Electrochemical machining device and method for internal injection and external extraction of liquid

Abstract

The application discloses an electrolytic processing device and method for internally spraying and externally pumping liquid, which comprises a hollow cathode rod, a ring-shaped tooth-shaped cathode sheet and a ring-shaped drainage sheet; further comprises a liquid pumping pipe in communication with a pumping device, which is coaxially arranged outside the hollow cathode rod; a liquid pumping channel is arranged between the liquid pumping pipe and the hollow cathode rod; the bottom of the liquid pumping pipe extends to above the ring-shaped tooth-shaped cathode sheet, a liquid pumping opening in communication with the liquid pumping channel is arranged between the liquid pumping pipe and the ring-shaped tooth-shaped cathode sheet; in the working state, part of the electrolyte successively passes through the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod, the liquid spraying opening of the hollow cathode rod, the liquid outlet groove between the ring-shaped tooth-shaped cathode sheet and the ring-shaped drainage sheet, the liquid pumping opening and the liquid pumping channel. The application can pump out the accumulated liquid and electrolytic products generated in the processing process in real time, and prevent short circuit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to an electrolytic machining device and method, in particular to an electrolytic machining device and method with internal spraying and external pumping of liquid. BACKGROUND

[0002] Internal gear belongs to a commonly used transmission part, which is widely used in the mechanical industry such as automobile manufacturing, agricultural machinery, and marine equipment.

[0003] The common machining methods for internal gear include gear shaping and broaching. The gear shaping process is generally processed tooth by tooth, which is low in efficiency. The gear broaching process is helpless for blind holes, and both processes have the problems of serious tool wear and high cost. Compared with traditional machining, electrolytic machining has the characteristics of wide machining range, high production efficiency, good surface quality, no mechanical cutting force, and no loss of cathode tool, which is especially suitable for machining of difficult-to-machine materials and complex parts.

[0004] The application with the application publication number CN113305378A discloses an electrolytic machining device and a machining method thereof. A hollow cathode rod is adopted, the upper end of the hollow cathode rod is used for liquid inlet, and the lower end of the hollow cathode rod is closed. The lower part of the cathode rod is assembled with a ring-shaped tooth-shaped cathode sheet and a drainage ring sheet. The surface of the drainage ring sheet that is attached to the cathode sheet is processed with a radial liquid outlet groove. The groove position corresponds to the tooth shape position.

[0005] The above-mentioned electrolytic machining device has the following technical problems:

[0006] When machining the internal gear or keyway in the blind hole, the electrolyte sprayed along the machining gap in the radial direction encounters the wall of the blind hole, is turned 90° upward, and falls back into the hole of the workpiece after reaching a certain height. Liquid accumulation is generated on the upper part of the cathode sheet, which greatly increases the resistance of electrolyte spraying, hinders the discharge of electrolytic products, and causes short circuit during machining. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the above-mentioned problems, and to provide an electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external pumping of liquid. The electrolytic machining device can pump out the liquid accumulation and electrolytic products generated during machining in real time, and prevent short circuit.

[0008] Another purpose of the present application is to provide an electrolytic machining method with internal spraying and external pumping of liquid.

[0009] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0010] An electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external pumping of liquid, comprising a hollow cathode rod, a ring-shaped tooth-shaped cathode sheet, and a ring-shaped drainage sheet.

[0011] Further comprising a liquid pumping pipe in communication with the suction device, the liquid pumping pipe being coaxially arranged on the outside of the hollow cathode rod. A liquid pumping channel is arranged between the liquid pumping pipe and the hollow cathode rod.

[0012] The bottom of the liquid suction pipe extends above the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet, and a liquid suction opening in communication with the liquid suction channel is arranged between the liquid suction pipe and the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet.

[0013] In the working state, part of the electrolyte sequentially passes through the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod, the liquid injection opening of the hollow cathode rod, the liquid outlet groove between the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet and the annular drainage sheet, the liquid suction opening and the liquid suction channel.

[0014] The working principle of the above-mentioned electrolytic machining device with internal liquid injection and external liquid suction is as follows:

[0015] During work, the hollow cathode rod is fixed on the Z-axis slide plate of the machine tool, and is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, the workpiece is fixed on the machine tool workbench through a clamp and is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the clamp is adjusted to ensure that the hollow cathode rod is coaxial with the bottom hole of the workpiece.

[0016] The liquid supply device is turned on to supply liquid, the electrolyte enters the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod, and then is sprayed out from the liquid injection opening of the hollow cathode rod, and then is sprayed into the machining gap through the liquid outlet groove between the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet and the annular drainage sheet, as the Z-axis of the machine tool descends, the material of the workpiece below the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet is removed, and internal tooth machining is realized.

[0017] During this process, part of the electrolyte sprayed into the machining gap is sprayed upwards after colliding with the side wall of the blind hole, and then falls back into the blind hole due to the action of gravity, so that part of the liquid is accumulated above the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet in the blind hole. Under the action of the suction device, the accumulated liquid can be transferred out along the liquid suction opening and the liquid suction channel between the liquid suction pipe and the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet, and at the same time, the machining products are taken out, so as to prevent short circuit.

[0018] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the inner wall of the liquid suction pipe is matched with the corresponding position of the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod;

[0019] The liquid suction channel is arranged on the inner wall of the liquid suction pipe or the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod. Through the above structure, the inner wall of the liquid suction pipe and the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod are tightly matched, the liquid suction pipe is stably sucked, and vibration does not occur, the liquid suction pipe and the hollow cathode rod are kept in contact rather than suspended through the slot, the liquid suction gap along the circumferential gap is kept consistent, the suction speed of each part of the liquid accumulation cavity is uniform, the liquid outlet resistance of each liquid suction channel is consistent, and the machining precision is improved.

[0020] Further, the extension direction of the liquid suction channel is parallel to the axis of the hollow cathode rod, and a plurality of liquid suction channels are arranged.

[0021] Further, the liquid suction channel extends in a spiral shape.

[0022] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, a liquid collecting groove is arranged on the inner wall of the liquid suction pipe or the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod, and the liquid collecting groove is arranged above the liquid suction channel and communicates with the liquid suction channel.

[0023] The upper end of the liquid suction pipe is connected with a liquid suction connector which communicates between the suction device and the liquid collecting groove.

[0024] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet and the annular drainage sheet are fitted and sleeved on the lower end of the hollow cathode rod.

[0025] Further, the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet is connected with the hollow cathode rod through a tapered positioning surface;

[0026] A fastener is arranged below the annular drainage sheet for locking the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet and the annular drainage sheet on the hollow cathode rod.

[0027] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet is axially positioned with the lower end side wall step surface of the hollow cathode rod through the upper surface.

[0028] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, a plurality of liquid outlet grooves are arranged on the annular drainage sheet and overlap with the tooth structure of the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet.

[0029] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the bottom of the hollow cathode rod is closed by a flow guide cone, and the flow guide cone is positioned with the stepped step surface or the tapered surface in the hollow cathode rod through its own stepped step surface or tapered surface; the flow guide cone is fixed on the hollow cathode rod through a nut.

[0030] An electrolytic processing method of internal liquid injection and external liquid suction, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Positioning the hollow cathode rod with the workpiece to be processed;

[0032] Connecting the hollow cathode rod with the negative pole of the power supply and connecting the workpiece to be processed with the positive pole of the power supply;

[0033] Opening the electrolytic working liquid circulating system to supply liquid, and opening the suction device to suction liquid;

[0034] Starting the machine tool, controlling the Z-axis movement of the machine tool, and making the hollow cathode rod feed along the workpiece in the axial direction to realize processing.

[0035] During the machining process, the electrolyte enters the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod, and then is sprayed out from the liquid spraying port of the hollow cathode rod, and then is sprayed into the machining gap through the liquid outlet groove between the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet and the annular drainage sheet; part of the electrolyte sprayed into the machining gap is sprayed upwards after colliding with the side wall of the blind hole, so that part of the liquid is accumulated above the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet in the blind hole; under the action of the suction device, the accumulated liquid is transferred out along the liquid suction port and the liquid suction channel between the liquid suction tube and the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet, and the machining product is also taken out at the same time.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the electrolytic machining device has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The electrolytic machining device can suck out the accumulated liquid and electrolytic product generated during the machining process by arranging the liquid suction tube on the outer side of the hollow cathode rod, so that short circuit is prevented.

[0038] 2. The liquid suction tube can avoid secondary machining caused by the long-time action of the hollow cathode rod body on the machined surface of the workpiece, and ensure the machining quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a front view of the electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external liquid suction according to the present application.

[0040] Figure 2 It is a partial sectional view of the electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external liquid suction according to the present application.

[0041] Figure 3 It is a front view of one of the embodiments of the hollow cathode rod according to the present application.

[0042] Figure 4 It is a front view of another embodiment of the hollow cathode rod according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order for those skilled in the art to have a better understanding of the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described below in combination with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] Referring to Figures 1-3 The electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external liquid suction according to the present application comprises a hollow cathode rod 1, an annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2, an annular drainage sheet 3, and a liquid suction tube 4 in communication with a suction device; the liquid suction tube 4 is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the hollow cathode rod 1; a liquid suction channel 5 is arranged between the liquid suction tube 4 and the hollow cathode rod 1; the bottom of the liquid suction tube 4 extends to above the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2, and a liquid suction port in communication with the liquid suction channel 5 is arranged between the liquid suction tube 4 and the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2.

[0046] In the working state, part of the electrolyte successively passes through the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod 1, the liquid injection port of the hollow cathode rod 1, the liquid outlet groove between the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 and the annular drainage sheet 3, the liquid suction port and the liquid suction channel 5.

[0047] Referring to Figures 1-3 , the inner wall of the liquid suction pipe 4 is in close contact with the position corresponding to the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod 1; and the liquid suction channel 5 is arranged on the inner wall of the liquid suction pipe 4. Through the above structure, the inner wall of the liquid suction pipe 4 and the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod 1 are tightly fitted, which ensures that the liquid suction pipe 4 stably sucks liquid and does not vibrate. The slotted structure ensures that the liquid suction pipe 4 and the hollow cathode rod 1 are in contact along the whole length instead of being suspended, so that the liquid suction gap along the circumferential gap is consistent, the suction speed of each part of the liquid accumulation cavity is uniform, the liquid outlet resistance of each liquid suction channel 5 is consistent, and the machining precision is improved.

[0048] Further, the extension direction of the liquid suction channel 5 is parallel to the axis of the hollow cathode rod 1, and a plurality of liquid suction channels 5 are arranged along the circumferential direction.

[0049] Referring to Figures 1-3 , the inner wall of the liquid suction pipe 4 is provided with a liquid collecting groove 6, which is arranged above the liquid suction channel 5 and communicates with the liquid suction channel 5; the upper end of the liquid suction pipe 4 is connected with a liquid suction connector 7, which communicates between the suction device and the liquid collecting groove 6.

[0050] Referring to Figures 1-3 , the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 and the annular drainage sheet 3 are fitted and sleeved on the lower end of the hollow cathode rod 1.

[0051] Further, the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 is connected with the hollow cathode rod 1 through a tapered positioning surface; and the lower part of the annular drainage sheet 3 is provided with a fastener 8 for locking the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 and the annular drainage sheet 3 on the hollow cathode rod 1.

[0052] Referring to Figures 1-3 , in one preferred embodiment of the present application, the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 is axially positioned through the upper surface and the lower end side wall step surface of the hollow cathode rod 1.

[0053] Referring to Figures 1-3 , the annular drainage sheet 3 is provided with a plurality of liquid outlet grooves which overlap the tooth structure of the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2.

[0054] Referring to Figures 1-3 , the bottom of the hollow cathode rod 1 is closed by a flow guide cone 9, and the flow guide cone 9 is positioned with the stepped surface or the tapered surface of the flow guide cone 9 and the stepped surface or the tapered surface in the hollow cathode rod 1; and the flow guide cone 9 is fixed on the hollow cathode rod 1 by a nut 10.

[0055] Referring toFigures 1-3 The working principle of the electrolytic processing device of the present embodiment is as follows:

[0056] During operation, the hollow cathode rod 1 is fixed on the Z-axis slide plate of the machine tool, and is connected to the negative pole of the power supply. The workpiece is fixed on the worktable of the machine tool by a clamp, and is connected to the positive pole of the power supply. The clamp is adjusted to ensure that the hollow cathode rod 1 is coaxial with the bottom hole of the workpiece.

[0057] The electrolyte supply device is turned on to supply electrolyte. The electrolyte enters the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod 1, and is sprayed out of the spray port of the hollow cathode rod 1. After passing through the liquid outlet groove between the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 and the annular drainage sheet 3, the electrolyte is sprayed into the machining gap. As the Z-axis of the machine tool descends, the material of the workpiece below the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 is removed, and the internal tooth is machined.

[0058] During this process, part of the electrolyte sprayed into the machining gap is sprayed upward after hitting the side wall of the blind hole. Due to the action of gravity, the electrolyte falls back into the blind hole, causing part of the electrolyte to accumulate above the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 in the blind hole. Under the action of the suction device, the accumulated electrolyte is transferred out along the suction port between the suction pipe 4 and the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 and the suction channel 5, and the machining products are also carried out, thereby preventing short circuit.

[0059] Referring to Figures 1-3 The electrolytic processing method of the present embodiment includes the following steps:

[0060] The hollow cathode rod 1 is positioned with the workpiece to be machined.

[0061] The hollow cathode rod 1 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the workpiece to be machined is connected to the positive pole of the power supply.

[0062] The electrolyte circulation system is turned on to supply electrolyte, and the suction device is turned on to suck electrolyte.

[0063] The machine tool is started, and the movement of the Z-axis of the machine tool is controlled to make the hollow cathode rod 1 feed axially along the workpiece, thereby realizing machining.

[0064] During machining, the electrolyte enters the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod 1, and is sprayed out of the spray port of the hollow cathode rod 1. After passing through the liquid outlet groove between the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 and the annular drainage sheet 3, the electrolyte is sprayed into the machining gap. Part of the electrolyte sprayed into the machining gap is sprayed upward after hitting the side wall of the blind hole, causing part of the electrolyte to accumulate above the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 in the blind hole. Under the action of the suction device, the accumulated electrolyte is transferred out along the suction port between the suction pipe 4 and the annular tooth-shaped cathode sheet 2 and the suction channel 5, and the machining products are also carried out.

[0065] Embodiment 2

[0066] Different from embodiment 1, the suction channel 5 of the present embodiment is formed on the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod 1.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] See also Figure 4 , which is different from Example 1, the liquid extraction channel 5 of this embodiment extends in a spiral shape.

[0069] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above content. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external extraction, comprising a hollow cathode rod, an annular toothed cathode sheet, and an annular drainage sheet; characterized in that: It also includes a liquid extraction pipe connected to the suction device, the liquid extraction pipe is coaxially arranged on the outside of the hollow cathode rod; a liquid extraction channel is provided between the liquid extraction pipe and the hollow cathode rod; The bottom of the liquid extraction tube extends to the top of the annular toothed cathode sheet, and a liquid extraction port communicating with the liquid extraction channel is provided between the liquid extraction tube and the annular toothed cathode sheet; In the working state, part of the electrolyte passes through the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod, the liquid spraying port of the hollow cathode rod, the liquid outlet trough between the annular toothed cathode piece and the annular drainage piece, the liquid extraction port and the liquid extraction channel in sequence; The inner wall of the liquid extraction tube fits in place with the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod; The liquid extraction channel is opened on the inner wall of the liquid extraction tube or the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod; The extension direction of the liquid extraction channel is parallel to the axis of the hollow cathode rod. There are multiple liquid extraction channels, and the multiple liquid extraction channels are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction. A liquid collecting groove is provided on the inner wall of the liquid extraction pipe or the outer wall of the hollow cathode rod. The liquid collecting groove is arranged above the liquid extraction channel and is connected to the liquid extraction channel. The upper end of the liquid extraction pipe is connected to a liquid extraction joint, and the liquid extraction joint is connected between the suction device and the liquid collecting tank; The electrolytic machining method of the electrolytic machining device comprises the following steps: Position the hollow cathode rod and the workpiece; Connect the hollow cathode rod to the negative pole of the power supply, and connect the workpiece to the positive pole of the power supply; Open the electrolytic working liquid circulation system to supply liquid, and open the suction device to pump liquid; Start the machine tool and control the Z-axis movement of the machine tool to feed the hollow cathode rod along the axial direction of the workpiece to achieve processing; During the processing, the electrolyte enters the inner cavity of the hollow cathode rod, and then is sprayed out from the liquid spray port of the hollow cathode rod, and is sprayed into the processing gap after passing through the liquid outlet groove between the annular toothed cathode piece and the annular drainage piece; part of the electrolyte sprayed into the processing gap hits the side wall of the blind hole and sprays upward, causing partial liquid accumulation above the annular toothed cathode piece in the blind hole; under the action of the suction device, the accumulated liquid is transferred out along the liquid extraction port and liquid extraction channel between the liquid extraction tube and the annular toothed cathode piece, and the processed product is brought out at the same time.

2. The electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external extraction of liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular toothed cathode piece is connected to the hollow cathode rod via a conical positioning surface; A fastener for locking the annular toothed cathode sheet and the annular drain sheet on the hollow cathode rod is provided below the annular drain sheet.

3. The electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external extraction of liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular toothed cathode piece is axially positioned by the upper surface and the step surface of the side wall at the lower end of the hollow cathode rod.

4. The electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external extraction of liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular drainage plate is provided with a plurality of liquid outlet grooves overlapping with the tooth structure of the annular toothed cathode plate.

5. The electrolytic machining device with internal spraying and external extraction of liquid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the hollow cathode rod is closed by a guide cone, and the guide cone is positioned with its own stepped surface or conical surface and the stepped surface or conical surface inside the hollow cathode rod; the guide cone is fixed to the hollow cathode rod by a nut.

Images