An experimental device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of experimental apparatus for assisting to study the relationship between irrigation and fertilization, including fertilization unit, water inlet unit, water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit and drainage unit, and the fertilization unit includes discharge pipe, discharge gate connected in discharge pipe and electronic scale below discharge pipe, water inlet unit includes water inlet pipe, water inlet meter and water inlet valve connected on water inlet pipe, water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit is used to receive fertilizer and water to mix water and fertilizer evenly and implement drip irrigation, and drainage unit includes drainage pipe laid under test crop, drainage valve and drainage meter connected in drainage pipe.The electronic scale is used to weigh the fertilizer, the water inlet meter is used to measure the water inflow, and the drainage meter is used to measure the water outflow;Thus, the water amount and fertilizer amount used by the crop are obtained, which provides the researchers with the data of the relationship between the crop and water and fertilizer, assists the researchers to study the relationship between the crop and water and fertilizer, and lays a foundation for constructing a reasonable fertilization-irrigation model.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water and fertilizer integration, and particularly relates to a test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization. BACKGROUND

[0002] Generally, crop irrigation caused by drought and flood disasters will affect soil fertility, and less or excessive soil fertility is not conducive to crop growth. In the traditional planting mode, artificial experience method is often used to solve the problem, which has low accuracy and cannot be widely spread. A reasonable irrigation-fertilization mode can greatly improve crop yield and quality on the original basis. At present, researchers have done more research on water and fertilizer integration, but most of them only control the amount of fertilizer without combining with the amount of water. At present, there is no device that can accurately control the amount of fertilizer and water to facilitate researchers to accurately control the amount of water and fertilizer and assist researchers in studying the relationship between crops and water and fertilizer. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the present application provides a test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization, which can accurately control the irrigation water amount and the fertilization amount, simulate the relationship between different fertilization amounts and irrigation water amounts, combine the physical and chemical properties, assist researchers in studying the relationship between crops and water and fertilizer, and lay a foundation for further constructing a reasonable fertilization-irrigation model, so as to solve the technical problems in the background art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0005] A test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization, comprising a fertilization unit, a water inlet unit, a water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit, and a drainage unit, the fertilization unit comprises a fertilizer storage tank, a discharge pipe in communication with the lower part of the fertilizer storage tank, a discharge gate connected in series in the discharge pipe, an electronic scale located below the lower end of the discharge pipe, and a conveying belt horizontally arranged above the electronic scale, the water inlet unit comprises a water tank, a water inlet pipe in communication with the lower part of the water tank at one end, a water inlet meter and a water inlet valve connected in series on the water inlet pipe, the end of the conveying belt and the end of the water inlet pipe are connected with the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit, the end of the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit is located above the root of the test crop to implement drip irrigation on the root of the crop, the drainage unit comprises a drainage pipe horizontally laid below the test soil where the test crop is planted and having a water permeable hole, a drainage valve connected in series with the drainage pipe and located outside the test soil, and a drainage meter.

[0006] Further, the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit comprises a mixing tank, a rotating shaft arranged in the mixing tank, stirring blades fixed on the rotating shaft, and a motor driving the rotating shaft to rotate, the ends of the conveying belt and the water inlet pipe respectively input the materials carried into the mixing tank for stirring and mixing.

[0007] Further, the rotating shaft is vertically arranged and both ends thereof are rotatably sealed out of the mixing tank, the motor is fixed to the top of the mixing tank and is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft outside the mixing tank is sleeved with a hand wheel.

[0008] Further, the top of the mixing tank is provided with a feeding funnel, and the fertilization unit further comprises a conveying groove, one end of which is connected with the tail end of the conveying belt, and the other end thereof is located above the feeding funnel.

[0009] Further, the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit further comprises a drip irrigation pipe connected with the mixing tank at one end and a drip irrigation valve connected in series with the drip irrigation pipe, the other end of the drip irrigation pipe is a blind end, a pipe section of the drip irrigation pipe located in the experimental soil is provided with drip holes, and the drip irrigation valve is located between the mixing tank and the drip holes close to the mixing tank.

[0010] Further, a filter screen is arranged at the connection between the drip irrigation pipe and the mixing tank.

[0011] Further, a filter layer is arranged below the experimental soil, and the pipe section of the drain pipe having the water permeable holes is located in the filter layer.

[0012] Further, the experimental device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation, drainage and fertilization further comprises a central control unit, and the central control unit is in electrical connection with the fertilization unit, the water inlet unit, the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit and the drainage unit.

[0013] Further, the central control unit comprises a shell, a PLC control board arranged in the shell, a plurality of electric control switches in electrical connection with the PLC control board and a display screen located on the side of the shell and in electrical connection with the PLC control board, the water inlet meter and the water outlet meter are electronic water meters or digital water meters, the PLC control board is in electrical connection with the electronic scale, the water inlet meter and the water outlet meter, the fertilizer amount weighed by the electronic scale, the water inlet amount measured by the water inlet meter and the water outlet amount measured by the water outlet meter are displayed on the display screen, the discharge gate, the water inlet valve, the water outlet valve and the drip irrigation valve are electric control gates or valves, and the plurality of electric control switches are respectively in electrical connection with the discharge gate, the water inlet valve, the water outlet valve and the drip irrigation valve to manually control the opening and closing.

[0014] Further, the central control unit further comprises a plurality of setting buttons, the plurality of setting buttons are located beside the display screen and electrically connected with the PLC control panel, the required preset fertilizer amount and the preset water inflow amount are input through the setting buttons and stored in the PLC control panel, the PLC control panel receives the weight information of the electronic scale and the water inflow amount information of the water inflow meter, and compares with the preset fertilizer amount and the preset water inflow amount respectively; when the weight information of the electronic scale is equal to the preset fertilizer amount, the PLC control panel controls the discharge gate to be closed; when the water inflow amount of the water inflow meter is equal to the preset water inflow amount, the PLC control panel controls the water inflow valve to be closed.

[0015] The present application has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. The electronic scale is used to weigh the fertilizer, the water inflow meter is used to measure the water inflow amount, the discharge gate and the water inflow valve are controlled to open or close, so that the fertilizer amount and the water amount are accurately controlled; the end of the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit is used to drip irrigation on the test crops planted on the test soil (test field or test box, cylinder, etc.), the drainage pipe located below the test soil is used to drain water, and the drainage amount is measured by the drainage meter; so that the total water amount (water inflow amount-drainage amount) used by the crops, the unit water amount (for example, water per square meter, water per mu, etc.), the total fertilizer amount used by the crops, and the unit fertilizer amount (for example, fertilizer per square meter, fertilizer per mu, etc.) are obtained, which provides researchers with data of the relationship between crops and water and fertilizer, assists researchers to study the relationship between crops and water and fertilizer, and lays a foundation for further building a reasonable fertilization-irrigation and drainage model.

[0017] 2. The fertilizer and water are fully mixed in the mixing tank by the stirring blades, so that the non-uniform fertilization after drip irrigation of the fertilizer with water is avoided; meanwhile, the filter screen can intercept the fertilizer which is not completely dissolved or dispersed into small particles in the mixing tank, so that these large particle fertilizers are prevented from entering the drip irrigation pipe, the fertilizer is ensured to be fully stirred, dissolved or dispersed in the mixing tank, and the non-uniform fertilization caused by the blockage of the drip holes and the large fertilization amount error are avoided.

[0018] 3. The discharge gate, the water inflow valve and the drainage valve are centrally controlled by the central control unit, so that the operation is facilitated; the values measured by the electronic scale, the water inflow meter and the drainage meter can be displayed on the display screen, so that the observation or recording is facilitated.

[0019] 4. The intelligent control is realized by the central control unit, the fertilizer amount and the water inflow amount are set first, then the central control unit opens the discharge gate and the water inflow valve, the electronic scale and the water inflow meter feed the values to the central control unit in real time, and the central control unit closes the discharge gate and the water inflow valve when the values meet the requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative labor.

[0021] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification, to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present application can be implemented, so they do not have technical significance. Any modification of structure, change of proportion relationship or adjustment of size, without affecting the effects and purposes that the present application can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present application.

[0022] Fig. 1 A structural schematic diagram of a test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0023] Fig. 2 A structural schematic diagram of a fertilization unit of the test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0024] Fig. 3 A partial structural schematic diagram of a water-fertilizer mixing and conveying unit of the test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Fig. 4 A panel diagram of a central control unit of the test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization provided by embodiments 2 and 3 of the present application;

[0026] Fig. 5 A schematic diagram of the central control unit of the test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization provided by embodiments 2 and 3 of the present application.

[0027] In the figure: 1-fertilization unit, 11-fertilizer storage tank, 12-discharge pipe, 13-discharge gate, 14-electronic scale, 15-conveying belt, 16-conveying groove, 2-water inlet unit, 21-water tank, 22-water inlet pipe, 23-water inlet meter, 24-water inlet valve, 3-water-fertilizer mixing and conveying unit, 31-mixing tank, 32-feeding hopper, 33-rotating shaft, 34-stirring blade, 35-motor, 36-hand wheel, 37-drip irrigation pipe, 38-drip irrigation valve, 39-filter screen, 4-drainage unit, 41-drainage pipe, 42-drainage valve, 43-drainage meter, 5-measuring cylinder, 51-filtration layer, 52-test soil, 6-central control unit, 61-housing, 62-PLC control board, 63-electric control switch, 64-display screen, 65-setting button. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present application is described in greater detail by the specific working examples below, from which those skilled in the art will readily discern other advantages and purposes of the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. Obviously, the described examples are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the examples of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and the like cited in the present specification are only for the convenience of clear description, not to limit the scope of the present application, and the change or adjustment of the relative relationship without substantial change of the technical content is also regarded as the implementable scope of the present application.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] As shown in Figs. 1 to 3 Example 1 provides a test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization, which includes a fertilization unit 1, a water inlet unit 2, a water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit 3, and a drainage unit 4.

[0032] The fertilization unit 1 is used for storing fertilizer and delivering fertilizer to the water-fertilizer mixing delivery unit 3 in a quantitative manner. In the embodiment, the fertilization unit 1 is arranged above the water-fertilizer mixing delivery unit 3, and the fertilizer in the fertilization unit 1 is transferred to the water-fertilizer mixing delivery unit 3 by gravity. Specifically, the fertilization unit 1 comprises a fertilizer storage tank 11, a discharge pipe 12, a discharge gate 13, an electronic scale 14, a conveying belt 15 and a conveying groove 16; the fertilizer storage tank 11 is fixed above the mixing tank 31 and has a certain height from the bottom of the mixing tank 31, so as to install the discharge pipe 12, the discharge gate 13, the electronic scale 14, the conveying belt 15 and the conveying groove 16; the bottom of the fertilizer storage tank 11 is downwardly convex, for example, in a conical shape, so as to automatically gather when the fertilizer "sees the bottom"; the discharge pipe 12 is vertically arranged and connected (communicated) with the downwardly convex part at the bottom of the tank; the discharge pipe 12 is connected with the discharge gate 13 in series, when the discharge gate 13 is opened, the fertilizer in the fertilizer storage tank 11 flows into the discharge pipe 12 under the action of gravity and continues to flow downwardly onto the conveying belt 15 below; the electronic scale 14 is installed on the top of the mixing tank 31 and below the discharge pipe 12, and has a certain spacing between the electronic scale 14 and the discharge pipe 12, so as to install the conveying belt 15 on the electronic scale 14; the conveying belt 15 is horizontally arranged on the electronic scale 14, and the electronic scale 14 is arranged to subtract the weight of the conveying belt 15, so that the weight measured by the electronic scale 14 is the net weight of the fertilizer when the fertilizer falls onto the conveying belt 15; the conveying groove 16 is arranged in an inclined manner, one end of the conveying groove 16 is connected with the tail end of the conveying belt 15, and the other end of the conveying groove 16 is above the feeding hopper 32; when the weighing is completed, the conveying belt 15 is started to transfer the fertilizer into the feeding hopper 32 through the conveying groove 16, the feeding hopper 32 is communicated with the mixing tank 31, and the fertilizer naturally falls into the mixing tank 31. Generally, the dry granular or fine powder fertilizer is stored in the fertilizer storage tank 11, and the discharge pipe 12 and the conveying groove 16 are smooth pipes and grooves, respectively, to avoid wall sticking.

[0033] The water inlet unit 2 is used for storing water and delivering water to the water-fertilizer mixing delivery unit 3 in a quantitative manner. In the embodiment, the water inlet unit 2 is higher than the water-fertilizer mixing delivery unit 3 as a whole, and the two units can be fixed by a support to achieve a height difference and gravity water supply. Specifically, the water inlet unit 2 comprises a water tank 21, a water inlet pipe 22, a water inlet meter 23 and a water inlet valve 24; the water tank 21 is higher than the height of the mixing tank 31, so as to supply water by gravity; one end of the water inlet pipe 22 is communicated with the lower part of the water tank 21, and the other end of the water inlet pipe 22 is communicated with the mixing tank 31; the water inlet meter 23 and the water inlet valve 24 are connected in series on the water inlet pipe 22, the water inlet amount is measured by the water inlet meter 23, and the water inlet amount is controlled by the water inlet valve 24.

[0034] The water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit 3 is used to mix water and fertilizer sufficiently and convey the mixed water and fertilizer to the crops for drip irrigation or irrigation. Specifically, the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit 3 comprises a mixing tank 31, a feeding funnel 32, a rotating shaft 33, stirring blades 34, an electric motor 35, a hand wheel 36, a drip irrigation pipe 37, a drip irrigation valve 38 and a filter screen 39. In this embodiment, a measuring cylinder 5 is used to simulate a test field for a clearer description. The bottom of the measuring cylinder 5 is paved with sand to form a filter layer 51, a certain thickness of test soil 52 is paved on the filter layer 51, and test crops are planted on the test soil 52. The mixing tank 31 is higher than the test crops and at least higher than the test soil 52, so that gravity can be used for drip irrigation. The feeding funnel 32 is arranged at the top of the mixing tank 31, and the fertilizer conveyed by the conveying groove 16 enters the mixing tank 31 through the feeding funnel 32. The rotating shaft 33 is rotatably fixed to the tank wall of the mixing tank 31 at both ends and extends out of the mixing tank 31 at both ends. The connection between the two ends and the tank wall is sealed to avoid water leakage. Generally, the rotating shaft 33 is arranged transversely or vertically, so that it can pass through both sides of the mixing tank 31. In this embodiment, the rotating shaft 33 is arranged vertically. A plurality of stirring blades 34 are installed on the rotating shaft 33 and are spirally distributed on the rotating shaft 33. The electric motor 35 is fixed to the top of the mixing tank 31 and is in transmission connection with the upper end of the rotating shaft 33. The hand wheel 36 is sleeved with the lower end of the rotating shaft 33 and is fixed thereto. When the electric motor 35 fails, manual stirring can be used. One end of the drip irrigation pipe 37 is in communication with the bottom of the mixing tank 31, and the other end is a blind end and extends into the measuring cylinder 5. The drip irrigation pipe 37 in the measuring cylinder 5 can have multiple branches and be provided with multiple drip holes. The drip irrigation pipe 37 is located above the roots of the test crops to implement drip irrigation on the roots of the crops. The drip irrigation valve 38 is connected in series on the drip irrigation pipe 37 and is located between the mixing tank 31 and the measuring cylinder 5. In this way, the drip irrigation can be controlled, and drip irrigation can be avoided when the water and fertilizer are not mixed uniformly. The filter screen 39 is arranged at the communication position of the drip irrigation pipe 37 and the mixing tank 31 to prevent undissolved or broken fertilizer from entering the drip irrigation pipe 37. Once large-particle fertilizer enters the drip irrigation pipe 37, it may block the drip holes, resulting in uneven drip irrigation and uneven fertilization.

[0035] The drainage unit 4 comprises a drainage pipe 41, a drainage valve 42 and a drainage water meter 43. The drainage pipe 41 is arranged transversely. The drainage pipe 41 paved in the filter layer 51 can have multiple branches and be provided with multiple water permeable holes to collect the water seeped down. The drainage valve 42 and the drainage water meter 43 are connected in series on the drainage pipe 41 located outside the measuring cylinder 5. If there is no measuring cylinder 5 and filter layer 51, a section of the drainage pipe 41 with water permeable holes is paved below the test soil 52 where the test crops are planted, and the other end is located in a low-lying place such as a drainage ditch.

[0036] The above is self-weight feeding, so the height of the fertilizer storage tank 11, the water tank 21 and the mixing tank 31 is required. Alternatively, the height of the fertilizer storage tank 11, the water tank 21 and the mixing tank 31 is not required, at which time a corresponding feeding device, such as a screw conveyor, a water pump, etc., needs to be added to realize power feeding.

[0037] The test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization provided by the embodiment uses a manual control mode, and when in use: 1, the discharge gate 13 is opened, the fertilizer falls on the conveying belt 15 to be weighed, and the reading of the electronic scale 14 is observed, and when the weight reaches the required weight, the discharge gate 13 is closed; 2, the water inlet valve 24 is opened, and the water inlet meter 23 is observed, and when the water inlet amount reaches the required water inlet amount, the water inlet valve 24 is closed; 3, the motor 35 switch (or the hand wheel 36 is shaken) is opened, the rotating shaft 33 is driven to rotate, the stirring blade 34 stirs the fertilizer and water uniformly, and the fertilizer is dissolved or turned into small particles; 4, the drip irrigation valve 38 is opened, the test crops are drip irrigated, and the water and fertilizer in the mixing tank 31 are drip irrigated until the water and fertilizer are drip irrigated; 5, after a period of time, the drain valve 42 is opened, and the water extending into the filter layer 51 is drained (this part of water cannot be absorbed by the crop root system, and is intended to simulate other links in the water cycle); and the drainage amount is recorded by the drain meter 43.

[0038] On the one hand, the electronic scale 14 is used to weigh the fertilizer, the water inlet meter 23 is used to measure the water inlet amount, the discharge gate 13 and the water inlet valve 24 are controlled to be opened or closed, the fertilizer amount and the water amount are accurately controlled, the end of the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit 3 is used to drip irrigate the test crops planted on the test soil 52 (test field or test box, cylinder, etc.), the drainage pipe 41 located below the test soil 52 is used to drain water, and the drainage amount is measured by the drain meter 43; so as to obtain the total water amount (water inlet amount-drainage amount) used by the crops, the unit water amount (for example, water per square meter, water per mu, etc.), the total fertilizer amount used by the crops, and the unit fertilizer amount (for example, fertilizer per square meter, fertilizer per mu, etc.), to provide the researchers with the data of the relationship between the crops and the water and fertilizer, to assist the researchers in studying the relationship between the crops and the water and fertilizer, and to lay a foundation for further constructing a reasonable fertilization-irrigation model. On the other hand, the fertilizer and the water are stirred by the stirring blade 34 in the mixing tank 31 to be fully mixed, so as to avoid the situation that the fertilizer is not uniformly fertilized after being drip irrigated with the water; and the filter screen 39 can intercept the fertilizer which is not completely dissolved or dispersed into small particles in the mixing tank 31, so as to prevent the large particle fertilizer from entering the drip irrigation pipe 37 and causing uneven fertilization due to the blockage of the drip holes.

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] As Figs. 1 to 5As shown, Example 2 provides another experimental device to assist in studying the relationship between irrigation, drainage and fertilization. It is a further improvement on Example 1, with the addition of a central control unit 6. The central control unit 6 can uniformly control the fertilization unit 1, the water inlet unit 2, the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit 3 and the drainage unit 4.

[0041] In this embodiment, the central control unit 6 includes a housing 61, a PLC control board 62, multiple electrical switches 63, and a display screen 64. The housing 61 is fixed to the outside of the fertilizer storage tank 11, water tank 21, mixing tank 31, or measuring cylinder 5, or it can be independently fixed to a bracket or other location. The PLC control board 62 is located inside the housing 61 and is electrically connected to the electrical switches 63, the display screen 64, the electronic scale 14, the inlet water meter 23, and the outlet water meter 43. The electrical switches 63 and the display screen 64 are both located on the outside of the housing 61 and on the same side. Multiple electrical control switches 63 are provided, corresponding to and electrically connected to the discharge gate 13, conveyor belt 15, water inlet valve 24, motor 35, drip irrigation valve 38, and drain valve 42, respectively. The discharge gate 13, water inlet valve 24, drain valve 42, and drip irrigation valve 38 are all electrically controlled gates or valves. Control of the discharge gate 13, conveyor belt 15, water inlet valve 24, motor 35, drip irrigation valve 38, and drain valve 42 is achieved by manually pressing the electrical control switches 63. The display screen 64 displays the fertilizer application amount measured by the electronic scale 14, the water inlet volume measured by the water inlet meter 23, and the drainage volume measured by the drain water meter 43.

[0042] The amount of fertilizer weighed by the electronic scale 14, the amount of water inlet measured by the water inlet meter 23, and the amount of water outlet measured by the water outlet meter 43 can be observed through the display screen 64. The corresponding discharge gate 13, conveyor belt 15, water inlet valve 24, motor 35, drip irrigation valve 38 and drainage valve 42 can be controlled by the electric control switch 63. The operation and control are more centralized and easy to operate, and it is also convenient to observe and record the values ​​measured by the electronic scale 14, water inlet meter 23 and water outlet meter 43.

[0043] Compared with the experimental device of Example 1, the experimental device of Example 2 for the auxiliary study of the relationship between irrigation and fertilization has the advantage of centralized control.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] like Figs. 1 to 5 As shown, Example 3 provides another experimental device for assisting in the study of the relationship between irrigation and fertilization. It is a further improvement on Example 2, with multiple setting buttons 65 added to the central control unit 6.

[0046] A plurality of setting buttons 65 are located beside the display screen 64 and are electrically connected with the PLC control board 62, which is electrically connected with the discharge gate 13, the conveying belt 15, the water inlet valve 24, the electric motor 35, the drip irrigation valve 38 and the drainage valve 42. The required preset fertilizer amount and the preset water inlet amount are input through the setting buttons 65 and are stored in the PLC control board 62. The PLC control board 62 receives the weight information of the electronic scale 14 and the water inlet amount information of the water inlet meter 23, and compares them with the preset fertilizer amount and the preset water inlet amount respectively; when the weight information of the electronic scale 14 is equal to the preset fertilizer amount, the PLC control board 62 controls the discharge gate 13 to be closed; when the water inlet amount of the water inlet meter 23 is equal to the preset water inlet amount, the PLC control board 62 controls the water inlet valve 24 to be closed, so as to realize precise control of fertilizer and water.

[0047] The fertilizer amount and the water inlet amount are set first, then the PLC control board 62 controls the discharge gate 13 and the water inlet valve 24 to be opened, the electronic scale 14 and the water inlet meter 23 feed the real-time values to the PLC control board 62, when the values meet the requirements, the PLC control board 62 controls the discharge gate 13 and the water inlet valve 24 to be closed; at the same time or during the fertilizer and water inlet, the PLC control board 62 controls the electric motor 35 to work, so as to make the water and the fertilizer be fully mixed; after the discharge gate 13 and the water inlet valve 24 are closed for a period of time, the PLC control board 62 controls the drip irrigation valve 38 to be opened, so as to implement drip irrigation; after drip irrigation for a period of time, the PLC control board 62 controls the drainage valve 42 to be opened, so as to drain water, and receives and records the values of the drainage meter 43.

[0048] Compared with the test device of embodiment 2, the test device of embodiment 3 for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation and drainage and fertilization has the advantage of intelligent control.

[0049] Although the present application has been described in detail by the general description and the specific embodiments above, some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present application, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made on the basis of not deviating from the spirit of the present application are within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An experimental device to assist in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization, characterized in that, The test device comprises a fertilization unit (1), a water inlet unit (2), a water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit (3), and a drainage unit (4). The fertilization unit (1) comprises a fertilizer storage tank (11), a discharge pipe (12) in communication with the lower part of the fertilizer storage tank (11), a discharge gate (13) connected in series to the discharge pipe (12), an electronic scale (14) located below the lower end of the discharge pipe (12), and a conveying belt (15) transversely arranged above the electronic scale (14). The water inlet unit (2) comprises a water tank (21), a water inlet pipe (22) in communication with the lower part of the water tank (21), a water inlet meter (23) and a water inlet valve (24) connected in series to the water inlet pipe (22). The end of the conveying belt (15) and the end of the water inlet pipe (22) are connected to the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit (3). The end of the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit (3) is located above the root of the test crop to implement drip irrigation on the root of the crop. The drainage unit (4) comprises a drainage pipe (41) transversely laid below the test soil (52) where the test crop is planted and having water permeable holes, a drainage valve (42) and a drainage meter (43) connected in series to the drainage pipe (41) and located outside the test soil (52). The test device for assisting in studying the relationship between irrigation, drainage and fertilization further comprises a central control unit (6) electrically connected to the fertilization unit (1), the water inlet unit (2), the water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit (3), and the drainage unit (4). The central control unit (6) comprises a housing (61), a PLC control board (62) arranged in the housing (61), a plurality of electric control switches (63) electrically connected to the PLC control board (62), and a display screen (64) located on the side of the housing (61) and electrically connected to the PLC control board (62). The water inlet meter (23) and the drainage meter (43) are electronic water meters or digital water meters. The PLC control board (62) is electrically connected to the electronic scale (14), the water inlet meter (23), and the drainage meter (43). The display screen (64) displays the amount of fertilizer weighed by the electronic scale (14), the amount of water measured by the water inlet meter (23), and the amount of drainage measured by the drainage meter (43). The discharge gate (13), the water inlet valve (24), the drainage valve (42), and the drip irrigation valve (38) are electrically controlled gates or valves. The plurality of electric control switches (63) are electrically connected to the discharge gate (13), the water inlet valve (24), the drainage valve (42), and the drip irrigation valve (38) to manually control the opening and closing. The central control unit (6) further comprises a plurality of setting buttons (65) located beside the display screen (64) and electrically connected with the PLC control panel (62), through which the required preset fertilizer amount and preset water amount are input and stored in the PLC control panel (62), the PLC control panel (62) receives the weight information of the electronic scale (14) and the water amount information of the water meter (23), and compares them with the preset fertilizer amount and the preset water amount respectively; when the weight information of the electronic scale (14) is equal to the preset fertilizer amount, the PLC control panel (62) controls the discharge gate (13) to close; when the water amount of the water meter (23) is equal to the preset water amount, the PLC control panel (62) controls the water inlet valve (24) to close. The water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit (3) comprises a mixing tank (31), a rotating shaft (33) arranged in the mixing tank (31), stirring blades (34) fixed on the rotating shaft (33), and a motor (35) driving the rotating shaft (33) to rotate, and the ends of the conveying belt (15) and the water inlet pipe (22) respectively input the conveyed materials into the mixing tank (31) for stirring and mixing. The test soil (52) is provided with a filter layer (51) below, and the pipe section with the water permeable holes of the drain pipe (41) is located in the filter layer (51).

2. The test apparatus to assist in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization according to claim 1, wherein, The rotating shaft (33) is vertically arranged and both ends thereof are rotatably sealed and pass through the mixing tank (31), the motor (35) is fixed on the top of the mixing tank (31) and is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft (33), and a hand wheel (36) is fixedly sleeved on the bottom end of the rotating shaft (33) outside the mixing tank (31).

3. The test apparatus to assist in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization according to claim 1, wherein, The top of the mixing tank (31) is provided with a feeding hopper (32), and the fertilizer unit (1) further comprises a conveying groove (16), one end of which is connected with the tail end of the conveying belt (15), and the other end thereof is located above the feeding hopper (32).

4. The test apparatus to assist in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization according to claim 1, wherein, The water and fertilizer mixing and conveying unit (3) further comprises a drip irrigation pipe (37) having one end in communication with the mixing tank (31) and a drip irrigation valve (38) connected in series on the drip irrigation pipe (37), the other end of the drip irrigation pipe (37) is a blind end, the pipe section of the drip irrigation pipe (37) located in the test soil (52) is provided with drip holes, and the drip irrigation valve (38) is located between the mixing tank (31) and the drip holes close to the mixing tank (31).

5. The test apparatus to assist in studying the relationship between irrigation and fertilization according to claim 4, wherein, A filter screen (39) is arranged at the communication position of the drip irrigation pipe (37) and the mixing tank (31).

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