A method for identifying and locating short-circuit faults in power transmission lines based on ground wire electromagnetic signals

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for identifying and locating short-circuit faults of power transmission lines based on ground-wire electromagnetic signals, the method comprising: obtaining the propagation law characteristics of ground-wire electromagnetic signals along the line when different short-circuit faults occur; obtaining the mutation signal data of the ground-wire electromagnetic signals obtained by monitoring the propagation law characteristics along the line; matching the mutation signal data with a pre-set database, and determining the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the power transmission line according to the matching result; wherein the pre-set database includes the ground-wire electromagnetic signal data when different short-circuit faults occur in the power transmission line; based on the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the power transmission line, locating the short-circuit point of the power transmission line. The present invention realizes the identification and positioning of short-circuit faults of overhead power transmission lines based on ground-wire electromagnetic signals, which can effectively improve the fault monitoring capability of the power transmission line, and is of great significance for improving the stability of the power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of high voltage technology, and in particular to a method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault of a power transmission line based on a ground wire electromagnetic signal. Background Art

[0002] Overhead lines are the "arteries" of the power system. my country has more than 70,000 110kV and above overhead lines, with a total length of more than 1.35 million kilometers. Line failures are the main cause of power grid failures due to wide coverage, complex terrain along the route, frequent extreme weather, and human factors. As the service time continues to increase, the problem of line aging is becoming increasingly prominent, and failures are more difficult to avoid. The types of short-circuit faults in transmission lines are complex and diverse. According to the short-circuit type, they can be divided into single-phase short-circuit grounding, phase-to-phase short-circuit, two-phase short-circuit grounding, and three-phase short-circuit grounding. The main causes of line short-circuit faults include: tree barriers, bird damage, wildfires, dirt, strong winds, etc. Since most of the lines are located in the wilderness, fault troubleshooting is extremely inconvenient, and it is even more difficult in extreme weather. Although drones have been used on a large scale for line fault troubleshooting, a large number of factors that cause line accidents are characterized by short time and high randomness, and drones cannot work in extreme weather. Therefore, it is necessary to develop online monitoring and positioning technology for transmission line faults.

[0003] At present, the fault identification and location of transmission lines mainly rely on video monitoring devices, traveling wave protection devices and distributed current monitoring systems installed on high-voltage conductors. The above solutions all have shortcomings and cannot meet the needs of online fault monitoring of transmission lines. For video monitoring devices: First, in foggy and snowy weather, the image is difficult to be clear; second, the video data transmission volume is large, and the communication requirements are high; finally, the line of sight of the video monitoring device is limited and needs to be densely installed. For traveling wave protection devices: Since the transient waveform of the fault on the long-distance line has been severely deformed when it is transmitted to the substation, the traveling wave protection device is mainly used to locate the fault point and cannot effectively judge the fault situation. For distributed current monitoring systems installed on high-voltage conductors: installation or maintenance is very difficult, requiring live work or line power outages, and the device is under high field strength for a long time, and the reliability is low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop online monitoring technology for transmission line faults that is suitable for field applications and can accurately identify and locate.

[0004] In my country, overhead transmission lines of 110kV and above are generally equipped with ground wires to prevent the conductors from being struck by lightning. When a short circuit occurs in the line, the voltage and current on the ground wire can be monitored, and the short circuit fault can be identified and located by combining relevant short circuit fault identification and location technologies. When a short circuit occurs in the line, the fault current on the conductor will be coupled to the ground wire through the mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground wire, making the ground wire a natural sensor for the transmission conductor. Therefore, the short circuit fault can also be monitored based on the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire. That is, the short circuit fault of the transmission line can be identified and located by monitoring the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire. Compared with the existing methods, this method has the following significant advantages: 1) The ground wire is long and has a large monitoring range, so it can monitor the short circuit fault of the line in a long section; 2) The ground wire is far away from the high-voltage wire as a sensor, with high reliability, and the relevant equipment is easy to install and maintain. Even if it is damaged, it will not affect the normal operation of the line; 3) The ground wire can not only be used as a sensor, but also can be used to power the matching probes, communication modules, etc. The power frequency electromagnetic coupling between the conductor and the ground wire causes power loss, but it is also a huge power source. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0006] To this end, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a method, device, equipment and storage medium for identifying and locating short-circuit faults in transmission lines based on ground wire electromagnetic signals. The present invention is aimed at identifying short-circuit fault conditions and locating short-circuit points in transmission lines. Based on ground wire electromagnetic signals, a related online monitoring scheme for short-circuit faults in transmission lines is proposed, which can effectively solve the problem of identifying and locating short-circuit faults in transmission lines.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault in a power transmission line based on a ground wire electromagnetic signal, comprising:

[0008] Obtain the propagation characteristics of ground wire electromagnetic signals along the line under different short-circuit faults;

[0009] Obtain the mutation signal data of the ground line electromagnetic signal obtained by monitoring the propagation law characteristics along the line;

[0010] Matching the mutation signal data with a pre-set database, and determining the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line according to the matching result; wherein the pre-set database includes ground wire electromagnetic signal data when different short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line;

[0011] Based on the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line, the short-circuit point of the transmission line is located.

[0012] The method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault in a power transmission line based on a ground wire electromagnetic signal according to an embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0013] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, before matching the mutation signal data with a preset database, the method further includes:

[0014] Obtain fault current waveform data of the conductor during different short-circuit faults;

[0015] Constructing an equivalent circuit model of the transmission line according to the monitored actual parameters of the transmission line;

[0016] According to the fault current waveform data and the equivalent circuit model, the ground wire electromagnetic transient signal data is simulated and calculated to obtain the ground wire electromagnetic signal characteristics and the ground wire electromagnetic signal propagation law characteristics along the line when different short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line;

[0017] The database is constructed according to the characteristics of the ground line electromagnetic signal and the characteristics of the propagation law of the ground line electromagnetic signal along the line.

[0018] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the present invention, constructing an equivalent circuit model of the transmission line according to the real monitoring parameters of the monitored transmission line includes:

[0019] Equivalent transmission line towers through multi-wave impedance models, equivalent conductors and ground wires through frequency-dependent models; and,

[0020] Through the resistance equivalent tower grounding device, through the voltage-controlled switch model equivalent conductor and ground wire insulator, and through the electromagnetic coupling of the controlled source equivalent conductor to the ground wire.

[0021] Furthermore, after acquiring the along-line propagation law characteristics of the ground line electromagnetic signal, the method further includes: installing a distributed monitoring device on the transmission line according to the along-line propagation law characteristics.

[0022] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes, on the other hand, a transmission line short circuit fault identification and positioning device based on ground wire electromagnetic signals, comprising:

[0023] A regularity feature acquisition module is used to acquire the regularity features of the propagation of the ground wire electromagnetic signal along the line during different short-circuit faults;

[0024] An abnormal data acquisition module is used to obtain the sudden change signal data of the ground line electromagnetic signal obtained by monitoring the propagation law characteristics along the line;

[0025] A feature matching recognition module is used to match the mutation signal data with a pre-set database, and determine the recognition result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line according to the matching result; wherein the pre-set database includes ground wire electromagnetic signal data when different short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line;

[0026] The fault identification and positioning module locates the short-circuit point of the transmission line based on the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line.

[0027] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a processor and a memory;

[0028] The processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code by reading the executable program code stored in the memory, so as to implement a method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault of a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals.

[0029] A fourth aspect of the present invention proposes a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, a method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault in a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals is implemented.

[0030] The method and device for identifying and locating short-circuit faults in transmission lines based on ground wire electromagnetic signals of the present invention are aimed at identifying short-circuit fault conditions and locating short-circuit points in transmission lines. Based on ground wire electromagnetic signals, a related online monitoring solution for short-circuit faults in transmission lines is proposed, which can effectively solve the problem of identifying and locating short-circuit faults in transmission lines.

[0031] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault of a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the architecture of a power transmission line short-circuit fault identification and location solution based on ground wire electromagnetic signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a short-circuit current waveform of a conductor caused by a tree barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a short-circuit current waveform of a conductor caused by a wildfire according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a short-circuit current waveform of a conductor caused by a hanging object according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of OPGW ground wire current waveforms during different types of short circuit faults according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the OPGW ground wire current waveform when a single-phase short circuit fault occurs in conductors of different phases according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the propagation law of the amplitude of the ground wire electromagnetic signal along the line according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the structure of a lightning identification and positioning device for a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.11 A computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0045] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The following describes a method, device, equipment and storage medium for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault in a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault in a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] like Figure 1As shown, the method includes but is not limited to the following steps:

[0049] S1, obtain the propagation characteristics of the ground wire electromagnetic signal along the line under different short-circuit faults;

[0050] S2, obtaining the mutation signal data of the ground line electromagnetic signal obtained by monitoring the propagation law characteristics along the line;

[0051] S3, matching the mutation signal data with a pre-set database, and determining the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line according to the matching result; wherein the pre-set database includes ground wire electromagnetic signal data when different short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line;

[0052] S4, based on the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line, locate the short-circuit point of the transmission line.

[0053] Specifically, the structure diagram of the power transmission line short circuit fault identification and positioning solution based on ground wire electromagnetic signals of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0054] Specifically, the common ground wire operation mode in my country is segmented insulation of ordinary ground wire and tower-by-tower grounding of OPGW ground wire. This ground wire operation mode is explained in detail.

[0055] As an example, before matching the mutation signal data with a pre-set database, it is necessary to obtain the fault current waveform data of the conductor during different short-circuit faults; construct an equivalent circuit model of the transmission line according to the actual parameters of the monitored transmission line; based on the fault current waveform data and the equivalent circuit model, simulate and calculate the ground wire electromagnetic transient signal data to obtain the ground wire electromagnetic signal characteristics and the propagation law characteristics of the ground wire electromagnetic signal along the line during different short-circuit faults of the transmission line; and construct a database based on the ground wire electromagnetic signal characteristics and the propagation law characteristics of the ground wire electromagnetic signal along the line.

[0056] It can be understood that the fault current waveforms in the conductors during typical transmission line short-circuit faults are collected and collated; secondly, based on the actual parameters of the target line, an equivalent circuit model for calculating the ground wire electromagnetic transient signal is constructed; the fault current waveform is further injected into the equivalent circuit to obtain the characteristics of the ground wire electromagnetic signal and the propagation law along the line under different short-circuit conditions, based on which a database of ground wire electromagnetic signals during transmission line short-circuit faults is constructed.

[0057] Preferably, tree barriers, wildfires, and hanging objects are used as examples to illustrate the obvious differences in fault currents in conductors when line short circuit faults are caused by different reasons. The fault current waveforms in the figure are all from the collected actual line operation data.

[0058] according to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen from the waveform that when different reasons cause line short circuit faults, the transient waveforms at the fault current wave head in the conductor are significantly different. This difference will be coupled to the ground wire electromagnetic signal through the mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground wire. Therefore, the cause of the line short circuit fault can be identified by monitoring the ground wire electromagnetic signal. At the same time, some causes of short circuit faults only occur under specific weather conditions. In combination with real-time meteorological information, the efficiency and accuracy of identifying the cause of line short circuit faults based on ground wire electromagnetic signals can be improved.

[0059] Specifically, it is necessary to model the towers, insulators and other components in the transmission line and construct equivalent circuits so as to simulate and calculate the characteristics of the ground wire electromagnetic signals and the temporal and spatial distribution laws along the line under different short-circuit fault conditions in the subsequent process, and provide theoretical guidance for the application of the scheme. Use the multi-wave impedance model to equate the transmission line towers, the frequency-dependent model to equate the conductors and ground wires, the resistance to equate the tower grounding device, the voltage-controlled switch model to equate the conductors or ground wire insulators, and use the electromagnetic coupling of the controlled source to the ground wire.

[0060] Alternatively, using a single-circuit transmission line, an equivalent circuit is constructed as follows: Figure 6 As shown:

[0061] R g is the grounding resistance of the tower, Z t is the equivalent impedance of the tower, Z L , Z OPGw , Z GW are the self-impedances of the conductor, OPGW, and common ground wire respectively. M It is the mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground wire, which is used for the electromagnetic coupling between the equivalent conductor and the ground wire. The effect of the conductor on the ground wire is reflected in the form of a current-controlled voltage source in the ground wire branch. The switch represents the insulator between each conductor and the common ground wire and the tower. The closure of the switch indicates that the insulator at the corresponding position flashes. The parameters in the equivalent circuit are taken according to the actual parameters of the specific monitoring line.

[0062] Furthermore, the difference in ground wire electromagnetic signals during different types of short circuit faults is determined.

[0063] Specifically, the short-circuit faults in actual line operation are basically single-phase short-circuit to ground or phase-to-phase short-circuit. There is less data on other types of faults, and the ground wire electromagnetic signal is not monitored when a fault occurs in actual operation. The equivalent circuit can be used to calculate the ground wire electromagnetic signal under different short-circuit types for building a database. The calculation results are as follows: Figure 7 and Figure 8 According to the waveform results, when a single-phase short circuit fault occurs in conductors of different phases or when a short circuit fault occurs in different types of lines, the electromagnetic signals on the ground wire are obviously different. Therefore, the type of line short circuit fault can be identified by monitoring the electromagnetic signals on the ground wire and comparing the difference characteristics.

[0064] Under different short-circuit fault conditions, the amplitude of the ground wire electromagnetic signal decays approximately exponentially when it propagates along the line, such as Fig. 9 As shown. When a short circuit occurs in the line, the amplitude of the electromagnetic signal on the ground wire is much higher than that in normal operation. Even if it is attenuated to 10% when propagating along the line, obvious signal changes can still be reflected. However, when the signal continues to propagate along the line, the amplitude is not much different from the amplitude of the ground wire electromagnetic signal under normal circumstances, and it is difficult to set the trigger threshold of the device during online monitoring. Therefore, in practical applications, the interval of the distributed ground wire voltage or current probes is set to 10 base towers. This setting can not only meet the needs of online monitoring, but also save costs to the maximum extent.

[0065] Furthermore, similar to the distributed current monitoring device installed on the conductor, the core principle of fault point location is traveling wave location. At present, research has proposed a relatively mature wave head extraction and traveling wave location method based on distributed current data. Based on the ground wire monitoring data, the above method can effectively locate the line fault point.

[0066] Because the short-circuit fault of the transmission line is highly random, the feasibility of the method proposed in this patent is verified by simulating the short-circuit fault through a laboratory scaled experiment. Taking the single-phase short circuit caused by wind deviation as an example, the verification process is explained. The scaled model built in the laboratory includes six simulated pole towers and five-speed lines. A large fan is set at the second speed to simulate the wind deviation of the conductor. Increase the wind force to simulate the short-circuit discharge of the simulated pole tower, and record the current waveform on the simulated ground wire. After the above waveforms are feature-identified and compared with the waveforms in the database, the identification result is: the short-circuit type is a single-phase short circuit, the short-circuit cause is wind deviation, and the identification result is accurate. Use the related traveling wave positioning method to locate the simulated fault based on the ground wire electromagnetic signal. The positioning result is that the short circuit occurs between the second simulated pole tower and the third simulated pole tower, that is, at the second speed, and the positioning result is accurate. The above results show that the transmission line short-circuit fault identification and positioning method based on the ground wire electromagnetic signal proposed in the present invention has high feasibility.

[0067] The method for identifying and locating short-circuit faults in power transmission lines based on ground wire electromagnetic signals according to an embodiment of the present invention can effectively improve the fault monitoring capability of power transmission lines, which is of great significance for improving the stability of power grids.

[0068] In order to implement the above embodiment, Fig.10 As shown, this embodiment also provides a transmission line short circuit fault identification and positioning device 10 based on ground wire electromagnetic signals. The device 10 includes: a regular feature acquisition module 100, an abnormal data acquisition module 200, a feature matching identification module 300 and an identification result positioning module 400.

[0069] The regularity feature acquisition module 100 is used to acquire the regularity features of the propagation of the ground wire electromagnetic signal along the line when there are different short-circuit faults;

[0070] The abnormal data acquisition module 200 is used to acquire the sudden change signal data of the ground line electromagnetic signal obtained by monitoring the propagation law characteristics along the line;

[0071] The feature matching recognition module 300 is used to match the mutation signal data with a pre-set database, and determine the recognition result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line according to the matching result; wherein the pre-set database includes ground wire electromagnetic signal data when different short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line;

[0072] The fault identification and positioning module 400 locates the short-circuit point of the transmission line based on the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line.

[0073] Furthermore, before the feature matching recognition module 300, the following is further included:

[0074] A typical data acquisition module is used to obtain the fault current waveform data of the conductor under different short-circuit faults;

[0075] An equivalent circuit construction module, used for constructing an equivalent circuit model of the transmission line according to actual parameters of the monitored transmission line;

[0076] The simulation calculation module is used to simulate and calculate the ground wire electromagnetic transient signal data according to the fault current waveform data and the equivalent circuit model, and obtain the ground wire electromagnetic signal characteristics and the ground wire electromagnetic signal propagation law characteristics along the line when the transmission line has different short-circuit faults;

[0077] The database construction module is used to construct a database according to the characteristics of the ground line electromagnetic signal and the characteristics of the propagation law of the ground line electromagnetic signal along the line.

[0078] Furthermore, the above-mentioned equivalent circuit building module includes:

[0079] The first equivalent module is used to equivalent the transmission line tower through the multi-wave impedance model, and the conductor and the ground wire through the frequency-dependent model; and

[0080] The second equivalent module is used for the electromagnetic coupling of the ground wire through the equivalent tower grounding device through the resistance, the equivalent conductor and the ground wire insulator through the voltage-controlled switch model, and the controlled source equivalent conductor.

[0081] Furthermore, after the above-mentioned regularity characteristic acquisition module 100, it also includes: a monitoring installation module, which is used to install distributed monitoring devices on the transmission line according to the regularity characteristics of propagation along the line.

[0082] The power transmission line short-circuit fault identification and positioning device based on ground wire electromagnetic signals according to the embodiment of the present invention can effectively improve the fault monitoring capability of the power transmission line, which is of great significance for improving the stability of the power grid.

[0083] In order to implement the method of the above embodiment, the present invention also provides a computer device, such as Fig.11 As shown, the computer device 600 includes a memory 601 and a processor 602; wherein the processor 602 runs a program corresponding to the executable program code by reading the executable program code stored in the memory 601, so as to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned method for identifying and locating short-circuit faults in power transmission lines based on ground electromagnetic signals.

[0084] In order to implement the method of the above embodiment, the present invention also provides a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, a method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault in a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals is implemented.

[0085] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0086] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0087] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying and locating short-circuit faults in power transmission lines based on ground wire electromagnetic signals, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtain the propagation characteristics of ground wire electromagnetic signals along the line under different short-circuit faults; Obtain the mutation signal data of the ground line electromagnetic signal obtained by monitoring the propagation law characteristics along the line; Matching the mutation signal data with a pre-set database, and determining the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line according to the matching result; wherein the pre-set database includes ground wire electromagnetic signal data when different short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line; Based on the identification result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line, locate the short-circuit point of the transmission line; Before matching the mutation signal data with a preset database, the method further includes: Obtain fault current waveform data of the conductor during different short-circuit faults; Constructing an equivalent circuit model of the transmission line according to the monitored actual parameters of the transmission line; According to the fault current waveform data and the equivalent circuit model, the ground wire electromagnetic transient signal data is simulated and calculated to obtain the ground wire electromagnetic signal characteristics and the ground wire electromagnetic signal propagation law characteristics along the line when different short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line; Constructing the database according to the characteristics of the ground line electromagnetic signal and the characteristics of the propagation law of the ground line electromagnetic signal along the line; The step of constructing an equivalent circuit model of the transmission line according to the monitored actual parameters of the transmission line comprises: Equivalent transmission line towers through multi-wave impedance models, equivalent conductors and ground wires through frequency-dependent models; and, Through the resistance equivalent tower grounding device, through the voltage-controlled switch model equivalent conductor and ground wire insulator, and through the electromagnetic coupling of the controlled source equivalent conductor to the ground wire.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After acquiring the along-line propagation law characteristics of the ground line electromagnetic signal, the method further includes: distributively installing monitoring devices on the transmission line according to the along-line propagation law characteristics.

3. A short-circuit fault identification and positioning device for a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals, characterized in that: include: A regularity feature acquisition module is used to acquire the regularity features of the propagation of the ground wire electromagnetic signal along the line during different short-circuit faults; An abnormal data acquisition module is used to obtain the sudden change signal data of the ground line electromagnetic signal obtained by monitoring the propagation law characteristics along the line; A feature matching recognition module is used to match the mutation signal data with a pre-set database, and determine the recognition result of the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line according to the matching result; wherein the pre-set database includes ground wire electromagnetic signal data when different short-circuit faults occur in the transmission line; A fault identification and positioning module, using an identification result based on the short-circuit fault state of the transmission line to locate the short-circuit point of the transmission line; Before the feature matching recognition module, it also includes: A typical data acquisition module is used to obtain the fault current waveform data of the conductor under different short-circuit faults; An equivalent circuit construction module, used to construct an equivalent circuit model of the transmission line according to the monitored actual parameters of the transmission line; A simulation calculation module is used to simulate and calculate the ground wire electromagnetic transient signal data according to the fault current waveform data and the equivalent circuit model, so as to obtain the ground wire electromagnetic signal characteristics and the ground wire electromagnetic signal propagation law characteristics along the line when the transmission line has different short-circuit faults; A database construction module, used to construct the database according to the characteristics of the ground line electromagnetic signal and the characteristics of the propagation law of the ground line electromagnetic signal along the line; The equivalent circuit building module comprises: The first equivalent module is used to equivalent the transmission line tower through the multi-wave impedance model, and the conductor and the ground wire through the frequency-dependent model; and The second equivalent module is used for the electromagnetic coupling of the ground wire through the equivalent tower grounding device through the resistance, the equivalent conductor and the ground wire insulator through the voltage-controlled switch model, and the controlled source equivalent conductor.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that After the regularity feature acquisition module, it also includes: a monitoring installation module, which is used to install distributed monitoring devices on the transmission line according to the regularity feature of propagation along the line.

5. A computer device, characterized in that: including a processor and a memory; The processor runs a program corresponding to the executable program code by reading the executable program code stored in the memory, so as to implement the method for identifying and locating short-circuit faults of power transmission lines based on ground electromagnetic signals as described in any one of claims 1-2.

6. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, a method for identifying and locating a short-circuit fault in a power transmission line based on ground wire electromagnetic signals as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 is implemented.

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