the front side (4).

14. The plate-like component (1) according to claim 13, wherein (i) the rear side (5) of the cover plate (2) has no structured region and the front side (4) has at least one structured region (8), wherein no color filter layer is provided on the front side (4); or (ii) the rear side (5) of the cover plate (2) has at least one structured region (8), and the front side (4) has at least one structured region (8'), wherein no color filter layer is provided on the front side (4); or (iii) the rear side (5) of the cover plate (2) has at least one structured region (8), and the front side (4) has no structured region, wherein no color filter layer is provided on the front side (4); or (iv) The rear side (5) of the cover plate (2) has at least one structured region (8), and the front side (4) has no structured region, a further color filter layer (9') being arranged on the front side (4).

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