Drill bit that helps improve driving efficiency

Abstract

The application discloses a drill bit which is helpful to improve the tunneling efficiency, comprising a drill cylinder, an upper end plate fixed to the upper end of the drill cylinder, a cutting tool arranged at the lower end of the drill cylinder, a support plate slidably arranged in the drill cylinder, a plurality of drill rods rotatably arranged on the support plate, each of the drill rods arranged along the height direction of the drill cylinder, a main shaft sleeved on the upper end plate, a transmission box arranged between the main shaft and the drill rods, a blind hole with an open lower end and a thread arranged on the upper end plate, and an external thread segment arranged on the main shaft and matched with the thread of the blind hole. The drill bit has the beneficial effect that when facing hard rock strata, a plurality of small holes can be drilled on the surface of the rock strata by the small drill rods in the drill cylinder, so that the frictional adhesion of the cutting tool at the front end of the drill bit is increased, the hard rock strata are more easily crushed, and the tunneling efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of geological drilling, and particularly relates to a drill bit which helps improve the tunneling efficiency. BACKGROUND

[0002] A drill rig is a construction machine for hole forming operation, which is widely used in bridge and tunnel construction and foundation pile driving and other construction scenes. The working principle of the drill rig is to drive the drill rod by a power head to realize the rotary motion of the front end drill bit, so as to achieve the effect of cutting and crushing rock and soil. Then the rock and soil is lifted to the outside of the hole to unload the soil, and the drilling is completed through periodic cyclic operation.

[0003] In the process of drill bit tunneling, the geological stirring is mainly realized by the cutting tool (pick or roller) at the front end of the drill bit, so as to realize the tunneling and excavation of drilling. Due to the difference of geological environment, when encountering rock with large hardness and integrity, the cutting tool will only produce sliding friction (i.e. slip) with the rock surface, and cannot form obvious tunneling, so that the drilling efficiency cannot be guaranteed. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a drill bit which helps improve the tunneling efficiency. When facing hard rock stratum, a small drill rod inside the drill cylinder can drill several small holes on the surface of the rock stratum, so as to increase the frictional adhesion of the cutting tool at the front end of the drill bit, so that the hard rock stratum is more easily crushed, and the purpose of improving the tunneling efficiency is achieved.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] A drill bit which helps improve the tunneling efficiency, the key of which is that a drill cylinder is provided, an upper end plate is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the drill cylinder, a cutting tool is arranged at the lower end of the drill cylinder, a support plate is slidably arranged inside the drill cylinder, a plurality of drill rods are rotatably arranged on the support plate, each drill rod is arranged along the height direction of the drill cylinder, a main shaft is sleeved on the upper end plate, a transmission box is arranged between the main shaft and the drill rods, the upper end plate has a blind hole thread with an open lower end, and an external thread section is arranged on the main shaft and matched with the blind hole thread;

[0007] When the main shaft rotates in a certain direction, the upper end plate can be synchronously rotated.

[0008] When the main shaft rotates in another direction, the external thread section can be detached from the blind hole thread downward, and the drill rods can be rotated through the transmission box.

[0009] Preferably, a lock is arranged between the upper end plate and the main shaft, so as to keep the main shaft and the upper end plate fixedly connected.

[0010] Preferably, a disc is fixedly arranged on the main shaft, and the external thread section is formed in the circumferential direction of the disc.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end plate is provided with a through hole, the lock comprises a pin shaft slidingly installed in the through hole, and a driving structure driving the pin shaft to slide up and down, and the upper side of the disc is provided with a locking groove opposite to the through hole.

[0012] Preferably, the transmission box is internally provided with a driving gear and a plurality of driven gears corresponding to the number of the drill rods, the driven gears are fixedly installed at the upper ends of the drill rods one by one, the driven gears are directly or indirectly meshed with the driving gear, and the main shaft has a protruding section extending downward, and the protruding section is fixedly connected with the driving gear.

[0013] Preferably, the driving gear is rotationally installed at the center of the support plate, and the driven gears are distributed in a cross shape in the circumferential direction of the driving gear.

[0014] Preferably, the lower part of the drill cylinder is fixedly installed with a positioning plate, and the positioning plate is provided with a relief hole coinciding with the axis of the drill rod.

[0015] Preferably, the inner side wall of the drill cylinder is symmetrically provided with guide grooves extending in the height direction of the drill cylinder, and the support plate is provided with guide blocks slidingly connected with the guide grooves.

[0016] Preferably, the upper end plate is provided with a central through hole, and the main shaft is rotationally sleeved on the central through hole.

[0017] Preferably, the blind hole thread has 0.5 turns of thread, and the external thread section has 1 turn of thread.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The drill provided by the present application helps to improve the tunneling efficiency. In the normal tunneling process, the main shaft rotates in the forward direction to drive the drill cylinder to rotate synchronously, and the cutting tool at the lower end drills and excavates. When the cutting tool encounters hard rock stratum and cannot continue to tunnel, the main shaft reverses, moves downward under the cooperation of the external thread section and the blind hole thread, and drives the support plate, the drill rod and the transmission box to move downward as a whole. After the external thread section is separated from the blind hole thread, the power of the main shaft and the external drill cylinder is interrupted, the main shaft drives each drill rod to rotate through the transmission box, and each drill rod drills a plurality of small holes on the surface of the rock stratum. After the surface of the rock stratum has a plurality of small holes, the cutting tool at the lower end of the drill cylinder can easily crush the rock stratum, thereby improving the tunneling efficiency of the drill. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the drill in the normal tunneling state;

[0021] Figure 2 is a sectional view of each drill rod 5 of the drill drilling small holes on the surface of the rock stratum;

[0022] Figure 3 Figure 3 is an exploded structural schematic view showing the connection relationship of the support plate 4, the drill rod 5, the transmission box 7 and the main shaft 6;

[0023] Figure 4 Figure 4 is a sectional view of the upper end plate 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0025] As shown in Figure 1 Figure 1, a drill bit has a structure including a drill cylinder 1, which is internally hollow, and has an upper end fixedly assembled with an upper end plate 2 and a lower end provided with a cutting tool 3, which can be a press wheel or a cutting tooth. In combination with Figure 2, Figure 4 As can be seen, the upper end plate 2 has a central through hole 2c, in which a main shaft 6 is sleeved, the lower end of the main shaft 6 extends into the interior of the drill cylinder 1, and the outer end is used for connection with the power device of a drilling machine.

[0026] The drill cylinder 1 is internally slidably mounted with a support plate 4, the support plate 4 is rotatably mounted with a plurality of drill rods 5, each of which is arranged along the height direction of the drill cylinder 1, the upper side of the support plate 4 is provided with a transmission box 7, which is connected between the main shaft 6 and each of the drill rods 5, and is used for transmitting the rotation of the main shaft 6 to each of the drill rods 5.

[0027] Further as shown in Figure 2 and 4 Figure 3, the lower side of the upper end plate 2 is provided with a circular groove 2d, the diameter of the circular groove 2d is greater than that of the central through hole 2c, the side wall of the circular groove 2d is formed with a blind hole thread 2a, the main shaft 6 is provided with an external thread section 6a matched with the blind hole thread 2a, and the lower end of the blind hole thread 2a is open.

[0028] Based on the above structure of the drill bit, the working principle is as follows:

[0029] In the normal tunneling process, the drilling machine drives the main shaft 6 to rotate forward, the external thread section 6a has been screwed to the uppermost end of the blind hole thread 2a, and the relative rotation between the two cannot be formed, thereby driving the upper end plate 2 and the drill cylinder 1 to synchronously rotate forward, and the cutting tool 3 at the lower end completes the drilling and tunneling. In the normal tunneling process, the support plate 4 and the drill cylinder 1 do not have relative rotation, so the internal support plate 4, the drill rod 5 and other components are in a relatively static state and will synchronously rotate with the drill cylinder 1 as a whole.

[0030] When the cutting tool 3 encounters hard rock layer and cannot continue to dig down due to slipping, the drill drives the main shaft 6 to reverse, at this time the drill cylinder 1 remains stationary due to the constraint of the geological hole wall and the hole bottom, the external thread segment 6a reverses and is detached from the lower end of the blind hole thread 2a, at this time the main shaft 6 and the drill cylinder 1 are completely disconnected, the rotation of the main shaft 6 drives the rotation of each drill rod 5 through the transmission box 7, and then under the action of the downward driving of the whole drill, the main shaft 6, the transmission box 7, the support plate 4 and the drill rod 5 move downward as a whole, when the lower end of the drill rod 5 exceeds the lower end of the cutting tool 3, each drill rod 5 can drill a plurality of small holes on the surface of the hard rock layer. After the small hole drilling is completed, the main shaft 6 is rotated again, under the action of the upward driving of the whole drill, the external thread segment 6a is screwed into the blind hole thread 2a again, and then the main shaft 6 drives the upper end plate 2 and the drill cylinder 1 to rotate synchronously, the cutting tool 3 at the lower end acts on each small hole, and the hard rock layer can be easily crushed.

[0031] For example, as shown in Figure 3 For the convenience of processing and assembly, the main shaft 6 is integrally formed with a disc 6b, and the external thread segment 6a is formed in the circumference of the disc 6b.

[0032] In the embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 The transmission box 7 is internally provided with a driving gear 7a and a plurality of driven gears 7b corresponding to the number of drill rods 5, the driven gears 7b are fixedly assembled one by one at the upper ends of the drill rods 5, the driven gears 7b are directly or indirectly engaged with the driving gear 7a, and the protruding segment 6c of the main shaft 6 is fixedly connected to the driving gear 7a. Based on this, when the main shaft 6 is disconnected from the drill cylinder 1, the reverse rotation of the main shaft 6 can drive the rotation of each drill rod 5. In order to ensure the construction efficiency of the drill rod 5 in drilling small holes, the driving gear 7a and the driven gear 7b have a speed increasing transmission relationship, that is, the diameter of the driving gear 7a is greater than the diameter of the driven gear 7b.

[0033] Further, the support plate 4 is a circular structure, the driving gear 7a is rotatably installed at the center position of the support plate 4, each driven gear 7b is distributed in a cross shape in the circumference of the driving gear 7a, and each driven gear 7b forms an inner and outer two-circle arrangement structure, and the drill rods 5 corresponding to the positions of the driven gears 7b are also distributed in a cross shape and an inner and outer two-circle arrangement structure. Such design is not only conducive to transmission, but also can drill uniformly distributed small holes on the surface of the rock layer. Since the drill rod 5 has a certain length, in order to prevent the lower end of the drill rod from shaking during work, a positioning plate 9 is fixedly installed at the lower part of the drill cylinder 1, the positioning plate 9 is provided with an avoiding hole 9a coinciding with the axis of the drill rod 5, and the avoiding hole 9a can ensure the stability of the drilling of the drill rod 5.

[0034] For example, as shown in Figure 1 and 3As shown, the inner side of the drill cylinder 1 is provided with a guide groove 1a extending along the height direction thereof, the guide groove 1a has two groups and is symmetrically arranged at both ends inside the drill cylinder 1, both ends of the support plate 4 are provided with guide blocks 4a which are slidingly connected in the guide groove 1a. This structure not only guarantees the sliding fit between the support plate 4 and the drill cylinder 1, but also limits the rotation of the support plate 4 relative to the drill cylinder 1.

[0035] In order to make the outer thread segment 6a more easily enter and exit the blind hole thread 2a, the number of thread turns of the blind hole thread 2a is 0.5 turns, and the number of thread turns of the outer thread segment 6a is 1 turn.

[0036] During the drilling construction process, the slag needs to be discharged outside the hole, and the drill bit will shake violently during the slag discharge. In order to prevent the outer thread segment 6a from being pulled out of the blind hole thread 2a during shaking, in combination with the Figure 1 As can be seen, the upper end plate 2 and the main shaft 6 are provided with a lock 8, which locks the main shaft 6 and the upper end plate 2 together during the slag discharge process to prevent them from falling off due to shaking. When it is necessary to reverse drill a small hole, the lock 8 can be unlocked.

[0037] In combination with the above description Figure 3 As shown, the lock 8 is installed between the upper end plate 2 and the disc 6b of the main shaft 6, wherein the upper end plate 2 is provided with a through hole 2b, the upper side of the disc 6b is provided with a locking groove 6c opposite to the through hole 2b, the lock 8 includes a pin shaft 8a slidingly installed in the through hole 2b, and a driving structure 8b driving the pin shaft 8a to slide up and down, which can realize locking and unlocking by driving the pin shaft 8a to enter and exit the locking groove 6c. The driving mode of the driving structure 8b is a press type self-return mechanism, which is a mature existing mechanism, i.e. the pressing mechanism of a ballpoint pen. Touching the pin shaft 8a once can lock it into the locking groove 6c, and touching the pin shaft 8a again can make it leave the locking groove 6c. In addition, the driving mode of the driving structure 8b can also be manually pulling out the pin or using a linear drive motor to execute the pulling out of the pin.

[0038] Further, an independent eccentric transmission wheel can also be provided between the main shaft 6 and the support plate 4, the axis of the eccentric transmission wheel is horizontally arranged, and when drilling a small hole, the eccentric transmission wheel can form a reciprocating vertical impact force on the support plate 4, thereby improving the construction efficiency of the drill rod 5 in drilling a small hole.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can make various similar modifications under the inspiration of the present application without deviating from the purpose and claims of the present application, and such modifications fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A drill bit that facilitates improved drilling efficiency, the drill bit comprising: The application relates to a drilling device, which comprises a drilling cylinder (1), the upper end of the drilling cylinder (1) is fixedly provided with an upper end plate (2), the lower end is provided with a cutting tool (3), a supporting plate (4) is slidably arranged in the drilling cylinder (1), a plurality of drill rods (5) are rotatably arranged on the supporting plate (4), each drill rod (5) is arranged along the height direction of the drilling cylinder (1), a main shaft (6) is sleeved on the upper end plate (2), a transmission box (7) is arranged between the main shaft (6) and the drill rod (5), the upper end plate (2) is provided with a blind hole thread (2a) with an open lower end, the main shaft (6) is provided with an external thread section (6a) matched with the blind hole thread (2a). When the main shaft (6) rotates in a certain direction, the upper end plate (2) can be synchronously rotated; when the main shaft (6) rotates in another direction, the external thread section (6a) can be separated from the blind hole thread (2a) downwards, and the drill rod (5) can be rotated through the transmission box (7). The blind hole thread (2a) has 0.5 turns of thread, and the external thread section (6a) has 1 turn of thread; a locking device (8) is arranged between the upper end plate (2) and the main shaft (6) to keep the main shaft (6) and the upper end plate (2) fixedly connected.

2. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein: The main shaft (6) is fixedly provided with a disc (6b), and the external thread section (6a) is formed on the circumference of the disc (6b).

3. The drill bit of claim 2, wherein: The upper end plate (2) is provided with a through hole (2b), the locking device (8) comprises a pin shaft (8a) slidably arranged in the through hole (2b), and a driving structure (8b) for driving the pin shaft (8a) to slide upwards and downwards; the upper side of the disc (6b) is provided with a locking groove (6c) opposite to the through hole (2b).

4. The drill bit of claim 3, wherein: The transmission box (7) is internally provided with a driving gear (7a) and a same number of driven gears (7b) as the drill rods (5), each driven gear (7b) is fixedly arranged on the upper end of each drill rod (5), the driven gears (7b) are directly or indirectly meshed with the driving gear (7a), and the main shaft (6) has a protruding section (6d) extending downwards, and the protruding section (6d) is fixedly connected with the driving gear (7a).

5. The drill bit of claim 4, wherein: The driving gear (7a) is rotatably arranged at the center of the supporting plate (4), and each driven gear (7b) is distributed in a cross shape in the circumference of the driving gear (7a).

6. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein: The lower part of the drilling cylinder (1) is fixedly provided with a positioning plate (9), and the positioning plate (9) is provided with an avoiding hole (9a) coinciding with the axis of the drill rod (5).

7. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein: The inner side wall of the drilling cylinder (1) is symmetrically provided with a guide groove (1a) extending along the height direction of the drilling cylinder (1), and the supporting plate (4) is provided with a guide block (4a) slidably connected with the guide groove (1a).

8. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein: The upper end plate (2) is provided with a center through hole (2c), and the main shaft (6) is rotatably sleeved on the center through hole (2c).

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