An apparatus and method for processing expandable rock specimens

Abstract

This invention provides an apparatus and method for processing expandable rock specimens. The processing apparatus includes a large-part cutting device, a finishing device, and a dust extraction device. The finishing device includes a working platform, a specimen fixing mechanism placed on the working platform, and a specimen finishing mechanism located above the specimen fixing mechanism. The specimen fixing mechanism includes a second drive motor, a main drive turntable, a clamping turntable, and a clamping mechanism. The specimen finishing mechanism includes a support frame, a transverse drive mechanism, a transverse adjustment frame, a longitudinal drive mechanism, a longitudinal adjustment frame, a cutting rotary motor mounted on the longitudinal adjustment frame, and a cutting drill bit mounted on the output end of the cutting rotary motor. This invention changes the manual grinding method to mechanical grinding. By controlling the simultaneous rotation of the grinding cutting head and the expandable rock specimen to be ground, uniform grinding of the expandable rock specimen is achieved, improving the processing accuracy and efficiency of expandable rock specimens, and significantly saving manual labor, reducing working time by 90%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of expanded rock processing technology, specifically to an expanded rock specimen processing apparatus and method. Background Technology

[0002] Expandable rock is a special type of soft rock. Its physical properties lie between those of rock and soil, and its physical and mechanical characteristics are closely related to water, exhibiting a very strong affinity for water. When expanded rock comes into contact with water, it swells and softens, its mechanical properties rapidly decline, and micro-cracks form within the rock mass, causing significant structural deterioration. This endangers the safety and stability of engineering structures and easily leads to various geological disasters, such as roadbed cracking, slope instability, uneven settlement of building foundations, tunnel floor bulging and cracking, and mine pillar failure, all caused by the expansion of expanded rock after absorbing water and shrinking upon loss of water.

[0003] Currently, the tests for expansive rocks in the "Standard for Test Methods of Engineering Rock Mass" (GB / T20266-2013) mainly include the rock free expansion rate test, the rock lateral confined expansion rate test, and the expansion pressure test under the condition of constant rock volume. Depending on the test item, after the specimen is processed according to the standard, the relevant parameters of its expansibility are measured.

[0004] Expansive rocks are generally mudstone or argillaceous sandstone, which are relatively soft. The most common processing method is geotechnical work, which involves manually shaping the rock bit by bit using a shovel or utility knife and a micro-grinding tool. If the rock is slightly harder, processing is very time-consuming, taking 1-2 days to produce a single specimen. Furthermore, the precision of the specimen and the smoothness of the test surface are not high, affecting the results of subsequent tests. If the rock is soft or uneven, containing hard lumps, processing can loosen the rock mass or even cause it to disintegrate, making it impossible to shape.

[0005] Therefore, developing a device for processing expanded rock not only has urgent research value, but also has good economic benefits and industrial application potential, which is the driving force and basis for the completion of this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the difficulty in processing expansive rock specimens, this invention provides an apparatus and method for processing expansive rock specimens. This apparatus can improve the processing efficiency and accuracy of expansive rock specimens, save manual labor, and reduce the processing difficulty of expansive rock specimens.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an expansion rock specimen processing device, the processing device including a large-piece cutting device, a fine processing device and a dust collection device;

[0008] The large-part cutting device includes a support platform, a rigid saw blade, and a first drive motor. The first drive motor and the rigid saw blade are both placed on the support platform, and the rigid saw blade is driven by the first drive motor.

[0009] The finishing device includes a working platform, a specimen fixing mechanism placed on the working platform, and a specimen finishing mechanism located above the specimen fixing mechanism. The specimen fixing mechanism includes a second drive motor, a main drive turntable, a clamping turntable, and a clamping mechanism. The second drive motor is mounted on the working platform, the main drive turntable is mounted on the output shaft of the second drive motor, and the clamping mechanism is arranged on the same straight line as the second drive motor. The clamping turntable is mounted on the clamping end of the clamping mechanism, and the main drive turntable and the clamping turntable are arranged opposite each other, forming a specimen clamping space between the two turntables. The specimen finishing mechanism includes a support frame, a transverse drive mechanism, a transverse adjustment frame, a longitudinal drive mechanism, a longitudinal adjustment frame, and a clamping mechanism mounted on the longitudinal axis. The adjusting frame has a cutting rotary motor and a cutting drill bit installed at the output end of the cutting rotary motor. A horizontal track is provided on the support frame. The transverse adjusting frame is slidably mounted on the horizontal track. The transverse drive mechanism is mounted on the support frame and controls the transverse adjusting frame to move left and right along the horizontal track on the support frame. A longitudinal track is provided on the transverse adjusting frame. A vertical adjusting frame is slidably mounted on the longitudinal track of the transverse adjusting frame. The longitudinal drive mechanism is mounted on the transverse adjusting frame and controls the vertical adjusting frame to move up and down along the longitudinal track on the transverse adjusting frame. During the movement of the transverse and longitudinal adjusting frames, the cutting drill bit is always directly facing the specimen clamping space.

[0010] The dust collection device includes a dust collector and a dust collection pipe. A dust collection hood is provided at the air inlet of the dust collection pipe. When the large part cutting device cuts the test piece or the precision machining device processes the test piece, the dust collection hood is fixed on the support table or work platform, with its opening facing the test piece cutting area of ​​the large part cutting device or the test piece clamping space of the precision machining device.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention: The finishing device further includes a control cabinet and a control panel. The control cabinet is installed on the work platform. A starting limit switch and an ending limit switch are provided on both the horizontal and vertical tracks. The signal output terminals of the starting limit switches and the ending limit switches on the horizontal and vertical tracks are connected to the signal input terminals of the control cabinet. The signal output terminals of the control cabinet are respectively connected to the control terminals of the vacuum cleaner, the second drive motor, the horizontal drive mechanism, and the vertical drive mechanism. The feed speed of the horizontal drive mechanism and the vertical drive mechanism, as well as the rotation speed of the second drive motor, are controlled by the control cabinet.

[0012] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the cutting drill bit includes a base, a heat sink sleeve, and a diamond cutting head. The heat sink sleeve is fixedly connected to the base and has heat dissipation holes. The diamond cutting head is a hollow cylindrical structure with multiple vertical concave regions on its outer wall, either cylindrical or regular polygonal. The diamond cutting head is fixedly connected inside the heat sink sleeve, and its hollow regions are connected to the hollow regions of the heat sink sleeve.

[0013] A preferred technical solution of the invention: The clamping mechanism includes a clamping bracket, a first nut sleeve mounted on the clamping bracket, and a first screw that matches the first nut sleeve. The first screw passes through the first nut sleeve, and one end of it near the main drive turntable is connected to the clamping turntable, while the other end is provided with a rotating handwheel.

[0014] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: both the transverse drive mechanism and the longitudinal drive mechanism are drive motors. A transverse screw is provided on the output shaft of the transverse drive mechanism, and a transverse nut sleeve is provided on the back of the transverse adjustment frame. The transverse screw and the transverse nut sleeve are threadedly connected. A longitudinal screw is provided on the output shaft of the longitudinal drive mechanism, and a longitudinal nut sleeve is provided on the back of the longitudinal adjustment frame. The longitudinal screw and the longitudinal nut sleeve are threadedly connected.

[0015] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an adjustment track is provided on the working platform, the locking mechanism is installed on the adjustment track by locking bolts, and can move along the adjustment track when the locking bolts are loose; the contact surfaces of the main drive turntable and the clamping turntable with the specimen are provided with anti-slip raised rubber pads.

[0016] A preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the second drive motor is provided with a motor protective cover, the output shaft of the second drive motor extends out of the motor protective cover and is connected to the main drive turntable; the rigid saw blade is a disc-shaped saw blade, which is rotatably mounted on the output shaft of the first drive motor, and a cutter head protective cover is provided on the upper part of the rigid saw blade, which is fixed on the bracket of the second drive motor.

[0017] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention also provides a method for processing expandable rock specimens. The processing method utilizes the aforementioned expandable rock specimen processing device, and the specific processing procedure is as follows:

[0018] (1) First, the irregular expansive rock is cut into cylindrical or square cylindrical specimens with a length that matches the standard expansive rock specimen length required for the expansive rock test using a rigid saw blade.

[0019] (2) Place the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample formed by rough cutting in step (1) in the specimen clamping space between the main drive turntable and the clamping turntable, and clamp the sample by the clamping mechanism.

[0020] (3) Fix the dust collection hood of the dust collection device to the side of the work platform, with its opening facing the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample.

[0021] (4) Adjust the transverse drive mechanism to drive the transverse adjustment frame back to the starting end of the horizontal track on the support frame. At this time, the cutting drill bit is facing the starting end of the cylindrical or square column sample. Then adjust the longitudinal drive mechanism to drive the longitudinal adjustment frame to move down along the longitudinal track until the distance between the cutting surface of the cutting head and the center of the main drive turntable is equal to the maximum radius r2 of the cylindrical or square column sample. Adjust the moving speed of the transverse drive mechanism to 0.5-5mm / s. According to the radius r1 of the standard sample after processing, set the total descent distance of the longitudinal drive mechanism L = r2-r1, and set the single descent distance to 0.5-1.5mm.

[0022] (5) The finishing device is activated to process the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample. During the processing: the second drive motor drives the main drive turntable, the clamping turntable, and the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample held by the two turntables to rotate. The cutting rotary motor drives the cutting drill bit to rotate and grind the sample surface. While the cutting drill bit is working, the transverse drive mechanism drives the cutting rotary motor and the cutting drill bit to move along the transverse adjustment frame from the starting end to the end of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample according to the set moving speed, and performs the first round of forward grinding on the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample. When the cylindrical or square specimen reaches its end, the transverse drive mechanism stops moving, and the longitudinal drive mechanism drives the cutting drill bit to descend according to the designed single descent distance. Then, the transverse drive mechanism drives the cutting drill bit to continue moving in the opposite direction from the end of the cylindrical or square specimen toward the starting end, performing the first round of reverse grinding and cutting on the surface of the cylindrical or square specimen. When the cutting drill bit moves in the opposite direction to the starting end of the cylindrical or square specimen, the transverse drive mechanism stops moving, and the longitudinal drive mechanism drives the cutting drill bit to continue descending according to the designed single descent distance. Then, the above process is repeated to perform the second round of grinding and beveling on the cylindrical or square specimen.

[0023] (6) Repeat step (5) until the longitudinal drive mechanism descends a distance of L, and grinds the starting end of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample to the end, thus completing the entire sample processing process; and at the same time, turn on the vacuum cleaner to remove the dust during the cutting process.

[0024] A further technical solution of the present invention: Before cutting, based on the specifications and point load strength of the standard expanded rock specimen that meets the test requirements after processing, the maximum speed n of the second drive motor is calculated, and the speed of the second drive motor is adjusted to be less than n; the calculation process of the maximum speed of the second drive motor is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] in:

[0027] I S(50) —The benchmark specimen point load strength index for axial tests, block tests, and irregular block tests;

[0028] m - Mass (kg) of the cylindrical or square prism sample to be finished;

[0029] g - gravitational acceleration (9.8m / s );

[0030] r1 - The radius (mm) of the standard expansive rock specimen that meets the test requirements.

[0031] r2 - The radius (m) of the cylindrical or square prism specimen after initial cutting.

[0032] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: When cutting irregularly expanded rock with a rigid saw blade in step (1), the dust collection device is moved to the vicinity of the support platform and the dust collection hood is fixed on the side of the support platform with its opening facing the cutting area, and the dust collection device is turned on to perform dust collection during the cutting process.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0034] (1) This invention changes the manual grinding method to mechanical grinding, and achieves uniform grinding of the expansion rock specimen by controlling the simultaneous rotation of the grinding cutting head and the expansion rock specimen to be ground, thereby improving the processing accuracy and efficiency of the expansion rock specimen, greatly saving manual labor and saving 90% of the working time.

[0035] (2) The grinding device in this invention includes a coarse cutting mechanism and a fine grinding device. The sample can be cut by the coarse cutting mechanism first so that the length of the sample meets the length in the fixture space. Then, the outer ring is finely ground by the fine grinding device to make the sample surface smoother and the processing accuracy higher. This invention can process irregular samples with a maximum diameter of 170mm, and the sample specifications are more representative of the actual soil structure.

[0036] (3) The fine grinding device in this invention includes a grinding mechanism and a specimen support mechanism. The grinding mechanism can achieve horizontal and vertical adjustment. During the processing, the cutting drill bit is always rotating, which can achieve longitudinal and horizontal cutting of the specimen. The specimen support mechanism drives the specimen to rotate during the processing. It can calculate the most suitable rotation speed range of the specimen according to the processing specifications of the specimen and the softness and hardness of different expansive rocks. By adjusting the motor speed to match the rotation speed of the cutting drill bit, damage to the specimen during the processing is avoided, and the specimen forming rate is improved.

[0037] (4) The present invention also includes a dust collection device, which includes a dust collection hood and a dust collector. During the sample processing, the dust collection hood can be placed towards the sample processing area to quickly remove the dust during the grinding process, thus avoiding environmental pollution. Moreover, the device is flexible in use.

[0038] (5) The present invention is equipped with a control cabinet, which can control the horizontal movement speed, vertical movement distance, cutting and grinding head speed and sample speed of the grinding machine mechanism during the processing, thereby realizing the control of grinding progress and cutting size. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Sectional view of AA;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting drill bit in this invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is the control principle diagram of the present invention.

[0045] In the diagram: 1—Working platform, 2—Main drive turntable, 3—Clamping turntable, 4—Cutting rotary motor, 5—Cutting drill bit, 500—Base, 501—Heat sink, 502—Diamond cutter head, 503—Heat sink, 6—Longitudinal track, 7—Clamping mechanism, 700—Clamping bracket, 701—First nut sleeve, 702—First screw, 703—Rotating handwheel, 8—Second drive motor, 9—Support frame, 10—Horizontal drive mechanism, 11—Horizontal adjustment frame, 12—Longitudinal drive mechanism, 13—Longitudinal adjustment frame, 15—Horizontal track, 16—Vacuum cleaner, 17—Vacuum suction pipe, 18—Vacuum suction hood, 19—Control cabinet, 20—Control panel 21—Transverse screw, 22—Transverse nut sleeve, 23—Longitudinal screw, 24—Longitudinal nut sleeve, 25—Adjusting rail, 26—Motor protective cover, 27—Support platform, 28—Rigid saw blade, 29—First drive motor, 30—Cut disc protective cover, 31—Expanded rock specimen to be processed. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figures 1 to 5All accompanying drawings are simplified versions of embodiments and are intended only to clearly and concisely illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The technical solutions shown in the drawings below are specific solutions of embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0049] The embodiment provides an apparatus for processing expanded rock specimens, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the processing device includes a large-part cutting device, a finishing device, and a dust collection device. The large-part cutting device includes a support platform 27, a rigid saw blade 28, and a first drive motor 29. The first drive motor 29 and the rigid saw blade 28 are both placed on the support platform 27. The rigid saw blade 28 is a disc-shaped saw blade with saw teeth on its outer edge. It is rotatably mounted on the output shaft of the first drive motor 29. The rigid saw blade 28 and the first drive motor 29 are supported by a mounting bracket, and the first drive motor 29 drives the rigid saw blade 28 to work. A cutting area is formed below the rigid saw blade 28. A cutter head protective cover 30 is provided on the upper part of the rigid saw blade 28. The cutter head protective cover is fixed on the bracket of the second drive motor 8. During the rotation of the rigid saw blade 28, the cutter head protective cover 30 does not move, and the inner cavity width of the cutter head protective cover 30 is greater than the thickness of the rigid saw blade 28, so it will not affect the rotation of the rigid saw blade 28. The large-piece cutting device is located near the finishing device, facilitating the cutting of irregularly shaped expansive rocks into circular or square specimens with dimensions matching the standard specimen size, which can then be transferred to the finishing device for further processing. The dust collection device includes a vacuum cleaner 16 and a suction pipe 17. A dust hood 18 is installed at the air inlet of the suction pipe 17. When the large-piece cutting device is cutting specimens or the finishing device is processing specimens, the dust hood 18 is fixed to the support platform 27 or the work platform 1 by brackets and bolts. Its opening faces the specimen cutting area of ​​the large-piece cutting device or the specimen clamping space of the finishing device, thus serving a dust collection function during both roughing and finishing processes.

[0050] An expansion rock specimen processing device as described in the embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the finishing device includes a working platform 1, a specimen fixing mechanism placed on the working platform, and a specimen finishing mechanism located above the specimen fixing mechanism; the specimen fixing mechanism includes a second drive motor 8, a main drive turntable 2, a clamping turntable 3, and a clamping mechanism 7. The second drive motor 8 is mounted on the working platform 1, and the main drive turntable 2 is mounted on the output shaft of the second drive motor 8. A motor protective cover 26 is provided outside the second drive motor 8, and the output shaft of the second drive motor 8 extends out of the motor protective cover 26 and is connected to the main drive turntable 2. The clamping mechanism 7 includes a clamping bracket 700, a first nut sleeve 701 mounted on the clamping bracket 700, and a first screw 702 that matches the first nut sleeve 701. The first screw 702 passes through the first nut sleeve 701. One end of the first screw 702, near the main drive turntable 2, is provided with a clamping turntable 3, and the other end is provided with a rotating handwheel 703. The clamping mechanism 7 is arranged on the same straight line as the second drive motor 8. The clamping turntable 3 is arranged opposite to the main drive turntable 2, and a specimen clamping space is formed between the two turntables. By rotating the handwheel 703, the first screw 702 is rotated, thereby moving the first screw 702 along the first nut sleeve 701 and clamping the specimen installed in the specimen clamping space. Then, under the action of the second drive motor 8, the two turntables and the specimen are rotated simultaneously. An adjustment track 25 is provided on the working platform 1. The clamping bracket 700 of the locking mechanism 7 is installed on the adjustment track 25 by locking bolts and can move along the adjustment track 25 when the locking bolts are loose. The contact surfaces of the main drive turntable 2 and the clamping turntable 3 with the specimen are provided with anti-slip raised rubber pads, which can achieve better clamping effect and prevent the specimen from falling off the turntable during rotation.

[0051] The specimen finishing mechanism in the embodiment, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the system includes a support frame 9, a transverse drive mechanism 10, a transverse adjustment frame 11, a longitudinal drive mechanism 12, a longitudinal adjustment frame 13, a cutting rotary motor 4 mounted on the longitudinal adjustment frame 13, and a cutting drill bit 5 mounted on the output end of the cutting rotary motor 4. A horizontal rail 15 is provided on the support frame 9, and the transverse adjustment frame 11 is slidably mounted on the horizontal rail 15. The transverse drive mechanism 10 is mounted on the support frame 9 and controls the transverse adjustment frame 11 to move left and right along the horizontal rail 15 on the support frame 9. A longitudinal rail 6 is provided on the transverse adjustment frame 11, and the vertical adjustment frame 11 is slidably mounted on the transverse adjustment frame 11. On the longitudinal track 6, the longitudinal drive mechanism 12 is mounted on the transverse adjustment frame 11, and the longitudinal drive mechanism 12 controls the longitudinal adjustment frame 13 to move up and down along the longitudinal track 6 on the transverse adjustment frame 11. Both the transverse drive mechanism 10 and the longitudinal drive mechanism 12 are drive motors. A transverse screw 21 is provided on the output shaft of the transverse drive mechanism 10, and a transverse nut sleeve 22 is provided on the back of the transverse adjustment frame 11. The transverse screw 21 is threadedly connected to the transverse nut sleeve 22. A longitudinal screw 23 is provided on the output shaft of the longitudinal drive mechanism 12, and a longitudinal nut sleeve 24 is provided on the back of the longitudinal adjustment frame 13. The longitudinal screw 23 is threadedly connected to the longitudinal nut sleeve 24. During the movement of the transverse adjustment frame 11 and the longitudinal adjustment frame 13, the cutting drill bit 5 is always facing the specimen clamping space.

[0052] The finishing apparatus in the embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it also includes a control cabinet 19 and a control panel 20. The control cabinet 19 is installed on the work platform 1, and both the horizontal rail 15 and the longitudinal rail 6 are equipped with start-end limit switches and end-end limit switches, as shown. Figure 5 As shown, the signal output terminals of the starting limit switches and the ending limit switches on the horizontal track 15 and the longitudinal track 6 are all connected to the signal input terminals of the control cabinet 19. The signal output terminals of the control cabinet 19 are respectively connected to the control terminals of the vacuum cleaner 16, the second drive motor 8, the horizontal drive mechanism 10, and the longitudinal drive mechanism 12. The control cabinet 19 controls the feed speed of the horizontal drive mechanism 10 and the longitudinal drive mechanism 12, as well as the rotation speed of the second drive motor 8. The finishing device in this embodiment can achieve automatic cutting by setting parameters.

[0053] The cutting drill bit 5 in the embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes a base 500, a heat sink 501, and a diamond cutting head 502. The heat sink 501 is fixedly connected to the base 500, and heat dissipation holes 503 are provided on the heat sink 501. The diamond cutting head 502 is a hollow cylindrical structure with multiple vertical concave regions on the outer wall of a cylindrical or regular polygonal shape. The diamond cutting head 502 is fixedly connected inside the heat sink 501, and its hollow regions are connected to the hollow regions of the heat sink 501.

[0054] The maximum speed of the second drive motor in this invention can be calculated based on the hardness of the sample and the dimensional quality after rough machining. The derivation of the calculation formula is as follows:

[0055] (1) Perform point load tests on the remaining sample cut from the specimen to determine the hardness of the specimen, and then convert it into the formula. The uniaxial compressive strength of a rock specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height-to-diameter ratio of 2.0 was obtained.

[0056] (2) The clamping surfaces of both the main drive turntable and the clamping turntable are made of rubber. The final diameter of the sample should be r1. It can be concluded that the maximum destructive force of the X-axis fixture is:

[0057]

[0058] r1 — Radius (mm) of a standard expansive rock specimen that meets the test requirements.

[0059] (3) There are four stages in the process of uniaxial compression failure of rock mass: ① pore and fracture compaction stage; ② elastic deformation to microelastic fracture stable development stage; ③ unstable fracture development stage (progressive fracture stage); ④ post-fracture stage. Generally speaking, rock samples will not cause significant damage to the rock mass during the pore and fracture compaction stage, and it will not affect the determination of the expansion index of the processed sample.

[0060] (4) Based on extensive testing, the elastic deformation of mudstone or argillaceous sandstone in stage ② is generally between 0.24 and 0.61 of the rock mass failure strength. To ensure that the rock mass specimen structure does not deform during processing, a safety factor of 0.20 is taken as the critical deformation point, i.e., F 临变 =F 破 ×0.2.

[0061] (5) The rock mass rotates during processing. The rock specimen is tightened and the applied force is calculated according to the maximum static friction force = sliding friction force, i.e., 2f = mg, f = 0.45F (friction factor between rubber and stone). In addition, during the processing of the expanded rock, besides the static friction pressure at both ends of the sample, it is also subjected to centrifugal force. According to the centrifugal force formula... Calculate the centrifugal force of the rock specimen during rotation; therefore, during rock mass processing, F 摩 +F 离 <F 临变 .

[0062] (6) After the sample processing specifications and point load strength are determined, i.e. the sample's F 摩 F 临变It can be determined that, after simplification, the maximum rotational speed of the X-axis fixture can be obtained:

[0063]

[0064] in:

[0065] I S(50) —The benchmark specimen point load strength index for axial tests, block tests, and irregular block tests;

[0066] m—mass of the rock specimen to be finished (g);

[0067] g—acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m / s²);

[0068] r1 — The radius (mm) of the standard-sized specimen that meets the test requirements.

[0069] r2—The maximum radius (m) of the specimen edge from the center of the circle.

[0070] The construction method of the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. One embodiment provides a method for processing mudstone specimens, which uses the aforementioned expanded rock specimen processing device. The specific processing procedure is as follows:

[0071] (1) First, the irregular mudstone is cut into cylindrical or square specimens with a length matching that of the standard mudstone specimen using a rigid saw blade. When cutting the irregular expansive rock with a rigid saw blade, the dust collection device is moved to the vicinity of the support platform and the dust collection hood is fixed to the side of the support platform with its opening facing the cutting area. The dust collection device is then turned on to collect dust during the cutting process. During the cutting process, the irregular expansive rock can be pushed forward. The speed of pushing forward should not be too fast. Push forward slowly. The forward speed depends on the hardness of the rock, with the principle of not breaking and high cutting efficiency.

[0072] (2) Calculate the compressive strength of the rock mass: Select the specimens cut in step (1) for point load tests (the specimens should be representative, and the rock type should be as close as possible to the sample to be finely processed), and calculate the compressive strength of the rock mass according to the formula. Calculate the uniaxial compressive strength of a rock specimen with a diameter of 50 mm and a height-to-diameter ratio of 2.0. Assuming the point load compressive strength of mudstone is 0.01 MPa, a compressive strength value of 0.72 MPa can be obtained.

[0073] (2) Place the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample formed in step (1) in the specimen clamping space between the main drive turntable and the clamping turntable, and clamp the sample using the clamping mechanism; first adjust the clamping bracket 700 of the clamping mechanism, and lock the clamping bracket 700 on the adjustment track 25 of the working platform 1 with the tightening screws, and use the rotating handwheel 703 to apply force to push the sample forward until the sample feels contact with the rubber pad on the clamping turntable 3. Calculate the magnitude of the force applied by the clamp based on the maximum static friction force = sliding friction force. Taking a cubic mud sample as an example, the side length of the cubic mud sample is 15cm, the sample length is 25cm, and the density is 2.60g / cm³. 3 The data is input into the control cabinet according to the formula. The calculated maximum static friction force is 159.25 N. The control cabinet automatically applies pressure to the clamping turntable 3, clamping the sample through the clamping turntable 3 and the main drive turntable 2. Then, turn on the second drive motor 8 and observe whether the sample rotates normally or is severely eccentric during rotation (appropriate eccentricity is normal and does not require excessive centering). If abnormal, stop, adjust the clamping position of the sample, and press the clamping forward button again until it is normal. During the sample clamping process, it is necessary to confirm whether the longitudinal drive mechanism 12 is at the origin position. Only when it is at the origin position can the X-axis clamping test be performed. If it is not at the origin position, please return to the origin position before operating the X-axis.

[0074] (3) Observe whether the longitudinal drive mechanism 12 and the transverse drive mechanism 10 are at the origin. If they are not at the origin, they need to be controlled to return to the origin first. After returning to the origin, the drive motors of the longitudinal drive mechanism 12 and the transverse drive mechanism 10 will stop automatically. Observe whether the horizontal and vertical positions on the display screen are 0mm. When returning to the origin, return the longitudinal drive mechanism 12 first, and then return the transverse drive mechanism 10 to avoid damaging the cutting drill bit. Then fix the dust collection hood of the dust collection device on the side of the work platform, with its opening facing the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample.

[0075] (4) Before cutting, calculate the maximum speed n of the second drive motor based on the specifications and point load strength of the standard mudstone specimen that meets the test requirements after processing and shaping, and adjust the speed of the second drive motor to be less than n; after the processing specifications and point load strength of the mudstone are determined, i.e., the F of the specimen 摩 F 临变 It can be determined that the maximum speed n of the second drive motor can be obtained after simplification. The calculation process is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] in:

[0078] I S(50) —The benchmark specimen point load strength index for axial tests, block tests, and irregular block tests;

[0079] m—mass (kg) of the cylindrical or square prism sample after initial cutting;

[0080] g - gravitational acceleration (9.8 m / s²);

[0081] r1—Radius (mm) of the standard mudstone specimen that meets the test requirements;

[0082] r2—the maximum radius (m) of the specimen edge from the center of the circle;

[0083] Will I S(50) =0.01MPa, m=14.63kg, g=9.8m / s, r1=25mm (if the radius of the molded sample required for the test is 25mm), r2=0.1061m. Inputting these values ​​into the control cabinet, we can calculate n=170.86 rpm. This value is set by the system. Based on the calculation result, the last digit is discarded to obtain the rotational speed of the X-axis fixture during machining, i.e., the value is taken as 170 (rpm).

[0084] (5) Control the transverse drive mechanism to drive the transverse adjustment frame back to the starting end of the horizontal track on the support frame. At this time, the cutting drill bit is facing the starting end of the cylindrical or square column sample. Then adjust the longitudinal drive mechanism to drive the longitudinal adjustment frame to move down along the longitudinal track until the distance between the cutting surface of the cutting head and the center of the main drive turntable is equal to the maximum radius r2 of the cylindrical or square column sample. Based on the point load strength, it can be determined that the mudstone is relatively soft. The transverse movement speed of the motor can be set to 1 mm / second. If the required sample radius r1 is 25 mm, the maximum cutting depth L = 106.1 - 25 = 81.1 mm is required. Set the single descent distance to 1 mm. The last single descent distance is automatically adjusted to 0.1 mm by the longitudinal drive mechanism based on the positioning to ensure that the radius of the standard sample after processing meets the set requirements.

[0085] (5) Start the finishing device to process the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample. Press "Horizontal Clamping", "Dust Removal", and "Longitudinal Cutting" on the control touch screen to start the motor. Press the "Longitudinal Forward" button until the cutting drill bit can contact the raw material. The equipment will then automatically run the set processing parameters. During the processing: the second drive motor 8 drives the main drive turntable 2, the clamping turntable 3, and the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample held by the two turntables to rotate. The cutting rotary motor 4 drives the cutting drill bit 5. The rotating mechanism grinds and cuts the sample surface. During the operation of the cutting drill, the transverse drive mechanism drives the cutting rotary motor and the cutting drill along the transverse adjustment frame from the starting end to the end of the cylindrical or square column sample at a set moving speed, performing the first round of forward grinding and cutting on the cylindrical or square column sample. When the cutting drill reaches the end of the cylindrical or square column sample, the transverse drive mechanism stops moving, and the longitudinal drive mechanism drives the cutting drill to descend according to the designed single descent distance. Then, the transverse drive mechanism drives the cutting drill to continue moving in the opposite direction from the end of the cylindrical or square column sample towards the starting end, performing the first round of reverse grinding and cutting on the surface of the cylindrical or square column sample. When the cutting drill moves in the opposite direction to the starting end of the cylindrical or square column sample, the transverse drive mechanism stops moving, and the longitudinal drive mechanism drives the cutting drill to continue descending according to the designed single descent distance. Then, the above process is repeated to perform the second round of grinding and beveling on the cylindrical or square column sample.

[0086] (6) Repeat step (5) until the longitudinal drive mechanism descends a distance of L, and grinds the starting end of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample to the end, thus completing the entire sample processing process; and at the same time, turn on the vacuum cleaner to remove the dust during the cutting process.

[0087] (7) After the sample is processed, the height is determined by using a micro cutter and a grinder according to the requirements of the specification for different test items.

[0088] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention, and while it is detailed and specific, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for processing expandable rock specimens, characterized in that: The processing device includes a large-part cutting device, a finishing device, and a dust collection device; the large-part cutting device includes a support platform (27), a rigid saw blade (28), and a first drive motor (29), both the first drive motor (29) and the rigid saw blade (28) are placed on the support platform (27), and the rigid saw blade (28) is driven by the first drive motor (29); the finishing device includes a work platform (1), a specimen fixing mechanism placed on the work platform, and a specimen finishing mechanism located above the specimen fixing mechanism; the specimen fixing mechanism includes a second drive motor (8), a main drive turntable (2), a clamping turntable (3), and a clamping mechanism (7), the second drive motor (8) is mounted on the work platform. On the work platform (1), the main drive turntable (2) is installed on the output shaft of the second drive motor (8), the clamping mechanism (7) is set on the same straight line as the second drive motor (8), the clamping turntable (3) is installed on the clamping end of the clamping mechanism (7), and the main drive turntable (2) and the clamping turntable (3) are arranged opposite to each other, forming a specimen clamping space between the two turntables; the specimen finishing mechanism includes a support frame (9), a transverse drive mechanism (10), a transverse adjustment frame (11), a longitudinal drive mechanism (12), a longitudinal adjustment frame (13), a cutting rotary motor (4) installed on the longitudinal adjustment frame (13), and a cutting drill bit (5) installed on the output end of the cutting rotary motor (4). A horizontal track (15) is provided on the support frame (9). The horizontal adjustment frame (11) is slidably mounted on the horizontal track (15). The horizontal drive mechanism (10) is mounted on the support frame (9) and controls the horizontal adjustment frame (11) to move left and right along the horizontal track (15) on the support frame (9). A longitudinal track (6) is provided on the horizontal adjustment frame (11). The longitudinal adjustment frame (13) is slidably mounted on the longitudinal track (6) of the horizontal adjustment frame (11). The longitudinal drive mechanism (12) is mounted on the horizontal adjustment frame (11) and controls the longitudinal adjustment frame (13) to move along the longitudinal track (6) on the horizontal adjustment frame (11). The cutting drill bit (5) moves up and down during the movement of the transverse adjustment frame (11) and the longitudinal adjustment frame (13). The cutting drill bit (5) is always facing the specimen clamping space. The transverse drive mechanism (10) and the longitudinal drive mechanism (12) are both drive motors. A transverse screw (21) is provided on the output shaft of the transverse drive mechanism (10), and a transverse nut sleeve (22) is provided on the back of the transverse adjustment frame (11). The transverse screw (21) is threadedly connected to the transverse nut sleeve (22). A longitudinal screw (23) is provided on the output shaft of the longitudinal drive mechanism (12), and a longitudinal nut sleeve (24) is provided on the back of the longitudinal adjustment frame (13). The longitudinal screw (23) is threadedly connected to the longitudinal nut sleeve (24). The dust collection device includes a dust collector (16) and a dust collection pipe (17). A dust collection hood (18) is provided at the air inlet of the dust collection pipe (17). When the large part cutting device cuts the test piece or the fine processing device processes the test piece, the dust collection hood (18) is fixed on the support platform (27) or the work platform (1), and its opening faces the test piece cutting area of ​​the large part cutting device or the test piece clamping space of the fine processing device. Based on the specifications and point load strength of the standard expanded rock specimen that meets the test requirements after processing and molding, the maximum speed n of the second drive motor (8) is calculated, and the speed of the second drive motor (8) is adjusted to be less than n; the calculation process of the maximum speed of the second drive motor (8) is as follows: ; in: —The benchmark specimen point load strength index for axial tests, block tests, and irregular block tests; m — the mass of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample to be finished, in kg; g—acceleration due to gravity, which is 9.8 m / s²; r1—Radius of a standard expansive rock specimen that meets the test requirements, in mm; r2—The radius of the cylindrical or square cylindrical specimen after initial cutting, in meters.

2. The expansion rock specimen processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The finishing device also includes a control cabinet (19) and a control panel (20). The control cabinet (19) is installed on the work platform (1). A starting limit switch and a terminal limit switch are provided on both the horizontal track (15) and the longitudinal track (6). The signal output terminals of the starting limit switches and the terminal limit switches on the horizontal track (15) and the longitudinal track (6) are connected to the signal input terminals of the control cabinet (19). The signal output terminals of the control cabinet (19) are connected to the control terminals of the vacuum cleaner (16), the second drive motor (8), the horizontal drive mechanism (10), and the vertical drive mechanism (12), respectively. The control cabinet (19) controls the feed speed of the horizontal drive mechanism (10) and the vertical drive mechanism (12), as well as the rotation speed of the second drive motor (8).

3. The apparatus for processing expandable rock specimens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cutting drill bit (5) includes a base (500), a heat sink (501), and a diamond cutting head (502). The heat sink (501) is fixedly connected to the base (500), and heat dissipation holes (503) are provided on the heat sink (501). The diamond cutting head (502) is a hollow cylindrical structure with a cylindrical or regular polygonal shape or a cylindrical outer wall with multiple vertical concave areas. The diamond cutting head (502) is fixedly connected inside the heat sink (501), and its hollow area is connected to the hollow area of ​​the heat sink (501).

4. The expansion rock specimen processing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (7) includes a clamping bracket (700), a first nut sleeve (701) mounted on the clamping bracket (700), and a first screw (702) that matches the first nut sleeve (701). The first screw (702) passes through the first nut sleeve (701), and one end of it near the main drive turntable (2) is connected to the clamping turntable (3), while the other end is provided with a rotating handwheel (703).

5. The apparatus for processing expandable rock specimens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: An adjustment track (25) is provided on the working platform (1). The clamping mechanism (7) is installed on the adjustment track (25) by locking bolts and can move along the adjustment track (25) when the locking bolts are loose. The main drive turntable (2) and the clamping turntable (3) are provided with anti-slip protruding rubber pads on the contact surfaces with the specimen.

6. The apparatus for processing expandable rock specimens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The second drive motor (8) is provided with a motor protective cover (26), the output shaft of the second drive motor (8) extends out of the motor protective cover (26) and is connected to the main drive turntable (2); the rigid saw blade (28) is a disc-shaped saw blade, which is rotatably mounted on the output shaft of the first drive motor (29), and a cutter head protective cover (30) is provided on the upper part of the rigid saw blade (28), which is fixed on the bracket of the second drive motor (8).

7. A method for processing expandable rock specimens, characterized in that: The processing method uses the expansion rock specimen processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the specific processing procedure is as follows: (1) First, the irregular expansive rock is cut into lengths that meet the requirements of the expansive rock test using a rigid saw blade. Standard expanded rock specimens are prepared using cylindrical or square cylindrical specimens of matching length. At this point, the dust collection device is moved to the vicinity of the support platform, and the dust collection hood is fixed to the side of the support platform with its opening facing the cutting area. The dust collection device is then turned on to perform dust collection during the cutting process. (2) Place the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample formed by rough cutting in step (1) in the specimen clamping space between the main drive turntable and the clamping turntable, and clamp the sample by the clamping mechanism. (3) Fix the dust collection hood of the dust collection device to the side of the work platform, with its opening facing the cylindrical or square column sample. (4) Adjust the transverse drive mechanism to drive the transverse adjustment frame back to the starting end of the horizontal track on the support frame. At this time, the cutting drill bit is facing the starting end of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample. Then, adjust the longitudinal drive mechanism to drive the longitudinal adjustment frame to move downward along the longitudinal track until the distance between the cutting surface of the cutting head and the center of the main drive turntable is equal to the maximum radius r2 of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample. Adjust the moving speed of the transverse drive mechanism to 0.5~5mm / s. Set the total descending distance L = r of the longitudinal drive mechanism according to the radius r1 of the standard sample after processing. 2- r1 is set, and the single descent distance is set to 0.5–1.5 mm; based on the specifications and point load strength of the standard expanded rock specimen that meets the test requirements after processing and molding, the maximum speed n of the second drive motor is calculated, and the speed of the second drive motor is adjusted to be less than n; the calculation process of the maximum speed of the second drive motor is as follows: ； in: —The benchmark specimen point load strength index for axial tests, block tests, and irregular block tests; m — the mass of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample to be finished, in kg; g—acceleration due to gravity, which is 9.8 m / s²; r1—Radius of a standard expansive rock specimen that meets the test requirements, in mm; r2—Radius of the cylindrical or square cylindrical specimen after initial cutting, in meters; (5) The finishing device is turned on to process the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample. During the processing: the second drive motor drives the main drive turntable, the clamping turntable and the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample held by the two turntables to rotate. The cutting rotary motor drives the cutting drill bit to rotate to grind and cut the sample surface. During the operation of the cutting drill bit, the transverse drive mechanism drives the cutting rotary motor and the cutting drill bit to move along the transverse adjustment frame from the starting end to the end of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample according to the set moving speed, and performs the first round of forward grinding and cutting on the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample. When the cylindrical or square specimen reaches its end, the transverse drive mechanism stops moving, and the longitudinal drive mechanism drives the cutting drill bit to descend according to the designed single descent distance. Then, the transverse drive mechanism drives the cutting drill bit to continue moving in the opposite direction from the end of the cylindrical or square specimen toward the starting end, performing the first round of reverse grinding and cutting on the surface of the cylindrical or square specimen. When the cutting drill bit moves in the opposite direction to the starting end of the cylindrical or square specimen, the transverse drive mechanism stops moving, and the longitudinal drive mechanism drives the cutting drill bit to continue descending according to the designed single descent distance. Then, the above process is repeated to perform the second round of grinding and beveling on the cylindrical or square specimen. (6) Repeat step (5) until the longitudinal drive mechanism descends a distance of L, and grinds the starting end of the cylindrical or square cylindrical sample to the end, thus completing the entire sample processing process; and at the same time, turn on the vacuum cleaner to remove the dust during the cutting process.

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