Mechanical recyclable multifunctional anchor rod

Abstract

The application provides a mechanical recyclable multifunctional anchor rod, relates to the technical field of anchor rods, and is designed to solve the problem that anchor rods are inconvenient to recycle. The mechanical recyclable multifunctional anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body, the anchor rod body is connected with a drill bit through a transmission rod, the transmission rod is fixedly connected with the drill bit, and the end of the anchor rod body away from the transmission rod is provided with a torque limiting safety buckle. The mechanical recyclable multifunctional anchor rod provided by the application can be conveniently recycled, and the discarding of downhole supporting materials is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anchor bolt technology, and more specifically, to a mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt. Background Technology

[0002] In the existing technology, anchor bolts are required to support temporary tunnels and chambers. However, after the support process is completed, these anchor bolts are disposable and cannot be recycled. Moreover, the removal process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, which reduces labor efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The first objective of this invention is to provide a mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt to solve the technical problem that existing anchor bolts are not easy to recycle.

[0004] The mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt provided by the present invention includes an anchor bolt body, which is connected to a drill bit via a transmission rod. The transmission rod is fixedly connected to the drill bit, and a torque-limiting safety buckle is provided at one end of the anchor bolt body opposite to the transmission rod.

[0005] The beneficial effects of this invention, a mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt, are:

[0006] By installing a torque-limiting safety buckle between the anchor bolt body and the transmission rod, if a malfunction occurs during the anchor bolt retrieval process and the entire anchor bolt cannot be retrieved, the anchor bolt body can be reversed. When the torque is large enough, the internal safety buckle in the torque-limiting safety buckle can be broken, allowing the components after the anchor bolt body to be retrieved, thus reducing the loss of downhole support materials.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, a support and retraction mechanism is provided on the outer side of the transmission rod, and the support and retraction mechanism is disposed between the drill bit and the anchor rod body.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the transmission rod and the anchor rod body are axially movable and circumferentially fixedly connected. The outer circumferential surface of the transmission rod is provided with an external thread. The expansion and contraction mechanism includes multiple pivot seats, and a pivot expansion and contraction rod group is connected between the multiple pivot seats. The pivot expansion and contraction rod group can change its external dimensions along the radial direction of the transmission rod. The multiple pivot seats include a first pivot seat and a second pivot seat. The first pivot seat is closest to the drill bit and is threadedly connected to the transmission rod. The second pivot seat is adjacent to the anchor rod body. The second pivot seat is connected to the transmission rod through a positioning pin. The positioning pin is arranged along the radial direction of the transmission rod. When the positioning pin loses its function of connecting the transmission rod and the second pivot seat, the second pivot seat is slidably connected to the transmission rod.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the number of pivot seats is at least three, and the same compression spring is provided between the multiple pivot seats.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, a telescopic sleeve is connected between adjacent pivot seats, and the telescopic sleeve is located outside the compression spring.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, both the anchor rod body and the transmission rod are provided with vent holes, which are connected to a compressed air source and are used to push the positioning pin out radially.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, each of the pivot support rod assemblies includes a first pivot rod and a second pivot rod, the first pivot rod and the second pivot rod are pivotally connected to different pivot seats, the middle part of the first pivot rod is pivotally connected to the second pivot rod, and the rotation axes of the first pivot rod and the second pivot rod are both located in the circumferential direction of the transmission rod.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the torque-limiting safety buckle is connected to the reflective tray via a rubber pressure monitoring plug.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, the reflective tray is fixedly connected to the nut.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the nut is also connected to a safety cap. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or background art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or background art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of a mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0020] 11-Anchor bolt body; 12-Transmission rod; 13-Positioning pin; 14-Ventilation hole; 20-Drill bit; 30-Torque limiting safety buckle; 41-First pivot seat; 42-Second pivot seat; 50-Pivot support rod assembly; 51-First pivot rod; 52-Second pivot rod; 61-Compression spring; 62-Telescopic sleeve; 71-Rubber pressure monitoring plug; 72-Reflective tray; 73-Nut; 74-Safety helmet. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Example 1:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of a mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1-2 As shown, the mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes an anchor bolt body 11, which is connected to a drill bit 20 via a transmission rod 12. The transmission rod 12 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 20, and a torque limiting safety buckle 30 is provided at the end of the anchor bolt body 11 facing away from the transmission rod 12.

[0024] Among them, drill bit 20 can be Figure 1 and Figure 2 The umbrella-shaped design serves as a dustproof barrier. The torque-limiting safety catch 30, also known as a check catch or limit catch, can transmit torque in one direction to rotate the drill bit. The torque that can be transmitted in this direction is larger, while the torque that can be transmitted in the opposite direction is smaller. If the torque is too large, the torque-limiting safety catch 30 will be damaged, causing the connected components to separate. Therefore, when it is necessary to disconnect the anchor bolt body from its upstream components, transmitting torque in the opposite direction through the torque-limiting safety catch 30 will destroy it, leaving the anchor bolt body 11 and its driven components in place, allowing the upstream components to be retrieved.

[0025] By setting a torque-limiting safety buckle 30 between the anchor bolt body 11 and the transmission rod 12, if a malfunction occurs during the anchor bolt retrieval process and the entire anchor bolt cannot be retrieved, the anchor bolt body 11 can be reversed. When the torque is large enough, the internal safety buckle in the torque-limiting safety buckle 30 can be broken, and the components after the anchor bolt body 11 can be retrieved, reducing the loss of downhole support materials.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, preferably, a support and contraction mechanism is also provided on the outer side of the transmission rod 12, and the support and contraction mechanism is located between the drill bit 20 and the anchor rod body 11.

[0027] By placing the expansion mechanism between the drill bit 20 and the anchor bolt body 11, the expansion mechanism can be immediately opened to support the hole after the drill bit 20 drills, thus improving work efficiency.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, preferably, the transmission rod 12 and the anchor rod body 11 are axially movable and circumferentially fixed. The outer circumferential surface of the transmission rod 12 is provided with external threads. The expansion mechanism includes multiple pivot seats, and a pivot expansion rod assembly 50 is connected between the multiple pivot seats. The pivot expansion rod assembly 50 can change its external dimensions along the radial direction of the transmission rod 12. The multiple pivot seats include a first pivot seat 41 and a second pivot seat 42. Among the various pivot seats, the first pivot seat 41 is closest to the drill bit 20 and is threadedly connected to the transmission rod 12. The second pivot seat 42 is adjacent to the anchor rod body 11. The second pivot seat 42 is connected to the transmission rod 12 through a positioning pin 13. The positioning pin 13 is arranged along the radial direction of the transmission rod 12. When the function of the positioning pin 13 in connecting the transmission rod 12 and the second pivot seat 42 is lost, the second pivot seat 42 is slidably connected to the transmission rod 12.

[0029] In this embodiment, there can be three pivot seats. Of course, having only two pivot seats can also achieve the effect of changing the external dimensions of the pivot support rod assembly 50. The pivot support rod assemblies 50 can be evenly distributed along the circumference of the transmission rod 12 between adjacent pivot seats, for example, four, six, or eight sets. In this embodiment, four sets are specifically provided. In addition, the pivot support rod assemblies 50 can also keep the multiple pivot seats relatively fixed in the circumferential direction and prevent relative rotation.

[0030] Specifically, taking the three pivot seats in this embodiment as an example, Figure 1 The two lower pivot seats shown in the diagram have smooth inner holes and are slidably connected to the transmission rod 12. The upper pivot seat in the diagram is threadedly connected to the transmission rod 12.

[0031] Furthermore, the axial sliding circumferential fixed connection between the transmission rod 12 and the anchor body 11 can be achieved using a spline connection, or the portion of the transmission rod 12 inserted into the anchor body 11 can be configured with a non-circular cross-section, such as a triangle or a square. Specifically, in this embodiment, the portion of the transmission rod 12 inserted into the anchor body 11 is chosen to be a square cross-section, with the side length of the square cross-section being equal to the outer diameter of the external thread portion of the transmission rod 12.

[0032] The first pivot seat 41 is threadedly connected to the transmission rod 12, while the remaining pivot seats are slidably connected to the transmission rod 12. The anchor rod body 11 can push the second pivot seat 42 relative to the transmission rod 12, thereby changing the distance between the uppermost and lowermost pivot seats. Consequently, the pivot support rod assembly 50 is compressed axially in the transmission rod 12, and correspondingly, the radial dimension of the pivot support rod assembly 50 increases, allowing it to support the relevant hole wall.

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, preferably, the number of pivot seats is at least three, and the same compression spring 61 is provided between the multiple pivot seats.

[0034] In this embodiment, the compression spring 61 can be a cylindrical helical compression spring, or other types of compression springs such as disc springs.

[0035] By installing compression springs 61 between the pivot seats, pressure transmission can be achieved between the multiple pivot seats. Since only one pivot seat is screwed to the transmission rod 12, while the others are not axially fixedly connected, the axial force on the compression springs 61 between each pivot seat is the same (ignoring frictional resistance), resulting in identical compression and deformation. In other words, the change in distance between adjacent pairs of pivot seats is the same, leading to identical expansion of the pivot support rod assemblies 50. Therefore, using identical compression springs 61 ensures uniform expansion of the pivot support rod assemblies 50 at different axial positions.

[0036] Furthermore, by setting the compression spring 61, adjacent pivot seats can be kept parallel. Therefore, the pivot support rod group 50 at different circumferential positions in the same axial position is at the same distance from the pivot point of the two pivot seats. Thus, multiple sets of pivot support rod groups 50 between two adjacent pivot seats can also maintain the same opening size.

[0037] The compression spring 61 can also protect the drill bit 20 from impact, absorb energy, and fix it during the drilling process.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, preferably, a telescopic sleeve 62 is connected between adjacent pivot seats, and the telescopic sleeve 62 is located outside the compression spring 61.

[0039] In this embodiment, the telescopic sleeve 62 refers to a part whose two ends are passively extended and retracted under the action of the pivot seat, rather than a part that actively drives the adjacent pivot seats to change the distance. Specifically, in two adjacent pivot seats, one is equipped with a telescopic sleeve with a larger diameter, and the other is equipped with a telescopic sleeve with a smaller diameter, and is slidably disposed relative to the telescopic sleeve with a larger diameter, thereby forming the telescopic sleeve 62 between the two pivot seats.

[0040] By setting the telescopic sleeve 62, the compression spring 61 can be covered in the telescopic sleeve 62, thereby preventing external rock debris and dust from entering the space inside the telescopic sleeve 62. This avoids rock debris and other objects from jamming the compression spring 61, causing the compression spring 61 to malfunction and resulting in uneven expansion and contraction of the pivot support rod assembly 50.

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, preferably, the anchor rod body 11 and the transmission rod 12 are both provided with air vents 14, and the air vents 14 are connected to a compressed air source (not shown in the figure). The air vents 14 are used to radially eject the positioning pin 13.

[0042] Among them, those skilled in the art should understand that the end of the transmission rod 12 connected to the drill bit 20, the end of the transmission rod 12 connected to the anchor rod body 11, and the end of the anchor rod body 11 connected to the torque-limiting safety buckle 30 are all airtight, so as to prevent air leakage when using compressed air to radially eject the positioning pin 13; if Figure 1 As shown, the air vent 14 in the transmission rod 12 is a blind hole and only extends to the position where the positioning pin 13 is located, then it is not necessary to make the end of the transmission rod 12 connected to the drill bit 20 airtight.

[0043] When it is necessary to release the fixation between the second pivot seat 42 and the transmission rod 12, the compressed air in the compressed air source can be sent into the transmission rod 12 through the air vent 14. The compressed air contacts one end of the positioning pin 13 located in the transmission rod 12 and applies a radial force along the transmission rod to the positioning pin 13, so that the positioning pin 13 disengages from the transmission rod. As a result, the function of the positioning pin 13 to fix the second pivot seat 42 and the transmission rod 12 is lost, and the second pivot seat 42 and the transmission rod 12 can slide axially relative to each other.

[0044] As Figure 1 shown, preferably, each pivot support and retraction rod group 50 includes a first pivot rod 51 and a second pivot rod 52. The first pivot rod 51 and the second pivot rod 52 are pivotally connected to different pivot seats. The middle of the first pivot rod 51 and the second pivot rod 52 are pivotally connected, and the rotation axes of the first pivot rod 51 and the second pivot rod 52 are both in the circumferential direction of the transmission rod 12.

[0045] Among them, each pivot support and retraction rod group 50 can be generally in the shape of the Chinese character "ren" (human character). The length of the first pivot rod 51 is greater than the length of the second pivot rod 52. For example, the pivot rod above in the figure of each pivot support and retraction rod group 50 can be the first pivot rod 51, and the one below in the figure is the second pivot rod 52. Among multiple pivot support and retraction rod groups 50 in adjacent pivot seats, the pivot rods located above can all be the first pivot rods 51, and those located below are all the second pivot rods 52.

[0046] Using two pivot rods with different lengths to form the pivot support and retraction rod group 50 can use the longer pivot rod to support the hole wall, thus saving materials.

[0047] As Figure 1 shown, preferably, the torque-limiting safety buckle 30 is connected to the reflective tray 72 through a rubber pressure monitoring plug 71.

[0048] In this embodiment, a rubber pressure monitoring plug 71 can be installed at the tail of the torque-limiting safety buckle 30, which can serve to seal the hole and detect pressure and deformation. In another implementation, a gas sensor or other sensors can be connected across it, and the data can be transmitted to a safety management platform via 4G, 5G, or other data networks to monitor the deformation, pressure, and presence of harmful gases in the local roadway, and to perform monitoring and statistics.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, preferably, the reflective tray 72 is fixedly connected to the nut 73.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, preferably, the nut 73 is also connected to a safety cap 74.

[0051] The operating principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0052] Mechanically retractable anchor bolts are installed on pneumatic drilling rigs or integrated roadway excavation and anchoring machines for drilling in coal and rock roadways, ensuring the drill bit 20 drills smoothly. Once the drilling reaches the desired depth, compressed air from the compressed air source is introduced into the vent 14. The vent 14 applies pressure to the end of the positioning pin 13 located within the transmission rod 12, using air pressure to push the positioning pin 13 out of the transmission rod 12. The positioning pin 13 loses its function of fixing the second pivot seat 42 and the transmission rod 12, allowing the second pivot seat 42 to move axially relative to the transmission rod 12. Then... Figure 1 As shown, the upper push of the anchor body 11 causes the second pivot seat 42 to move upward as well. The second pivot seat 42 drives the non-screw-connected pivot seats through the compression spring 61, so that the spacing of each pivot seat changes by the same amount, so that the pivot support rod group 50 is pushed outward to provide support.

[0053] When the anchor bolt needs to be retracted, the transmission rod 12 can be rotated in the opposite direction. Consequently, the spacing between the various pivot seats increases, and the external dimensions of the pivot support assembly 50 decrease. As a result, the overall outer diameter of the mechanically retractable anchor bolt decreases, allowing for its recovery. If the drill bit 20 still cannot be pulled out after retraction, reverse force can be applied to break the internal safety lock in the torque-limiting safety buckle 30, thus recovering the mechanically retractable anchor bolt and reducing the loss of downhole support material.

[0054] In summary, this retractable mechanical anchor bolt combines the drill bit 20 with the mechanical structure, enabling rapid, one-time drilling into the coal seam, rock mass, etc., reducing the support time for workers in dangerous areas or underground coal mines, and effectively achieving rapid installation.

[0055] The canopy of drill bit 20 determines the selection of mechanically retractable anchor bolts. The larger the diameter of drill bit 20 and the larger the diameter of mechanically retractable anchor bolts, the different support strengths will be. In special locations, mechanically retractable anchor bolts of different materials can also be used to correspond to the forces in each direction.

[0056] By utilizing complete sets of drilled anchor bolt equipment, installation, disassembly, and replacement of parts can be achieved, allowing for repeated use and greatly improving the economic benefits of roadway maintenance for short-term and temporary support.

[0057] By monitoring mechanically retractable anchor bolts, the deformation of the roadway can be monitored in real time and over a long period of time while providing support, providing an effective basis for predicting local disasters in the roadway and strengthening support.

[0058] The aforementioned mechanically retrievable anchor bolt utilizes a compression spring 61 for shock absorption and fixation. This invention, however, primarily utilizes the structural rigidity of a non-Newtonian fluid subjected to sudden, severe impact, transforming point force into surface force for effective support and preventing damage to external temporary infrastructure foundations and underground mine roadways. This mechanically retrievable anchor bolt, employing a non-Newtonian fluid lining support structure, can also be used for temporary surface infrastructure or in temporary roadways and chambers with relatively stable geological conditions in coal mines. This invention is designed to be detachable and reusable, facilitating maintenance of anchor bolts for short-term roadway maintenance, reducing unit support material costs, and resolving material residue issues underground. This novel retrievable anchor bolt boasts high anchoring strength, high construction efficiency, high anchor bolt reuse rate, and saves on anchoring agents, making it worthy of widespread application.

[0059] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the term "comprising" or any other variations thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0061] In the above embodiments, descriptions of directions such as "up" and "down" are based on the accompanying drawings.

[0062] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

[0063] Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt, characterized in that, The system includes an anchor bolt body (11), which is connected to a drill bit (20) via a transmission rod (12). The transmission rod (12) is fixedly connected to the drill bit (20). A torque-limiting safety buckle (30) is provided at the end of the anchor bolt body (11) facing away from the transmission rod (12). A expansion mechanism is also provided on the outside of the transmission rod (12). The expansion mechanism is located between the drill bit (20) and the anchor bolt body (11). The transmission rod (12) and the anchor bolt body (11) are axially movable and circumferentially fixed. The outer circumferential surface of the transmission rod (12) is provided with an external thread. The expansion mechanism includes multiple pivot seats. A pivot expansion rod assembly (50) is connected between the multiple pivot seats. The pivot expansion rod assembly (50) can change its external dimensions along the radial direction of the transmission rod (12). The number of pivot seats is at least three, and the multiple pivot seats include a first pivot seat (41) and a second pivot seat (42). The first pivot seat (41) is closest to the drill bit (20) and is threadedly connected to the transmission rod (12). The second pivot seat (42) is adjacent to the anchor rod body (11). The second pivot seat (42) is connected to the transmission rod (12) through a positioning pin (13). The positioning pin (13) is arranged radially along the transmission rod (12). When the positioning pin (13) loses its function of connecting the transmission rod (12) and the second pivot seat (42), the second pivot seat (42) is slidably connected to the transmission rod (12), and the remaining pivot seats are slidably connected to the transmission rod (12). The multiple pivot seats are provided with the same compression spring (61).

2. The mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, A telescopic sleeve (62) is connected between adjacent pivot seats, and the telescopic sleeve (62) is located outside the compression spring (61).

3. The mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the anchor body (11) and the transmission rod (12) are provided with vent holes (14), which are connected to a compressed air source and are used to push the positioning pin (13) out radially.

4. The mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the pivot support rod assemblies (50) includes a first pivot rod (51) and a second pivot rod (52), the first pivot rod (51) and the second pivot rod (52) being pivotally connected to different pivot seats, the middle part of the first pivot rod (51) and the second pivot rod (52) being pivotally connected, and the rotation axes of the first pivot rod (51) and the second pivot rod (52) being in the circumferential direction of the transmission rod (12).

5. The mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The torque-limiting safety buckle (30) is connected to the reflective tray (72) via a rubber pressure monitoring plug (71).

6. The mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reflective tray (72) is fixedly connected to the nut (73).

7. The mechanically recyclable multifunctional anchor bolt according to claim 6, characterized in that, The nut (73) is also connected to a safety cap (74).

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