Ecological restoration type shallow mineral exploitation equipment and method

Abstract

The application discloses an ecological restoration type shallow mineral resource mining equipment and method, and relates to the technical field of solid mineral resource mining.The equipment comprises a portal frame, a carrier bucket and a connecting rod assembly.The portal frame comprises a horizontal rod and two vertical rods, the two ends of the horizontal rod are connected with the upper ends of the two vertical rods respectively, and the lower ends of the two vertical rods are provided with pulleys.The carrier bucket is arranged between the two vertical rods and connected with the horizontal rod through the connecting rod assembly.The carrier bucket is used for mining and restoring the mining area during work.The application can meet the requirements of cost saving, production efficiency, mine reclamation, dust and noise reduction and the like according to the occurrence of the shallow mineral resource, and can also play a role in green ecological restoration of the surface damaged by the mining of the mineral resource.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid mineral resource mining technology, and in particular to an ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main methods for mining solid mineral resources are open-pit mining and underground mining. Open-pit mining requires the stripping of non-mineral resources covering the mineral resources, including the stripping of rock and soil. Modern open-pit mines facilitate the use of large-scale mining equipment, allowing for larger-scale operations and higher production efficiency. However, because open-pit mining requires the stripping of large amounts of rock and soil and the transportation of excess soil, the main challenges are as follows:

[0003] First, it requires a large number of technical personnel and transportation machinery, increasing mining costs. Second, the exposed surface after the stripping of rock and soil is not conducive to plant growth, leading to reclamation problems. Third, the slopes, even high slopes, formed by open-pit mining pose slope safety issues that threaten the safety of the mining area. Fourth, open-pit mining causes dust and noise pollution. Fifth, it consumes electrical energy during the open-pit mining process (e.g., nighttime lighting issues). Sixth, mineral resource extraction damages natural systems such as surface vegetation, causing ecological damage.

[0004] Underground mining is primarily suitable for mineral resources located at a certain depth below the surface. It requires substantial amounts of support equipment, such as timber and steel, and its production efficiency is generally lower than that of open-pit mining. Furthermore, underground mining is prone to causing surface subsidence. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of open-pit mining, this invention provides an ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment and method, which can take into account the needs of cost saving, production efficiency, mine reclamation, dust and noise reduction, etc., according to the occurrence of shallow mineral resources. Moreover, it can play a role in green ecological restoration of the surface damaged by mineral resource mining.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] Firstly, an ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment includes: a gantry frame, a transport bucket, and a connecting rod assembly;

[0008] The gantry frame includes a horizontal bar and two vertical bars. The two ends of the horizontal bar are respectively connected to the upper end of one of the vertical bars, and a pulley is installed at the lower end of each vertical bar.

[0009] The transport bucket is disposed between the two longitudinal bars, and the transport bucket is connected to the crossbar via the connecting rod assembly; the transport bucket is used to mine and restore the mining area during operation.

[0010] Optionally, the gantry frame includes an outer frame, an inner frame, and sound insulation material disposed between the outer frame and the inner frame; the sound insulation material includes a first sound insulation material filling the space between the outer frame and the inner frame, and a pair of zigzag-arranged second sound insulation materials disposed between the outer frame and the inner frame, wherein the first sound insulation material is wrapped around the outside of the second sound insulation material.

[0011] Optionally, a water mist spray pipe is provided on the vertical bar, and an air outlet is provided at the lower part of the water mist spray pipe, and an exhaust fan and an air filter are installed at the air outlet; an air inlet is provided on the horizontal bar, and an air intake fan is installed at the air inlet.

[0012] Optionally, the linkage assembly includes a connecting device, a transport frame linkage, a transport frame, and a transporter bucket suspension rope;

[0013] The crossbar is connected to one end of one of the multiple transport frame connecting rods via the connecting device, and the other end of the transport frame connecting rod is connected to the transport frame. The transport frame is connected to the transport machine bucket via the transport machine bucket suspension rope.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes a solar panel array, a power modulation circuit, and a rechargeable battery;

[0015] The solar panel array is positioned in a sunny location on the ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment; the solar panel array is connected to the rechargeable battery via an energy modulation circuit.

[0016] Optionally, it also includes a displacement deformation sensor; the displacement deformation sensor is used to monitor the amount of topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention provides an ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining method, comprising:

[0018] Based on the mining boundaries, the mining area to be mined is divided into several mining sub-areas;

[0019] The ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment described in the first aspect is used to sequentially mine the mining sub-area, so that the mining sub-area is converted into a mining void and the broken overburden and oversoil generated during the mining of the mining sub-area are placed near the mining void;

[0020] The broken overburden and the overburden are sequentially filled into the mined-out area, and vegetation is planted on the overburden for ecological restoration, thereby forming an ecological restoration area.

[0021] Optionally, it further includes: arranging multiple displacement deformation sensors on the ecological restoration area; the displacement deformation sensors are used to monitor the topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area;

[0022] When the displacement deformation sensor detects that the topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area is greater than a set threshold, the ecological restoration area is replenished with soil and replanted with vegetation.

[0023] Optionally, the mining process is as follows:

[0024] Starting from the first mining sub-area, the ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment advances along the track from one mining boundary line to the other. When it reaches the other mining boundary line, the ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment turns around and advances along the track from the other mining boundary line to one mining boundary line. This cycle is repeated until all mineral resources in the entire mining area are mined out.

[0025] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0026] The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment and method described in this invention are mainly applied to open-pit mining of shallow solid minerals. The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment mainly includes ventilation, noise reduction, dust removal, handling, and mobility devices, as well as solar power generation, storage, and lighting devices, and deformation and settlement monitoring devices. The mining method mainly includes sub-region division, simultaneous mining and ecological restoration, and an observation and decision-making system. Through the above-mentioned mining equipment and method, the needs for cost savings, production efficiency, mine reclamation, and dust and noise reduction can be met simultaneously. It can also play a role in the green ecological restoration of the surface damaged by mineral resource mining. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged view of the sound insulation material of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged view of the air outlet of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water mist spray pipe of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of solar energy utilization and lighting according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar panel of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement deformation sensor of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a top view of the displacement deformation sensor of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the integrated mining and ecological restoration of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] In view of the key challenges in traditional shallow underground mineral resource mining, this invention provides an ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment and method. The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment of this invention features simple structure, high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection, strong applicability, and ease of implementation. It is a mobile equipment that follows the distribution patterns of shallow buried solid mineral resources, enabling efficient mining, green energy saving, and environmental restoration. It effectively solves the problems of high dust and noise pollution, power supply, and vegetation ecological restoration in current mining equipment and methods, greatly improving engineering production efficiency, saving engineering costs, and allowing engineers to focus more on other key issues in their work.

[0042] The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment and method described in this invention are mainly applied to open-pit mining of shallow solid minerals. The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment mainly includes ventilation, noise reduction, dust removal, handling, and mobility devices, as well as solar power generation, storage, and lighting devices, and deformation and settlement monitoring devices. The mining method mainly includes sub-region division, simultaneous mining and ecological restoration, and observation and decision-making systems.

[0043] Key features of ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment:

[0044] (1) Different noise reduction materials are arranged in an alternating manner, and the reflection and refraction of the noise reduction materials are used to reduce the noise generated during the ore mining process.

[0045] (2) The ventilation method of "top in and bottom out" is adopted, with the air inlet at the top of the equipment and the air outlet at the bottom of the equipment.

[0046] (3) A double-sided spray dust removal method is adopted inside the equipment, and corresponding water mist spraying components are installed at the bottom of the equipment.

[0047] (4) The mining area is divided into several mining sub-areas according to production needs. At the same time, the concept of simultaneous mining and ecological restoration is adopted. The voids left by mining are filled by utilizing the fracture and swelling characteristics of overburden mining, and then covered with a certain thickness of topsoil for vegetation growth. Then, a certain number of displacement and deformation monitoring sensors are also deployed.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] This embodiment provides an ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining method, including:

[0050] First, based on the mining boundaries, the entire area to be mined is divided into several mining sub-regions. The number of mining sub-regions can be determined based on factors such as the approved mining plan cycle, mining efficiency, and mineral sales. For example, it can be divided into one mining sub-region, or two, three, or several other mining sub-regions. This provides the conditions for independent and simultaneous mining, thereby improving mining efficiency.

[0051] Secondly, ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment is used to sequentially mine sub-areas, so that the mining sub-area is converted into a mining void, and the broken overburden and overburden generated during the mining sub-area are placed near the mining void.

[0052] like Figure 1As shown, 1 is the boundary of shallow mineral resource mining, 2 is the ecological restoration shallow mineral resource mining equipment, 3, 4 and 8 are the tracks used by the ecological restoration shallow mineral resource mining equipment 2 when moving. In the specific operation process, tracks 3, 4 and 8 can be reused. 5 is the mining void formed after the mining of mineral resources. 10 is the area where the mineral resources have not yet been mined. 6 is the direction of movement of the ecological restoration shallow mineral resource mining equipment 2. 7 is the position where the ecological restoration shallow mineral resource mining equipment 2 changes mining direction after moving to the shallow mineral resource mining boundary 1. 9 is the ecological restoration shallow mineral resource mining equipment 2 working in another mining sub-area. 11 is the displacement deformation sensor deployed in the ecological restoration area to monitor ground subsidence.

[0053] Starting from the northernmost mining sub-area, the ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment 2 advances from right to left along tracks 3 and 4 from the right mining boundary line. When it reaches the left mining boundary line, the equipment turns around and advances from left to right along tracks 4 and 8 from the left mining boundary line. At this point, track 3 can be reinstalled to the next advancing position for reuse. Similarly, when the equipment reaches the right mining boundary line, it turns around and advances from right to left again, repeating this cycle until the mineral resources in the entire sub-area are mined out.

[0054] Next, the mined-out area is filled with broken overburden and topsoil in sequence, and plants are planted on the topsoil for ecological restoration, thus forming an ecological restoration area.

[0055] In the mined-out area, adjacent fractured overburden and topsoil are used for filling. The specific filling process is as follows: according to size, the largest rock blocks are filled to the bottom layer, and the smallest rock blocks are filled to the top layer. The volume of the rock blocks is directly proportional to the filling depth; that is, the larger the rock block, the deeper it needs to be filled, and the smaller the rock block, the shallower it needs to be filled. Furthermore, the soil and rock mass must be compacted after each filling depth. The compaction depth depends on the specific engineering conditions; for example, compaction can be performed every 200mm or 500mm. Finally, vegetation cover is laid on top of the filled overburden.

[0056] Finally, multiple displacement and deformation sensors are deployed in the ecological restoration area. These sensors are used to monitor the topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area. When the displacement and deformation sensors detect that the topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area is greater than a set threshold, soil replenishment and vegetation replanting operations are carried out in the ecological restoration area.

[0057] The displacement deformation sensors are spaced 5m x 5m apart, with each sensor buried 10cm below the surface in the soil. To ensure more accurate measurement of vertical displacement settlement, a flat, round balancing plate made of lightweight plastic and other materials is placed at the bottom of each sensor.

[0058] Assume that the number of displacement deformation sensors used to monitor vertical settlement of ground displacement is m×n, and the numbering of each displacement deformation sensor is in order from north to south and from left to right (e.g., ...). Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, the displacement deformation sensors are numbered sequentially from north to south (first row) and from left to right (left row to right): a. 11 a 12 , ..., a 1n (n≥1, and n∈Z); The displacement deformation sensors are numbered sequentially from left to right in the second row from north to south as a. 21 a 22 , ..., a 2n (n≥1, and n∈Z); The displacement deformation sensors are numbered sequentially from north to south in the i-th row and from left to right as a i1 a i2 , ..., a in (n≥1, and n∈Z; 1≤i≤m, and i∈Z); where m is the total number of columns from north to south. Therefore, in the last row from north to south, from left to right, the displacement deformation sensors are numbered a. m1 a m2 , ..., a mn (m≥1, and m∈Z). Here, for simplicity, this embodiment defines the condition for any sensor a at the same time. jk The measured vertical settlement is b. jk Then, the average vertical settlement of all displacement deformation sensors in the entire ecological vegetation restoration area is: Since the vertical subsidence differences in the entire ecological vegetation restoration area are the focus of this embodiment, the reference index selected in this embodiment is also relative. This index is derived from the value b measured by any specific sensor. jk Average value measured by all sensors The difference between Because different plant species require different amounts of stable soil for healthy root growth, the warning value of Δb... The plants planted for ecological restoration are related, such as alfalfa herbaceous plants, which can be used in this embodiment. The magnitude of soil subsidence in the ecological restoration area is also affected by factors such as weather. Therefore, under favorable weather conditions and without adverse engineering factors, this embodiment can increase the time interval ΔT of sensor sampling, which can be set to ΔT = 1 day. In case of severe conditions such as precipitation, the time interval of sensor sampling can be appropriately reduced, which can be set to ΔT = 0.2 days, so as to keep track of the soil subsidence in the ecological restoration area in a timely manner.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment provided in this embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes: gantry frame, conveyor bucket 19 and linkage assembly.

[0061] The gantry frame includes a horizontal bar and two vertical bars. The two ends of the horizontal bar are respectively connected to the upper end of one of the vertical bars, and a pulley is installed at the lower end of each vertical bar.

[0062] The transport bucket 19 is disposed between the two longitudinal bars, and the transport bucket 19 is connected to the crossbar via the connecting rod assembly; the transport bucket 19 is used to mine and restore the mining area during operation.

[0063] Furthermore, the gantry frame includes an outer frame 48, an inner frame 36, and sound insulation material disposed between the outer frame 48 and the inner frame 36. The sound insulation material includes a first sound insulation material 12 filling the space between the outer frame 48 and the inner frame 36, and a pair of zigzag-arranged second sound insulation materials 13 disposed between the outer frame 48 and the inner frame 36, with the first sound insulation material 12 wrapping around the second sound insulation materials 13.

[0064] The second sound insulation material 13 is used to reflect, refract, and dissipate the energy of mining noise. The first sound insulation material 12 is a porous material; the pores also absorb noise energy. The first sound insulation material 12 can be made of porous materials such as fiber materials, rock wool, and mineral wool. The second sound insulation material 13 is made into a pair of curved structures. The second sound insulation material 13 can be made of sound-absorbing and sound-absorbing materials such as gypsum and leather.

[0065] Taking a portion of the first sound insulation material 12 and the second sound insulation material 13, namely part 47, as an example, the part 47 is magnified, such as... Figure 3As shown, 51 is the pre-reserved hole in the outer frame 48, and 36 is the inner frame. Both the outer and inner frames are composed of reinforced concrete. At locations where load-bearing capacity increases, such as 35 where the transport frame base connects to the inner frame 36, additional reinforcement is required. The space between the outer frame 48 and the inner frame 36 is filled with a first sound insulation material 12. Two rows of second sound insulation materials 13 are arranged between the first sound insulation materials 12, and these two rows are arranged in a coupled manner. That is, each sound insulation structure consists of a sound insulation sub-unit 51 composed of a flat section 49 and a recessed section 50. On the same horizontal line, if a sound-absorbing structure near the inner frame 36 is a flat section, then a sound-absorbing structure near the outer frame 48 corresponds to a recessed section; conversely, if a sound-absorbing structure near the inner frame 36 is a recessed section, then a sound-absorbing structure near the outer frame 48 corresponds to a flat section.

[0066] Furthermore, a water mist spray pipe 14 is provided on the longitudinal bar, and an air outlet 15 is provided at the lower part of the water mist spray pipe 14. An exhaust fan and an air filter are installed at the air outlet 15. The water mist spray pipe 14 is used to dissipate dust generated during mining. An air inlet 16 is provided on the horizontal bar, and an air intake fan is installed at this location.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, the air outlet 15 mainly consists of an axial flow fan 57, a threaded guide rod 52, a first motor 58, a threaded motor shaft 53, a scraper blade 54, a first dust filter layer 55, and a second dust filter layer 56. The threaded guide rod 52 and the motor shaft 53 are threaded together, and the rotation of the motor shaft 53 causes the scraper blade 54 to move up and down via the threaded guide rod 52. When the first motor 58 rotates forward, the scraper blade 54 moves upward; when the first motor 58 rotates in the reverse direction, the scraper blade 54 moves downward. The forward and reverse rotations of the first motor 58 alternate, ensuring the reciprocating motion of the scraper blade 54. The first dust filter layer 55 and the second dust filter layer 56 are removable for cleaning, facilitating removal and cleaning when there is a lot of dust in the filter layers. The axial flow fan 57 can draw air passing through the second dust filter layer 56 to the outside of the mining equipment's outer frame 48.

[0068] The spray angle of the water mist spray pipe 14 is adjustable, as shown in the enlarged diagram below. Figure 5 As shown. The water mist spray pipe 14 is fixed to the support 60 via a support rod 59, and the support 60 is connected to the second motor 62 via a rotating shaft 61. When the second motor 62 rotates clockwise, the water mist spray pipe 14 rotates clockwise; when the second motor 62 rotates counterclockwise, the water mist spray pipe 14 rotates counterclockwise. Thus, the rotation of the second motor 62 controls the horizontal angle of the water mist spray pipe 14.

[0069] Furthermore, the linkage assembly includes a connecting device 35, a transport frame linkage 17, a transport frame 18, and a transporter bucket suspension rope 20.

[0070] The crossbar is connected to one end of one of the multiple transport frame connecting rods 17 via the connecting device 35, and the other end of the transport frame connecting rod 17 is connected to the transport frame 18. The transport frame 18 is connected to the transport machine bucket via the transport machine bucket suspension rope 20.

[0071] like Figure 6 As shown, 36 is the inner frame, 37 is the motion constraint guide rail of the transport frame, 38 is the shock-absorbing spring, 39 is the hollow cylindrical cavity with internal threads, 40 is the cylindrical cavity with external threads, 41 is the threaded connection between the hollow cylindrical cavity 39 with internal threads and the cylindrical cavity 40 with external threads, 42 is the third motor, 43 is the motor shaft, 44 is the transport frame base, 45 is the wheel with wireless control braking function, and 46 is the reserved hole for the transport frame connecting rod 17 to pass through.

[0072] When it is necessary to adjust the position of the conveyor bucket 19 perpendicular to the paper, the third motor 42 can be rotated in the forward direction, thereby driving the outer threaded cylindrical cavity 40 to rotate. This causes the inner threaded hollow cylindrical cavity 39 to move downward, resulting in the shock-absorbing spring 38 relaxing until it leaves the inner frame 36. At this time, the brake on the wheel 45 can be released wirelessly, allowing the wheel 45 to be in a free state. This allows the wheel 45 to drive the conveyor frame connecting rod 17 to move freely in the direction perpendicular to the ground to the position to be adjusted. To ensure the stability of the conveyor bucket 19 during operation, the wheel 45 needs to be braked wirelessly. Then, the third motor 42 is rotated in the reverse direction, driving the outer threaded cylindrical cavity 40 to rotate. This causes the inner threaded hollow cylindrical cavity 39 to move upward, resulting in the compression of the shock-absorbing spring 38 until it is tensioned between itself and the inner frame 36, ultimately achieving the purpose of fixing the conveyor frame connecting rod 17.

[0073] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of solar energy utilization and lighting. 27 is a solar panel array, deployed on the sun-facing upper, eastern, western, and southern parts of the shallow mineral resource mining equipment 2. The electrical energy generated by the solar panel array 27 is modulated by the power modulation circuit 28 and stored in the rechargeable battery 29. At night, the rechargeable battery 29 powers the lighting / warning light 30. The solar panel array 27 is composed of multiple independent solar panels 63 arranged together. The positive electrode 64 and negative electrode 65 of each independent solar panel are as follows... Figure 7 As shown, the positive and negative terminals of each independent solar panel are connected in series, and the rechargeable battery 29 is finally charged through the power modulation circuit 28.

[0074] like Figure 8As shown, solar panels 63 are installed on the four sun-facing sides of the outer frame 48 of the mining equipment, namely sides 66, 67, 68, and 69. During the day, sides 68 and 66 receive sunlight all day. Due to the sun's movement, side 69 does not receive sunlight in the afternoon, while side 67 receives sunlight only in the afternoon. Therefore, the duration of sunlight exposure differs for sides 66, 67, 68, and 69, and the power generation of each side is also different.

[0075] like Figure 9 and 10 The image shows the sensor and its accessories. Figure 10 for Figure 9 The bottom view. Among them, 31 is the balance plate, 32 is the sensor, 33 is the battery, and 34 is the balance column.

[0076] In this embodiment, a closed cavity is formed by a balance plate 31, and the sensor 32 and battery 33 are disposed within this cavity. Multiple balance columns 34 are arranged on the bottom surface of the cavity. The center of the upper surface of the cavity is O1, and the radius is r1. The multiple balance columns 34 form a circle with the center O2 and the radius r2.

[0077] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of integrated mining and ecological restoration. 21 represents the overlying rock of the ore, with a thickness of H1. 22 represents the usable ore portion to be mined, with a thickness of H2. 23 represents the lower rock layer of the ore, the portion not to be mined, with a thickness of H3. 24 represents the portion of the overlying rock 21 that has been broken up during mining and filled into the goaf, with a thickness of H4. Different types of rocks have different coefficients of fragmentation; for example, sand, clay, and crushed coal have a fragmentation coefficient of 1.06–1.2, while clay / sandy shale and hard sandstone have a fragmentation coefficient of 1.4–1.8. Therefore, the following relationship exists: H4 > H1, or H4 = (1.06–2.00)H1. To restore the topography before resource extraction and facilitate the growth of green vegetation, a vegetation soil layer 25 with a thickness of H5 needs to be placed on top of the rock fragmentation filling layer 24. Considering economic and ecological benefits and striving for conservation, the following thickness relationship generally applies: H4 + H5 ≤ H1 + H2. Green vegetation ecological restoration typically uses grasses, shrubs, and other species. Considering the particle size and water and fertilizer retention characteristics of the broken rock, it is recommended that H5 ≥ (30–50) mm. Therefore, (30–50) mm ≤ H5 ≤ (H1 + H2 - H4). 26 represents the green ecological restoration vegetation planted on the soil layer 25.

[0078] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0079] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment, characterized in that, include: Gantry frame, transporter bucket, and connecting rod assembly; The gantry frame includes a horizontal bar and two vertical bars. The two ends of the horizontal bar are respectively connected to the upper end of one of the vertical bars, and a pulley is installed at the lower end of each vertical bar. The transport bucket is disposed between the two longitudinal bars, and the transport bucket is connected to the crossbar via the connecting rod assembly; the transport bucket is used to mine and restore the mining area during operation; The linkage assembly includes a connecting device, a transport frame linkage, a transport frame, and a transporter bucket suspension rope; The crossbar is connected to one end of one of the multiple transport frame connecting rods via the connecting device, and the other end of the transport frame connecting rod is connected to the transport frame. The transport frame is connected to the transport bucket via the transport bucket suspension rope. The connecting device includes a transport frame motion constraint guide rail, a shock-absorbing spring, an internally threaded hollow cylindrical cavity, an externally threaded cylindrical cavity, a third motor, a motor shaft, a transport frame base, wheels with wireless control braking function, a reserved hole for the transport frame connecting rod to pass through, and a threaded connection between the internally threaded hollow cylindrical cavity and the externally threaded cylindrical cavity. The ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment also includes a displacement deformation sensor; the displacement deformation sensor is used to monitor the topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area. The gantry frame includes an outer frame, an inner frame, and sound insulation material disposed between the outer frame and the inner frame; the sound insulation material includes a first sound insulation material filling the space between the outer frame and the inner frame, and a pair of zigzag-arranged second sound insulation materials disposed between the outer frame and the inner frame, wherein the first sound insulation material is wrapped around the outside of the second sound insulation material. The second sound insulation material is used to reflect, refract, and dissipate the energy of mining noise. The first sound insulation material is a porous sound insulation material, and the pores are used to absorb noise energy. The second sound insulation material is made into a pair of curved structures. The outer frame has pre-drilled holes, and the space between the outer frame and the inner frame is filled with a first sound insulation material. Two rows of second sound insulation materials are arranged between the first sound insulation materials, and the two rows of second sound insulation materials are arranged in a coupling manner. That is, each sound insulation structure is composed of a sound insulation sub-unit consisting of a flat part and a concave part. On the same horizontal line, if a sound absorption structure near the inner frame is a flat part, then a sound absorption structure near the outer frame is a concave part; if a sound absorption structure near the inner frame is a concave part, then a sound absorption structure near the outer frame is a flat part. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the conveyor bucket perpendicular to the paper surface, the third motor rotates in the forward direction, thereby driving the outer threaded cylindrical cavity to rotate, causing the inner threaded hollow cylindrical cavity to move downward, resulting in the shock-absorbing spring relaxing until it leaves the inner frame.

2. The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water mist spray pipe is provided on the vertical bar, and an air outlet is provided at the lower part of the water mist spray pipe. An exhaust fan and an air filter are installed at the air outlet. An air inlet is provided on the horizontal bar, and an air intake fan is installed at the air inlet.

3. The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes solar panel arrays, power modulation circuits, and rechargeable batteries; The solar panel array is positioned in a sunny location on the ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment; the solar panel array is connected to the rechargeable battery via an energy modulation circuit.

4. The ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a displacement deformation sensor; the displacement deformation sensor is used to monitor the amount of topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area.

5. A method for ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining, characterized in that, include: Based on the mining boundaries, the mining area to be mined is divided into several mining sub-areas; The ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment according to any one of claims 1-4 is used to sequentially mine the mining sub-area, so that the mining sub-area is converted into a mining void and the broken overburden and oversoil generated during the mining of the mining sub-area are placed near the mining void; The broken overburden and the overburden are sequentially filled into the mined-out area, and vegetation is planted on the overburden for ecological restoration, thereby forming an ecological restoration area.

6. The method for ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple displacement and deformation sensors are deployed in the ecological restoration area; The displacement deformation sensor is used to monitor the topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area; When the displacement deformation sensor detects that the topsoil settlement in the ecological restoration area is greater than a set threshold, the ecological restoration area is replenished with soil and replanted with vegetation.

7. The method for ecological restoration-type shallow mineral mining according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mining process is as follows: Starting from the first mining sub-area, the ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment advances along the track from one mining boundary line to the other. When it reaches the other mining boundary line, the ecological restoration shallow mineral mining equipment turns around and advances along the track from the other mining boundary line to one mining boundary line. This cycle is repeated until all mineral resources in the entire mining area are mined out.

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