Target qubit decoupling in echo cross-resonance gates

Abstract

Systems, computer-implemented methods, and / or computer program products are provided that can assist in decoupling a target qubit in an echo cross-resonance gate. According to an embodiment, the computer-implemented method may include receiving both a cross-resonance pulse and a decoupling pulse at a target qubit by a system operatively coupled to a processor. The cross-resonance pulse is propagated to the target qubit via a control qubit. The computer-implemented method may further include receiving, by the system, a state-reversal pulse at the control qubit. The computer-implemented method may further include receiving, by the system, both a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse and a phase-reversed decoupling pulse at the target qubit. The phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse is propagated to the target qubit via a control qubit.

Description

Background Art

[0001] The present disclosure relates to echo cross-resonance gates, and more particularly to target qubit decoupling in echo cross-resonance gates. Summary of the invention

[0002] An overview is presented below to provide a basic understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention. This overview is not intended to identify key or important elements, or to depict any scope of a particular embodiment or any scope of the claims. Its sole purpose is to present concepts in a simplified form as a preface to a more detailed description presented later. In one or more embodiments described herein, a system, a computer-implemented method, and / or a computer program product that can assist in decoupling a target qubit in an echo cross-resonance gate is described.

[0003] According to an embodiment, a computer-implemented method may include receiving, by a system operatively coupled to a processor, both a cross-resonance pulse and a decoupling pulse at a target qubit. The cross-resonance pulse is propagated to the target qubit via a control qubit. The computer-implemented method may further include receiving, by the system, a state-reversal pulse at the control qubit. The computer-implemented method may further include receiving, by the system, both a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse and a phase-reversed decoupling pulse at the target qubit. The phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse is propagated to the target qubit via a control qubit.

[0004] According to another embodiment, the system may include a processor that executes a computer executable component stored in a memory. The system may further include a control qubit that is operatively coupled to the processor and receives a cross-resonance pulse, a state-reversed pulse, and a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse. The system may further include a target qubit that is coupled to the control qubit and receives a cross-resonance pulse, a decoupling pulse, a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse, and a phase-reversed decoupling pulse. The cross-resonance pulse and the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse are propagated to the target qubit via the control qubit.

[0005] According to another embodiment, a computer-implemented method may include applying a first pulse signal to a control qubit having a first resonant frequency by a system operatively coupled to a processor. The computer-implemented method may further include applying a second pulse signal to a target qubit coupled to the control qubit by the system, the target qubit having a second resonant frequency. The first and second pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency. The computer-implemented method may further include applying a third pulse signal to the control qubit by the system at the first resonant frequency for producing an inverted state relative to a current state of the control qubit. The computer-implemented method may further include applying a fourth pulse signal to the control qubit by the system. The computer-implemented method may further include applying a fifth pulse signal to the target qubit by the system. The fourth and fifth pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency. The fourth and fifth pulse signals include a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees relative to the corresponding first and second pulse signals.

[0006] According to another embodiment, a system may include a memory storing a computer executable component and a processor executing the computer executable component stored in the memory. The computer executable component may include a cross-resonance pulse component that applies a first pulse signal to a control qubit having a first resonant frequency. The computer executable component may further include a decoupling pulse component that applies a second pulse signal to a target qubit coupled to the control qubit, the target qubit having a second resonant frequency. The first and second pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency. The computer executable component may further include a state reversal pulse component that applies a third pulse signal to the control qubit at the first resonant frequency to generate an inverted state relative to the current state of the control qubit. The computer executable component may further include a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component that applies a fourth pulse signal to the control qubit. The computer executable component may further include a phase-reversed decoupling pulse component that applies a fifth pulse signal to the target qubit. The fourth and fifth pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and at the second resonant frequency. The fourth and fifth pulse signals include a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees relative to the corresponding first and second pulse signals.

[0007] According to another embodiment, a computer-implemented method may include applying, by a system operatively coupled to a processor, a cross-resonance pulse having a first pulse period to a control qubit coupled to a target qubit. The computer-implemented method may further include applying, by the system, a decoupling pulse having a second pulse period to the target qubit. The cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse are in phase at the target qubit and at a resonant frequency of the target qubit. The computer-implemented method may further include applying, by the system, a phase-reversed decoupling pulse having a third pulse period to the target qubit, the phase-reversed decoupling pulse including a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees relative to the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse at the target qubit and at the resonant frequency of the target qubit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 A block diagram of an example, non-limiting system that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown.

[0009] Figure 2 A diagram illustrating example, non-limiting pulse diagrams that may assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate according to one or more embodiments described herein.

[0010] Figure 3 A diagram illustrating example, non-limiting pulse diagrams that may assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate according to one or more embodiments described herein.

[0011] Figure 4 A flow chart is shown of an example, non-limiting computer-implemented method that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0012] Figure 5 A flow chart is shown of an example, non-limiting computer-implemented method that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0013] Figure 6 A flow chart is shown of an example, non-limiting computer-implemented method that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0014] Figure 7 A flow chart is shown of an example, non-limiting computer-implemented method that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0015] Figure 8 A block diagram of an example, non-limiting operating environment that may facilitate one or more embodiments described herein is shown.

[0016] Fig. 9 A block diagram of an example, non-limiting cloud computing environment is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.

[0017] Fig.10 A block diagram of example, non-limiting abstract model layers according to one or more embodiments of the invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following detailed description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the embodiments and / or the application or uses of the embodiments. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any explicit or implicit information presented in the previous background or summary or detailed description sections.

[0019] One or more embodiments are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals are used throughout to refer to the same elements. In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it is apparent that in various cases, one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.

[0020] Cross-resonance (CR) gates are entangled two-qubit (dual-qubit) gates that can be used with single-qubit gates to define a complete basis set for universal quantum computation. Current embodiments of cross-resonance gates suffer from coherent error sources that can be corrected in different ways, as well as incoherent error sources that present a fundamental limit on the error (coherence limit).

[0021] For superconducting qubits, a cross-resonance gate is implemented for a pair of coupled qubits by using microwave pulses to drive one qubit (e.g., the target qubit) at the fundamental frequency of the other qubit (e.g., the drive control qubit). Undesired coupling can lead to coherence errors, which prevent the error rate of the gate from reaching the coherence limit.

[0022] Some prior art attempts to eliminate this undesirable coupling that can cause coherence errors involve implementing an "echoed" cross-resonance gate. An echoed cross-resonance gate splits the operation into two, where half of the operation is performed, the control qubit state is reversed, and the second half is performed with the opposite phase. The problem with this technique is that it only eliminates some sources of coherence errors, not all. For example, one current technique uses pulses applied to a target qubit to correct the IX and IY rotations caused by the cross-resonance pulses on the target. The design of these pulses is intended to leave only a ZX rotation on the target to implement a cross-resonance gate (e.g., intended to leave some Z errors).

[0023] In view of the problems described above regarding current implementations of cross-resonance gates and / or echo cross-resonance gates being subject to coherent error sources, the present disclosure may be implemented to produce solutions to such problems in the form of a system, a computer-implemented method, and / or a computer program product that may: apply a first pulse signal to a control qubit having a first resonant frequency; apply a second pulse signal to a target qubit coupled to the control qubit, the target qubit having a second resonant frequency, wherein the first and second pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency; apply a third pulse signal to the control qubit at the first resonant frequency for producing an inverted state relative to a current state of the control qubit; apply a fourth pulse signal to the control qubit; and apply a fifth pulse signal to the target qubit, wherein the fourth and fifth pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency, and wherein the fourth and fifth pulse signals include a phase difference of substantially one hundred and eighty degrees (180°) relative to the corresponding first and second pulse signals. By applying both (e.g., simultaneously) a cross-resonance pulse and a decoupling pulse to a target qubit that are in phase at the target qubit (e.g., applying a large IX rotation to the target qubit to substantially cancel the Z error), the present disclosure can reduce the effects of undesired error sources applied to a two-qubit gate (e.g., a cross-resonance gate, an echo cross-resonance gate, etc.) during gate operation and thereby improve the computational power of a quantum computer including the gate.

[0024] Figure 1 A block diagram of an example, non-limiting system 100 that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate is shown according to one or more embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, system 100 may include a target qubit decoupling system 102 that can be associated with a cloud computing environment. For example, target qubit decoupling system 102 can be associated with a cloud computing environment. Fig. 9 The cloud computing environment 950 described and / or referred to below Fig.10One or more functional abstraction layers (eg, hardware and software layer 1060, virtualization layer 1070, management layer 1080, and / or workload layer 1090) are described as being associated.

[0025] In some embodiments, target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or its components (e.g., cross-resonance pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, etc.) may be implemented as follows: Fig. 9 One or more computing resources of the cloud computing environment 950 described and / or described below Fig.10 The one or more functional abstraction layers described herein can be used to perform one or more operations according to one or more embodiments of the subject disclosure described herein. For example, the cloud computing environment 950 and / or one or more functional abstraction layers can include one or more classical computing devices (e.g., classical computers, classical processors, virtual machines, servers, etc.) and / or one or more quantum computing devices (e.g., quantum computers, quantum processors, quantum circuit simulation software, superconducting circuits, etc.), which can be used by the target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or its components to perform one or more operations according to one or more embodiments of the subject disclosure described herein. For example, the target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or its components can use the one or more classical and / or quantum computing devices to perform one or more mathematical functions and / or equations, one or more calculations and / or processing scripts, one or more models (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI) models, machine learning (ML) models, etc.), one or more classical and / or quantum algorithms, and / or another operation according to one or more embodiments of the subject disclosure described herein. In another example, the target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or its components can use the one or more classical and / or quantum computing devices to train one or more models (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI) models, machine learning (ML) models, etc.).

[0026] It is understood that although the present disclosure includes detailed descriptions about cloud computing, the implementation of the teachings cited herein is not limited to cloud computing environments. Instead, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed.

[0027] Cloud computing is a service delivery model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be quickly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with the service provider. The cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models.

[0028] Features are as follows:

[0029] On-demand self-service: Cloud consumers can unilaterally and automatically provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed without requiring human interaction with the service provider.

[0030] Broad network access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that facilitate use of heterogeneous thin-client or thick-client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).

[0031] Resource pooling: A provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, where different physical and virtual resources are dynamically allocated and reallocated based on demand. There is a sense of location independence, as consumers typically do not have control or knowledge of the exact location of the resources provided, but may be able to specify the location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data center).

[0032] Rapid elasticity: The ability to quickly and elastically provision capacity, in some cases automatically scaling down quickly and releasing quickly to scale up quickly. To the consumer, the capacity available for provisioning generally appears unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.

[0033] Measured services: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource usage by leveraging metering capabilities at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency to both providers and consumers of the utilized services.

[0034] The service model is as follows:

[0035] Software as a Service (SaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications can be accessed from different client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including the network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.

[0036] Platform as a Service (PaaS): The capability provided to consumers is to deploy applications created or acquired by consumers using programming languages ​​and tools supported by the provider onto the cloud infrastructure. Consumers do not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems or storage, but have control over the deployed applications and possible configuration of the application hosting environment.

[0037] Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): The capabilities provided to consumers are the provision of processing, storage, networking, and other basic computing resources on which consumers can deploy and run arbitrary software, which may include operating systems and applications. Consumers do not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, but have control over the operating system, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control over selected networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

[0038] The deployment model is as follows:

[0039] Private Cloud: Cloud infrastructure is operated only for the organization. It can be managed by the organization or a third party and can exist on-premises or off-premises.

[0040] Community Cloud: Cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community with shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policies, and compliance considerations). It can be managed by the organization or a third party and can exist on-premises or off-premises.

[0041] Public cloud: Cloud infrastructure is made available to the public or large industry groups and is owned by an organization that sells cloud services.

[0042] Hybrid cloud: A cloud infrastructure is a combination of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technologies that enable data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).

[0043] Cloud computing environments are service-oriented and focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the core of cloud computing is the infrastructure that includes a network of interconnected nodes.

[0044] Continue Now Figure 1 According to several embodiments, target qubit decoupling system 102 may include memory 104, processor 106, cross-resonance pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, and / or bus 118.

[0045] It should be understood that the embodiments of the subject disclosure described in the various figures disclosed herein are for illustration only, and therefore, the architecture of these embodiments is not limited to the systems, devices and / or components described herein. For example, in some embodiments, the system 100 and / or the target qubit decoupling system 102 may further include the reference operating environment 800 and Figure 8 The various computers and / or computing-based components described herein may be combined with the implementation of Figure 1Or used in combination with one or more of the systems, devices, components, and / or computer-implemented operations shown and described in other figures disclosed herein.

[0046] Memory 104 may store one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that, when executed by processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.), may facilitate the performance of operations defined by the executable component(s) and / or instruction(s). For example, memory 104 may store computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that, when executed by processor 106, may facilitate the performance of various functions described herein, involving the functions of target qubit decoupling system 102, cross-resonant pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonant pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, and / or another component associated with target qubit decoupling system 102 described herein with or without the use of various figures of the present disclosure.

[0047] The memory 104 may include volatile memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), etc.) and / or non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), etc.) that may employ one or more memory architectures. Reference is made below to system memory 816 and Figure 8 Further examples of memory 104 are described. Such examples of memory 104 may be used to implement any embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0048] Processor 106 may include one or more types of processors and / or electronic circuits (e.g., classical processors, quantum processors, etc.) that may implement one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that may be stored on memory 104. For example, processor 106 may perform different operations that may be specified by the computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions, including but not limited to logic, control, input / output (I / O), arithmetic, etc. In some embodiments, processor 106 may include one or more central processing units, multi-core processors, microprocessors, dual microprocessors, microcontrollers, systems on a chip (SOCs), array processors, vector processors, quantum processors, and / or another type of processor. The following references processing unit 814 and Figure 8 Describes further examples of processor 106. Such examples of processor 106 may be used to implement any embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0049] Target qubit decoupling system 102, memory 104, processor 106, cross-resonant pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state-reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonant pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, and / or another component of target qubit decoupling system 102 as described herein may be communicatively, electronically, operatively, and / or optically coupled to each other via bus 118 to perform the functions of system 100, target qubit decoupling system 102, and / or any components coupled thereto. In several embodiments, bus 118 may include one or more memory buses, memory controllers, peripheral buses, external buses, local buses, quantum buses, and / or another type of bus that may employ a variety of bus architectures. Reference is made below to system bus 818 and Figure 8 Describes further examples of bus 118. Such examples of bus 118 may be used to implement any embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0050] The target qubit decoupling system 102 may include any type of components, machines, equipment, facilities, devices, and / or instruments that include processors and / or may be capable of effectively and / or operatively communicating with wired and / or wireless networks. All such embodiments are contemplated. For example, the target qubit decoupling system 102 may include a server device, a computing device, a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a quantum computing device (e.g., a quantum computer), a tablet computing device, a handheld device, a server-class computing machine and / or database, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a consumer appliance and / or instrument, an industrial and / or commercial device, a digital assistant, a multimedia Internet-enabled phone, a multimedia player, and / or another type of device.

[0051] Target qubit decoupling system 102 may be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electronically, operationally, optically, etc.) to one or more external systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., classical and / or quantum computing devices, communication devices, etc.) via a data cable (e.g., High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), Recommended Standard (RS) 232, Ethernet cable, etc.). In some embodiments, target qubit decoupling system 102 may be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electronically, operationally, optically, etc.) to one or more external systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., classical and / or quantum computing devices, communication devices, etc.) via a network.

[0052] In some embodiments, the network may include wired and wireless networks, including but not limited to cellular networks, wide area networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), or local area networks (LANs). For example, target qubit decoupling system 102 may communicate with one or more external systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., computing devices (and vice versa)) using virtually any desired wired or wireless technology, including but not limited to: Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and / or cellular networks.

[0053] (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (Enhanced GPRS), 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Zigbee and other 802.XX wireless technologies and / or legacy telecommunication technologies, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), RF4CE protocol, wireless HART protocol, 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over low power wireless area network), Z-Wave, ANT, ultra-wideband (UWB) standard protocol and / or other proprietary and non-proprietary communication protocols. In this example, the target quantum bit decoupling system 102 may therefore include hardware (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a transceiver, a decoder, a quantum processor, etc.), software (e.g., a set of threads, a set of processes, software in execution, quantum pulse scheduling, quantum circuits, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software that assists in transferring information between the target quantum bit decoupling system 102 and an external system, source, and / or device (e.g., a computing device, a communication device, etc.).

[0054] Target qubit decoupling system 102 may include one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that, when executed by processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.), may assist in the performance of operations defined by the components and / or instructions. Further, in many embodiments, as described herein with or without reference to the various figures of the subject disclosure, any component associated with target qubit decoupling system 102 may include one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that, when executed by processor 106, may assist in the performance of operations defined by the components and / or instructions. For example, cross-resonance pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state-reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, and / or any other component associated with target qubit decoupling system 102 as disclosed herein (e.g., communicatively, electronically, operatively, and / or optically coupled to and / or employed by target qubit decoupling system 102) may include such computer- and / or machine-readable, writable, and / or executable component(s) and / or instruction(s). As a result, according to various embodiments, target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or any component associated therewith as disclosed herein may employ processor 106 to execute such computer- and / or machine-readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions for facilitating the performance of one or more operations described herein with reference to target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or any such component associated therewith.

[0055] As disclosed herein, target qubit decoupling system 102 may assist in performing operations performed by and / or associated with cross-resonance pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state-reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, and / or another component associated with target qubit decoupling system 102. For example, as described in detail below, target qubit decoupling system 102 may assist via processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.): receiving a cross-resonance pulse and a decoupling pulse at a target qubit, wherein the cross-resonance pulse is propagated to the target qubit via a control qubit; receiving a state-reversal pulse at a control qubit; and / or receiving a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse and a phase-reversed decoupling pulse at a target qubit, wherein the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse is propagated to the target qubit via a control qubit. In an example, the target qubit decoupling system 102 can further assist via a processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.): receiving a cross-resonance pulse and a decoupling pulse simultaneously at the target qubit; and / or receiving a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse and a phase-reversed decoupling pulse simultaneously at the target qubit, thereby assisting at least one of the following: an improved error rate of a quantum gate including the target qubit and the control qubit, an improved fidelity of the quantum gate, or an improved fidelity of a quantum device including the quantum gate. In an example, the cross-resonance pulse and the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse include substantially the same amplitude and pulse period and / or substantially the same one hundred and eighty degrees (180°) phase difference. In an example, the decoupling pulse and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse include substantially the same amplitude and pulse period or substantially different amplitudes and pulse periods and / or substantially the same one hundred and eighty degrees (180°) phase difference. In an example, the cross-resonance pulse, the decoupling pulse, the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse, and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse are at the resonant frequency of the target qubit.

[0056] In another example, as described in detail below, the target qubit decoupling system 102 can be further assisted via a processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.): applying a first pulse signal to a control qubit having a first resonant frequency; applying a second pulse signal to a target qubit coupled to the control qubit, the target qubit having a second resonant frequency, wherein the first and second pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency; applying a third pulse signal to the control qubit at the first resonant frequency for producing an inverted state relative to a current state of the control qubit; applying a fourth pulse signal to the control qubit; and / or applying a fifth pulse signal to the target qubit, wherein the fourth and fifth pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency, and wherein the fourth and fifth pulse signals include a phase difference of substantially one hundred eighty degrees (180°) relative to the corresponding first and second pulse signals. In an example, the target qubit decoupling system 102 can further assist via a processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.): simultaneously applying a first pulse signal to a control qubit and applying a second pulse signal to a target qubit, wherein the first pulse signal propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit; and / or simultaneously applying a fourth pulse signal to the control qubit and applying a fifth pulse signal to the target qubit, wherein the fourth pulse signal propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit. In an example, the fourth and fifth pulse signals are substantially the same as the first and second pulse signals. In an example, the second pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include substantially the same amplitude and pulse period. In an example, the second pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include substantially different amplitudes and pulse periods.

[0057] In another example, target qubit decoupling system 102 may further assist via processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.): applying a cross-resonance pulse having a first pulse period to a control qubit coupled to a target qubit; applying a decoupling pulse having a second pulse period to the target qubit, wherein the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse are in phase at the target qubit and at the resonant frequency of the target qubit; and / or applying a phase-reversed decoupling pulse having a third pulse period to the target qubit at the resonant frequency of the target qubit and including a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees (180°) relative to the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse at the target qubit. In an example, as described in detail below, target qubit decoupling system 102 may further assist via processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.): applying a first phase adjustment pulse to the control qubit at the resonant frequency of the control qubit; and / or applying a second phase adjustment pulse to the target qubit at the resonant frequency of the target qubit. In an example, as described in detail below, the target qubit decoupling system 102 can further assist via a processor 106 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, etc.): simultaneously applying a cross-resonance pulse to a control qubit and applying a decoupling pulse to a target qubit, wherein the cross-resonance pulse propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit; and / or simultaneously applying a cross-resonance pulse to a control qubit and applying a phase-reversed decoupling pulse to a target qubit, wherein the cross-resonance pulse propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit, thereby assisting in at least one of a reduced operation time of a quantum gate including the target qubit and the control qubit or an improved performance of a quantum device including the quantum gate. In an example, the second pulse period includes a first defined portion of the first pulse period, the third pulse period includes a second defined portion of the first pulse period, and the second pulse period and the third pulse period together are equal to the first pulse period. In an example, the decoupling pulse and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse include substantially different amplitudes and substantially the same pulse periods, or the decoupling pulse and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse include substantially the same amplitude and substantially different pulse periods.

[0058] The cross-resonance pulse component 108 may apply the first pulse signal to a control qubit (not shown) having a first resonant frequency. For example, the cross-resonance pulse component 108 may apply the first pulse signal including the cross-resonance pulse to a control qubit of a quantum gate (not shown), such as a cross-resonance gate, an echo cross-resonance gate, and / or another quantum gate, wherein the control qubit may include a certain resonant frequency. In some embodiments, the control qubit and / or quantum gate may be implemented in a quantum device (e.g., a quantum computer, a quantum processor, quantum hardware, a quantum circuit, a superconducting circuit, etc.) to implement one or more quantum computing and / or quantum data processing operations.

[0059] To assist in applying the pulse signal as described above to the control qubit, the cross-resonance pulse component 108 may use one or more signal devices (not shown in the figure), which may send microwave pulse signals to and / or receive microwave pulse signals from a quantum device, the quantum device including a quantum gate and / or a control qubit (e.g., the quantum gate and / or quantum device including a control qubit as defined above). For example, to assist in applying the pulse signal as described above to the control qubit, the cross-resonance pulse component 108 may use one or more signal devices, including but not limited to one or more arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs), radio frequency (RF) electronic devices, and / or local oscillators, to generate pulse signals and / or apply pulse signals to the control qubit. In some embodiments (not shown), the one or more signal devices may be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electronically, operationally, optically, etc.) to the target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or one or more components thereof (e.g., memory 104, processor 106, cross-resonance pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, bus 118, etc.). In these embodiments, the one or more signal devices may be further coupled (e.g., communicatively, electronically, operationally, optically, etc.) to the quantum devices and / or quantum gates including the control qubits defined above to assist in applying the pulse signals as described above to the control qubits. In these embodiments, the control qubits, quantum gates, quantum devices, and / or signal devices (e.g., arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs), radio frequency (RF) electronics, local oscillators, etc.) may constitute components of the system 100.

[0060] The decoupling pulse component 110 may apply a second pulse signal to a target qubit (not shown) coupled to a control qubit, the target qubit having a second resonant frequency, wherein the first and second pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency. For example, the decoupling pulse component 110 may apply a second pulse signal including a decoupling pulse to a target qubit of a quantum gate, such as a quantum gate including a control qubit as described above (e.g., a cross-resonance gate, an echo cross-resonance gate, etc.). In this example, the target qubit may be coupled to a control qubit, the target qubit may have a specific resonant frequency (e.g., a resonant frequency that is different from the resonant frequency of the control qubit), and the first and second pulse signals (e.g., corresponding cross-resonance pulses and decoupling pulses) may be at the resonant frequency of the target qubit and in phase at the target qubit (e.g., in phase when arriving at the target qubit).

[0061] In order to assist in applying the pulse signal as described above to the target qubit, the decoupling pulse component 110 may use one or more devices defined above that can send microwave pulse signals to a quantum device and / or receive microwave pulse signals from a quantum device, the quantum device including a quantum gate having a control qubit and a target qubit. For example, in order to assist in applying the pulse signal as described above to the target qubit of the quantum gate, the decoupling pulse component 110 may use one or more signal devices (including but not limited to one or more arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs), radio frequency (RF) electronic devices, and / or local oscillators) to generate pulse signals and / or apply pulse signals to the target qubit. In some embodiments (not shown in the figure), the one or more signal devices may be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electronically, operatively, optically, etc.) to the target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or one or more components thereof (e.g., memory 104, processor 106, cross-resonance pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, bus 118, etc.). In these embodiments, the one or more signal devices may be further coupled (e.g., communicatively, electronically, operationally, optically, etc.) to the quantum devices and / or quantum gates defined above including control qubits and target qubits to assist in applying the pulse signal to the control qubits and / or target qubits, as described above. In these embodiments, the control qubits, target qubits, quantum gates, quantum devices, and / or signal devices (e.g., arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs), radio frequency (RF) electronics, local oscillators, etc.) may constitute components of system 100.

[0062] In some embodiments, cross-resonance pulse component 108 and decoupling pulse component 110 may employ one or more such devices as defined above (e.g., arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), radio frequency (RF) electronics, local oscillator, etc.) to simultaneously and correspondingly apply a first pulse signal (e.g., cross-resonance pulse) to the control qubit and a second pulse signal (e.g., decoupling pulse) to the target qubit. In these embodiments, the first pulse signal (e.g., cross-resonance pulse) and the second pulse signal (e.g., decoupling pulse) may arrive at the target qubit at the same time (e.g., may be received by the target qubit at the same time). In these embodiments, the first pulse signal (e.g., cross-resonance pulse) that may be applied to the control qubit by cross-resonance pulse component 108 as described above may propagate to the target qubit via the control qubit (e.g., due to coupling of the target qubit to the control qubit).

[0063] The state reversal pulse component 112 may apply a third pulse signal to the control qubit at a first resonant frequency to generate an inverted state relative to the current state of the control qubit. For example, the state reversal pulse component 112 may apply a third pulse signal including a state reversal pulse to the control qubit of the above-mentioned quantum gate. In this example, the state reversal pulse component 112 may apply the pulse signal (e.g., a state reversal pulse) at the resonant frequency of the control qubit to generate an inverted state (e.g., a 0 state, a 1 state, etc.) relative to the current state of the control qubit (e.g., a 0 state, a 1 state, etc.).

[0064] To assist in applying the pulse signal to the control qubit as described above, the state reversal pulse component 112 may use one or more devices defined above that can send microwave pulse signals to and / or receive microwave pulse signals from a quantum device, the quantum device including a quantum gate having a control qubit and a target qubit. For example, to assist in applying the pulse signal to the control qubit of the quantum gate as described above, the state reversal pulse component 112 may use one or more signal devices, including but not limited to one or more arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs), radio frequency (RF) electronic devices, and / or local oscillators, to generate a pulse signal and / or apply the pulse signal to the control qubit.

[0065] The phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114 may apply a fourth pulse signal to the control qubit. For example, the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114 may apply a fourth pulse signal including a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse to the control qubit of the above-mentioned quantum gate. In this example, the pulse signal (e.g., a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse) may be at the resonant frequency of the target qubit.

[0066] To assist in applying the pulse signal to the control qubit as described above, the phase-reversed cross-resonant pulse component 114 may use one or more devices defined above that can send microwave pulse signals to and / or receive microwave pulse signals from a quantum device that includes a quantum gate having a control qubit and a target qubit. For example, to assist in applying the pulse signal to the control qubit of the quantum gate as described above, the phase-reversed cross-resonant pulse component 114 may use one or more signal devices, including but not limited to one or more arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs), radio frequency (RF) electronic devices, and / or local oscillators, to generate the pulse signal and / or apply the pulse signal to the control qubit.

[0067] The phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116 can apply a fifth pulse signal to the target qubit, wherein the fourth and fifth pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and at the second resonant frequency, and wherein the fourth and fifth pulse signals include a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees (180°) relative to the corresponding first and second pulse signals. For example, the phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116 can apply a fifth pulse signal including a phase-reversed decoupling pulse to the target qubit of the above-mentioned quantum gate. In this example, the fourth and fifth pulse signals (e.g., respectively, a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse and a phase-reversed decoupling pulse) may be at the resonant frequency of the target qubit and be in phase at the target qubit (e.g., in phase when arriving at the target qubit). In this example, the fourth and fifth pulse signals (e.g., phase-inverted cross-resonance pulses and phase-inverted decoupling pulses, respectively) that may be applied by the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse component 114 and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse component 116, respectively, may include a phase difference of substantially one hundred eighty degrees (180°) relative to the corresponding first and second pulse signals (e.g., cross-resonance pulses and decoupling pulses, respectively) that may be applied by the cross-resonance pulse component 108 and the decoupling pulse component 110, respectively, as described above.

[0068] To assist in applying the pulse signal to the target qubit as described above, the phase-reversed decoupled pulse component 116 may use one or more devices defined above that can send microwave pulse signals to a quantum device and / or receive microwave pulse signals from a quantum device, the quantum device including a quantum gate having a control qubit and a target qubit. For example, to assist in applying the pulse signal to the target qubit of the quantum gate as described above, the phase-reversed decoupled pulse component 116 may use one or more signal devices (including but not limited to one or more arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs), radio frequency (RF) electronic devices, and / or local oscillators) to generate a pulse signal and / or apply the pulse signal to the target qubit.

[0069] In some embodiments, the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114 and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116 may employ one or more such devices as defined above (e.g., arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), radio frequency (RF) electronic device, local oscillator, etc.) to simultaneously and correspondingly apply a fourth pulse signal (e.g., phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse) to the control qubit and a fifth pulse signal (e.g., phase-reversed decoupling pulse) to the target qubit. In these embodiments, the fourth pulse signal (e.g., phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse) and the fifth pulse signal (e.g., phase-reversed decoupling pulse) may arrive at the target qubit at the same time (e.g., may be received by the target qubit at the same time). In these embodiments, the fourth pulse signal (e.g., phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse) that may be applied to the control qubit by the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114 as described above may be propagated to the target qubit via the control qubit (e.g., due to the coupling of the target qubit to the control qubit).

[0070] In some embodiments, the fourth and fifth pulse signals described above (e.g., the corresponding phase-inverted cross-resonance pulses and the phase-inverted decoupling pulses) may be substantially the same as the first and second pulse signals described above (e.g., the corresponding cross-resonance pulses and the decoupling pulses). In some embodiments, the second and fifth pulse signals described above (e.g., the corresponding decoupling pulses and the phase-inverted decoupling pulses) may include substantially the same amplitude and pulse period. In some embodiments, the second and fifth pulse signals described above (e.g., the corresponding decoupling pulses and the phase-inverted decoupling pulses) may include substantially different amplitudes and pulse periods. In some embodiments, the first pulse signal and the fourth pulse signal described above (e.g., the corresponding cross-resonance pulses and the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulses) may include substantially the same amplitude and pulse period, and substantially the same 180 degree (180°) phase difference. In some embodiments, the second pulse signal and the fourth pulse signal described above (e.g., the corresponding decoupling pulses and the phase-inverted decoupling pulses) may include substantially the same amplitude and pulse period or substantially different amplitudes and pulse periods, and substantially the same 180 degree (180°) phase difference.

[0071] Figure 2 A diagram of an example, non-limiting pulse diagram 200 that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0072] Pulse diagram 200 shows a visual representation of pulse signals that may be generated by target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or applied to a control qubit and / or target qubit of a quantum gate. For example, pulse signals 202, 204, 206, 208, 210 depicted in pulse diagram 200 may represent different pulse signals that may be generated by target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or applied to a control qubit and / or target qubit of a quantum gate. Figure 1 The target qubit decoupling system 102 is described to generate and / or apply to the control qubits and / or target qubits of a quantum gate (eg, a cross-resonance gate, an echo cross-resonance gate, etc.).

[0073] In the example, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , pulse signal 202 may represent a first pulse signal, such as a cross-resonance pulse, which may be applied by cross-resonance pulse component 108 to a control qubit of a quantum gate including a control qubit and a target qubit coupled to each other. In this example, cross-resonance pulse component 108 may apply pulse signal 202 at the resonant frequency of the target qubit via control channel 212, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0074] In another example, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the pulse signal 204 may represent a second pulse signal, such as a decoupling pulse, which may be applied to the target qubit of the quantum gate described above, including the control qubit and the target qubit coupled to each other, by the decoupling pulse component 110. In this example, the decoupling pulse component 110 may apply the pulse signal 204 at the resonant frequency of the target qubit via the target channel 214, such as Figure 2 In this example, as shown above, Figure 1 As described, the cross-resonance pulse component 108 and the decoupling pulse component 110 can apply the pulse signals 202, 204 accordingly so that they are as in Figure 2 arrive at the target qubit in phase and simultaneously as shown in Figure 2 denoted by a “+” sign in the figure), where a first pulse signal (e.g., a cross-resonance pulse) can be propagated to a target qubit via a control qubit.

[0075] In another example, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the pulse signal 206 may represent a third pulse signal, such as a state reversal pulse, which may be applied by the state reversal pulse component 112 to the control qubit of the quantum gate including the control qubit and the target qubit coupled to each other. In this example, Figure 2As shown, the state reversal pulse component 112 can apply a pulse signal 206 at the resonant frequency of the control quantum bit via the control channel 212 to generate a reverse state (e.g., 0 state, 1 state, etc.) relative to the current state of the control quantum bit (e.g., 0 state, 1 state, etc.).

[0076] In another example, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , pulse signal 208 may represent a fourth pulse signal, such as a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse, which may be applied by phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114 to a control qubit of a quantum gate including a control qubit and a target qubit coupled to each other. In this example, phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse component 114 may apply pulse signal 208 at the resonant frequency of the target qubit via control channel 212, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0077] In another example, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the pulse signal 210 may represent a fifth pulse signal, for example, a phase-reversed decoupling pulse, which may be applied by the phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116 to the target qubit of the above-described quantum gate including the control qubit and the target qubit coupled to each other. In this example, the phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116 may apply the pulse signal 210 at the resonant frequency of the target qubit via the target channel 214, such as Figure 2 In this example, as shown above, Figure 1 As described, the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse component 114 and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse component 116 can apply pulse signals 208, 210 accordingly so that they are as in Figure 2 arrive at the target qubit in phase and simultaneously as shown in Figure 2 In this example, a fourth pulse signal (e.g., a phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse) may be propagated to the target qubit via the control qubit, and pulse signals 208, 210 may include a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees (180°) relative to pulse signals 202, 204, respectively, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 This is indicated by the “+” sign of the pulse signals 202 and 204 and the “−” sign of the pulse signals 208 and 210 shown in FIG.

[0078] It will be appreciated that by simultaneously applying pulse signals 202, 204, respectively, in phase at the target qubit and at the resonant frequency of the target qubit, and simultaneously applying pulse signals 208, 210, respectively, in phase at the target qubit and at the resonant frequency of the target qubit, wherein pulse signals 208, 210 include a phase difference of substantially one hundred and eighty degrees (180°) relative to pulse signals 202, 204, target qubit decoupling system 102 may thereby facilitate at least one of: an improved error rate of a quantum gate including a target qubit and a control qubit, an improved fidelity of the quantum gate, or an improved fidelity of a quantum device including the quantum gate.

[0079] Figure 3 A diagram of an example, non-limiting pulse diagram 300 that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0080] Pulse diagram 300 may include an exemplary, non-limiting alternative embodiment of pulse diagram 200, wherein pulse diagram 300 shows a visual representation of an exemplary, non-limiting alternative pulse signal that may be generated by target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or applied to a control qubit and / or target qubit of a quantum gate (e.g., a cross-resonance gate, an echo cross-resonance gate, etc.). For example, pulse diagram 300 shows a visual representation of an exemplary, non-limiting pulse signal that replaces the above referenced Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first, second, third, fourth, and / or fifth pulse signals described (e.g., pulse signals 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, respectively). For example, pulse signals 302, 304, 306, 308, 310 depicted in pulse diagram 300 may represent different alternative pulse signals that may be generated by target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or applied to a control qubit and / or a target qubit of a quantum gate, as described below and above with reference to Figure 1 as described.

[0081] In the example, see Figure 1 , 2 , and 3, pulse signal 302 may represent an exemplary, non-limiting pulse signal as a replacement for pulse signal 202, wherein cross-resonance pulse component 108 may apply pulse signal 302 to a control qubit of a quantum gate including a control qubit and a target qubit coupled to each other. In this example, Figure 3As shown, the cross-resonance pulse component 108 can apply (e.g., via an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), radio frequency (RF) electronics, a local oscillator, etc.) a pulse signal 302 at the resonant frequency of the target qubit via the control channel 212. In this example, the pulse signal 302 may include a signal having a frequency of Figure 3 The cross-resonance pulses of the first pulse period (eg, pulse period P) are shown.

[0082] In another example, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , pulse signal 304 may represent an exemplary, non-limiting pulse signal as an alternative to pulse signal 204, wherein decoupling pulse component 110 may apply pulse signal 304 to a target qubit of a quantum gate including a control qubit and a target qubit coupled to each other. In this example, Figure 3 As shown, the decoupling pulse component 110 can apply (e.g., via an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), radio frequency (RF) electronics, local oscillator, etc.) a pulse signal 304 at the resonant frequency of the target qubit via the target channel 214. In this example, Figure 3 As shown, pulse signal 304 may include a decoupling pulse having a second pulse period, the second pulse period including a first defined fraction P / α of the first pulse period P of pulse signal 302, where P and / or P / α may be defined by an entity using target qubit decoupling system 102 (e.g., an entity such as a person, client, user, computing device, software application, agent, machine learning (ML) model, artificial intelligence (AI) model, etc.). In this example, pulse signals 302, 304 may be in phase at the target qubit (e.g., in phase when arriving at the target qubit, such as Figure 3 For example, the cross-resonance pulse component 108 and the decoupling pulse component 110 can apply pulse signals 302, 304 (e.g., a cross-resonance pulse with a pulse period P and a decoupling pulse with a pulse period P / α) accordingly, so that they arrive at the target quantum bit in phase and simultaneously, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, a pulse signal 302 (eg, a cross-resonance pulse having a pulse period P) can be propagated to a target qubit via a control qubit.

[0083] In another example, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3, pulse signal 306 may represent an exemplary, non-limiting pulse signal as an alternative to pulse signal 210, wherein phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116 may apply pulse signal 306 to a target qubit including a quantum gate of a control qubit and a target qubit coupled to each other. In this example, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116 may apply (e.g., by an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), radio frequency (RF) electronics, a local oscillator, etc.) pulse signal 306 via target channel 214 at a resonant frequency of the target qubit. In this example, as Figure 3 As shown, pulse signal 306 may include a decoupling pulse having a phase reversal of a third pulse period, the third pulse period including a second defined fraction P / β of the first pulse period P of pulse signal 302, where P and / or P / β may be defined by an entity using target qubit decoupling system 102 (e.g., an entity such as, for example, a person, a client, a user, a computing device, a software application, an agent, a machine learning (ML) model, an artificial intelligence (AI) model, etc.). In this example, pulse signal 306 may include a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees (180°) relative to pulse signals 302, 304 at the target qubit (e.g., as defined by Figure 3 304). For example, the cross-resonance pulse component 108 and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse component 116 may apply pulse signals 302, 306 (e.g., cross-resonance pulses with a pulse period P and phase-inverted decoupling pulses with a pulse period P / β, respectively) so that they arrive at the target qubit at the same time and have a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees (180°) relative to each other (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1 ). Figure 3 ). In these examples, pulse signal 302 (eg, a cross-resonant pulse having a pulse period P) may be propagated to a target qubit via a control qubit.

[0084] It will be appreciated that by simultaneously applying pulse signals 302, 304 at the target qubit, respectively, in phase and at the resonant frequency of the target qubit, and simultaneously applying pulse signals 302, 306 at the target qubit, respectively, with a phase difference of substantially one hundred and eighty degrees (180°) relative to each other and at the resonant frequency of the target qubit, target qubit decoupling system 102 may thereby facilitate at least one of a reduced operating time of a quantum gate including a target qubit and a control qubit or an improved performance of a quantum device including the quantum gate.

[0085] In some embodiments, when combined (eg, added together), the pulse period P / a of the pulse signal 304 and the pulse period P / β of the pulse signal 306 may be equal to the pulse period P of the pulse signal 302, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in (e.g., P / α+P / β=P). In some embodiments, the pulse signal 304 (e.g., the decoupling pulse) and the pulse signal 306 (e.g., the phase-inverted decoupling pulse) may include substantially different amplitudes and substantially the same pulse period. Figure 3 As shown, the amplitude of the pulse signal 304 may be substantially different from (e.g., greater than) the amplitude of the pulse signal 306, and the pulse period P / α of the pulse signal 304 may be substantially the same as the pulse period P / β of the pulse signal 306 (e.g., P / α=P / β=P / 2). In some embodiments (not shown), the pulse signal 304 (e.g., decoupling pulses) and the pulse signal 306 (e.g., phase-inverted decoupling pulses) may include substantially the same amplitude and substantially different pulse periods (e.g., P / α≠P / β).

[0086] In some embodiments, the target qubit decoupling system 102 may further include a phase adjustment component (not shown), which may apply a phase adjustment pulse including pulse signal 308 to the control qubit to control the resonant frequency of the qubit (e.g., via control channel 212), and / or apply a phase adjustment pulse including pulse signal 310 to the target qubit at the resonant frequency of the target qubit (e.g., via target channel 214), such as Figure 3 In these embodiments, the phase adjustment pulse (e.g., pulse signals 308, 310) can be a virtual pulse or a real pulse. If it is a virtual phase adjustment (e.g., not a real pulse), it can be implemented by bookkeeping as an update to the angle of all subsequent real pulses.

[0087] Figure 4 A flowchart of an example, non-limiting computer-implemented method 400 that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate is shown according to one or more embodiments described herein. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0088] At 402, computer-implemented method 400 may include receiving, by a system operably coupled to a processor (e.g., processor 106, quantum processor, etc.) at a target qubit a cross-resonance pulse (e.g., described above and in Figure 2 The pulse signal 202 shown in FIG. 200 and the decoupling pulse (eg, described above and in FIG. 201 ) are shown in FIG. Figure 2 ) wherein the cross-resonance pulse is propagated via the control qubit to the target qubit (e.g., as described above with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 described).

[0089] At 404, computer-implemented method 400 may include receiving, by a system (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, state reversal pulse component 112, etc.) a state reversal pulse (e.g., described above and in Figure 2 206).

[0090] At 406, computer-implemented method 400 may include receiving, by the system (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, phase-reversed cross-resonant pulse component 114, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, etc.), a phase-reversed cross-resonant pulse (e.g., described above and in Figure 2 The pulse signal 208 shown in FIG. 200 ) and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse (eg, described above and in FIG. 201 ). Figure 2 210) wherein the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse is propagated via the control qubit to the target qubit (e.g., as described above with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 described).

[0091] Figure 5 A flowchart of an exemplary, non-limiting computer-implemented method 500 that can assist in decoupling a target qubit in an echo cross-resonance gate according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0092] At 502, computer-implemented method 500 may include transmitting, by a system operably coupled to a processor (e.g., processor 106, quantum processor, etc.) (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, cross-resonant pulse component 108, etc.), a first pulse signal (e.g., described above and described in Figure 2 The pulse signal 202 shown in FIG. 2 is applied to a control qubit having a first resonant frequency (e.g., as described above with reference to FIG. 2 ). Figure 1 and Figure 2 described).

[0093] At 504, computer-implemented method 500 may include transmitting, by the system (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, decoupling pulse component 110, etc.), a second pulse signal (e.g., as described above and in Figure 2The first and second pulse signals are applied to a target qubit coupled to the control qubit, the target qubit having a second resonant frequency, wherein the first and second pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and at the second resonant frequency (e.g., as described above with reference to Figure 1 and 2 described).

[0094] At 506, computer-implemented method 500 may include transmitting, by the system (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, state reversal pulse component 112, etc.), a third pulse signal (e.g., described above and described in Figure 2 The pulse signal 206 shown in FIG. 2 is applied to the control qubit to produce an inverted state relative to the current state of the control qubit (e.g., as described above with reference to FIG. 2 ). Figure 1 and Figure 2 described).

[0095] At 508, computer-implemented method 500 may include transmitting, by the system (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, phase-reversed cross-resonant pulse component 114, etc.), a fourth pulse signal (e.g., described above and Figure 2 A pulse signal 208 shown in FIG. 2 is applied to the control qubit.

[0096] At 510, the computer-implemented method 500 may include transmitting, by the system (e.g., via the target qubit decoupling system 102, the phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, etc.), a fifth pulse signal (e.g., described above and described in Figure 2 The pulse signal 210 shown in FIG. 2 is applied to the target qubit, wherein the fourth and fifth pulse signals are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency (e.g., as described above with reference to FIG. 210 ). Figure 1 and 2 ), and wherein the fourth pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees (180°) relative to the corresponding first pulse signal and the second pulse signal (e.g., as described above with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 described).

[0097] Figure 6 A flowchart of an exemplary, non-limiting computer-implemented method 600 that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate is shown according to one or more embodiments described herein. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0098] At 602, computer-implemented method 600 may include, by a system operably coupled to a processor (e.g., processor 106, quantum processor, etc.) (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, cross-resonance pulse component 108, etc.), transmitting a cross-resonance pulse having a first pulse period (e.g., as described above and described in Figure 3 The pulse signal 302 shown in FIG. 1 is applied to a control qubit coupled to a target qubit (e.g., a control qubit and a target qubit of a quantum gate, such as a cross-resonance gate, an echo cross-resonance gate, etc.).

[0099] At 604, computer-implemented method 600 may include transmitting, by the system (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, decoupling pulse component 110, etc.), a decoupling pulse having a second pulse period (e.g., as described above and in Figure 3 ) is applied to the target qubit, where the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse are in phase at the target qubit and at the resonant frequency of the target qubit (e.g., as described above and at Figure 3 are in phase when arriving at the target qubit).

[0100] At 606, computer-implemented method 600 may include transmitting, by the system (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116, etc.), a phase-reversed decoupling pulse having a third pulse period (e.g., as described above and in Figure 3 ) is applied to the target qubit, the phase-reversed decoupling pulse being at the resonant frequency of the target qubit and comprising a phase difference of substantially one hundred eighty degrees (180°) relative to the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse at the target qubit (e.g., comprising a phase difference of substantially one hundred eighty degrees (180°), as determined by Figure 3 306 and the “+” signs of the pulse signals 302 and 304).

[0101] Figure 7 A flowchart of an exemplary, non-limiting computer-implemented method 700 that can assist in target qubit decoupling in an echo cross-resonance gate is shown according to one or more embodiments described herein. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in the corresponding embodiments are omitted.

[0102] At 702, computer-implemented method 700 may include (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, cross-resonance pulse component 108, etc.) transmitting a cross-resonance pulse having a first pulse period (e.g., as described above and in Figure 3The pulse signal 302 shown in is applied to a control qubit coupled to a target qubit (e.g., the control qubit and target qubit of a quantum gate, such as a cross-resonance gate, an echo cross-resonance gate, etc.).

[0103] At 704, the computer-implemented method 700 may include (e.g., via the target qubit decoupling system 102, the decoupling pulse component 110, etc.) applying a decoupling pulse having a second pulse period (e.g., the pulse signal 304 shown above and in Figure 3 to the target qubit, where the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse are in-phase at the target qubit and at the resonance frequency of the target qubit (e.g., as described above and in Figure 3 being in-phase when reaching the target qubit as shown).

[0104] At 706, the computer-implemented method 700 may include (e.g., via the target qubit decoupling system 102, the phase-inverted decoupling pulse component 116, etc.) applying a phase-inverted decoupling pulse having a third pulse period (e.g., the pulse signal 306 shown above and in Figure 3 to the target qubit at the resonance frequency of the target qubit, and including a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees (180°) at the target qubit with respect to the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse (e.g., including a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees (180°), as represented by the "-" sign of the pulse signal 306 and the "+" signs of the pulse signals 302, 304 as shown in Figure 3 .

[0105] In some embodiments, as described above with reference to Figure 3 , the cross-resonance pulse applied to the control qubit at 702 and the decoupling pulse applied to the target qubit at 704 may be applied simultaneously by the cross-resonance pulse component 108 and the decoupling pulse component 110, respectively, where the cross-resonance pulse may propagate to the target qubit via the control qubit. In these embodiments, the cross-resonance pulse applied to the control qubit at 702 and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse applied to the target qubit at 706 may be applied simultaneously by the cross-resonance pulse component 108 and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse component 116, respectively, where the cross-resonance pulse may propagate to the target qubit via the control qubit. In these embodiments, the target qubit decoupling system 102 may thereby assist in at least one of a reduced runtime of a quantum gate including the target qubit and the control qubit or an improved performance of a quantum device including the quantum gate.

[0106] At 708, computer-implemented method 700 may include determining (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, entities defined above, etc.) whether the runtime of a quantum gate including a target qubit and a control qubit has decreased. If it is determined at 708 that the runtime of the quantum gate including the target qubit and the control qubit has not decreased, then at 710, computer-implemented method 700 may include modifying (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, entities defined above, etc.) the amplitude(s) of the decoupling pulse and / or the phase-reversed decoupling pulse, and repeating steps 702, 704, and 706 using the modified amplitude(s).

[0107] If it is determined at 708 that the run time of the quantum gate including the target qubit and the control qubit is reduced, then at 712, the computer-implemented method 700 may include: transmitting a first phase modulation pulse (e.g., as described above and described in Figure 3 308 is applied (e.g., via target qubit decoupling system 102, a phase adjustment component (not shown) of target qubit decoupling system 102, entities defined above, etc.) to the control qubit, and a second phase adjustment pulse (e.g., described above and described in Figure 3 The pulse signal 310 shown in FIG. 1 is applied to the target qubit (e.g., via the target qubit decoupling system 102, the phase adjustment component (not shown) of the target qubit decoupling system 102, the entity defined above, etc.). At 714, the computer-implemented method 700 may include ending.

[0108] Target qubit decoupling system 102 may be associated with various technologies. For example, target qubit decoupling system 102 may be associated with qubit technology, quantum gate technology, cross-resonance quantum gate technology, echo cross-resonance quantum gate technology, quantum device technology, microwave signal processing technology, artificial intelligence technology, machine learning technology, quantum computing technology, computer technology, server technology, cloud computing technology, information technology (IT) technology, Internet of Things (IoT) technology, automation technology, and / or other technology.

[0109] Target qubit decoupling system 102 can provide technical improvements to systems, devices, components, operating steps, and / or processing steps associated with the various techniques identified above. For example, by applying both a cross-resonance pulse and a decoupling pulse to a target qubit simultaneously, with the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse being in phase at the target qubit, target qubit decoupling system 102 can reduce the effect of an undesirable error source (e.g., a coherent error source) applied to a two-qubit gate (e.g., a cross-resonance gate, an echo cross-resonance gate, etc.) during gate operation. By reducing the effect of such an undesirable error source applied to such a two-qubit gate, target qubit decoupling system 102 can thereby improve the computational capabilities (e.g., efficiency, performance, fidelity, computational cost, etc.) of a quantum computer including such a gate. For example, target qubit decoupling system 102 can thereby assist in at least one of the following: an improved error rate of a quantum gate including a target qubit and a control qubit, an improved fidelity of the quantum gate, or an improved fidelity of a quantum device including the quantum gate.

[0110] Target qubit decoupling system 102 can provide technical improvements for a processing unit (e.g., processor 106) associated with a classical computing device and / or a quantum computing device (e.g., a quantum processor, quantum hardware, a superconducting circuit, etc.). For example, by reducing the effects of undesirable error sources (e.g., coherent error sources) on a two-qubit gate, target qubit decoupling system 102 can thereby improve at least one of the accuracy, efficiency, performance, or fidelity of a processing unit (e.g., processor 106, quantum processor, etc.) that includes the gate. This improvement to the processing unit can further reduce the computational cost of the processing unit.

[0111] A practical application of target qubit decoupling system 102 is that it can be implemented in a quantum computing device (e.g., a quantum processor, a quantum computer, etc.) to improve the processing performance of the device, which can assist in fast and / or potentially universal quantum computing. The practical application can improve the output (e.g., computational and / or processing results) of one or more compiled jobs (e.g., quantum computing jobs) executed on the device.

[0112] It can be appreciated that the target qubit decoupling system 102 provides a new method for reducing the error rate of quantum gates in quantum devices, which is driven by relatively new quantum computing technologies. For example, the target qubit decoupling system 102 provides a new method for reducing the error rate of two-qubit quantum gates (e.g., cross-resonance gates, echo cross-resonance gates, etc.), which can be implemented in quantum devices (e.g., quantum processors, quantum computers, quantum circuits, quantum hardware, etc.) to improve the fidelity and / or performance of such quantum devices.

[0113] Target qubit decoupling system 102 may employ hardware or software to solve problems that are highly technical in nature, not abstract, and cannot be performed by a person as a set of mental acts. Some of the processes described herein may be performed by one or more special-purpose computers (e.g., one or more special-purpose processing units, special-purpose quantum computers, etc.) for performing defined tasks associated with the various technologies identified above. Target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or its components may be used to solve new problems created by advances in the above-described technologies, quantum computing systems, cloud computing systems, computer architectures, and / or the adoption of another technology.

[0114] It will be appreciated that target qubit decoupling system 102 may utilize various combinations of electronic components, mechanical components, and circuits that cannot be replicated in a human brain or performed by a human because the various operations that may be performed by target qubit decoupling system 102 and / or its components as described herein are operations that are greater than the capabilities of the human brain. For example, the amount of data processed by target qubit decoupling system 102 over a certain period of time, the speed at which such data is processed, or the type of data processed may be greater, faster, or different than the amount, speed, or type of data processed by a human brain over the same period of time.

[0115] According to several embodiments, target qubit decoupling system 102 may be fully operable to perform one or more other functions (e.g., fully powered on, fully executed, etc.) while performing the various operations described herein. It will be appreciated that such simultaneous multi-operation execution is beyond the capabilities of the human brain. It will also be appreciated that target qubit decoupling system 102 may include information that is not possible to obtain manually by an entity (e.g., a human user). For example, the type, amount, or kind of information included in target qubit decoupling system 102, cross-resonant pulse component 108, decoupling pulse component 110, state-reversal pulse component 112, phase-reversed cross-resonant pulse component 114, and / or phase-reversed decoupling pulse component 116 may be more complex than information obtained manually by a human user.

[0116] For the simplicity of explanation, the computer-implemented method is depicted and described as a series of actions.It can be understood and recognized that the subject innovation is not limited by the order of the actions shown and / or the actions, such as actions can occur in different orders and / or occur simultaneously, and occur together with other actions not presented and described herein.In addition, it is possible to perform not all the actions shown to realize the computer-implemented method according to the disclosed subject.In addition, it will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art that the computer-implemented method can be represented as a series of interrelated states via state diagrams or events alternatively.In addition, it can also be understood that the computer-implemented method disclosed below and in full in this specification can be stored on a product to assist in transmitting and transferring the computer-implemented method to a computer.As used herein, the term product is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or storage medium.

[0117] To provide context for various aspects of the disclosed subject matter, Figure 8 The following discussion is intended to provide a general description of a suitable environment in which aspects of the disclosed subject matter may be implemented. Figure 8 A block diagram of an example non-limiting operating environment that can assist in one or more embodiments described herein is shown. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements employed in other embodiments described herein are omitted.

[0118] refer to Figure 8 , a suitable operating environment 800 for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure may also include a computer 812. The computer 812 may also include a processing unit 814, a system memory 816, and a system bus 818. The system bus 818 couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 816 to the processing unit 814. The processing unit 814 may be any of a variety of available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor architectures may also be used as the processing unit 814. The system bus 818 may be any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus or external bus, and / or a local bus using any of a variety of available bus architectures, including (but not limited to) Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics (IDE), VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Card Bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), FireWire (IEEE1394), and Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).

[0119] The system memory 816 may also include volatile memory 820 and nonvolatile memory 822. A basic input / output system (BIOS) containing the basic routines for transferring information between elements within the computer 812, such as during startup, is stored in the nonvolatile memory 822. The computer 812 may also include removable / non-removable, volatile / nonvolatile computer storage media. For example, Figure 8 Disk storage 824 is shown. Disk storage 824 may also include, but is not limited to, devices such as a magnetic disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a tape drive, a Jaz drive, a Zip drive, an LS-100 drive, a flash memory card, or a memory stick. Disk storage 824 may also include storage media, either alone or in combination with other storage media. To facilitate connection of disk storage 824 to system bus 818, a removable or non-removable interface, such as interface 826, is typically used. Figure 8 Also depicted is software that acts as an intermediary between a user and the basic computer resources depicted in a suitable operating environment 800. The software may also include, for example, an operating system 828. The operating system 828, which may be stored on disk storage 824, is used to control and allocate the resources of the computer 812.

[0120] System applications 830 utilize the management of resources by operating system 828 through program modules 832 and program data 834 stored, for example, in system memory 816 or on disk storage device 824. It will be appreciated that the present disclosure may be implemented with various operating systems or combinations of operating systems. A user inputs commands or information into computer 812 through (multiple) input devices 836. Input devices 836 include, but are not limited to, pointing devices such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera, digital video camera, web camera, etc. These and other input devices are connected to processing unit 814 through system bus 818 via (multiple) interface ports 838. (Multiple) interface ports 838 include, for example, serial ports, parallel ports, game ports, and universal serial bus (USB). (Multiple) output devices 840 use some of the same types of ports as (multiple) input devices 836. Thus, for example, a USB port may be used to provide input to computer 812 and output information from computer 812 to output device 840. Output adapters 842 are provided to illustrate that there are some output devices 840, such as monitors, speakers, and printers, in addition to other output devices 840 that require special adapters. By way of illustration and not limitation, output adapters 842 include video and sound cards that provide a means of connection between output devices 840 and system bus 818. It may be noted that other devices and / or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities, such as remote computers 844.

[0121] The computer 812 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s) 844. The remote computer(s) 844 can be a computer, server, router, network PC, workstation, microprocessor-based appliance, peer device or other public network node, etc., and can also generally include many or all of the elements described with respect to the computer 812. For the purpose of brevity, the memory storage device 846 is only illustrated with respect to the remote computer(s) 844. The remote computer(s) 844 are logically connected to the computer 812 through a network interface 848 and then physically connected via a communication connection 850. The network interface 848 includes a wired and / or wireless communication network, such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a cellular network, etc. LAN technologies include fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), copper distributed data interface (CDDI), Ethernet, token ring, etc. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit switching networks such as integrated services digital networks (ISDN) and their variations, packet switching networks, and digital subscriber lines (DSL). The communication connection 850 refers to the hardware / software used to connect the network interface 848 to the system bus 818. Although the communication connection 850 is shown internal to the computer 812 for clarity of illustration, the communication connection 850 can also be external to the computer 812. For exemplary purposes only, the hardware / software used to connect to the network interface 848 can also include internal and external technologies, such as modems, including conventional telephone grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.

[0122] See now Fig. 9 , an illustrative cloud computing environment 950 is described. As shown, the cloud computing environment 950 includes one or more cloud computing nodes 910 with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers can communicate, such as, for example, personal digital assistants (PDAs) or cellular phones 954A, desktop computers 954B, laptop computers 954C, and / or automotive computer systems 954N. The nodes 910 can communicate with each other. The nodes 910 can be physically or virtually grouped (not shown) in one or more networks, such as a private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, or hybrid cloud, or a combination thereof, as described above. This allows the cloud computing environment 950 to provide infrastructure, platform, and / or software as a service for which cloud consumers do not need to maintain resources on local computing devices. It will be appreciated that Fig. 9 The types of computing devices 954A-N shown in are intended to be illustrative only, and computing node 910 and cloud computing environment 950 may communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and / or network-addressable connection (eg, using a web browser).

[0123] See now Fig.10 , showing the cloud computing environment 950 ( Fig. 9 ) provides a set of functional abstraction layers. It should be understood in advance that Fig.10 The components, layers, and functions shown in are intended to be illustrative only, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. As described, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided:

[0124] The hardware and software layer 1060 includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes 1061; servers based on RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture 1062; servers 1063; blade servers 1064; storage devices 1065; and network and networking components 1066. In some embodiments, software components include network application server software 1067 and database software 1068.

[0125] Virtualization layer 1070 provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities can be provided: virtual servers 1071 ; virtual storage 1072 ; virtual networks 1073 , including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems 1074 ; and virtual clients 1075 .

[0126] In one example, the management layer 1080 may provide the functionality described below. Resource provisioning 1081 provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources for performing tasks within a cloud computing environment. Metering and pricing 1082 provides cost tracking when resources are utilized within a cloud computing environment, and bills or invoices for the consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may include application software licenses. Security provides authentication for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal 1083 provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management 1084 provides cloud computing resource allocation and management so that the required service levels are met. Service level agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment 1085 provides pre-scheduling and procurement of cloud computing resources, anticipating future requirements for cloud computing resources based on the SLA.

[0127] Workload layer 1090 provides examples of functionality that can take advantage of a cloud computing environment. Non-limiting examples of workloads and functionality that can be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation 1091; software development and lifecycle management 1092; virtual classroom education delivery 1093; data analytics processing 1094; transaction processing 1095; and target qubit decoupling software 1096.

[0128] The present invention can be a system, method, device and / or computer program product with any possible degree of technical detail integration. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium (or multiple media) having computer-readable program instructions for making a processor perform various aspects of the present invention. The computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer-readable storage medium may be (but not limited to), such as an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the above. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of computer-readable storage media may also include the following: a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical encoding device such as a punch card or a protruding structure in a groove with instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the above. Computer-readable storage media as used herein should not be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals sent through wires.

[0129] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to the corresponding computing / processing equipment or to an external computer or external storage device from a computer-readable storage medium via a network (e.g., the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network). The network can include copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. The network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network, and forwards the computer-readable program instructions to be stored in the computer-readable storage medium in the corresponding computing / processing device. The computer-readable program instructions for performing the operation of the present invention can be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-related instructions, microcodes, firmware instructions, state setting data, configuration data of an integrated circuit, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, and programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​(such as Smalltalk, C++, etc.) and process programming languages ​​(such as "C" programming languages ​​or similar programming languages). Computer readable program instructions can be executed completely on a user's computer, partially on a user's computer, as an independent software package, partially on a user's computer, partially on a remote computer, or completely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network (including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)), or can be connected to an external computer (for example, using an Internet service provider through the Internet). In certain embodiments, electronic circuits including, for example, programmable logic circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs) can perform computer readable program instructions by utilizing the state information of computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuits so as to perform aspects of the present invention.

[0130] The various aspects of the present invention will be described below with reference to the flowchart and / or block diagram of the method, device (system) and computer program product according to an embodiment of the present invention.It is understandable that each frame of the flowchart and / or block diagram and the combination of each frame in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be realized by computer-readable program instructions.These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device create a device for realizing the function / action specified in or in a plurality of frames of the flowchart and / or block diagram.These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and these instructions make a computer, a programmable data processing device, and / or other equipment work in a particular manner, so that the computer-readable storage medium wherein the instruction is stored includes the product of the instruction of the aspect of the function / action specified in or in a plurality of frames in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Computer-readable program instructions may be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device, so that a series of operational actions are performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0131] The flow charts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the operation, function and architecture of the possible implementation of the system, method and computer program product according to different embodiments of the present invention. To this end, each frame in the flow chart or block diagram may represent a module, segment or part of an instruction, which includes one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the function annotated in the frame may not occur in the order annotated in the figure. For example, depending on the function involved, the two blocks shown in succession can actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or these blocks can sometimes be executed in reverse order. It should also be noted that each frame in the block diagram and / or flow chart, and the combination of frames in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action or performs a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0132] Although the present subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer executable instructions of a computer program product running on a computer and / or multiple computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present disclosure may also be implemented or combined with other program modules. Typically, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks and / or implement specific abstract data types. In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that the computer-implemented method of the present invention can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multi-processor computer systems, small computing devices, large computers, and computers, handheld computing devices (e.g., PDAs, phones), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronic products, etc. The illustrated aspects may also be implemented in a distributed computing environment, in which tasks are performed by remote processing devices linked by a communication network. However, some (if not all) aspects of the present invention may be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices. For example, in one or more embodiments, a computer executable component may be executed from a memory, which may include or consist of one or more distributed memory units. As used herein, the terms "memory" and "memory unit" are interchangeable. Further, one or more embodiments described herein can execute code of computer executable components in a distributed manner, for example, multiple processors combine or work in collaboration to execute code from one or more distributed memory units. As used herein, the term "memory" can include a single memory or memory unit at one location or multiple memories or memory units at one or more locations.

[0133] As used in this application, the terms "component", "system", "platform", "interface", etc. may refer to and / or may include computer-related entities or entities related to an operating machine having one or more specific functions. The entities disclosed herein may be hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to, a process, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer running on a processor. As an illustration, both an application running on a server and a server may be a component. One or more components may reside in a process and / or a thread of execution, and a component may be located on a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In another example, the corresponding component may be executed from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The component may communicate via local and / or remote processes, such as according to a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from a component interacting with another component in a local system, a distributed system, and / or data from a component interacting with other systems via a signal across a network such as the Internet). As another example, a component may be a device having a specific function provided by a mechanical component operated by an electrical or electronic circuit, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor. In such a case, the processor may be internal or external to the device and may execute at least a portion of a software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component may be a device that provides a particular functionality through electronic components without mechanical components, where the electronic components may include a processor or other device for executing software or firmware that at least partially imparts the functionality to the electronic components. In one aspect, the component may emulate the electronic component via, for example, a virtual machine within a cloud computing system.

[0134] In addition, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless otherwise specified or clear from the context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean any natural inclusive arrangement. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied in any of the foregoing cases. In addition, the articles "a" and "an" as used in the subject specification and drawings should generally be interpreted as meaning "one or more" unless otherwise specified or clearly pointed to the singular form from the context. As used herein, the terms "example" and / or "exemplary" are used to indicate use as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited to such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as "example" and / or "exemplary" is not necessarily to be interpreted as superior or superior to other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to exclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to ordinary technicians in the art.

[0135] As used in this specification, the term "processor" may refer to substantially any computational processing unit or device, including but not limited to a single-core processor; a single processor with software multithreaded execution capability; a multi-core processor; a multi-core processor with software multithreaded execution capability; a multi-core processor with hardware multithreading technology; a parallel platform; and a parallel platform with distributed shared memory. In addition, a processor may refer to an integrated circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Further, the processor may utilize nanoscale architectures, such as, but not limited to, transistors, switches, and gates based on molecules and quantum dots, in order to optimize space usage or enhance the performance of user devices. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computational processing units. In the present disclosure, terms such as "storage", "storage device", "data storage", "data storage device", "database", and substantially any other information storage component related to the operation and function of the component are used to refer to a "memory component", an entity embodied in a "memory", or a component including a memory. It should be understood that the memory and / or memory components described herein may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory. As an example and not limitation, non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, or non-volatile random access memory (RAM) (e.g., ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM)). Volatile memory may include, for example, RAM that can act as an external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM can be obtained in many forms, such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM), direct Rambus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM) and Rambus dynamic RAM (RDRAM). In addition, the memory components of the system or computer-implemented method disclosed herein are intended to include (but not limited to) these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0136] What has been described above includes only examples of systems and computer-implemented methods. Of course, for purposes of describing the present disclosure, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or computer-implemented methods, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present disclosure are possible. In addition, to the extent that the terms "including," "having," "having," and the like are used in the detailed description, claims, appendices, and drawings, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising," as interpreted when "including" is used as a transitional word in a claim.

[0137] The description of different embodiments has been presented for the purpose of illustration, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for entangling quantum bits, include: receiving, by a system operably coupled to a processor, a cross-resonance pulse and a decoupling pulse at a target qubit having a first resonant frequency, wherein the cross-resonance pulse propagates to the target qubit via a control qubit having a second resonant frequency, wherein the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency, and wherein the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse are in phase at the target qubit and at the first resonant frequency; receiving, by the system, a state reversal pulse at the control qubit; and A phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse and a phase-reversed decoupling pulse are received by the system at the target qubit, wherein the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse is propagated to the target qubit via the control qubit.

2. The method according to claim 1, in, The cross-resonance pulse and the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse include: Substantially the same amplitude and pulse period; and Basically the same 180 degree phase difference.

3. The method according to claim 1, in, The decoupling pulse and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse include: Substantially the same amplitude and pulse period or substantially different amplitude and pulse period; and Basically the same 180 degree phase difference.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, The cross-resonance pulse, the decoupling pulse, the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse, and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse are at a resonant frequency of the target qubit.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, The cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse are received simultaneously at the target qubit, and wherein the phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse are received simultaneously at the target qubit.

6. A system for entangling quantum bits, include: a processor that executes computer-executable components stored in the memory; a control qubit having a second resonant frequency and operably coupled to the processor and receiving a cross-resonance pulse, a state-reversed pulse, and a phase-reversed cross-resonance pulse; as well as a target qubit having a first resonant frequency and coupled to the control qubit, wherein the target qubit receives the cross-resonance pulse, the decoupling pulse, the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse, and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse, wherein the cross-resonance pulse and the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse are propagated to the target qubit via the control qubit; Wherein the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency, and wherein the cross-resonant pulse and the decoupling pulse are in phase at the target qubit and at the first resonant frequency.

7. The system according to claim 6, in, The cross-resonance pulse and the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse include: Substantially the same amplitude and pulse period; and Basically the same 180 degree phase difference.

8. The system according to claim 6, in, The decoupling pulse and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse include: Substantially the same amplitude and pulse period or substantially different amplitude and pulse period; and Basically the same 180 degree phase difference.

9. The system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, in, The cross-resonance pulse, the decoupling pulse, the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse, and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse are at a resonant frequency of the target qubit.

10. The system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, in, The cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse are simultaneously received at the target quantum bit; and the phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse are simultaneously received at the target quantum bit.

11. A method for entangling quantum bits, include: applying, by a system operatively coupled to the processor, a first pulse signal to a control qubit having a first resonant frequency; Applying a second pulse signal to a target qubit coupled to the control qubit by the system, the target qubit having a second resonant frequency, wherein the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency, and the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency; Applying a third pulse signal to the control qubit at the first resonant frequency through the system to generate an inverted state relative to a current state of the control qubit; applying a fourth pulse signal to the control qubit by the system; and applying a fifth pulse signal to the target quantum bit through the system, wherein the fourth pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal are in phase at the target quantum bit and are at the second resonant frequency, Wherein, the fourth pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees relative to the corresponding first pulse signal and the second pulse signal.

12. The method according to claim 11, in, The fourth pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal are substantially the same as the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal.

13. The method according to claim 11, in, The second pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include substantially the same amplitude and pulse period.

14. The method according to claim 11, in, The second pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include substantially different amplitudes and pulse periods.

15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, further comprising: include: applying the first pulse signal to the control qubit and the second pulse signal to the target qubit simultaneously by the system, wherein the first pulse signal propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit; and The fourth pulse signal is simultaneously applied to the control qubit and the fifth pulse signal is simultaneously applied to the target qubit by the system, wherein the fourth pulse signal propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit.

16. A system for entangling quantum bits, include: a memory storing computer executable components; as well as a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory, wherein the computer executable components include: a cross-resonance pulse component that applies a first pulse signal to a control qubit having a first resonant frequency; a decoupling pulse component that applies a second pulse signal to a target qubit coupled to the control qubit, the target qubit having a second resonant frequency, wherein the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency, and the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal are in phase at the target qubit and are at the second resonant frequency; a state reversal pulse component, which applies a third pulse signal to the control qubit at the first resonant frequency, so as to generate a reverse state relative to a current state of the control qubit; a phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse component that applies a fourth pulse signal to the control qubit; and a phase-inverted decoupling pulse component that applies a fifth pulse signal to the target quantum bit, wherein the fourth pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal are in phase at the target quantum bit and are at the second resonant frequency, Wherein, the fourth pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees relative to the corresponding first pulse signal and the second pulse signal.

17. The system according to claim 16, in, The fourth pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal are substantially the same as the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal.

18. The system according to claim 16, in, The second pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include substantially the same amplitude and pulse period.

19. The system according to claim 16, in, The second pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal include substantially different amplitudes and pulse periods.

20. The system according to any one of claims 16 to 19, in: The cross-resonance pulse component and the decoupling pulse component apply the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal simultaneously, respectively, wherein the first pulse signal propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit; and The phase-inverted cross-resonance pulse component and the phase-inverted decoupling pulse component apply the fourth pulse signal and the fifth pulse signal simultaneously, respectively, wherein the fourth pulse signal propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit.

21. A method for entangling quantum bits, include: applying, by a system operatively coupled to a processor, a cross-resonance pulse having a first pulse period to a control qubit having a second resonant frequency coupled to a target qubit having a first resonant frequency, wherein the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency; applying a decoupling pulse having a second pulse period to the target qubit by the system, wherein the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse are in phase at the target qubit and at the first resonant frequency of the target qubit; as well as A phase-reversed decoupling pulse having a third pulse period is applied by the system to the target qubit at the first resonant frequency of the target qubit, and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse includes a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees relative to the cross-resonance pulse and the decoupling pulse at the target qubit.

22. The method according to claim 21, in: The second pulse period includes a first defined portion of the first pulse period; The third pulse period includes a second defined portion of the first pulse period; as well as The second pulse period and the third pulse period together are equal to the first pulse period.

23. The method according to claim 21, in: The decoupling pulse and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse comprise substantially different amplitudes and substantially the same pulse period; or The decoupling pulse and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse include substantially the same amplitude and substantially different pulse periods.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, further comprising: include: applying, by the system, a first phase adjustment pulse to the control qubit at a resonant frequency of the control qubit; as well as A second phase adjustment pulse is applied by the system to the target qubit at the resonant frequency of the target qubit.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, further comprising: include: applying, by the system, the cross-resonance pulse to the control qubit and the decoupling pulse to the target qubit simultaneously, wherein the cross-resonance pulse propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit; and The cross-resonance pulse is simultaneously applied to the control qubit and the phase-reversed decoupling pulse is simultaneously applied to the target qubit by the system, wherein the cross-resonance pulse propagates to the target qubit via the control qubit.

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