A tunnel anti-disconnection and dislocation structure

Abstract

The tunnel anti-fracture structure provided by the present invention includes: a tunnel main body, a first lining, a first buffer layer, and a plurality of telescopic rods. Among them, the first lining is arranged on the outer side of the tunnel main body to serve as an emergency support measure implemented during the construction of the tunnel main body, preventing the surrounding rock from loosening and protecting the construction safety. A first buffer layer is arranged between the first lining and the tunnel main body, and part of the impact energy generated by the dislocation is absorbed through the first buffer layer to reduce part of the dislocation displacement amount, thereby reducing the deformation amount of the tunnel main body and improving the protection of the tunnel main body. One end of each telescopic rod is connected to the first buffer layer, and the other end is connected to the tunnel main body. When ground dislocation occurs due to earthquake action or fault activity, the telescopic rod will adjust the length of the telescopic rod along the dislocation direction, so as to offset the influence of the dislocation on the tunnel main body by changing the length of the telescopic rod, further reducing the deformation amount of the tunnel main body and improving the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of tunnel anti - fault displacement, and more specifically, to a tunnel anti - fault displacement structure. Background Art

[0002] When the tunnel is in a soft and fractured zone, especially in an active fault area, when seismic action or fault movement causes stratum displacement, the tunnel structure will be subjected to a large shear force, resulting in tunnel deformation, damage to the tunnel structure, requiring a large amount of manpower and material resources for maintenance, and prone to safety accidents.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a tunnel anti - fault displacement structure to at least partially solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] A series of simplified concepts are introduced in the Summary of the Invention section, which will be further detailed in the Detailed Description section. The Summary of the Invention section of the present invention does not mean to attempt to define the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor does it mean to attempt to determine the protection scope of the claimed technical solution.

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art.

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a tunnel anti - fault displacement structure.

[0007] In view of this, according to an embodiment of the present application, a tunnel anti - fault displacement structure is proposed, including:

[0008] A tunnel main body;

[0009] A first lining disposed outside the tunnel main body;

[0010] A first buffer layer disposed between the first lining and the tunnel main body;

[0011] A plurality of telescopic rods, one end of each telescopic rod is connected to the first buffer layer, and the other end is connected to the tunnel main body.

[0012] In a feasible embodiment, the telescopic rod includes:

[0013] A first connection part connected to the first buffer layer;

[0014] A second connection part connected to the tunnel main body;

[0015] A first rod body connected to the first connection part, and a first sliding groove is provided inside the first rod body;

[0016] The second rod body, which is connected to the second connecting part;

[0017] A slider, the second rod body is rotatably connected to the slider, the slider is located in the first chute, and the slider is slidably connected to the first chute.

[0018] In a feasible implementation manner, a second chute is provided on the end face of the first connecting part, the end face of the first rod body is a first spherical surface, and the spherical surface is slidably connected to the second chute;

[0019] A third chute is provided on the end face of the second connecting part, the end face of the second rod body is a second spherical surface, and the spherical surface is slidably connected to the third chute.

[0020] In a feasible implementation manner, the telescopic rod further includes:

[0021] A displacement sensor, which is connected to one end of the first connecting part close to the first buffer layer, and the displacement sensor is used to detect the displacement amount of the active fracture zone.

[0022] In a feasible implementation manner, the telescopic rod further includes:

[0023] An alarm, which is connected to the displacement sensor. When the displacement amount of the active fracture zone detected by the displacement sensor exceeds a preset value, the alarm emits an alarm.

[0024] In a feasible implementation manner, the tunnel anti-displacement and anti-fracture structure further includes:

[0025] A second lining, which is arranged inside the tunnel main body;

[0026] A second buffer layer, which is arranged between the second lining and the tunnel main body.

[0027] In a feasible implementation manner, the tunnel anti-displacement and anti-fracture structure further includes:

[0028] A waterproof layer, which is connected to one end of the second lining away from the tunnel main body.

[0029] In a feasible implementation manner, a stable circle is formed between the surrounding rock and the first lining, and a stable slurry is injected into the stable circle.

[0030] In a feasible implementation manner, the stable slurry is composed of cement mortar and sodium silicate slurry, and the volume ratio of the cement mortar to the sodium silicate slurry is 1:0.35 to 1:1.

[0031] Wherein, the water-cement ratio of the cement mortar is: 0.5:1 to 1:1, and the concentration of the sodium silicate slurry is 30-40Be.

[0032] In a feasible implementation manner, the tunnel anti-misalignment structure further includes:

[0033] A cable bolt, which is arranged in the stable circle. One end of the cable bolt is connected to the surrounding rock, and the other end is connected to the first lining.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The tunnel anti-misalignment structure provided by the embodiments of the present application includes: a tunnel main body, a first lining, a first buffer layer, and a plurality of telescopic rods. Among them, the first lining is arranged on the outer side of the tunnel main body to serve as an emergency support measure during the construction of the tunnel main body, prevent the surrounding rock from loosening, and protect the construction safety. A first buffer layer is arranged between the first lining and the tunnel main body, and part of the impact energy generated by the misalignment is absorbed through the first buffer layer to reduce part of the misalignment displacement, thereby reducing the deformation amount of the tunnel main body, improving the protection of the tunnel main body. One end of each telescopic rod is connected to the first buffer layer, and the other end is connected to the tunnel main body. When an earthquake or fault activity causes the formation to misalign, the telescopic rod will adjust the length of the telescopic rod along the misalignment direction, thereby offsetting the influence of the misalignment on the tunnel main body by changing the length of the telescopic rod, further reducing the deformation amount of the tunnel main body, and improving the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body.

[0035] For the tunnel anti-misalignment structure of the present invention, other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description, and will also be understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only for the purpose of showing the preferred embodiments and are not considered to be a limitation of this specification. Moreover, throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel anti-misalignment structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a telescopic rod of an embodiment provided by the present application.

[0039] Among them, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The corresponding relationship between the reference numerals and the component names in the drawings is:

[0040] 100 Tunnel main body, 110 First lining, 120 First buffer layer, 130 Telescopic rod, 131 First connecting part, 132 Second connecting part, 133 First rod body, 134 Second rod body, 135 First chute, 136 Slide block, 137 Second chute, 138 Third chute, 139 First spherical surface, 140 Second spherical surface, 141 Displacement sensor, 150 Second lining, 160 Second buffer layer, 170 Stabilizing ring, 180 Anchor cable, 190 Surrounding rock. Specific implementation mode

[0041] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific features in the embodiments of the present application and the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, rather than limitations on the technical solution of the present application. Without conflict, the technical features in the embodiments of the present application and the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, a tunnel anti-misalignment structure is proposed according to an embodiment of the present application, including: a tunnel main body 100; a first lining 110 disposed outside the tunnel main body 100; a first buffer layer 120 disposed between the first lining 110 and the tunnel main body 100; and a plurality of telescopic rods 130, one end of each telescopic rod 130 is connected to the first buffer layer 120, and the other end is connected to the tunnel main body 100.

[0043] The tunnel anti-misalignment structure provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a tunnel main body 100, a first lining 110, a first buffer layer 120, and a plurality of telescopic rods 130. Among them, the first lining 110 is disposed outside the tunnel main body 100 to serve as an emergency support measure implemented during the construction of the tunnel main body 100 to prevent the surrounding rock 190 from loosening and protect the construction safety. A first buffer layer 120 is disposed between the first lining 110 and the tunnel main body 100, and part of the impact energy generated by the misalignment is absorbed through the first buffer layer 120 to reduce part of the misalignment displacement amount, thereby reducing the deformation amount of the tunnel main body 100 and improving the protection of the tunnel main body 100. One end of each telescopic rod 130 is connected to the first buffer layer 120, and the other end is connected to the tunnel main body 100. When an earthquake or fault activity causes the formation to misalign, the telescopic rod 130 will adjust the length of the telescopic rod 130 along the misalignment direction, so as to offset the influence of the misalignment on the tunnel main body 100 by changing the length of the telescopic rod 130, further reducing the deformation amount of the tunnel main body 100 and improving the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body 100.

[0044] It can be understood that the first buffer layer 120 is filled with a buffer material, and the buffer material can be made of flexible materials such as foamed concrete and rubber. When an earthquake or fault activity causes the formation to move, the buffer material deforms under the impact force to absorb the impact energy generated by the movement, thereby reducing part of the displacement of the movement.

[0045] It can be understood that when an earthquake or fault activity causes the formation to move and the vertical movement force acts on the tunnel body, forcing the tunnel body to stretch, the telescopic rod 130 elongates to offset the displacement of the tunnel body in the vertical direction, thereby reducing the deformation of the tunnel body; when the vertical movement force acts on the tunnel body, forcing the tunnel body to compress, the telescopic rod 130 shortens to offset the displacement of the tunnel body in the vertical direction, thereby reducing the deformation of the tunnel body and improving the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body 100.

[0046] In some examples, as Figure 2 shown, the above-mentioned telescopic rod 130 includes: a first connection part 131 connected to the first buffer layer 120; a second connection part 132 connected to the tunnel main body 100; a first rod body 133 connected to the first connection part 131, and a first chute 135 is provided inside the first rod body 133; a second rod body 134, the second rod body 134 is connected to the second connection part 132; a slider 136, the second rod body 134 is rotatably connected to the slider 136, the slider 136 is located in the first chute 135, and the slider 136 is slidably connected to the first chute 135.

[0047] It can be understood that the telescopic rod 130 is provided with a first connection part 131, a second connection part 132, a first rod body 133, a second rod body 134 and a slider 136. Among them, the telescopic rod 130 is connected to the first buffer layer 120 through the first connection part 131, and is connected to the tunnel main body 100 through the second connection part 132. The first rod body 133 is connected to the first connection part 131, and a first chute 135 is provided inside the first rod body 133. The opening direction of the first chute 135 faces the tunnel main body 100. The slider 136 is connected to the end of the second rod body 134 away from the tunnel main body 100, and the slider 136 is located in the first chute 135. The overall length of the telescopic rod 130 is changed by the sliding of the slider 136 in the first chute 135.

[0048] It can be understood that when the shear force in the vertical direction acts on the tunnel body and forces the tunnel body to stretch, the slider 136 is subjected to a tensile force and moves in the first chute 135 in the direction close to the tunnel main body 100, so that the telescopic rod 130 as a whole elongates to offset the displacement of the tunnel body in the vertical direction; when the shear force in the vertical direction acts on the tunnel body and forces the tunnel body to compress, the slider 136 is subjected to a pressure and moves in the first chute 135 in the direction close to the first buffer layer 120, so that the telescopic rod 130 as a whole compresses to offset the displacement of the tunnel body in the vertical direction.

[0049] It can be understood that the second rod body 134 can rotate relative to the slider 136. With such a setting, when the tunnel main body 100 is subjected to shear forces in the vertical and horizontal directions, part of the shear force in the horizontal direction can cause the second rod body 134 to rotate to offset part of the displacement of the tunnel body in the horizontal direction, thereby reducing the deformation of the tunnel body in the horizontal direction and further improving the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body 100.

[0050] In some examples, as Figure 2 shown, a second chute 137 is provided on the end face of the first connecting portion 131, the end face of the first rod body 133 is a first spherical surface 139, and the spherical surface is slidably connected to the second chute 137; a third chute 138 is provided on the end face of the second connecting portion 132, the end face of the second rod body 134 is a second spherical surface 140, and the spherical surface is slidably connected to the third chute 138.

[0051] It can be understood that a second chute 137 can be provided at the end face of the first connecting portion 131. At the same time, a first spherical surface 139 is formed at the end face of the first rod body 133, and the first spherical surface 139 can be slidably connected to the second chute 137. A second spherical surface 140 is formed at the end face of the second rod body 134, and the second spherical surface 140 can be slidably connected to the third chute 138. With such a setting, when the tunnel main body 100 is subjected to a shear force in the horizontal direction, under the action of the shear force, the first spherical surface 139 slides in the second chute 137, and the second spherical surface 140 slides in the third chute 138 to change the position of the telescopic rod 130 in the horizontal direction, thereby offsetting part of the displacement of the tunnel body in the horizontal direction, and further reducing the deformation of the tunnel body in the horizontal direction and further improving the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body 100.

[0052] It can be understood that the end face of the second sliding groove 137 for abutting against the first spherical surface 139 is arc-shaped, so that the first spherical surface 139 can rotate 360° within the second sliding groove 137; the end face of the third sliding groove 138 for abutting against the second spherical surface 140 is arc-shaped, so that the second spherical surface 140 can rotate 360° within the third sliding groove 138 to cope with different degrees of misalignment force in the horizontal direction and improve applicability.

[0053] Exemplarily, the arc-shaped surfaces of the second sliding groove 137 and the third sliding groove 138 can be surface-treated with polytetrafluoroethylene to improve the heat resistance, cold resistance, and corrosion resistance of the arc-shaped surfaces, and reduce the friction coefficient of the arc-shaped surfaces, facilitating the sliding of the first spherical surface 139 in the second sliding groove 137 and the sliding of the second spherical surface 140 in the third sliding groove 138, reducing wear, and extending the service life.

[0054] In some examples, as Figure 2 shown, the above-mentioned telescopic rod 130 further includes: a displacement sensor 141, connected to one end of the above-mentioned first connecting portion 131 close to the above-mentioned first buffer layer 120, and the displacement sensor 141 is used to detect the misalignment amount of the active fracture zone.

[0055] It can be understood that the telescopic rod 130 is also provided with a displacement sensor 141. Specifically, the displacement sensor 141 is connected to one end of the first connecting portion 131 close to the first buffer layer 120. The misalignment amount of the active fracture zone can be detected through the displacement sensor 141 for real-time detection of the misalignment amount.

[0056] The telescopic range of the telescopic rod 130 and the size of the telescopic rod 130 can be set according to the misalignment amount data of the active fracture zone detected by the displacement sensor 141 for a long time, so as to ensure that the maximum telescopic range of the telescopic rod 130 is greater than or equal to the telescopic range in the case where the telescopic rod 130 is subjected to the maximum misalignment force in the vertical direction, and to ensure that the maximum rotation range of the telescopic rod 130 is greater than or equal to the rotation range in the case where the telescopic rod 130 is subjected to the maximum misalignment force in the horizontal direction, thereby improving the reliability of the telescopic rod 130 and ensuring the anti-misalignment breakage effect of the telescopic rod 130.

[0057] In some examples, the above-mentioned telescopic rod 130 further includes: an alarm, connected to the above-mentioned displacement sensor 141, and when the misalignment amount of the active fracture zone detected by the above-mentioned displacement sensor 141 exceeds a preset value, the above-mentioned alarm emits an alarm.

[0058] It can be understood that the telescopic rod 130 is also provided with an alarm. Specifically, the alarm is connected to the displacement sensor 141. When the displacement sensor 141 detects that the displacement of the active fault zone exceeds the preset value of the maximum displacement force of the active fault zone, the alarm gives an alarm to remind the staff to make a quick response and take countermeasures to reduce the safety risk and avoid safety accidents.

[0059] In some examples, such as Figure 1 shown, the above tunnel anti-displacement structure further includes: a second lining 150 provided inside the above tunnel main body 100; a second buffer layer 160 provided between the above second lining 150 and the above tunnel main body 100.

[0060] It can be understood that the tunnel anti-displacement structure is also provided with a second lining 150. Specifically, the second lining 150 is provided inside the tunnel main body 100. By further strengthening the support of the second lining 150, the safety of the tunnel main body 100 is improved, and facilities such as communication devices, lighting devices, and detection devices can be provided on the second lining 150 to improve the reliability of the tunnel and meet various requirements.

[0061] The second lining 150 can be made of reinforced concrete to ensure the bearing capacity of the second lining 150 and reduce the deformation amount.

[0062] It can be understood that the tunnel anti-displacement structure is also provided with a second buffer layer 160. Specifically, the second buffer layer 160 is provided between the second lining 150 and the tunnel main body 100. The second buffer layer 160 is filled with buffer materials. The buffer materials can be made of flexible materials such as foam concrete and rubber. When an earthquake or fault activity causes the formation to displace, the buffer materials are deformed by the impact force to absorb the impact energy generated by the displacement, thereby reducing part of the displacement.

[0063] In some examples, the above tunnel anti-displacement structure further includes: a waterproof layer connected to one end of the above second lining 150 away from the above tunnel main body 100.

[0064] It can be understood that the tunnel anti-displacement structure is also provided with a waterproof layer. The waterproof layer is connected to one end of the second lining 150 away from the tunnel main body 100. By providing the waterproof layer, water is prevented from entering the tunnel main body 100, ensuring the safety of the tunnel main body 100 and extending its service life. A waterproof system and drainage pipelines can be arranged in the waterproof layer to further optimize the performance of the tunnel.

[0065] In some examples, such as Figure 1 shown, a stable circle 170 is formed between the surrounding rock 190 and the above first lining 110, and a stable slurry is injected into the above stable circle 170.

[0066] It can be understood that a stable circle 170 is formed between the surrounding rock 190 and the first lining 110. By injecting a stabilizing slurry into the stable circle 170, the mechanical properties of the original rock within the stable circle 170 are improved, and the surrounding rock 190 becomes more stable, thereby enhancing the overall anti-breaking performance of the tunnel, reducing the deformation of the tunnel main body 100, and improving the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body 100.

[0067] In some examples, the above-mentioned stabilizing slurry is composed of cement mortar and water glass slurry, and the volume ratio of the above-mentioned cement mortar to the above-mentioned water glass slurry is 1:0.35 to 1:1. Among them, the water-cement ratio of the above-mentioned cement mortar is 0.5:1 to 1:1, and the concentration of the above-mentioned water glass slurry is 30 - 40 Be.

[0068] It can be understood that the stabilizing slurry can be composed of cement mortar and water glass slurry, and the volume ratio of the cement mortar to the water glass slurry is 1:0.35 to 1:1. The water-cement ratio of the above-mentioned cement mortar is 0.5:1 to 1:1, and the concentration of the water glass slurry is 30 - 40 Be. Injecting this kind of stabilizing slurry into the stable circle 170 can form a relatively stable grouting curtain, thereby enhancing the anti-seepage ability of the tunnel anti-breaking structure, improving the mechanical properties of the original rock within the curtain, and making the surrounding rock 190 more stable after grouting. Thus, the overall anti-breaking performance of the tunnel is enhanced, the deformation of the tunnel main body 100 is reduced, and the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body 100 are improved.

[0069] In some examples, as Figure 1 shown, the above-mentioned tunnel anti-breaking structure further includes: a cable bolt 180, which is arranged within the above-mentioned stable circle 170. One end of the above-mentioned cable bolt 180 is connected to the above-mentioned surrounding rock 190, and the other end is connected to the above-mentioned first lining 110.

[0070] It can be understood that the tunnel anti-breaking structure is also provided with a cable bolt 180. Specifically, the cable bolt 180 is arranged within the stable circle 170, and one end of the cable bolt 180 is connected to the surrounding rock 190, and the other end of the cable bolt 180 is connected to the first lining 110. By providing sufficient tensile force through the cable bolt 180, the self-weight and sliding force of the loose rock and soil within the stable circle 170 are overcome, avoiding the tunnel from slipping and collapsing, enhancing the structural strength of the tunnel anti-breaking structure, and improving the safety and reliability of the tunnel main body 100.

[0071] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0072] In the description of this specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or instance. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0073] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel anti - misalignment structure, characterized in that, it includes: a tunnel main body; a first lining, arranged on the outer side of the tunnel main body; a first buffer layer, arranged between the first lining and the tunnel main body; a plurality of telescopic rods, one end of each telescopic rod is connected to the first buffer layer, and the other end is connected to the tunnel main body; the telescopic rod is provided with a first connecting part, a second connecting part, a first rod body, a second rod body and a slider. Wherein, the telescopic rod is connected to the first buffer layer through the first connecting part, the telescopic rod is connected to the tunnel main body through the second connecting part, the first rod body is connected to the first connecting part, and a first sliding groove is opened inside the first rod body, the opening direction of the first sliding groove faces the tunnel main body, the slider is connected to one end of the second rod body far away from the tunnel main body, and the slider is located in the first sliding groove, and the overall length of the telescopic rod is changed by the sliding of the slider in the first sliding groove; a second sliding groove is arranged on the end face of the first connecting part, the end face of the first rod body is a first spherical surface, and the spherical surface is slidably connected to the second sliding groove; a third sliding groove is arranged on the end face of the second connecting part, the end face of the second rod body is a second spherical surface, and the spherical surface is slidably connected to the third sliding groove; a displacement sensor, connected to one end of the first connecting part close to the first buffer layer, and the displacement sensor is used to detect the misalignment amount of the active fracture zone.

2. The tunnel anti - misalignment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, the telescopic rod further includes: an alarm, connected to the displacement sensor, and when the misalignment amount of the active fracture zone detected by the displacement sensor exceeds a preset value, the alarm emits an alarm.

3. The tunnel anti - misalignment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, it further includes: a second lining, arranged on the inner side of the tunnel main body; a second buffer layer, arranged between the second lining and the tunnel main body.

4. The tunnel anti - misalignment structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, it further includes: a waterproof layer, connected to one end of the second lining far away from the tunnel main body.

5. The tunnel anti - misalignment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, a stable circle is formed between the surrounding rock and the first lining, and a stable slurry is injected into the stable circle.

6. The tunnel anti - misalignment structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, the stable slurry is composed of cement mortar and water glass slurry, and the volume ratio of the cement mortar to the water glass slurry is 1:0.35 to 1:1; wherein, the water - cement ratio of the cement mortar is: 0.5:1 to 1:1, and the concentration of the water glass slurry is 30 - 40Be.

7. The tunnel anti - misalignment structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, it further includes: a cable anchor, arranged in the stable circle, one end of the cable anchor is connected to the surrounding rock, and the other end is connected to the first lining.

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