Drawbar composite loading test device and method

Abstract

A traction rod composite loading test device comprises a test platform, on which are mounted a vertical loading assembly arranged vertically, a longitudinal loading assembly arranged horizontally and a transverse loading assembly arranged horizontally, the longitudinal loading assembly and the transverse loading assembly being vertically distributed, and characterized in that: two traction rods arranged vertically are aligned and connected via a mounting frame, the traction rod of the upper layer is fixed to the vertical loading assembly, the traction rod of the lower layer is fixed to the test platform, the mounting frame is arranged horizontally and transversely, and the longitudinal loading assembly and the transverse loading assembly are respectively connected to the mounting frame. The present invention effectively improves the accuracy of test data and the fatigue life of the test device, the test loading condition is closer to the actual load-bearing condition of the traction rod, the fatigue performance test of the traction rod in the composite condition is realized, and the reliability of the test is improved. The present invention also provides a traction rod composite loading test method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a traction rod composite loading test device and method, belonging to the technical field of traction rod loading test. Background Art

[0002] The traction rod is an elastomer made of rubber and metal parts vulcanized under high temperature and high pressure. It has the functions of flexible connection, traction transmission and vibration buffering. It can withstand fatigue and instantaneous impact from multi-directional loads such as radial, torsion and deflection in complex working environments, and has the function of vibration reduction and noise reduction. It is widely used in rail transportation and industrial equipment vibration reduction systems. In order to transmit traction under complex loading conditions, it is usually designed as a combined structure of integral forged metal rods pressed with rubber ball joints, using the elastic deformation of rubber to achieve flexible connection and multi-directional load bearing, using rubber damping to achieve vibration reduction and noise reduction, and at the same time realizing force transmission through metal rods, thereby meeting the requirements of complex load-bearing conditions. In addition to verifying the mechanical properties of metal rods, the composite loading test of the traction component is more importantly to verify the mechanical properties of the rubber joints. This is because the traction rod is always subjected to radial tension, torsion angle, vertical deflection angle and horizontal deflection angle during actual use, and most of our existing technologies only consider the impact of a single radial tension on the performance of the traction rod. Although this loading method considers the impact of the main loading direction and the main load, it ignores the impact of the torsional load. Therefore, the actual fatigue life data obtained is still different from the actual situation, and it is impossible to truly characterize the mechanical properties of the traction rod.

[0003] CN201210300229.8 discloses a fatigue test device and test method for a traction link system of a monorail vehicle. The traction link system is placed in a simulated vehicle body and bogie system, and is horizontally installed on a test platform as a whole. It is subjected to combined loading from vertical and lateral (horizontal) directions respectively through a loading cylinder and a test fixture. The upper end ball joints of the four traction rods of the traction link system are fixed to the bearing platform of the simulated vehicle body device by bolts, forming a double torsion bar mechanism with a four-link internal force balance. A hinge device is installed at a position deviating from the center of the bearing platform by a certain distance. The hinge device passes through four guide seats in parallel and is connected to the vertical loading cylinder through a loading beam. The cylinder applies traction force to the upper and lower groups of traction rods respectively through the hinge device in an eccentric loading manner. The deflection angle thus generated performs a yaw motion around the rotation axis through the hinge device to eliminate the yaw load, thereby realizing vertical loading of the traction link system. The fatigue test device in this scheme has a complex structure, and there are always lateral and longitudinal friction forces, which not only affects the accuracy of the test data, but also greatly reduces the fatigue life of the test device. Summary of the invention

[0004] The traction rod composite loading test device and method provided by the present invention form a synchronous test of two traction rod groups. The connection structure between the traction rod and each loading component is simple. The loading of each loading component directly forms the movement of the traction rod, avoiding load transfer through structural combination movement, avoiding structural errors and friction in the load transfer process, effectively improving the accuracy of test data and the fatigue life of the test device, and the test loading condition is closer to the actual load-bearing condition of the traction rod, realizing the fatigue performance test of the traction rod in the composite condition, and improving the reliability of the test.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] The traction rod composite loading test device comprises a test platform, on which are installed a vertical loading assembly arranged along the vertical direction, a longitudinal loading assembly arranged along the horizontal longitudinal direction and a transverse loading assembly arranged along the horizontal transverse direction, the longitudinal loading assembly and the transverse loading assembly are vertically distributed, and the device is characterized in that: two traction rods arranged along the vertical direction are aligned and connected through a mounting frame, the traction rod of the upper layer is fixed to the vertical loading assembly, the traction rod of the lower layer is fixed to the test platform, the mounting frame is arranged along the horizontal transverse direction, and the longitudinal loading assembly and the transverse loading assembly are respectively connected to the mounting frame.

[0007] Preferably, the mounting frame includes a connecting arm arranged along a horizontal transverse direction, a longitudinal connecting rod arranged along a horizontal longitudinal direction, and a transverse connecting rod arranged along a horizontal transverse direction, the longitudinal connecting rod and the transverse connecting rod are respectively hinged to the connecting arm, and the middle part of the connecting arm has two upper and lower symmetrical connecting ears, a traction rod is fixed on each connecting ear, and the traction rod of the upper layer is fixed by an upper mounting disc vertical loading assembly, and the traction rod of the lower layer is fixed to the test platform by a lower mounting disc, and the connecting ear, the upper mounting disc and the lower mounting disc are respectively fixed to the ball joint at the end of the traction rod.

[0008] Preferably, the longitudinal connecting rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting ears, and each longitudinal connecting rod is connected to a longitudinal loading assembly, which includes a longitudinal cylinder aligned with the longitudinal connecting rod, a longitudinal reaction seat fixed to the tail end of the longitudinal cylinder, and a longitudinal force plate fixed to the head end of the longitudinal cylinder, and the longitudinal force plate is hinged to the free end of the longitudinal connecting rod.

[0009] Preferably, the transverse connecting rod is connected to one end of the connecting arm, and the transverse loading assembly includes a transverse cylinder aligned with the transverse connecting rod, a transverse reaction seat fixed to the tail end of the transverse cylinder, and a transverse force plate fixed to the head end of the transverse cylinder, and the transverse force plate is hinged to the free end of the transverse connecting rod.

[0010] Preferably, the vertical loading assembly includes a gantry, a vertical oil cylinder mounted on the gantry, a vertical force frame fixed to the lower end of the vertical oil cylinder and a guide beam mounted on the gantry, and the vertical force frame guide fits through the guide beam and is fixedly connected to the upper mounting disc.

[0011] The composite loading test method for a traction rod adopts the composite loading test device for the traction rod described above for loading, and is characterized in that: the vertical loading component applies a vertical tensile load to stretch the traction rod; the longitudinal loading component applies a longitudinal load to twist or deflect the traction rod, and the transverse loading component applies a transverse load to deflect the traction rod laterally; at least two of the vertical loading component, the longitudinal loading component and the transverse loading component synchronously apply loads to the traction rod to form a composite loading on the traction rod.

[0012] Preferably, "the longitudinal loading assembly applies a longitudinal load to twist or deflect the traction rod" means that two longitudinal loading assemblies synchronously apply longitudinal loads in the same direction to twist the traction rod, or two longitudinal loading assemblies synchronously apply longitudinal loads in opposite directions to deflect the traction rod.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the invention are:

[0014] The traction rod composite loading test device of the present invention aligns and connects two traction rods arranged vertically on a mounting frame, fixes the traction rod of the lower layer to the test platform, and fixes the traction rod of the upper layer to the vertical loading assembly to form a pair of two traction rods for synchronous testing. The traction rod of the lower layer supports the mounting frame, the load of the vertical loading assembly acts on the traction rod, and the loads of the transverse loading assembly and the longitudinal loading assembly act on the mounting frame. The connection structure between the traction rod and each loading assembly is simple, and the loading of each loading assembly directly forms the movement of the traction rod, avoiding the load transfer through the structural combination movement, avoiding the structural error and friction in the load transfer process, and effectively improving the accuracy of the test data and the fatigue life of the test device. The vertical loading assembly pulls the traction rod upward vertically to make the end ball joints of the two traction rods radially stretched, the longitudinal loading assembly applies a longitudinal load to twist or deflect the traction rod, and the transverse loading assembly applies a transverse load to side-deflect the traction rod. A multi-directional composite loading test can be performed according to the test requirements, and the test loading condition is closer to the actual load-bearing condition of the traction rod, so that the fatigue performance test of the traction rod in the composite condition is realized, and the reliability of the test is improved.

[0015] The longitudinal connecting rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting ears, and each longitudinal connecting rod is connected to a longitudinal loading assembly, so that the longitudinal loading assemblies are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the traction rod. When the two longitudinal loading assemblies synchronously apply longitudinal loads in the same direction, the traction rod is twisted, and when the two longitudinal loading assemblies synchronously apply longitudinal loads in opposite directions, the traction rod is deflected. The torsion and deflection of the traction rod are both achieved by the two longitudinal loading assemblies, which simplifies the loading structure of the test device. In addition, the stress condition of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod formed by the deflection and torsion loads applied to the traction rod by the two symmetrically arranged longitudinal loading assemblies is similar to the deflection and torsion condition of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod during actual load-bearing, and the fatigue life of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod can be effectively detected through experiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a traction rod composite loading test device in a specific implementation manner.

[0017] Figure 2 Side view of the traction bar composite loading test device.

[0018] Figure 3 Another side view of the traction bar composite loading test rig.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the combination of a mounting frame, a drawbar, an upper mounting disc, a lower mounting disc, a longitudinal connecting rod and a transverse connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Combine the following Figures 1 to 4 The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.

[0021] The traction rod composite loading test device comprises a test platform 1, on which are installed a vertical loading component 2 arranged vertically, a longitudinal loading component 3 arranged horizontally longitudinally and a transverse loading component 4 arranged horizontally transversely, the longitudinal loading component 3 and the transverse loading component 4 are vertically distributed, and is characterized in that: two traction rods 100 arranged vertically are aligned and connected through a mounting frame 5, the traction rod 100 of the upper layer is fixed to the vertical loading component 2, the traction rod 100 of the lower layer is fixed to the test platform 1, the mounting frame 5 is arranged horizontally transversely, and the longitudinal loading component 3 and the transverse loading component 4 are respectively connected to the mounting frame 5.

[0022] The above-mentioned traction rod composite loading test device aligns and connects two traction rods 100 arranged vertically on the mounting frame 5, and fixes the lower traction rod 100 to the test platform 1, and fixes the upper traction rod 100 to the vertical loading assembly 2, so as to form a pair of two traction rods 100 for synchronous testing. The lower traction rod 100 supports the mounting frame 5, and the load of the vertical loading assembly 2 acts on the traction rod 5, and the load of the lateral loading assembly 4 and the longitudinal loading assembly 3 acts on the mounting frame 5. The connection structure between the traction rod 100 and each loading assembly is simple, and the loading of each loading assembly directly forms the movement of the traction rod, avoiding Load transfer is formed through structural combined movement, which avoids structural errors and frictions in the load transfer process, effectively improving the accuracy of test data and the fatigue life of the test device. The vertical loading component 2 pulls the traction rod 100 vertically to radially stretch the end ball joints of the two traction rods. The longitudinal loading component 3 applies a longitudinal load to twist or deflect the traction rod. The transverse loading component 4 applies a transverse load to deflect the traction rod laterally. Multi-directional composite loading tests can be carried out according to test requirements. The test loading conditions are closer to the actual load-bearing conditions of the traction rod, thereby realizing the fatigue performance test of the traction rod in composite conditions and improving the reliability of the test.

[0023] Among them, the mounting frame 5 includes a connecting arm 51 arranged along the horizontal transverse direction, a longitudinal connecting rod 52 arranged along the horizontal longitudinal direction, and a transverse connecting rod 53 arranged along the horizontal transverse direction. The longitudinal connecting rod 52 and the transverse connecting rod 53 are respectively hinged to the connecting arm 51. The middle part of the connecting arm 51 has two upper and lower symmetrical connecting ears 54. A traction rod 100 is fixed on each connecting ear 54, and the upper traction rod is fixed to the vertical loading assembly 2 through the upper mounting disc 55. The lower traction rod is fixed to the test platform 1 through the lower mounting disc 56. The connecting ear 54, the upper mounting disc 55 and the lower mounting disc 56 are respectively fixed to the ball joint at the end of the traction rod. As shown in the figure, a traction rod is fixed on each of the two connecting ears 54. The upper traction rod is fixed to the vertical loading assembly through the upper mounting disc 55, and the lower traction rod is fixed to the test platform 1 through the lower mounting disc 56. The two traction rods are vertically aligned and fixed between the vertical loading assembly 2 and the test platform 1. The vertical loading assembly 2 applies an upward pulling force, that is, the two traction rods are synchronously stretched upward. The longitudinal loading assembly 3 is connected to the connecting arm 51 through the longitudinal connecting rod 52, and the transverse loading assembly 4 is connected to the connecting arm 51 through the transverse connecting rod 53. The longitudinal loading assembly 3 and the transverse loading assembly 4 are connected to the connecting arm 51 through the transverse connecting rod 53. The load of component 4 acts on the connecting arm 51, and the movement of the connecting arm 51 drives the movement of the traction rod. The traction rod 100 is arranged vertically, and the two traction rods 100 move synchronously under load during the loading process. The ball joint at one end of the traction rod is fixed, and the ball joint at the other end moves synchronously with the connecting arm 51, forming a load-bearing movement process that is the same as the actual working condition of the traction rod, which can effectively test the fatigue life of the traction rod. The connection structure between the loading assembly and the traction rod is simple, the friction of the test device during the loading process is small, the load application is more accurate, the wear of the test device is smaller, and the fatigue life is longer.

[0024] Among them, the longitudinal connecting rods 52 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting ears 54, and each longitudinal connecting rod 52 is connected to a longitudinal loading assembly 3, the longitudinal loading assembly 3 includes a longitudinal cylinder 31 aligned with the longitudinal connecting rod, a longitudinal reaction seat 32 fixed to the tail end of the longitudinal cylinder 31 and a longitudinal force plate 33 fixed to the head end of the longitudinal cylinder 31, and the longitudinal force plate 33 is hinged to the free end of the longitudinal connecting rod 52. The longitudinal connecting rods 52 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting ears 54, and each longitudinal connecting rod 52 is connected to a longitudinal loading assembly 3, so that the longitudinal loading assemblies 3 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the traction rod 100. When the two longitudinal loading assemblies 3 synchronously apply longitudinal loads in the same direction, the traction rod is twisted, and when the two longitudinal loading assemblies 3 synchronously apply longitudinal loads in opposite directions, the traction rod is deflected. The torsion and deflection of the traction rod are both achieved by the two longitudinal loading assemblies, which simplifies the loading structure of the test device. In addition, the stress condition of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod formed by the deflection and torsion loads applied to the traction rod by the two symmetrically arranged longitudinal loading assemblies 3 is similar to the deflection and torsion condition of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod during actual load-bearing, and the fatigue life of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod can be effectively detected through experiments.

[0025] The transverse connecting rod 53 is connected to one end of the connecting arm 51, and the transverse loading assembly 4 includes a transverse oil cylinder 41 aligned with the transverse connecting rod 53, a transverse reaction seat 42 fixed to the tail end of the transverse oil cylinder 41, and a transverse force plate 43 fixed to the head end of the transverse oil cylinder 41, and the transverse force plate 43 is hinged to the free end of the transverse connecting rod 53. The transverse oil cylinder 41 is extended and retracted to drive the connecting arm 51 to move horizontally, so that the two traction rods are synchronously deflected laterally.

[0026] The vertical loading assembly 2 includes a gantry 21, a vertical oil cylinder 22 mounted on the gantry 21, a vertical force frame 23 fixed to the lower end of the vertical oil cylinder 22, and a guide beam 24 mounted on the gantry 21. The vertical force frame 23 guides and fits through the guide beam 23 to be fixedly connected to the upper mounting disc 55. The vertical force frame 23 drives the upper mounting disc 55 to rise under the guidance of the guide beam 24, so as to stretch the two traction rods 100, so that the ball joint at the end of the traction rod generates radial stretching, thereby forming radial tensile loading.

[0027] The present invention also protects a composite loading test method for a traction rod, which uses the above-mentioned composite loading test device for the traction rod to perform loading, and is characterized in that: the vertical loading component 2 applies a vertical tensile load to stretch the traction rod; the longitudinal loading component 3 applies a longitudinal load to twist or deflect the traction rod, and the transverse loading component 4 applies a transverse load to cause the traction rod to deflect laterally; at least two of the vertical loading component 2, the longitudinal loading component 3 and the transverse loading component 4 synchronously apply loads to the traction rod to form a composite loading on the traction rod.

[0028] In the above-described traction rod composite loading test method, the vertical loading component 2 pulls the traction rod 100 vertically to radially stretch the end ball joints of the two traction rods, the longitudinal loading component 3 applies a longitudinal load to twist or deflect the traction rod, and the transverse loading component 4 applies a transverse load to deflect the traction rod laterally. A multi-directional composite loading test can be performed according to the test requirements. The test loading condition is closer to the actual load-bearing condition of the traction rod, thereby realizing the fatigue performance test of the traction rod in the composite condition and improving the reliability of the test.

[0029] Among them, "the longitudinal loading assembly 3 applies a longitudinal load to cause the traction rod to twist or deflect" means that the two longitudinal loading assemblies 3 synchronously apply a longitudinal load in the same direction to cause the traction rod to twist, or the two longitudinal loading assemblies 3 synchronously apply a longitudinal load in the opposite direction to cause the traction rod to deflect. The longitudinal loading assemblies 3 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the traction rod. When the two longitudinal loading assemblies 3 synchronously apply a longitudinal load in the same direction, the traction rod twists, and when the two longitudinal loading assemblies 3 synchronously apply a longitudinal load in the opposite direction, the traction rod deflects. The twisting and deflection of the traction rod are both achieved by the two longitudinal loading assemblies 3, which simplifies the loading structure of the test device. The stress condition of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod formed by the deflection and torsion loads applied to the traction rod by the two symmetrically arranged longitudinal loading assemblies 3 is similar to the deflection and torsion condition of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod during actual load-bearing, and the fatigue life of the ball joint at the end of the traction rod can be effectively detected through the test.

[0030] The above is a complete description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A traction rod composite loading test device, comprising a test platform, on which are mounted a vertical loading component arranged vertically, a longitudinal loading component arranged horizontally longitudinally, and a transverse loading component arranged horizontally transversely, wherein the longitudinal loading component and the transverse loading component are vertically distributed, and characterized in that: Two traction rods arranged vertically are aligned and connected through a mounting frame, the traction rod of the upper layer is fixed to the vertical loading assembly, the traction rod of the lower layer is fixed to the test platform, the mounting frame is arranged horizontally, and the longitudinal loading assembly and the transverse loading assembly are respectively connected to the mounting frame; The mounting frame comprises a connecting arm arranged along a horizontal transverse direction, a longitudinal connecting rod arranged along a horizontal longitudinal direction, and a transverse connecting rod arranged along a horizontal transverse direction, the longitudinal connecting rod and the transverse connecting rod are respectively hinged to the connecting arm, the middle part of the connecting arm is provided with two vertically symmetrical connecting ears, a traction rod is fixed on each connecting ear, and the traction rod of the upper layer is fixed by an upper mounting disc vertical loading assembly, the traction rod of the lower layer is fixed to the test platform by a lower mounting disc, and the connecting ear, the upper mounting disc and the lower mounting disc are respectively fixed to the ball joint at the end of the traction rod; The longitudinal connecting rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting ears, and each longitudinal connecting rod is connected to a longitudinal loading assembly, which includes a longitudinal cylinder aligned with the longitudinal connecting rod, a longitudinal reaction seat fixed to the tail end of the longitudinal cylinder, and a longitudinal force plate fixed to the head end of the longitudinal cylinder, and the longitudinal force plate is hinged to the free end of the longitudinal connecting rod.

2. The traction rod composite loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse connecting rod is connected to one end of the connecting arm, and the transverse loading assembly includes a transverse cylinder aligned with the transverse connecting rod, a transverse reaction seat fixed to the tail end of the transverse cylinder, and a transverse force plate fixed to the head end of the transverse cylinder. The transverse force plate is hinged to the free end of the transverse connecting rod.

3. The traction rod composite loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical loading assembly includes a gantry, a vertical oil cylinder mounted on the gantry, a vertical force frame fixed to the lower end of the vertical oil cylinder and a guide beam mounted on the gantry. The guide of the vertical force frame passes through the guide beam and is fixedly connected to the upper mounting disc.

4. A traction rod composite loading test method, using the traction rod composite loading test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for loading, characterized in that: The vertical loading assembly applies a vertical tensile load to stretch the traction rod; the longitudinal loading assembly applies a longitudinal load to twist or deflect the traction rod, and the transverse loading assembly applies a transverse load to laterally deflect the traction rod; at least two of the vertical loading assembly, the longitudinal loading assembly and the transverse loading assembly synchronously apply loads to the traction rod to form a composite load on the traction rod.

5. The traction rod composite loading test method according to claim 4, characterized in that: "The longitudinal loading assembly applies a longitudinal load to twist or deflect the traction rod" means that two longitudinal loading assemblies synchronously apply longitudinal loads in the same direction to twist the traction rod, or two longitudinal loading assemblies synchronously apply longitudinal loads in opposite directions to deflect the traction rod.

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