System for balancing a plurality of battery cells within a battery pack and method thereof

Abstract

The system (115) includes a plurality of sensors (210) to measure a plurality of operating parameters of each of a plurality of battery cells (110). The system (115) also includes a switching unit (215) and a control unit (235) that are electrically and communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of battery cells (110). The control unit (235) determines an energy value (E(cell-n)) for each battery cell (110) based on the plurality of operating parameters of the battery cell (110), determines an energy increment (Dn) for the battery cell (110), and then selectively operates the switching unit (215) for a period of time to allow energy to be transferred from one of the battery cells (110) to a storage unit (120). As a result, each battery cell (110) is in an ideal operating state, and the plurality of battery cells (110) is balanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a battery pack, and more particularly to a system and method for balancing multiple batteries within a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Electrical energy stored in devices such as batteries has recently been used as an energy source in applications such as transportation and telecommunications. These batteries consist of multiple battery cells connected to each other in series, parallel, or combinations thereof and placed within a battery pack. The number of batteries and their capacity depend on the application of the battery pack.

[0003] During the manufacturing of battery cells and their assembly within the battery pack, each battery cell is graded based on, but not limited to, voltage and capacity. Therefore, the rated voltage of each battery cell arranged within the battery pack is the same. However, during the operation of the battery pack, the state of charge of each battery cell within the pack can vary. This phenomenon of varying battery cell voltage is called battery cell imbalance. The structural arrangement of the battery cells, the varying levels of heat exposed to different locations within the battery pack, and electrochemical reactions within the battery cells are all causes of battery cell imbalance.

[0004] Imbalanced cell sizes within a battery pack reduce its designed capacity, leading to inefficient operation and shortened lifespan. To achieve maximum efficiency, the state of charge (SOC) and voltage level of each of the multiple cells must be maintained at equal levels.

[0005] Cell balancing is achieved through one of active balancing, passive balancing, or combinations thereof. Active balancing is a balancing technique that redistributes electrical energy from each of the multiple battery cells during charge and discharge cycles. More specifically, in active balancing, the battery pack is equipped with components electrically coupled to the multiple battery cells, such as, but not limited to, inductors, capacitors, and combinations thereof. These components help transfer energy from overcharged batteries to undercharged batteries, thereby maintaining the state of charge (SOC) and voltage level of each of the multiple cells at equal levels. Furthermore, depending on the SOC and voltage level of each of the multiple cells, active balancing techniques utilize a bidirectional flyback converter, a DC / DC converter, or a buck-boost converter for each cell to transmit and receive power.

[0006] However, the use of additional components reduces the compactness of the battery pack and further increases its cost. Furthermore, because each of the multiple battery cells uses a flyback converter, the battery pack is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI), requiring additional hardware components to ensure its robustness.

[0007] To balance each of the multiple battery cells in a battery pack via passive balancing, components such as resistors are incorporated. Therefore, excess energy from overcharged batteries is dissipated as heat. Because this excess energy is dissipated as heat and not used efficiently, the battery pack is considered inefficient. Furthermore, due to the heat dissipated within the battery pack, it is designed to handle excess heat. Additionally, additional components such as sensors are required within the battery pack to continuously monitor it and alert the user in emergencies. Moreover, balancing multiple cells via passive balancing takes longer than balancing each cell via active balancing.

[0008] Given the above, an alternative system is needed to balance the multiple cells in a battery pack and ensure the effective operation of the battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0009] One or more embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for balancing multiple batteries within a battery pack.

[0010] In one aspect of the invention, a system for balancing multiple batteries arranged within a battery pack is disclosed. The system includes multiple sensors electrically coupled to the multiple cells. The multiple sensors are configured to measure multiple operating parameters of each of the multiple cells. The system also includes a switching unit electrically coupled to each of the multiple cells and a control unit communicatively coupled to each of the multiple sensors and the switching unit. The control unit is configured to determine an energy value of each of the multiple cells based on data relating to the multiple operating parameters of each of the multiple cells. Based on the energy value, the control unit determines an energy increment for each of the multiple cells. The control unit is also configured to selectively operate the switching unit for a period of time. A time period is determined based on the energy increment of each of the multiple battery cells to allow energy to be transferred from at least one of the multiple battery cells to a storage unit. After the energy transfer, each of the multiple battery cells is in an ideal operating state, and the multiple battery cells are balanced.

[0011] In another aspect of the invention, a method for balancing multiple batteries arranged within a battery pack is disclosed. The method includes determining the energy value of each of the multiple cells. The energy value is determined based on data relating to multiple operating parameters of each of the multiple cells. The method further includes determining an energy increment for each of the multiple cells based on the energy value. Based on the energy increment, a control unit determines a time period for selectively operating a switching unit. Therefore, the switching unit allows energy to be transferred from at least one of the multiple battery cells to a storage unit. After the energy transfer, each of the multiple battery cells is in an ideal operating state, and the multiple battery cells are balanced.

[0012] In another aspect of the invention, a battery pack is disclosed. The battery pack includes a plurality of batteries arranged within the battery pack. The battery pack also includes a plurality of sensors electrically coupled to the plurality of battery cells to measure a plurality of operating parameters of each of the plurality of battery cells, and a switching unit electrically coupled to each of the plurality of battery cells. The battery pack also includes a control unit communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of sensors and the switching unit. The control unit is configured to receive data from the plurality of sensors relating to the operating parameters of each of the plurality of cells. The control unit also determines a plurality of energy values ​​based on the data relating to the plurality of operating parameters of each of the plurality of batteries. After determining the energy values, the control unit selects the minimum energy value from the plurality of determined energy values. Thereafter, the control unit determines an energy increment for each of the plurality of cells. The energy increment is the difference between the energy value of each cell and the minimum energy value. Based on the energy increment, the control unit determines a time period for selectively operating the switching unit. Thus, the switching unit allows energy to be transferred from at least one of the plurality of battery cells to a storage unit. After the energy transfer, each of the plurality of battery cells is in an ideal operating state, and the plurality of battery cells are balanced.

[0013] Other features and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description and drawings. The features and advantages described in the summary and the following detailed description are not exhaustive, and in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the drawings, description, and claims. Furthermore, it should be noted that the language used in the description has been chosen primarily for readability and instructional purposes and may not have been chosen to depict or limit the subject matter of the invention, which is necessary by means of the claims to define such inventive subject matter. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Examples of embodiments of the invention may be illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These drawings are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. The drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the disclosed subject matter and, together with the specification, explain various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, and are intended to be illustrative. Furthermore, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and any values ​​or dimensions in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and may or may not represent actual or preferred values ​​or dimensions. Although the invention has been generally described in the context of these embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to these specific embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an environment for a system of multiple batteries arranged in a battery pack according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a method for balancing at least one of a plurality of battery cells according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the system;

[0017] Figure 3 It includes one or more embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 A system that balances multiple batteries Figure 1 A block diagram of the battery pack;

[0018] Figure 4 It is according to one or more embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 A block diagram of a battery pack having a control unit located in a location remotely accessible to the user;

[0019] Figure 4A It is according to one or more embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 A graphical representation of the energy value (E(cell-n)) in each cell of the battery pack;

[0020] Figure 4B It is according to one or more embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 A graphical representation of the energy increment (Dn) of each cell in the battery pack;

[0021] Figure 4C It is according to one or more embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 A graphical representation of the voltage of each cell in the battery pack before balancing each cell;

[0022] Figure 4D It is according to one or more embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 A graphical representation of the voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)) of each storage cell in the battery pack;

[0023] Figure 4E It is determined to be used for balancing according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 A graphical representation of each battery cell in the battery pack over a period of time;

[0024] Figure 4F It is according to one or more embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 A graphical representation of the voltage of each cell in the battery pack under ideal operating conditions;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a balanced arrangement according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for processing multiple battery cells within a battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Reference will now be made in detail to specific embodiments or features, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. Where possible, corresponding or similar reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or corresponding parts. When there may be more than one element of the same type, references to the various elements described herein are made jointly or separately. However, such references are merely exemplary in nature. It can be noted that any reference to an element in the singular form may also be interpreted as relating to the plural, and vice versa, unless expressly set forth in the appended claims, without limiting the scope of the invention to the exact number or type of such elements. Furthermore, relational terms such as first and second may be used to distinguish one entity from another without necessarily implying any actual relationship between these entities.

[0027] Figure 1 A block diagram of a system 100 for balancing a plurality of battery cells 110 arranged within a battery pack 105, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention, is shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the battery pack 105 is used as an energy source in applications such as transportation, telecommunications, and home appliances. Although the illustrated embodiment depicts a single battery pack 105, it should be understood that multiple battery packs may be used as required without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0028] Battery pack 105 includes a plurality of battery cells 110 disposed therein. Each of the plurality of battery cells 110 is electrically coupled to each other in a series connection, a parallel connection, or a combination thereof. Battery pack 105 also includes a plurality of arrays (not shown) electrically coupled to each other. Each of the plurality of arrays includes a plurality of cells 110 electrically coupled to each other. The capacity of each of the plurality of battery cells 110 depends on one of the user requirements, the application in which battery pack 105 is used, or a combination thereof.

[0029] In one embodiment, each of the plurality of battery cells 110 is one of, but not limited to, lithium-ion (Li-ion), lead-acid gel, and nickel metal hydride. In an alternative embodiment, each of the plurality of battery cells 110 is composed of a lithium or lithium polymer battery cell (referred to as "lithium") combined with a nickel hydrate battery cell. In an alternative embodiment, any suitable battery cell composition may be used, including, but not limited to, lithium-ion, zinc-air, zinc oxide, supercharged zinc oxide, and fuel cells.

[0030] Each of the plurality of battery cells 110 is further electrically coupled to system 115. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, system 115 is located within battery pack 105. In an alternative embodiment, system 115 is located in a location remotely accessible to a user. System 115 receives data relating to a plurality of operating parameters for each of the plurality of battery cells 110. The plurality of operating parameters are, but are not limited to, the current, voltage, and temperature of each of the plurality of batteries. In one embodiment, battery pack 105 includes a battery telematics unit 405 (e.g., ...). Figure 4 As shown), it receives and temporarily stores data relating to multiple operating parameters of each of the multiple battery cells 110.

[0031] Based on multiple operating parameters, system 115 allows energy to be transferred from at least one of a plurality of battery cells 110 to storage cell 120. Storage cell 120 is electrically coupled to each of the plurality of battery cells 110 and also communicatively coupled to system 115. In one embodiment, if the plurality of battery cells 110 are connected in series with each other, the number of storage cells 120 is equal to the number of battery cells connected in series in battery pack 110. In another embodiment, if the plurality of battery cells 110 are connected in parallel, a single storage cell 120 is sufficient. Storage cell 120 is, but is not limited to, a supercapacitor, a pseudocapacitor, a double-layer capacitor, and a battery pack.

[0032] After energy transfer, each of the multiple battery cells 110 is in an ideal operating state, and the multiple battery cells 110 are balanced. Ideal operating state is achieved when the voltage increment of each of the multiple battery cells 110 is below a threshold. The structure and operating characteristics of system 115, as well as the method for balancing the multiple battery cells 110, will be explained in detail with reference to the following figures.

[0033] The battery pack 105 is further electrically coupled to a load 125. As described above, the battery pack 105 serves as an energy source in applications such as, but not limited to, transportation and telecommunications. Therefore, if the battery pack 105 is used in the transportation sector, the load 125 is one of the components of an electric vehicle. Similarly, if the battery pack is used in the telecommunications sector, the load 125 is, but not limited to, one of the telecommunications towers. Additionally, the battery pack 105 is configured to be removably coupled to a charging unit 130 for charging each of the plurality of battery cells 110 arranged within the battery pack 105.

[0034] System 115 also transmits data related to multiple operating parameters of battery pack 105 to server 135 via network 140. In one embodiment, after data related to multiple parameters is transmitted from system 115 to server 135, the relevant data is automatically copied from system 115. By doing so, it is ensured that system 115 does not accumulate previously stored data that has already been sent to server 135. Advantageously, system 115 does not bear a large amount of data exceeding its capacity, thereby ensuring the provision of effective monitoring services and improving the operational efficiency of system 115. It is understood that server 135 can be implemented in various computing systems, such as mainframes, network servers, clouds, etc.

[0035] Server 135 communicates with battery pack 105 via network 140. In one embodiment, a security hardware extension unit (SHE unit) is embedded within battery pack 105. The SHE unit ensures secure data communication between system 115 and server 135, thereby preventing third-party access to data. In an embodiment, network 140 may include wired and / or wireless connections, such as, but not limited to, local area network (LAN), Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), infrared, WiFi, GPRS, LTE, EDGE, etc.

[0036] Furthermore, system 115 communicates with user equipment 145 via network 140. In this way, user equipment 145 receives notifications relating to various operating parameters of battery pack 105 and multiple battery cells 110. In some embodiments, user equipment 145 enables a user to manually shut down battery pack 105 from a remote location in an emergency. Additionally, user equipment 145 is communicatively coupled to server 135. Furthermore, one of server 135 and system 115 is configured to provide the user with periodic reports on the health of battery pack 105. User equipment 145 is, but is not limited to, a display unit in a mobile phone, portable computer, personal digital assistant, handheld device, laptop computer, and electric vehicle.

[0037] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2A schematic diagram of a system 115 for balancing at least one of a plurality of battery cells 110 according to one or more embodiments of the present invention is shown. System 115 is coupled to each of the plurality of battery cells 110 arranged within a battery pack 105. System 115 facilitates the transfer of energy from at least one of the battery cells 110 to at least one of the storage cells 120.

[0038] As previously mentioned, the battery pack 105 includes a plurality of battery cells 110. However, for descriptive purposes, this description will focus on... Figure 2 The system 115 is explained by the term "single unit 110" in the illustrated embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the plurality of units 110 are referred to hereinafter as "unit 110".

[0039] System 115 includes multiple sensors 210, hereinafter referred to as "sensors 210". Sensors 210 are electrically coupled to battery 110 to measure multiple operating parameters of battery 110. Depending on the application of the sensor 210, the sensor 210 may be coupled to cell 110 wirelessly or via wires. Sensors 210 include, but are not limited to, current sensors, voltage sensors, impedance sensors, and temperature sensors. The multiple operating parameters correspond to, but are not limited to, the current, voltage, temperature, and state of charge of battery cell 110.

[0040] System 115 also includes a switching unit 215 electrically coupled to battery cell 110. More specifically, the anode of battery cell 110 is electrically coupled to component 220 of switching unit 215. Component 220 helps maintain one of a unidirectional flow of energy from the anode of battery 110 to component 220 and a controlled bidirectional flow, and restricts flow in the opposite direction. In one embodiment, component 220 is a diode. In an alternative embodiment, component 220 is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

[0041] In the illustrated embodiment, switching unit 215 includes a current control component 225 coupled to component 220. Current control component 225 helps provide protection to system 115 against current surges. A potential difference is generated during the transfer of energy from battery cell 110 to storage cell 120. In some cases, storage cell 120 may suffer damage such as a short circuit. In this situation, current control component 220 advantageously protects battery cell 110 and, consequently, battery pack 105 from damage. In one embodiment, current control component 225 is a field-effect transistor (but not limited to). In another embodiment, system 115 is provided independently of current control component 225.

[0042] Switching unit 215 also includes switch 230. Switch 230 is configured to allow and prevent energy transfer from battery unit 110 to storage unit 120. Switch 230 is one of, but not limited to, electromechanical switch, manual switch, toggle switch, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, insulated-gate bipolar transistor, and junction field-effect transistor.

[0043] A switching unit 215, comprising component 220, current control component 225, and switch 230, is subsequently coupled to storage unit 120. Thus, battery unit 110 is electrically coupled to at least one storage unit 120 via switching unit 215. Storage unit 120 is, but is not limited to, a supercapacitor, a pseudocapacitor, a supercapacitor, a double-layer capacitor, and a battery pack.

[0044] System 115 also includes a control unit 235. Control unit 235 may include at least one processor 240, an input / output (I / O) interface unit 245, and memory 250. At least one processor 240 may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, state machines, logic circuits, and / or any device that manipulates signals based on operating instructions. Among other capabilities, at least one processor 240 is configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 250.

[0045] I / O interface unit 245 may include various software and hardware interfaces, such as web interfaces, graphical user interfaces, light-emitting diodes, etc. I / O interface unit 245 allows a user to interact with control unit 235 directly or through user equipment 145. Furthermore, I / O interface unit 245 enables control unit 235 to communicate with other computing devices such as server 135 and external data servers (not shown). I / O interface 245 can facilitate multiple communications across various network and protocol types, including wired networks (e.g., LAN, cable, etc.) and wireless networks (e.g., WLAN, cellular, or satellite). In one embodiment, I / O interface unit 245 may include one or more ports for connecting multiple devices to each other or to another server.

[0046] The memory 250 may include any computer-readable medium known in the art, including, for example, volatile memory such as static random access memory and dynamic random access memory, and / or non-volatile memory such as read-only memory, erasable programmable ROM, flash memory, hard disk, optical disk and magnetic tape.

[0047] Control unit 235 is communicatively coupled to sensor 210 to receive data relating to multiple operating parameters of battery 110. Control unit 235 is also communicatively coupled to switching unit 215. More specifically, control unit 235 is coupled to switch 230 of switching unit 215 in one of two ways: electrically and communicatively. Control unit 235 is configured to selectively operate switch 230 to allow energy to be transferred from battery unit 110 to storage unit 120. (The remaining text appears to be unrelated and likely refers to further details about the control unit.) Figure 3 The operation and function of the control unit 235 and the battery unit 110 will be explained in more detail.

[0048] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A block diagram 300 of a battery pack 105 including a system 115 for balancing a plurality of battery cells 110 is shown according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. As previously described, the battery pack 105 includes a plurality of battery cells 110. Each of the plurality of battery cells 110 is electrically coupled to each other in one of the following combinations: series connection, parallel connection, or connection thereof.

[0049] For purposes of description and explanation, the plurality of cells 110 are explained herein with respect to the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d. However, it should be understood that, depending on the requirements of the application, the plurality of cells 110 may include additional numbers of cells besides the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure.

[0050] According to the illustrated embodiment, each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is coupled to each other in series. In an alternative embodiment, each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d may be coupled to each other in parallel or in a combination of series and parallel connections.

[0051] Since each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is connected in series with each other, the battery pack 105 includes a first storage cell 120a, a second storage cell 120b, a third storage cell 120c, and a fourth storage cell 120d, which are also connected in series with each other. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d is a supercapacitor. In an alternative embodiment, each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d is a supercapacitor, a pseudo-capacitor, a double-layer capacitor, and a battery pack.

[0052] Furthermore, battery cell 110 is electrically coupled to at least one storage cell 120 via switching unit 215, as previously described. Figure 2 As mentioned in the text. Therefore, the battery pack 105 includes a first switching unit 215a, a second switching unit 215b, a third switching unit 215c, and a fourth switching unit 215d.

[0053] refer to Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the first battery unit 110a is electrically coupled to the first storage unit 120a via the first switching unit 215a, the second battery unit 110b is electrically coupled to the second storage unit 120b via the second switching unit 215b, the third battery unit 110c is electrically coupled to the third storage unit 120c via the third switching unit 215c, and the fourth battery unit 110d is electrically coupled to the fourth storage unit 120d via the fourth switching unit 215d.

[0054] Battery pack 105 also includes a plurality of sensors 210 communicatively coupled to each of the first battery cell 110a, second battery cell 110b, third battery cell 110c, and fourth battery cell 110d via a first communication line 320a, a second communication line 320b, a third communication line 320c, and a fourth communication line 320d. Figure 2 (As shown). Multiple sensors 210 are configured to measure multiple operating parameters of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d. The measured operating parameters are then transmitted to a control unit 235 of the battery pack 105 via first, second, third, and fourth communication lines 320a-d. In the illustrated embodiment, the control unit 235 is located within the battery pack 105. In an alternative embodiment, the control unit 235 may be located in a location remotely accessible to the user.

[0055] Upon receiving multiple operating parameters, the control unit 235 determines the energy value (E(cell-N)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d. The energy value (E(cell-N)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d is defined as the energy stored in each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d at a given point in time.

[0056] The energy value (E(cell-N)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d is equal to the product of the nominal voltage SOC and the capacity of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d, divided by 100.

[0057] Energy value (E(cell-n)) = {(nominal voltage(cell-n)) * (SOC(cell-n)) * (capacity(cell-n))} / 100 ……………(Equation 1)

[0058] In one embodiment, the control unit 235 determines the energy value (E(cell-N)) at user-defined preset intervals. In an alternative embodiment, the control unit 235 determines the energy value (E(cell-n)) continuously and monitors the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d. In one embodiment, the control unit 235 determines the voltage and current of each of the first battery cell 110a, second battery cell 110b, third battery cell 110d, and fourth battery cell 110d based on measured operating parameters. Thereafter, the control unit 235 determines the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the first battery cell 110a, second battery cell 110b, third battery cell 110c, and fourth battery cell 110d by mapping the determined voltage value to the corresponding energy value according to an energy lookup table provided for the battery pack 105. In an alternative embodiment, the control unit 235 determines the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d based on the coulomb count of each of the energy values ​​(E(cell-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d.

[0059] Subsequently, the control unit 235 compares the energy values ​​(E(cell-n)) of each of the determined first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d with each other to select the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)). The minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) is the minimum energy value of at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d.

[0060] Furthermore, the control unit 235 determines the energy increment (DN) of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d. The energy increment of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d is the difference between the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) of at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d.

[0061] Energy increment (dn) = E(cell-n) - E(cell-min)…………(Equation 2)

[0062] When calculating the energy increment (DN) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d, the control unit 235 determines the excess energy available in at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d. The excess energy in at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d is transferred to one of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120d to balance the battery cells. Therefore, energy waste in the form of heat is advantageously reduced.

[0063] Subsequently, the control unit 235 determines the voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)) of each of the first storage units 120a, second storage units 120b, third storage units 110c, and fourth storage units 120d based on the energy to be transferred from at least one of the first battery units 110a, second battery units 110b, third battery units 110c, and fourth storage units 110d to at least one of the first storage units 120a, second storage units 120b, third storage units 110c, and fourth storage units 120d. The voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)) is the expected voltage level of each of the first storage units 120a, second storage units 120b, third storage units 120c, and fourth storage units 120d after receiving energy from at least one of the first battery units 110a, second battery units 110b, third battery units 110c, and fourth battery units 110d. The voltage set point (Vs(cap-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d is the square root of the ratio of twice the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d to the capacitance of each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d.

[0064] Voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)) = sqrt{(2 * energy value (E(cell-n)) / capacitance (C(cap-n))} ……………(Equation 3)

[0065] The control unit 235 also determines a time period Δtn for operating the switch unit 215. More specifically, the control unit 235 determines a time period for operating the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d, respectively, located in each of the first, second, third, and fourth switch units 215a-d. The control unit 235 determines the time period (OTN) for operating each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d based on the energy increment (DN) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery units 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d. More specifically, the control unit 235 determines the time period Δt(tn) by determining the time required to charge at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth storage units 120a-d. Therefore, the time period is defined as the ratio of the product of the capacitance and voltage set point (Vs(cap-n)) of each of the first storage unit 120a, second storage unit 120b, third storage unit 120c, and fourth storage unit 120d to the charging current.

[0066] Time period = {capacitance (C(cap-n)) * voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n))} / charging current ……………(Equation 4)

[0067] The charging current is a predefined value based on, but not limited to, the capacitance of the battery pack 105, the PCB thickness, and the rating of the switching unit 215.

[0068] In one embodiment, the control unit 235 further determines one of the equivalent resistance and on-resistance of each of the first switch 230a, the second switch 230b, the third switch 230c, and the fourth switch 230d based on the energy increment (DN) of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d.

[0069] Control unit 235 communicates with each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a, 230b, 230c, and 230d via first communication line 325a, second communication line 325b, third communication line 325c, and fourth communication line 325d. Therefore, control unit 235 selectively operates each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d for a defined time period (OT(TN)). In one embodiment, control unit 235 selectively operates each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d for a defined time period (OT(TN)) based on, but not limited to, the equivalent resistance and on-state resistance of each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d, the voltage set point (Vs(cap-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d, and combinations thereof.

[0070] Therefore, excess energy from at least one of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is transferred to the first storage cell 120a, the second storage cell 120b, the third storage cell 120c, and the fourth storage cell 120d, respectively. The energy transferred from at least one of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is based on the energy increment of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d.

[0071] After the energy transfer, each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is in an ideal operating state, and each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is considered to be in equilibrium.

[0072] In another embodiment, the control unit 235 selectively operates each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d based on the voltage increment of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d.

[0073] Therefore, when the voltage increment (Vdn) of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is less than a threshold, the ideal operating state of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is achieved. The voltage increment (Vdn) is defined as the difference between the voltage value (V(cell-n)) of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d and the minimum voltage value (V(cell-min)) of at least one of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d.

[0074] Voltage increment (Vdn) = V(Cell-n) - V(Cell-min)…………(Equation 2)

[0075] The threshold refers to a voltage range determined based on the type and composition of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d.

[0076] Furthermore, excess energy transferred from at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d to the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120d is advantageously used for one of the following: recharging at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d; providing energy to the load 125; or combinations thereof. Additionally, excess energy available in at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d is reused and not wasted as heat or other forms. Thus, system 115 ensures optimal utilization of the available energy in battery pack 105 and further ensures efficient utilization of battery pack 105.

[0077] In this respect, the battery pack 105 includes a battery cell load switch 305, a DC connection switch 310, and a storage unit switch 315. Each of the battery cell load switch 305, the DC connection switch 310, and the storage unit switch 315 is communicatively coupled to the control unit 235. When the battery cell load switch 305 and the storage unit switch 315 are actuated, at least one of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is charged via the first storage unit 120a, the second storage unit 120b, the third storage unit 120c, and the fourth storage unit 120d. Furthermore, when the battery cell load switch 305 and the DC connection switch 310 are actuated, each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d discharges to provide energy to the load 125 and is charged by the charging unit 130. Furthermore, when the DC connection switch 310 and the storage unit switch 315 are actuated, the energy stored in each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage units 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120d is used to provide energy to the load 125.

[0078] Figure 4 An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the control unit 410 of the system 405 of the battery pack 105 is located in a location remotely accessible to a user. As previously described, the battery pack 105 includes a plurality of battery cells 110, a switching unit 215 coupled to the plurality of battery cells 110, a storage unit 120, and a plurality of sensors 210 coupled to the plurality of battery cells 110 and the storage unit 120. The operation and arrangement of the battery pack 105 with respect to the plurality of battery cells 110, the switching unit 215, the storage unit 120, and the plurality of sensors 210 are similar to those described above. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The operations and layout shown and described. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, in Figure 4 It will no longer be described in the instruction manual.

[0079] The battery pack 105 also communicates with a control unit 410 located at a remote location via a network 140. Multiple sensors 210 transmit data via the network 140 relating to multiple operating parameters of the multiple cells 110. Based on these operating parameters, the control unit 410 determines the energy value (E(cell-n)), energy increment (dn), voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)), time period Δtn), and voltage value (V(cell-n)) of each of the multiple battery cells 110 based on provided corresponding equations. Subsequently, the control unit 410 allows energy to be transferred from at least one of the multiple battery cells 110 to at least one storage unit 120.

[0080] The control unit 410 of the illustrated embodiment is also configured to provide the user with real-time information regarding the energy value (E(cell-n)), energy increment (dn), voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)), balancing time period Δtn, and voltage value (V(cell-n)) of each of the plurality of battery cells 110. Therefore, the control unit 410 communicates with the user's user equipment 145 via the server 135. In one embodiment, the control unit 410 uses, as shown in... Figure 4A -F illustrates the information to the user in the form of illustrative graphics. In another embodiment, the control unit 410 notifies the user on the user device 145 via a pop-up message, thereby warning the user of unbalanced cells. In yet another embodiment, the user can manually trigger the balancing of at least one group of multiple battery cells 110 via the control unit 410. In this way, the battery pack 105 is continuously monitored by the user.

[0081] The various embodiments disclosed herein should be considered illustrative and explanatory in nature, and should in no way be construed as limiting this disclosure.

[0082] Industrial applicability

[0083] This disclosure provides a system 115 for balancing a plurality of battery cells 110 arranged within a battery pack 105. System 115 enables real-time balancing of the plurality of battery cells 110 during charging of the battery pack 105 and during operation of the battery pack 105. The battery pack 105 includes a plurality of battery cells 110 and at least one storage unit 120 disposed therein. The battery pack 105 also includes the system 115 for balancing the plurality of battery cells 110. System 115 includes a control unit 235 to effectively control a switching unit 215 to help transfer excess energy from the plurality of battery cells 110 to the storage unit 120.

[0084] The control unit 235, which communicates with the switching unit 215, facilitates the real-time transfer of excess energy, thus ensuring continuous operation of the battery pack 105. The transferred energy is used to recharge at least one of the plurality of battery cells 110, to provide energy to the load 125, or one combination thereof. Therefore, system 115 advantageously ensures minimal waste of excess energy as heat and ensures efficient operation of the battery pack 105. Since excess energy is reused by the battery pack without dissipating excess heat, the battery pack 105 requires no additional components to compensate for excess heat. Furthermore, since system 115 does not utilize hardware components susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMI), such as flyback converters, system 100 does not require additional hardware to ensure the robustness of the battery pack 105, thus ensuring the compactness of the battery pack 105.

[0085] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a method 500 for balancing a plurality of battery cells 110 within a battery pack 105 according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. For purposes of description and explanation, regarding such... Figure 3 The embodiment shown describes method 500.

[0086] In step 502, the control unit 235 of system 115 determines the energy value (E(cell-N)) of each of the plurality of cells 110.

[0087] refer to Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the battery pack 105 includes a plurality of sensors 210 to measure a plurality of operating parameters of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d. The plurality of sensors 210 also transmit data relating to the plurality of operating parameters to a control unit 235 via a first communication line 320a, a second communication line 320b, a third communication line 320c, and a fourth communication line 320d. The control unit 235 determines the energy value of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d at a given point in time, relative to the capacity of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d.

[0088] The energy value (E(cell-N)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d is equal to the ratio of the product of the nominal voltage, the state of charge (SOC), and the capacity of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d to 100. Therefore, according to Equation 1, the control unit 235 determines the energy value (E(cell-N)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d. Thus, the energy value (E(cell-1)) of the first battery cell 110a is 2448j, the energy value (E(cell-2)) of the second battery cell 110b is 2880j, the energy value (E(cell-3)) of the third cell cell 110c is 2592j, and the energy value (E(cell-4)) of the fourth cell cell 110d is 2749j.

[0089] For reference Figure 4A The graphic illustrations described herein depict the energy values ​​(E(cell-N)) along the y-axis and each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d along the x-axis. Figure 4AThe graphical representation clearly shows that the energy values ​​(E(cell-N)) of the first, second, third, and fourth batteries 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d are different, and therefore the control unit 235 determines that the battery pack 105 is unbalanced. When determining the energy value (E(cell-N)), the control unit 235 stores it in its memory 250. In one embodiment, the control unit 235 also transmits the energy value (E(cell-N)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d to the server 135, thereby improving the computational efficiency of the control unit 235.

[0090] Furthermore, the control unit 235 compares the energy values ​​(E(cell-1-4)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d with each other to determine the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) for selection. The control unit 235 compares the energy values ​​(E(cell-1)) of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b (E(cell-2)), the third battery cell 110c (E(cell-3)), and the fourth battery cell 110d (E(cell-4)) with each other. Figure 4A The graphical representation clearly shows that the energy value (E(cell-1)) of the first battery cell 110a is the smallest compared to the energy values ​​of the second battery cell 110b (E(cell-2)), the third battery cell 110c (E(cell-3)), and the fourth battery cell 110d (E(cell-4)). Therefore, the control unit 235 selects the energy value (E(cell-1)) of the first battery cell 110a as the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)).

[0091] In step 504, based on the determined energy values, method 500 determines the energy increment (DN) of each of the plurality of cells 110. The energy increment (dn) of each of the plurality of cells 110 is the difference between the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the plurality of cells 110 and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) of at least one of the plurality of cells 110. Figure 4B A graphical representation is shown depicting the energy increment (DN) along the y-axis and each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d along the x-axis.

[0092] As mentioned earlier, the energy value (E(cell-1)) of the first battery cell 110a is 2448j, and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) is also 2448j. Therefore, according to Equation 2, the energy increment D1 of the first battery cell 110a is 0.1. Figure 4B As shown.

[0093] Furthermore, the energy value (E(cell-2)) of the second battery cell 110b is 2880 J, and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) is 2448 J. Therefore, according to Equation 2, the energy increment D2 of the second battery cell 110b is 4321, as shown below. Figure 4B As shown.

[0094] Furthermore, the energy value (E(cell-3)) of the third battery cell 110c is 2592 J and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) is 2448 J. Therefore, according to Equation 2, the energy increment d3 of the third battery cell 110c is 144 J. Figure 4B As shown.

[0095] Furthermore, the energy value (E(cell-4)) of the fourth battery cell 110d is 2749 J and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) is 2448 J. Therefore, according to Equation 2, the energy increment d4 of the fourth battery cell 110d is 301 J.

[0096] In short, the first battery cell 110a has minimal available energy, so no excess energy is transferred to the first storage cell 120a. The second battery cell 110b has excess energy 432J that needs to be transferred to the second storage cell 120b. Similarly, the third battery cell 110c has excess energy 144J that needs to be transferred to the third storage cell 120c, and the fourth battery cell 110d has excess energy 301J that needs to be transferred to the fourth storage cell 120d.

[0097] Based on multiple operating parameters, the control unit 235 also determines the voltage (Vn) of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d, such as... Figure 4C As shown. Figure 4C The voltages along the y-axis and along the x-axis are plotted for each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d. According to the figure, the voltage V1 of the first battery 110a is equal to 4000V, the voltage V2 of the second battery 110b is equal to 4150V, the voltage V3 of the third battery cell 110c is equal to 4070V, and the voltage V4 of the fourth battery 110d is equal to 4100V.

[0098] Subsequently, the control unit 235 determines the voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d based on the energy to be transferred. The voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d is the square root of the ratio of the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a-d to the capacitance of each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d. Furthermore, according to... Figure 4D The voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)) is depicted along the y-axis, and each of the first memory cell 120a, the second memory cell 120b, the third memory cell 120c, and the fourth memory cell 120d is depicted along the x-axis.

[0099] According to Equation 3, the voltage setpoint Vs(CAP-1) of the first storage cell 120a is 0V, such as... Figure 4D As shown. Similarly, according to Equation 3, the voltage setpoint Vs(CAP-2) of the second memory cell 120b is 4.16V, the voltage setpoint Vs(CAP-3) of the third memory cell 120c is 2.40V, and the voltage setpoint Vs(CAP-4) of the fourth memory cell 120d is 3.47V, as follows. Figure 4D As shown.

[0100] At step 506, method 500 includes determining the time period for operating the switching unit 215 based on the energy increment (DN) of each of the plurality of battery cells 110. (See reference...) Figure 3 The control unit 235 determines the time period (ΔT) for operating each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d based on the energy increment (DN) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d. More specifically, the control unit 235 determines the time period Δt(tn) by determining the time required to charge at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d. The time period is defined as the ratio of the product of the capacitance and voltage setpoint (Vs(cap-n)) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d to the charging current. Furthermore, according to... Figure 4E The time period ω(tn) is depicted along the y-axis, and each of the first switch 230a, the second switch 230b, the third switch 230c, and the fourth switch 230d is depicted along the x-axis.

[0101] Control unit 235 determines the time period (T2) for operating the second switch 230b to transfer energy from the second battery cell 110b to the second storage cell 120b of 432j. According to Equation 4, the time period (T2) = 51.96 seconds. Figure 4E As shown.

[0102] Similarly, the control unit 235 determines the time periods (T3) and (T4) for transferring energy 144J and 301J from each of the third battery cell 110c and the fourth battery cell 110d to the third storage cell 120c and the fourth storage cell 120d, respectively. According to Equation 4, the time period (t3) = 30 seconds, and the time period (t4) = 43.37 seconds, as... Figure 4E As shown. Since the energy increment D1 of the first battery cell 110a is 01, the control unit 235 does not need to operate the first switch 230a, and therefore does not need to calculate the time period (T1).

[0103] In one embodiment, the control unit 235 further determines one of the equivalent resistance and on-resistance of each of the first switch 230a, the second switch 230b, the third switch 230c, and the fourth switch 230d based on the energy increment (DN) of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d.

[0104] At step 508, method 500 includes the following steps: selectively operating switching unit 215 for a time period (OT) to allow energy to be transferred from at least one of the plurality of battery cells 110 to storage unit 120. During the energy transfer, each of the plurality of battery cells 110 is in an ideal operating state, and the plurality of battery cells 110 are balanced.

[0105] refer to Figure 3 Control unit 235 communicates with each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a, 230b, 230c, and 230d via first communication line 325a, second communication line 325b, third communication line 325c, and fourth communication line 325d. Therefore, control unit 235 selectively operates each of the second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d within a corresponding time period. In one embodiment, control unit 235 selectively operates each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d within a corresponding time period based on, but not limited to, the equivalent resistance and on-resistance of each of the first, second, third, and fourth switches 230a-d, the voltage set point of each of the first, second, third, and fourth storage cells 120a-d, and combinations thereof.

[0106] Therefore, 432J of energy from the second battery cell 110b is transferred to the second storage cell 120b via the first switch 230a, the second switch 230b, the third switch 230c, and the fourth switch 230d, respectively; 144J of energy from the third battery cell 110c is transferred to the third storage cell 120c; and 301J of energy from the fourth battery cell 110d is transferred to the fourth storage cell 120d. More specifically, the control unit 235 operates the second switch 230b during a time period (T2) = 36.74 seconds to allow 432J of energy to be transferred from the second battery cell 110b to the second storage cell 120b. Similarly, the control unit 235 operates the third switch 230c and the fourth switch 230d for a duration (T3) of 21.21 seconds and a time period (T4) of 30.67 seconds, respectively, to allow 144J of energy to be transferred from the third battery cell 110c to the third storage cell 120c and 301J of energy to be transferred from the fourth battery cell 110d to the fourth storage cell 120d, respectively.

[0107] After the energy transfer, each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is in an ideal operating state, and each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d is considered to be in equilibrium.

[0108] After balancing each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d, the control unit 235 determines the voltage Vn of each of the first battery cell 110a, the second battery cell 110b, the third battery cell 110c, and the fourth battery cell 110d, such as... Figure 4F As shown. From Figure 4F and Figure 4C The graphs shown clearly show that the voltage (V1-4) of each of the first, second, third, and fourth battery cells 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d is below the threshold and operates under ideal conditions.

[0109] While various aspects of the invention have been specifically shown and described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various additional embodiments can be conceived by modifying the disclosed machines, systems, and methods without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Such embodiments should be understood to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims and any equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A system (115) for balancing multiple battery cells (110) arranged within a battery pack (105), characterized in that, The system (115) includes: Multiple sensors (210) electrically coupled to the multiple battery cells (110) to measure multiple operating parameters of each of the multiple battery cells (110); A switching unit (215) electrically coupled to each of the plurality of battery cells (110); and A control unit (235), communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of sensors (210) and a switching unit (215), wherein the control unit (235) is configured to: Based on data relating to multiple operating parameters of each of the plurality of battery cells (110), the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is determined, and the formula for calculating the energy value (E(cell-n)) is as follows: Energy value (E(cell-n)) = {(nominal voltage(cell-n)) * (SOC(cell-n)) * (capacity(cell-n))} / 100; The energy increment (Dn) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is determined based on the energy value (E(cell-n)); And selectively operate the switching unit (215) for a period of time, the period of time being determined based on the energy increment (Dn) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) to allow energy to be transferred from at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110) to the storage unit (120), the energy increment (Dn) being the difference between the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) of at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110), wherein, after the energy transfer, each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is in an ideal operating state and the plurality of battery cells (110) are balanced; wherein, The storage unit (120) is a capacitor.

2. The system (115) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ideal operating state is achieved when the voltage increment (Vdn) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is less than a threshold, wherein the voltage increment (Vdn) is the difference between the voltage value (V(cell-n)) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) and the minimum voltage value (V(cell-min)) of at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110).

3. The system (115) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The threshold is related to the voltage range determined based on the type of the plurality of battery cells (110).

4. The system (115) according to claim 1, characterized in that... Each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is electrically coupled to each other in one of the following combinations: series connection, parallel connection, or connection in series.

5. The system (115) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of operating parameters correspond to the current, voltage and temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells (110).

6. The system (115) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage unit (120) can be replaced by a battery pack.

7. The system (115) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching unit (215) is one of a switch, a transistor, and a MOSFET.

8. The system (115) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit (235) selectively operates the switching unit (215) based on one of the following: the voltage setpoint of the storage unit (120), the equivalent resistance / on-state resistance of the switching unit (215), and combinations thereof.

9. The system (115) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Energy transferred from at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110) to the storage unit (120) is used for one of the following: recharging at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110), providing energy to a load (125), or a combination thereof.

10. A method (500) for balancing a plurality of battery cells (110) within a battery pack (105) according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method (500) includes: Based on data relating to multiple operating parameters of each of the plurality of battery cells (110), the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is determined; The energy increment (dn) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is determined based on the energy value (E(cell-n)); The time period (Δtn) for operating the switching unit (215) is determined based on the energy increment (Dn); and The switching unit (215) is selectively operated for the duration (ω(tn)) to allow energy to be transferred from at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110) to the storage unit (120), wherein, after the energy transfer, each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is in an ideal operating state and the plurality of battery cells (110) are balanced.

11. The method (500) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The energy increment (Dn) is the difference between the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) of at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110).

12. The method (500) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The ideal operating state is achieved when the voltage increment (Vdn) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is less than a threshold, wherein the voltage increment (VDn) is the difference between the voltage value (V(cell-n)) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) and the minimum voltage value (V(cell-min)) of at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110).

13. The method (500) according to claim 10, characterized in that, Selectively operating the switching unit (215) for a determined time period (ωtn) is based on one of the following: the voltage setpoint of the storage unit (120), the equivalent resistance / on-state resistance of the switching unit (215), and combinations thereof.

14. The method (500) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The energy transferred from the plurality of battery cells (110) to the storage unit (120) is used for one of the following: recharging at least one of the plurality of battery cells (110), providing energy to a load (125), or a combination thereof.

15. A battery pack (105), characterized in that, include: Multiple battery cells (110) are arranged within the battery pack (105); Multiple sensors (210) electrically coupled to the multiple battery cells (110) to measure multiple operating parameters of each of the multiple battery cells (110); A switching unit (215) electrically coupled to each of the plurality of battery cells (110); A control unit (235), communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of sensors (210) and a switching unit (215), wherein the control unit (235) is configured to: Data relating to the operating parameters of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is received from the plurality of sensors (210); A plurality of energy values ​​(E(cell-n)) are determined based on data relating to the plurality of operating parameters of each of the plurality of battery cells (110), wherein each of the plurality of energy values ​​(E(cell-n)) corresponds to one of the plurality of battery cells (110); Select the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)) from the plurality of determined energy values; The energy increment (Dn) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is determined based on the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)), wherein the energy increment (Dn) is the difference between the energy value (E(cell-n)) of each battery cell and the minimum energy value (E(cell-min)). The time period (ωtn) for operating the switching unit (215) is determined based on the energy increment (Dn); The switching unit (215) is selectively operated for a determined time period (ΔVDn) to allow energy to be transferred from each of the plurality of battery cells (110) to the storage unit (120), wherein after the energy transfer, each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is in an ideal operating state and the plurality of battery cells (110) is balanced, wherein the ideal operating state is achieved when the voltage increment (Vdn) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110) is less than a threshold.

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