A device for accurately placing a surgical auxiliary tube under visual control of the brain

Abstract

A device for accurately placing a surgical auxiliary tube under transcranial brain visualization, comprising a base, a mirror barrel of a neuroendoscope connected with the base, an imaging end and a neuroendoscope light source input end, and the imaging end and the neuroendoscope light source input end are located on the same side of the base, a positioning disc is connected through a connecting seat B and a connecting seat A, a correction instrument is further arranged on the connecting seat A, and the correction instrument is located below the positioning disc, a threaded sleeve is arranged on the positioning disc, and the threaded sleeve is connected with a surgical channel mechanism, a fine drainage tube loading mechanism or a coarse drainage tube. The combined neuroendoscope and channel body can realize timely observation of intracranial conditions while inserting and sending the channel body, has small trauma, can achieve the standard of micro-invasion, saves manpower, is simple to operate, does not need the assistance of others, and can be operated by a single person, avoiding accidents caused by cooperation of multiple people.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical assistive device technology, specifically to a device for accurately placing surgical assistive tubes under transcranial visualization. Background Technology

[0002] For minimally invasive cerebral hemorrhage evacuation surgery, the lack of a precise positioning device means that current instruments suffer from blind insertion and removal, meaning doctors cannot see the puncture process or the specific condition of the intracranial hematoma and can only visually assess it. This increases the uncertainty of the surgery. Without a precise positioning device, the accuracy of placement direction and depth cannot be guaranteed. The neuroendoscope cannot be inserted simultaneously with the channel body and drainage tube, making it impossible to confirm whether the placement is completely in line with requirements, and to determine the fine structures around the lesion and within the ventricles. After clearly seeing these structures, some minor adjustments can be made to better meet the requirements of the surgery. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that allows for accurate placement of surgical auxiliary tubes under transcranial visualization to complete related surgeries. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a device for accurately placing surgical auxiliary tubes under transcranial visualization. The device includes a base, a neuroendoscopy tube, an imaging end, and a neuroendoscopy light source input end connected to the base. The imaging end and the neuroendoscopy light source input end are located on the same side of the base. The base is also connected to a positioning plate via connecting seat B and connecting seat A. A calibration device is also provided on connecting seat A, and the calibration device is located below the positioning plate. The positioning plate is provided with a threaded sleeve, which connects to a surgical channel mechanism, a thin drainage tube loading mechanism, or a thick drainage tube.

[0004] The calibration instrument includes a housing, a display screen, a distance measuring mechanism, an angle measuring mechanism, a crosshair calibration mechanism, and a control system. The distance measuring mechanism is located at the top of the housing, the angle measuring mechanism is located inside the housing, and the display screen is located at the bottom of the housing. The display screen, the angle measuring mechanism, and the distance measuring mechanism are electrically connected to the control system, which is located inside the housing. The housing is mounted on a rotating frame, and the rotating frame has a crosshair calibration mechanism around its perimeter. The crosshair calibration mechanism consists of four inverted L-shaped supports with light sources, arranged in pairs and facing each other. Each inverted L-shaped support includes a rear arm, a forearm, and a fine-tuning head. The forearm is inserted inside the rear arm, and the forearm is aligned with... The rear arm has an anti-rotation structure on its contact surface and a limiting fixing pin. The forearm is connected to a fine-tuning head, which includes a hollow sphere with a strip-shaped opening and slide grooves on both sides of the opening. A sliding plate is provided in the slide groove and can cover the strip-shaped opening. A light source tube is provided on the sliding plate. The light source on the inverted L-shaped bracket is connected to the control system. The rotating frame is fitted onto the connecting seat A with a damping sleeve. The connecting seat A and the rotating frame are fixed by a plug. The distance measuring mechanism is an infrared distance measuring device connected to the control system. The angle measuring mechanism is an tilt sensor connected to the control system.

[0005] The positioning disk has a hollow structure and includes a positioning disk shell. The positioning disk shell has four arc-shaped positioning arms that form a bowl shape. Each positioning arm has two positioning holes, including a distal positioning hole and a proximal positioning hole. The proximal positioning hole is close to the positioning disk. The lower end of the positioning disk has a positioning light source inlet on the connecting seat A. The positioning light source inlet connects the inner cavity of the positioning disk and the distal and proximal positioning holes on the positioning arms. An optical fiber is inserted into the positioning light source inlet and extends to the distal and proximal positioning holes.

[0006] The surgical channel mechanism includes a channel body, an inner core, and a rotary fixing joint. The end of the rotary fixing joint is threadedly connected to a threaded sleeve on a positioning plate. A raised edge is embedded inside the front end of the rotary fixing joint. The raised edge and the inner core are an integral structure. The inner core includes an expansion part and a core body. The core body is provided with a support mechanism for the expansion part, an endoscope channel, and an irrigation tube. The support mechanism is wrapped around the outside of the endoscope channel. An irrigation port is provided on the side wall of the front part of the irrigation tube. A limiter is provided at the connection between the inner core and the channel body. Scale lines are provided on the outer wall of the channel body.

[0007] The support mechanism includes a support frame, a sleeve, and a switch. The support frame consists of multiple sets of three-section umbrella ribs. The upper end of the support frame is fixed to the edge of the endoscope tube by a pin, and the lower end is fixed to the lower edge of the expansion section by a pin. Adjacent umbrella ribs are connected by opposing ball joints. The middle umbrella rib is connected to a telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the sleeve. The sleeve has a strip groove, and a limiting block is provided in the strip groove. The limiting block is located on the endoscope tube, and the sleeve is located outside the endoscope tube. The sleeve also has a switch that passes through the limiting groove on the core. An upper spring is provided between the upper end face of the sleeve and the top of the expansion section, and the upper spring is sleeved on the endoscope tube. A lower spring is provided between the lower end of the sleeve and the core. The elastic force of the upper spring is greater than that of the lower spring.

[0008] The limiter includes a limit shaft, a handle, a spring, an arc-shaped frame, and a clamping part. The clamping part has a C-shaped cross-section and is clamped at the junction of the inner core and the channel body by the edge of the C-shaped structure. The clamping part is also connected to the arc-shaped frame. The arc-shaped frame and the handle are an integral structure and are fixed to the inner core by the limit shaft. A spring is provided between the inner core and the handle.

[0009] Another structure of the limiter includes a connecting rod on the inner core. The connecting rod is inverted L-shaped and has a semi-circular groove. The semi-circular groove corresponds to a semi-circular protrusion. The semi-circular protrusion has a hook-shaped pull rod. The hook-shaped pull rod passes through a C-shaped hook and connects to a button. The button has a hook, and the hook is limited within the C-shaped hook. A return spring is provided between the C-shaped hook and the button, and the return spring is sleeved on the hook-shaped pull rod. The channel body has a groove, and the groove corresponds to the hook part of the hook-shaped pull rod. The hook part of the hook-shaped pull rod is precisely embedded in the groove.

[0010] The aforementioned thin drainage tube loading mechanism includes a main body with a waist-shaped cross-section. The main body has opposing arc-shaped slots, and the opposing arc-shaped slots respectively provide a neuroendoscopy channel and a thin drainage tube channel. One end of the neuroendoscopy channel is connected to a positioning plate via a connector. The main body is provided with an arc-shaped sliding cover and a limiting cover, with a gap between the sliding cover and the limiting cover. The arc-shaped sliding cover is connected to the main body via a push-pull groove. One side of the limiting cover is connected to the main body via an external hinge, and the limiting cover is connected to the other side of the main body via a snap-fit. The thin drainage tube and the neuroendoscopy are an integrated structure.

[0011] The arc-shaped sliding cover is provided with a handle, and the inner wall of the limiting cover is provided with an arc-shaped rubber pad.

[0012] The end of the coarse drainage tube is fitted onto the connecting thread of the positioning plate. The front end of the coarse drainage tube is provided with an annular retaining edge. The annular retaining edge cooperates with a retaining ring. The retaining ring abuts against the annular retaining edge. The retaining ring is fixed to the front part of the neuroendoscope by threads. The front end face of the neuroendoscope is kept horizontal with the front end face of the coarse drainage tube, and the neuroendoscope is perfectly embedded in the annular retaining edge.

[0013] A positioning method for a device for accurately placing surgical auxiliary tubes under transcranial visualization: First, based on the scan results of a head CT scan, determine the approximate puncture point and puncture path on the head, and apply granular silicone patches to an expanded area of ​​the scalp around the puncture point and puncture path.

[0014] Step 2: Head CT 3D scan;

[0015] The third step involves using the 3D SLICER software to create three mutually perpendicular planes centered on the lesion: the transverse plane, the coronal plane, and the sagittal plane. When one plane is rotated, the other two planes also rotate relative to each other, but the three planes are always mutually perpendicular. Depending on the puncture requirements, select two mutually perpendicular planes. The intersection line of the two planes is the puncture path. Import the scan data into the 3D SLICER software to determine the puncture point, puncture path, depth of entry, and the intersection line between the selected plane and the granular silicone patch on the scalp. Mark the intersection line on the scalp with a marker.

[0016] Step 4: The linear light source emitted by the four positioning arms on the positioning plate coincides with the marking line on the scalp. Since the marking line on the scalp is a curve, the coincidence is equivalent to the extension of the plane determined by the 3D SLICER software. The channel body and drainage tube are located precisely at the intersection of the two light planes determined by the four positioning arms, which is exactly on the extension line of the puncture path determined by the 3D SLICER software. The extension and retraction of the forearm and hind arm can adjust the position of the calibration mark, while avoiding the positioning arms on the positioning plate blocking the light emitted by the fine-tuning head. The fine-tuning head can adjust the calibration mark to the appropriate position, ensuring that the light emitted by the fine-tuning head on the opposite side forms a continuous positioning mark. Finally, while ensuring that the puncture path remains unchanged, the surgeon's posture is adjusted by measuring the light emitted by the calibration instrument and the puncture angle, so that the surgeon is in a comfortable position for the operation. By following the above method, the channel body and drainage tube can be accurately placed in the predetermined position.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a device for accurately placing surgical auxiliary tubes under transcranial visualization is proposed, which has the following advantages: 1. The internal structure of the lesion and the lateral ventricle can be seen under the action of neuroendoscopy within the lesion and lateral ventricle.

[0018] 2. The combined neuroendoscopy and access module allow for timely observation of the intracranial situation while simultaneously inserting the access module, with minimal trauma, meeting the standards of minimally invasive procedures.

[0019] 3. Saves manpower, is easy to operate, requires no assistance from others, can be operated by a single person, and avoids unexpected situations that may occur when multiple people are working together.

[0020] 4. Reduced treatment costs (hospital stay, resulting in lower surgical procedures).

[0021] 5. The positioning disc can achieve accurate positioning. Through the arc-shaped positioning arm with distal and proximal positioning holes on the positioning disc, precise positioning can be achieved based on the patient's head data. The distal positioning hole determines the position of the proximal positioning, and the proximal positioning hole can achieve a more accurate puncture point and the close range around the puncture point. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the surgical channel mechanism in this invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the surgical channel mechanism in this invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the surgical channel mechanism in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the surgical channel mechanism and limiter structure in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the coarse drainage tube in this invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped calibration mechanism.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting cover opening state of the fine drainage tube loading mechanism in this invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the loading mechanism for the fine drainage tube in this invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the thin drainage tube loading mechanism in this invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the opposing ball joint structure in this invention.

[0033] Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the opposing ball joint structure in this invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the injector structure.

[0035] Figure 14 Diagram showing the usage status of a single positioning hole.

[0036] Figure 15 Usage status diagram using near-end and far-end positioning.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Relative arc-shaped septum; 2. Neuroendoscope; 3. Positioning disc; 31. Threaded sleeve; 32. Positioning disc housing; 33. Distal positioning hole; 34. Positioning support arm; 35. Proximal positioning hole; 36. Positioning light source inlet end. 4. Connector A; 5. Surgical channel mechanism; 51. Irrigation port; 52. Endoscopic tube; 53. Inner core; 54. Channel body; 55. Irrigation tube; 56. Limiter; 561. Limiting shaft; 562. Handle; 563. Spring; 564. Arc frame; 565. Clamping part; 56-1. Protrusion; 56-2. Hook-type pull rod; 56-3. C-shaped hook; 56-4. Reset spring; 56-5. Button; 56-6. Hook; 56-7. Groove; 56-8. Connecting rod; 57. Rotary fixed joint; 58. Protruding edge; 59. Support mechanism; 591. Support frame; 592. Upper spring; 593. Opposing ball joint structure; 5931. Rotating ball; 5932. Opening groove; 5933. Limiting ring; 594. Tube sleeve; 595 596. Limiting block; 597. Strip groove; 598. Limiting groove; 599. Switch; 590. Lower spring; 7. Base; 8. Calibrator; 81. Housing; 82. Display screen; 83. Insert; 84. Angle measuring mechanism; 85. Distance measuring mechanism; 86. Rotating frame; 87. Fine adjustment head; 871. Slide groove; 872. Slider; 873. Opening; 874. Light source tube; 88. Forearm; 89. Rear arm; 9. Imaging end; 10. Neuroendoscopy light source input end; 11. Connecting seat B; 12. Connecting head; 13. Neuroendoscopy channel; 14. Push-pull groove; 15. Rubber pad; 16. Thin drainage tube loading mechanism; 17. Sliding cover; 18. Limiting cover; 19. Thin drainage tube; 20. Coarse drainage tube; 201. Annular retaining edge; 202. Retaining ring. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate this embodiment, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0039] Example 1, as shown in the figure: A device for accurately placing surgical auxiliary tubes under transcranial visualization includes a base 7, and a neuroendoscopy tube, an imaging end 9, and a neuroendoscopy light source input end 10 connected to the base 7. The imaging end 9 and the neuroendoscopy light source input end 10 are located on the same side of the base 7. The base 7 is also connected to a positioning plate 3 via a connecting seat B11 and a connecting seat A4. A calibration device 8 is also provided on the connecting seat A4, and the calibration device 8 is located below the positioning plate 3. The positioning plate 3 is provided with a threaded sleeve 31, which is connected to a surgical channel mechanism 5, a thin drainage tube 19 loading mechanism 16, or a thick drainage tube 20. Under the action of the neuroendoscopy 2, the internal structure of the lesion and the structure of the lateral ventricle can be seen.

[0040] The calibrator 8 includes a housing 81, a display screen 82, a distance measuring mechanism 85, an angle measuring mechanism 84, a cross calibration mechanism, and a control system. The distance measuring mechanism 85 is located at the top of the housing 81, and the angle measuring mechanism 84 is located inside the housing 81. The display screen 82 is located at the bottom of the housing 81. The display screen 82, the angle measuring mechanism 84, and the distance measuring mechanism 85 are electrically connected to the control system, which is located inside the housing 81. The housing 81 is located on a rotating frame 86, and the rotating frame 86 has four cross calibration mechanisms arranged around its perimeter. Two opposing inverted L-shaped brackets with light sources are provided. Each inverted L-shaped bracket includes a rear arm 89, a front arm 88, and a fine-tuning head 87. The front arm 88 is inserted within the rear arm 89, and an anti-rotation structure is provided on the contact surface between the front arm 88 and the rear arm 89. The rear arm 89 is provided with a limiting fixing pin. The front arm 88 is connected to the fine-tuning head 87. The fine-tuning head 87 includes a hollow sphere with a strip-shaped opening 873. Slide grooves 871 are provided on both sides of the strip-shaped opening 873. Sliding pieces 872 are provided within the slide grooves 871, and the sliding pieces 872 can cover the strip-shaped opening 873. The 2nd mounting plate is equipped with a light source tube 874. The extension and retraction of the forearm 88 and rear arm 89 can adjust the position of the calibration mark, while preventing the positioning support arm 34 on the positioning plate 3 from blocking the light emitted by the fine-tuning head 87. The fine-tuning head 87 can adjust the calibration mark to an appropriate position, ensuring that the light emitted by the fine-tuning head 87 on the opposite side forms a continuous positioning mark. The light source on the inverted L-shaped bracket is connected to the control system. The rotating frame 86 is fitted onto the connecting seat A4 with a damping sleeve. The connecting seat A4 and the rotating frame 86 are fixed by a plug 83. The distance measuring mechanism 85 is an infrared distance measuring device connected to the control system. The angle measurement... Mechanism 84 is a tilt sensor connected to the control system. The distance measuring mechanism 85 is an infrared distance measuring device connected to the control system, and the infrared distance measuring device is model CJY-01. The angle measuring mechanism 84 is a tilt sensor connected to the control system, and the tilt sensor is a three-axis tilt sensor with RS485 signal output. Through the distance measuring mechanism 85 and the angle measuring mechanism 84, the insertion distance and tilt angle can be measured simultaneously and displayed on the display screen 82, providing ultra-high precision for the operation. Moreover, the insertion plug 83 and the rotating frame 86 can realize rotation and fixation, which is convenient for use.

[0041] The light source on the inverted L-shaped bracket is a laser lamp or light transmitted by optical fiber. The light emitted by both forms a "I"-shaped light source plane, which is on the same plane as the light source plane emitted by the opposite inverted L-shaped bracket, and is perpendicular to the light source plane formed by the other two opposite inverted L-shaped brackets.

[0042] The cross-shaped calibration mechanism comprises three inverted L-shaped supports located on the rotating frame 87 and another on the housing 81, forming a symmetrical structure with one of them. The cross-shaped calibration mechanism further adjusts the angle range for easier visual inspection, while the angle measuring mechanism 84 records more precise data. Together, they enhance surgical safety and significantly improve the success rate.

[0043] The positioning disk 3 is a hollow structure, comprising a positioning disk housing 32, on which four arc-shaped positioning arms 34 are provided, forming a bowl shape. Each positioning arm 34 has two positioning holes, including a distal positioning hole 33 and a proximal positioning hole 35. The proximal positioning hole 35 is close to the positioning disk 3. The lower end of the positioning disk 3 has a positioning light source inlet end 36 on the connecting seat A4. The positioning light source inlet end 36 connects the inner cavity of the positioning disk 3 and the distal positioning hole 33 and the proximal positioning hole 35 on the positioning arm 34. An optical fiber is inserted into the positioning light source inlet end 36 and extends to the distal positioning hole 33 and the proximal positioning hole 35. Each arc-shaped positioning arm 34 has at least two positioning holes, and the light source of the positioning hole can be replaced with an independent linear laser light source.

[0044] The distal positioning hole 33 and proximal positioning hole 35 on each positioning arm 34 are in a straight line, and the light plane emitted from them is on the same plane as the positioning arm 34. They are also on the same plane as the light plane emitted from the opposing positioning arm 34, as well as the light plane emitted from the distal positioning hole 33 and proximal positioning hole 35 on the positioning arm 34, and are perpendicular to the light plane emitted from the positioning holes of the other two opposing positioning arms 34.

[0045] The surgical channel mechanism 5 includes a channel body 54, an inner core 53, and a rotary fixing joint 57. The end of the rotary fixing joint 57 is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve 31 on the positioning plate 3. The front end of the rotary fixing joint 57 has a protruding edge 58 embedded inside. The protruding edge 58 and the inner core 53 are an integral structure. The inner core 53 includes an expansion part and a core body. The core body is provided with a support mechanism 59 for the expansion part, an endoscope tube 52, and an irrigation tube 55. The support mechanism 59 is wrapped around the endoscope tube 52. The side wall of the front part of the irrigation tube 55 is provided with an irrigation port 51. The end of the irrigation tube 55 is connected to an injection device. A limiter 56 is provided at the connection between the inner core 53 and the channel body 54. The outer wall of the channel body 54 is provided with scale lines. The surgical channel mechanism 5 can be easily fixed on the positioning plate 3 by rotating the fixing joint 57. Fixation can be achieved without rotating the entire surgical channel mechanism 5. In addition, the combined neuroendoscopy and channel body 54 can be used to observe the intracranial condition in a timely manner while inserting the channel body 54. Moreover, the trauma is small and can meet the standard of minimal invasiveness.

[0046] The support mechanism 59 is used to expand the membrane at the front end of the inner core 53. The support mechanism 59 includes a support frame 591, a sleeve 594, and a switch 598. The support frame 591 is composed of multiple sets of three-section umbrella ribs. The upper end of the support frame 591 is fixed to the edge of the endoscope tube 52 by a pin, and the lower end is fixed to the lower edge of the expansion part by a pin. Adjacent umbrella ribs are connected by opposing ball joint structures 593. The middle umbrella rib is connected to a telescopic rod. The telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the sleeve 594. The sleeve 594 is provided with a strip groove 596. The strip groove 596 is provided with a limiting block 595, which is located on the endoscope tube 52. The tube sleeve 594 is located outside the endoscope tube 52. The tube sleeve 594 is also provided with a switch 598, which passes through the limiting groove 597 on the core. An upper spring 592 is provided between the upper end face of the tube sleeve and the top of the expansion part. The upper spring 592 is sleeved on the endoscope tube 52. A lower spring 599 is provided between the lower end of the tube sleeve 594 and the core. The elastic force of the upper spring 592 is greater than that of the lower spring 599.

[0047] The opposing ball joint structure 593 includes two hollow cylindrical shells connected by threads. The shells have opening slots 5932 on their opposite side walls. The distance between the opening slots 5932 is greater than the width of the umbrella ribs. The ends of the shells are provided with limiting rings 5933, which are integral with the shells. The shells contain rotating balls 5931, which are connected to the umbrella ribs.

[0048] The limiting device 56 includes a limiting shaft 561, a pinch handle 562, a spring 563, an arc-shaped frame 564, and a clamping part 565. The clamping part 565 has a C-shaped cross-section and is clamped at the junction of the inner core 53 and the channel body 54 by the edge of the C-shaped structure. The clamping part 565 is also connected to the arc-shaped frame 564. The arc-shaped frame 564 and the pinch handle 562 are an integral structure and are fixed to the inner core 53 by the limiting shaft 561. A spring 563 is provided between the inner core 53 and the pinch handle 562 to facilitate the separation of the channel body 54 from the inner core 53. The operation is simple and easy to complete. During the separation process, pinching the pinch handle 562 with two fingers causes the arc-shaped frame 564 to expand outward, and finally the clamping part 565 successfully separates from the junction of the inner core 53 and the channel body 54.

[0049] Another structure of the limiter 56 includes a connecting rod 56-8 on the inner core 53. The connecting rod 56-8 is inverted L-shaped and has a semi-circular groove. The semi-circular groove corresponds to a semi-circular protrusion 56-1. The semi-circular protrusion 56-1 is attached to a hook-shaped pull rod 56-2. The hook-shaped pull rod 56-2 passes through a C-shaped hook 56-3 and connects to a button 56-5. The button 56-5 has a hook 56-6, which is limited within the C-shaped hook 56-3. A return spring 56-4 is provided between the C-shaped hook 56-3 and the button 56-5, and the return spring 56-4 is sleeved on the hook-shaped pull rod 56-2. The channel body 54 has a horizontal groove 56-7, which corresponds to the hook part of the hook-shaped pull rod 56-2. The hook part of the hook-shaped pull rod 56-2 is precisely embedded in the horizontal groove 56-7.

[0050] The thin drainage tube 19 loading mechanism 16 includes a main body with a waist-shaped cross-section. The main body has a relatively arc-shaped partition 1, and the relatively arc-shaped partition 1 has a neuroendoscopy channel 13 and a thin drainage tube 19 channel respectively. One end of the neuroendoscopy channel 13 is connected to the positioning plate 3 through a connector 12. The main body is provided with an arc-shaped sliding cover 17 and a limiting cover 18. There is a gap between the arc-shaped sliding cover 17 and the limiting cover 18. The arc-shaped sliding cover 17 is connected to the main body through a push-pull groove 14. One side of the limiting cover 18 is connected to the main body through an external hinge. The limiting cover 18 is connected to the other side of the main body through a snap fastener. The thin drainage tube 19 and the neuroendoscopy are integrated into a single structure, and the structure is compact. Moreover, the arc-shaped sliding cover 17 and the limiting cover 18 facilitate the retention of the thin drainage tube 19.

[0051] The arc-shaped sliding cover 17 is provided with a handle, and the inner wall of the limiting cover 18 is provided with an arc-shaped rubber pad to facilitate the fixation of the thin drainage tube 19 during insertion.

[0052] The end of the coarse drainage tube 20 is fitted onto the connecting thread of the positioning plate 3. An annular retaining edge 201 is provided inside the front end of the coarse drainage tube 20. The annular retaining edge 201 engages with a retaining ring 202, which abuts against the annular retaining edge 201. The retaining ring 202 is fixed to the front part of the neuroendoscope by threads. The front end face of the neuroendoscope is horizontal with the front end face of the coarse drainage tube 20, and the neuroendoscope is precisely embedded within the annular retaining edge 201. The retaining ring 202 is a detachable structure, generally employing an embedded slot structure.

[0053] A positioning method for a device for accurately placing surgical auxiliary tubes under transcranial visualization: First, based on the scan results of a head CT scan, determine the approximate puncture point and puncture path on the head, and apply granular silicone patches to an expanded area of ​​the scalp around the puncture point and puncture path.

[0054] Step 2: Head CT 3D scan;

[0055] The third step involves using the 3D SLICER software to generate three mutually perpendicular planes centered on the lesion: the transverse plane, the coronal plane, and the sagittal plane. When one plane is rotated, the other two planes also rotate relative to each other, but the three planes are always mutually perpendicular. Depending on the puncture requirements, select two mutually perpendicular planes. The intersection line of the two planes is the puncture path. Import the scan data into the 3D SLICER software to determine the puncture point, puncture path, depth of entry, and the intersection line between the selected plane and the granular silicone patch on the scalp. The layout of the granular silicone patch is not limited to the one shown in the figure; it can be distributed according to actual needs. Mark the intersection line on the scalp with a marker.

[0056] Fourth step: The linear light source emitted by the four positioning arms on the positioning plate 3 coincides with the marking line on the scalp. Since the marking line on the scalp is a curve, the coincidence is equivalent to the extension of the plane determined by the 3D SLICER software. The channel body 54 and the drainage tube are exactly located at the intersection line of the two light planes determined by the four positioning arms 34, which is exactly on the extension line of the puncture path determined by the 3D SLICER software. The extension and retraction of the forearm 88 and the rear arm 89 can adjust the position of the correction mark, and at the same time, it can prevent the positioning arms 34 on the positioning plate 3 from blocking the light emitted by the fine adjustment head 87. The fine adjustment head 87 can adjust the correction mark to an appropriate position to ensure that the positioning mark is continuous with the light emitted by the fine adjustment head 87 on the opposite side. Finally, while ensuring that the puncture path remains unchanged, the surgeon's posture is adjusted by measuring the light emitted by the calibrator 8 and the puncture angle, so that the surgeon is in a comfortable position to perform the surgery. By following the above method, the channel body 54 and the drainage tube can be accurately placed in the predetermined position.

[0057] Using 3D slicer software, the puncture point, puncture path, and depth of insertion are designed based on the location of the lesion and the ventricle to be punctured. The 3D slicer software can display transverse, coronal, and sagittal planes, all three of which are perpendicular to each other. Two commonly used planes are the sagittal and coronal planes and their intersection lines, or the sagittal and transverse planes and their intersection lines. It can also display surface landmarks and the intersection lines of the three planes. Using a marker, the required intersection lines of the coronal and sagittal planes are drawn on the surface. The intersection point is the puncture point. The depth of insertion through this point can be determined using 3D software. The corresponding function of the slicer software measures that the markings on the body surface are actually curves, which represent a plane. Therefore, the puncture point, puncture path, and insertion depth can be designed using this software. When the two intersecting planes emitted by the positioning part of this invention coincide with the markings on the body surface, it ensures that the center lines of the required placement channel body 54, coarse drainage tube 20, and fine drainage tube are on the same straight line as the preset path. When the scales on the channel body 54 and the fine drainage tube are consistent with the preset insertion depth, the channel body 54 and the fine drainage tube have achieved the ideal placement position, which is theoretically error-free. After the positioning line emitted from the distal positioning hole 33 coincides with the marker line determined by the 3D slicer software on the body surface, the puncture point and puncture direction can be determined. After the positioning line emitted from the proximal positioning port 35 is projected onto the body surface, the proximal body surface marking line and the puncture point on the body surface can be marked with a marker.

[0058] The depth of insertion can be measured by the calibration instrument 8 and displayed on the screen 82. The scalp above the upper quadrant, external auditory canal, zygomatic arch, and upper orbital margin is closely attached to the skull, with limited mobility. When performing cerebellar or brainstem surgery, it is necessary to pass through the skin of the neck below the superior nuchal line, the skin of the neck, and the muscles beneath it. The positional relationship between the skin and skull varies depending on the head position, making localization relatively difficult. Therefore, there are two methods for locating hematomas in the supratentorial and infratentorial regions of the cerebellum. First, for supratentorial hematomas, the puncture point and direction can be determined through the proximal positioning hole 35, and the insertion depth can be measured using 3Dslicer software. Second, for infratentorial hematomas, the distal surface markings can be determined through granular silicone patches on the mastoid process, auricle, temporal region, and between the two parietal tubercles. The light emitted through the distal positioning hole 33 designed in this patent coincides with the distal surface markings, thereby determining the puncture direction and point. Light emitted through the proximal positioning hole 35 marks the surface with lines and puncture points. After disinfection of the surgical area, a sterile drape covers the distal markings. The puncture direction can be determined using the proximal markings and puncture points. The depth of entry can be determined using 3D slice software, which measures the distance from the skull surface to the hematoma. The rotational calibrator 8, when two intersecting planes, one perpendicular to the horizontal plane, displays the angle between the other plane and the horizontal plane on the screen. Maintaining this angle, it advances forward to the preset depth. When performing puncture in this manner, the surgeon is in an uncomfortable position and requires correction. The correction device 8 determines the angle between the puncture direction and the body surface, drawing a surface marker line. Puncture along this marker line allows the surgeon to assume a more comfortable position. While maintaining the angle between the puncture direction and the horizontal plane, the correction marker line is drawn, one perpendicular to the horizontal plane at the puncture point, and the other parallel to the horizontal plane. After disinfecting the surgical area and draping it with sterile sheets, the surgery begins. After the surgical incision, bone hole, and dura mater are treated, the predetermined puncture path is punctured through this point. Following the design principles described above, the channel body 54 and the thin drainage tube are placed in the accurate position. Once in the accurate position, the channel body 54 is separated from the rest of the body, and the channel body 54 is fixed. The surgical procedure is then performed, detaching the neuroendoscope 2 and other auxiliary devices. Within the channel body 54, with the assistance of the neuroendoscope 2, the hematoma is cleared. The thick drainage tube 20 is placed in the preset position, detached, fixed, and connected to the drainage device. After the thin drainage tube loading mechanism 16 reaches the preset position, open the limiting cover 18, fix the thin drainage tube, remove the sliding cover 17 along the push-pull groove 14, and press the thin drainage tube through the groove opening onto the bone edge to ensure that the thin drainage tube does not move. Remove the thin drainage tube loading mechanism 16, the neuroendoscope 2, and its auxiliary devices, fix the drainage tube, and connect the drainage device. The neuroendoscope 2 allows observation of the intraventricular structures, ensuring the thin drainage tube is placed in the ideal position.

[0059] This patent's application is not limited to cerebral hemorrhage; it can also be applied to hydrocephalus, brain abscess, and brain tumors. It saves manpower during use, is simple to operate, requires no assistance, and can be performed by a single person, avoiding the risks associated with multiple people working together. It also reduces treatment costs (hospital stay, and surgical procedures). The positioning disc 3 enables accurate positioning. Through the arc-shaped positioning arm 34 on the positioning disc 3, with a distal positioning hole 33 and a proximal positioning hole 35, precise positioning can be achieved based on the patient's head data. The distal positioning hole 33 determines the proximal positioning position, while the proximal positioning hole 35 allows for more precise puncture point and surrounding area measurement.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments were selected and described in detail to better illustrate the technical solution of this invention, and are not intended to limit the scope to the details shown. Modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for accurately placing surgical aids under transcranial visualization, comprising a base, and a neuroendoscopy tube, an imaging end, and a neuroendoscopy light source input end connected to the base, wherein the imaging end and the neuroendoscopy light source input end are located on the same side of the base, characterized in that: The positioning plate is connected via connecting seat B and connecting seat A. Connecting seat A is also equipped with a calibrator, which is located below the positioning plate. The positioning plate has a threaded sleeve that connects to a surgical channel mechanism, a thin drainage tube loading mechanism, or a thick drainage tube. The calibrator includes a housing, a display screen, a distance measuring mechanism, an angle measuring mechanism, a cross calibration mechanism, and a control system. The distance measuring mechanism is located at the top of the housing, and the angle measuring mechanism is located inside the housing. The display screen is located at the bottom of the housing. The display screen, the angle measuring mechanism, and the distance measuring mechanism are electrically connected to the control system, which is located within the housing. Inside, the housing is located on a rotating frame. A cross-shaped calibration mechanism is provided around the rotating frame. This cross-shaped calibration mechanism consists of four inverted L-shaped brackets, each with a light source, arranged in pairs. Each inverted L-shaped bracket includes a rear arm, a front arm, and a fine-tuning head. The front arm is inserted within the rear arm, and an anti-rotation structure is provided on the contact surface between the front and rear arms. A limiting fixing pin is provided on the rear arm. The front arm is connected to the fine-tuning head, which includes a hollow sphere with a strip-shaped opening and slide grooves on both sides of the opening. A sliding plate is provided within each slide groove, and a light source tube is mounted on each sliding plate. The light source and control system on the inverted L-shaped bracket... The rotating frame is connected to the control system via a damping sleeve on the connecting seat A. The connecting seat A and the rotating frame are fixed by a plug. The distance measuring mechanism is an infrared distance measuring device connected to the control system. The angle measuring mechanism is an inclinometer connected to the control system. The light source on the inverted L-shaped bracket is a laser lamp or light transmitted by optical fiber. Both emit light in a "I"-shaped light source plane, which is on the same plane as the light source plane emitted by the opposite inverted L-shaped bracket, and perpendicular to the light source plane formed by the other two opposite inverted L-shaped brackets. In the cross calibration mechanism, three inverted L-shaped brackets are located on the rotating frame, and the other is located on the housing, and is aligned with it. A symmetrical structure is formed by an inverted L-shaped bracket; the positioning disk is a hollow structure, the positioning disk includes a positioning disk shell, the positioning disk shell is provided with 4 arc-shaped positioning arms, the 4 arc-shaped positioning arms form a bowl shape, each positioning arm is provided with two positioning holes, including a distal positioning hole and a proximal positioning hole, the proximal positioning hole is close to the positioning disk, the connecting seat A at the lower end of the positioning disk is provided with a positioning light source inlet end, the positioning light source inlet end connects to the inner cavity of the positioning disk and the distal positioning hole and the proximal positioning hole on the positioning arm, the positioning light source inlet end is inserted with an optical fiber, and the optical fiber extends to the distal positioning hole and the proximal positioning hole.

2. The device for accurately placing surgical aids under transcranial visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surgical channel mechanism includes a channel body, an inner core, and a rotating fixing joint. The end of the rotating fixing joint is threadedly connected to a threaded sleeve on a positioning plate. A raised edge is embedded inside the front end of the rotating fixing joint. The raised edge and the inner core are an integral structure. The inner core includes an expansion part and a core body. The core body is provided with a support mechanism for the expansion part, an endoscope channel, and an irrigation tube. The support mechanism is wrapped around the outside of the endoscope channel. An irrigation port is provided on the side wall of the front part of the irrigation tube. An injection device is connected to the end of the irrigation tube. A limiter is provided at the connection between the inner core and the channel body. Scale lines are provided on the outer wall of the channel body.

3. The device for accurately placing surgical auxiliary instruments under transcranial visualization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support mechanism includes a support frame, a sleeve, and a switch. The support frame consists of multiple sets of three-section umbrella ribs. The upper end of the support frame is fixed to the edge of the endoscope tube by a pin, and the lower end is fixed to the lower edge of the expansion section by a pin. Adjacent umbrella ribs are connected by opposing ball joints. The middle umbrella rib is connected to a telescopic rod, which is fixedly connected to the sleeve. The sleeve has a strip groove, and a limiting block is provided in the strip groove. The limiting block is located on the endoscope tube, and the sleeve is located outside the endoscope tube. The sleeve also has a switch that passes through the limiting groove on the core. An upper spring is provided between the upper end face of the sleeve and the top of the expansion section, and the upper spring is sleeved on the endoscope tube. A lower spring is provided between the lower end of the sleeve and the core. The elastic force of the upper spring is greater than that of the lower spring.

4. The device for accurately placing surgical auxiliary instruments under transcranial visualization according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiter includes a limit shaft, a handle, a spring, an arc-shaped frame, and a clamping part. The clamping part has a C-shaped cross-section and is clamped at the junction of the inner core and the channel body by the edge of the C-shaped structure. The clamping part is also connected to the arc-shaped frame. The arc-shaped frame and the handle are an integral structure and are fixed to the inner core by the limit shaft. A spring is provided between the inner core and the handle.

5. The device for accurately placing surgical aids under transcranial visualization according to claim 3, characterized in that: Another structure of the limiter includes a connecting rod on the inner core. The connecting rod is inverted L-shaped and has a semi-circular groove. The semi-circular groove corresponds to a semi-circular protrusion. The semi-circular protrusion has a hook-shaped pull rod. The hook-shaped pull rod passes through a C-shaped hook and connects to a button. The button has a hook, and the hook is limited within the C-shaped hook. A return spring is provided between the C-shaped hook and the button, and the return spring is sleeved on the hook-shaped pull rod. The channel body has a groove, and the groove corresponds to the hook part of the hook-shaped pull rod. The hook part of the hook-shaped pull rod is precisely embedded in the groove.

6. The device for accurately placing surgical auxiliary instruments under transcranial visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned thin drainage tube loading mechanism includes a main body with a waist-shaped cross-section. The main body has opposing arc-shaped grooves, each containing a neuroendoscopy channel and a thin drainage tube channel. One end of the neuroendoscopy channel is connected to a positioning plate via a connector. The main body has an arc-shaped sliding cover and a limiting cover, with a gap between them. The arc-shaped sliding cover has a handle, and the inner wall of the limiting cover has an arc-shaped rubber pad. The arc-shaped sliding cover is connected to the main body via a push-pull groove. One side of the limiting cover is connected to the main body via an external hinge, and the other side of the limiting cover is connected to the main body via a snap-fit. The thin drainage tube and the neuroendoscopy are integrated into a single structure.

7. The device for accurately placing surgical aids under transcranial visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the coarse drainage tube is fitted onto the connecting thread of the positioning plate. The front end of the coarse drainage tube is provided with an annular retaining edge. The annular retaining edge cooperates with a retaining ring. The retaining ring abuts against the annular retaining edge. The retaining ring is fixed to the front part of the neuroendoscope by threads. The front end face of the neuroendoscope is kept horizontal with the front end face of the coarse drainage tube, and the neuroendoscope is perfectly embedded in the annular retaining edge.

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