Cyclone separator and cyclone separation method

Abstract

This invention provides a cyclone separator and a cyclone separation method. The cyclone separator includes a shell and a central tube. A gas inlet is located at the upper end of the shell, and a shell outlet is located at the lower end. The lower end of the central tube opens into the shell. A baffle structure is provided at the lower end of the central tube, with at least a portion of the baffle structure extending vertically. By setting the baffle structure, this invention cuts off the pathways of centripetal gas, such as short-circuit flow and centripetal flow in the spiral ash band region, weakening the intensity of short-circuit flow, internal swirling flow, and vortex core, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator for fine particulate matter of 1–10 μm and reducing the pressure drop of the cyclone separator, meeting increasingly stringent environmental emission requirements. This invention has a simple structure, is applicable to all tangential-flow cyclone separators, and facilitates the upgrading and retrofitting of existing equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of gas purification and treatment, and in particular to a cyclone separator and a cyclone separation method. Background Technology

[0002] Cyclone separators utilize the density differences of heterogeneous systems to separate particulate matter from fluids within a centrifugal force field created by a high-speed rotating airflow. Cyclone separators offer advantages such as simple structure, low operating and maintenance costs, and high separation efficiency, and are widely used in various fields including coal, petroleum, natural gas, food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as industrial and household vacuum cleaners.

[0003] Cyclone separators utilize centrifugal force to separate gas and solid (liquid) gases. The gas to be treated enters the cyclone separator tangentially along the inlet pipe, and after flowing around the central pipe, forms a downward-sloping rotating motion, commonly referred to as the outer vortex (i.e., the spiral ash band). The downward-sloping outer vortex airflow moves axially along the cyclone separator to the vicinity of the cone outlet, where it reverses direction upwards, forming an inner vortex, and finally exits through the central pipe. As particulate matter follows the rotating motion of the outer vortex airflow, it separates from the main gas stream under the action of centrifugal force, moving radially to the cyclone separator shell wall and being captured.

[0004] Cyclone separators have high separation efficiency for particles with a diameter of 10 μm or larger, but their separation efficiency drops sharply for fine particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, and they are almost unable to separate particles with a diameter of less than 5 μm, which limits the application range of cyclone separators.

[0005] Chinese invention patent CN105498986B discloses a cyclone separator for separating intake and exhaust airflow. By employing a slit at the bottom of the central tube of the cyclone separator, the short-circuit flow within the separator is forced to reverse its swirling direction into the central tube, thereby achieving the separation of 5–10 μm particles. However, this design is prone to failure due to blockage at the slit, and the pressure drop is relatively high due to the reversal of the airflow direction. Furthermore, because the bottom of the central tube remains a through-type structure, it cannot eliminate the radial escape of fine particles in the spiral gray band region following the centripetal airflow, nor the back-mixing of particles caused by the swirling vortex core.

[0006] Chinese invention patent CN106269313B discloses a cyclone separator with guide vanes installed inside a central cylinder. By installing guide vanes inside an offset central cylinder, the mainstream gas flow in the inner swirling flow is forced to have a predominantly vertically upward axial velocity, thereby weakening the inner swirling flow, reducing the separator pressure drop, and improving the separation efficiency of fine particles. However, this solution cannot prevent fine particles from escaping radially with the centripetal gas flow in the short-circuit flow at the bottom of the central tube and in the spiral gray band region.

[0007] US Patent 10,758,921 discloses a multi-stage gas-solid (liquid) separation method that couples cyclone separation with filtration / adsorption separation. The gas to be treated first undergoes pre-separation of larger particles in a cyclone field, followed by secondary filtration / adsorption separation of fine particles / gaseous impurities by a subsequent particle bed, thereby achieving high efficiency, low resistance, and synergistic enhancement of multiple separation mechanisms. However, due to the need for a particle recycling system to ensure long-term stable operation, this equipment is difficult to implement on a small scale and with flexible application.

[0008] Chinese invention patent application CN112191375A discloses a spray-type cyclone separator, which promotes the agglomeration of tiny particles in the airflow by spraying and humidifying the inlet dust-laden gas, thereby increasing the particle size. This provides a solution to improve the separation efficiency of fine particles without a significant increase in equipment pressure drop. However, due to the presence of the liquid phase, this method is not suitable for the separation of gas and solid phases under high-temperature conditions; and because of the addition of the liquid phase, dust particles easily adhere to the separator wall, leading to difficulties in material discharge. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cyclone separator and a cyclone separation method. By setting up a baffle structure to cut off the flow path of radially centripetal gas, such as short-circuit flow and centripetal flow in the spiral gray band region, the internal swirling flow is weakened, and the back mixing of particulate matter caused by short-circuit flow, centripetal flow in the spiral gray band region, and swirling vortex core is eliminated. This improves the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator for fine particulate matter with a particle size of 1 to 10 μm, reduces the pressure drop of the cyclone separator, and thus meets the requirements of high efficiency and low resistance of the cyclone separator, satisfying increasingly stringent environmental emission requirements.

[0010] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0011] The present invention provides a cyclone separator, comprising: a shell and a central tube, wherein a gas inlet is provided at the upper end of the shell and a shell outlet is provided at the lower end of the shell; the lower end of the central tube is opened inside the shell; and a baffle structure is provided at the lower end of the central tube, at least a portion of the baffle structure extending vertically.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the barrier structure includes a first baffle fixed to the lower end of the central tube, the first baffle extending axially along the central tube and covering a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the central tube is a cylindrical tube, the first baffle is a first arc-shaped plate, and the first baffle and the gas inlet are arranged opposite each other in the circumferential direction; the height of the central tube extending from the upper end of the shell into the shell is denoted as S1, and the height of the first baffle is denoted as S2, satisfying: 0.2≤(S2 / S1)≤2.0.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the barrier structure is fixed to the lower end of the central tube. The barrier structure includes a plurality of second baffles distributed along the axial direction of the central tube. The second baffles extend along the axial direction of the central tube and cover a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube. Adjacent second baffles are arranged opposite each other in the circumferential direction and at least partially overlap in the circumferential direction.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the central tube is a cylindrical tube, a portion of the second baffle is a second arc-shaped plate extending in a cylindrical shape, and a portion of the second baffle is a conical plate extending in a conical shape. The conical plate gradually tapers from the upper end to the lower end and is located at the lower end of the second arc-shaped plate. The baffle structure includes a vortex stabilizer connected to the lower end of the conical plate, and the vortex stabilizer extends along the axial direction of the central tube.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the baffle structure includes a spiral baffle fixed to the lower end of the central tube, the spiral baffle extending spirally along the axial direction of the central tube, the upper end of the spiral baffle being arranged opposite to the gas inlet in the circumferential direction; the lower end of the spiral baffle is connected to a vortex stabilizer rod, the vortex stabilizer rod extending along the axial direction of the central tube.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the baffle structure includes a first baffle fixed to the lower end of the central tube, the first baffle extending axially along the central tube and covering a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube; a spiral baffle is connected to the lower middle part of the first baffle, the spiral baffle extending spirally along the axial direction of the central tube; a vortex stabilizer is connected to the lower end of the spiral baffle, the vortex stabilizer extending axially along the central tube.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the cyclone separator includes a gas injection device for injecting gas downwards to form an air curtain, the air curtain being configured as the barrier structure.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the housing includes a first cylindrical tube and a first conical tube, the first conical tube being connected to the lower end of the first cylindrical tube; an ash hopper is provided at the lower end of the first conical tube, the ash hopper including a second cylindrical tube and a second conical tube, the second conical tube being connected to the lower end of the second cylindrical tube; the inner diameter of the second cylindrical tube is larger than the inner diameter of the lower end of the first conical tube.

[0020] This invention provides a cyclone separation method using the cyclone separator described above. The cyclone separation method includes: the gas to be treated enters the housing through the gas inlet; the particulate matter separated under centrifugal force is discharged downward through the housing outlet; the purified gas is discharged upward through the central tube; and the baffle structure prevents particulate matter from entering the central tube with the radially moving airflow.

[0021] The features and advantages of this invention are:

[0022] The baffle structure effectively isolates the spiral ash band in the outer swirling flow region from the inner swirling flow, cutting off the path of centripetal gas such as the short-circuit flow and the centripetal flow in the spiral ash band region. It weakens the intensity of the short-circuit flow, the inner swirling flow, and the swirling vortex core, and reduces the turbulence intensity of the inner swirling flow. It eliminates the back-mixing of particulate matter caused by the short-circuit flow, the centripetal flow in the spiral ash band region, and the swirling vortex core, preventing a large amount of particulate matter from entering the inner swirling flow. This effectively improves the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator, especially the separation effect of fine particles of 1-10μm. At the same time, it reduces the pressure drop of the cyclone separator, achieving the requirement of high efficiency and low resistance for the cyclone separator. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the cyclone separator provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the unfolded view of the central tube and baffle structure in the cyclone separator.

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the cyclone separator provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shows the unfolded view of the central tube and baffle structure in the cyclone separator.

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the cyclone separator provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the unfolded view of the central tube and baffle structure in the cyclone separator.

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the cyclone separator provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The diagram shows the unfolded view of the central tube and baffle structure in the cyclone separator.

[0032] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the cyclone separator provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 for Figure 9 The diagram shows the unfolded view of the central tube and baffle structure in the cyclone separator.

[0034] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shell and ash hopper in the cyclone separator provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 12 A top view of the cyclone separator provided by the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0037] 11. Gas inlet; 12. Shell outlet;

[0038] 2. Shell; 21. First cylindrical tube; 22. First conical tube;

[0039] 201. Top slab;

[0040] 3. Ash hopper; 31. Second cylindrical cylinder; 32. Second conical cylinder;

[0041] 4. Discharge pipe;

[0042] 5. Central tube;

[0043] 6. Barrier structure

[0044] 61. First baffle; 611. First arc-shaped plate;

[0045] 62. Second baffle; 621. Second arc-shaped plate; 622. Conical plate;

[0046] 63. Spiral baffle;

[0047] 64. Air curtain; 7. Gas injection device; 71. Nozzle;

[0048] 8. Stabilizing worm gear. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The inventors conducted research on cyclone separators. The internal flow field of the cyclone separator is a non-axisymmetric "double-vortex" strong swirling turbulent field, divided into an outer swirling flow region and an inner swirling flow region by the cylindrical surface where the central tube 5 is located. In the outer swirling flow region, the dust-laden gas introduced tangentially along the gas inlet 11 flows around the central tube 5 and forms and develops into a spiral downward-facing ribbon-like dust-laden gas flow body with a certain spiral angle and width at its lower 180° azimuth angle, namely the spiral ash ribbon. The gas in the spiral ash ribbon is divided into two parts: one part, as it rotates downward with the spiral ash ribbon and reaches the vicinity of the outlet of the first conical cylinder 22, turns back upward to form an inner swirling flow; the other part, as the spiral ash ribbon rotates downward, merges into the inner swirling flow radially and centripetally. Because the lower opening of the central tube 5 is located at the negative pressure center of the cyclone separator's flow field, the dust-laden gas flowing around the central tube 5 easily generates a strong short-circuit flow at its lower 180° azimuth angle, causing a large number of particles to directly merge into the inner swirling flow and escape. In the spiral ash zone, most particles can move towards the wall of shell 2 under centrifugal force and thus be separated. However, for particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, due to their strong ability to follow the fluid, they directly flow radially into the inner swirling flow under the action of the centripetal gas flow. Furthermore, due to the intense turbulence of the fluid in the inner swirling flow zone, these particles are essentially unable to be separated again. The inner swirling flow from the lower end face of the central tube 5 to the outlet of the first conical cylinder 22 is not limited by a physical interface. Therefore, the tail of the inner swirling flow cannot be fixed and is in a strong oscillating state, thus forming the so-called swirling vortex core, commonly known as the "tail swing" phenomenon. The oscillating swirling gas strongly disturbs the particles descending to the outlet of the first conical cylinder 22 and the ash hopper 3, leading to severe backmixing of particles. The aforementioned defects in the internal flow field of the cyclone separator, including the short-circuit flow at the 180° azimuth angle at the lower end of the central tube 5, the centripetal flow in the spiral gray band region, and the swirling vortex core, easily cause back-mixing of particles. This leads to a sharp decrease in the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator for fine particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, and it is difficult to use it for the separation of particles smaller than 5 μm, thus limiting the application of cyclone separators in the field of fine particle separation. In addition, the intense swirling friction of the internal swirling gas also leads to a large amount of energy dissipation, which manifests as a high pressure drop in the equipment.

[0051] Therefore, the inventors made improvements to the cyclone separator.

[0052] Option 1

[0053] This invention provides a cyclone separator, such as Figures 1-11 As shown, the cyclone separator includes: a shell 2 and a central tube 5. The upper end of the shell 2 is provided with a gas inlet 11, and the lower end of the shell 2 is provided with a shell outlet 12. The lower end of the central tube 5 is opened inside the shell 2. The lower end of the central tube 5 is provided with a baffle structure 6, and at least part of the baffle structure 6 extends vertically.

[0054] The gas to be treated enters the shell 2 tangentially along the gas inlet 11, forming an outer swirling flow and an inner swirling flow bounded by the cylindrical surface where the central tube 5 is located. In the outer swirling flow, as the main airflow spirals downwards, most particles separate from the main airflow under the action of centrifugal force, moving radially towards the wall of the shell 2. After being captured by the wall of the shell 2, they move downwards along the wall of the shell 2 and are discharged from the shell outlet 12. When the downward outer swirling flow moves axially along the shell 2 to near the shell outlet 12, it turns upwards, forming an inner swirling flow, which is discharged through the central tube 5.

[0055] The baffle structure 6 effectively isolates the spiral ash band in the outer swirling flow region from the inner swirling flow, cutting off the path of centripetal gas movement such as the short-circuit flow and the centripetal flow in the spiral ash band region. It weakens the intensity of the short-circuit flow, the inner swirling flow, and the swirling vortex core, and reduces the turbulence intensity of the inner swirling flow. It eliminates the back-mixing of particulate matter caused by the short-circuit flow, the centripetal flow in the spiral ash band region, and the swirling vortex core, preventing a large amount of particulate matter from entering the inner swirling flow. This effectively improves the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator, especially the separation effect of fine particles of 1-10μm. At the same time, due to the presence of the baffle structure 6, the swirling motion of the inner swirling flow can be weakened, thereby reducing the internal friction of the gas, reducing the pressure drop of the cyclone separator, and achieving the requirement of high efficiency and low resistance for the cyclone separator.

[0056] The central tube 5 is preferably a cylindrical tube; the shell 2 includes a first cylindrical tube 21 and a first conical tube 22, the first conical tube 22 being connected to the lower end of the first cylindrical tube 21; an ash hopper 3 is provided at the lower end of the first conical tube 22, the ash hopper 3 including a second cylindrical tube 31 and a second conical tube 32, the second conical tube 32 being connected to the lower end of the second cylindrical tube 31; the inner diameter of the second cylindrical tube 31 is larger than the inner diameter of the lower end of the first conical tube 22. Figure 11 As shown, the lower part of the second conical cylinder 32 is connected to the discharge pipe 4; the captured particles move downwards along the walls of the first cylindrical cylinder 21 and the first conical cylinder 22 to the second cylindrical cylinder 31 of the ash hopper 3, and then through the second conical cylinder 32 to the discharge pipe 4 for discharge. Specifically, the top of the first cylindrical cylinder 21 is sealed with a top plate 201; the first cylindrical cylinder 21 and the first conical cylinder 22 are coaxial and directly connected in a sealed manner. The central tube 5 is sealed through the center of the top plate 201, and the central tube 5 is arranged coaxially and parallel to the shell 2. Preferably, the ratio of the height to the diameter of the first cylindrical cylinder 21 is in the range of 2 to 5.

[0057] The gas inlet 11 is tangentially positioned on the upper sidewall of the first cylindrical tube 21. The line connecting the point of tangency between the gas inlet 11 and the first cylindrical tube 21 and the center is defined as a 0° azimuth angle, and the azimuth angle is positioned clockwise. Specifically, the gas inlet 11 can be a tangential inlet or a volute-type inlet. The cross-section of the gas inlet 11 is preferably rectangular, with an aspect ratio ranging from 1.8 to 2.5. Figure 12 As shown, the ratio of the tangent c of the gas inlet 11 to the width of the gas inlet 11 is preferably between 0 and 1, and more preferably, the ratio of the tangent c of the gas inlet 11 to the width of the gas inlet 11 is equal to 1 / 3. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas inlet 11 to the cross-sectional area of ​​the first cylindrical tube 21 is between 1 / 3 and 1 / 6, wherein the cross-section of the gas inlet 11 is parallel to the axial direction of the first cylindrical tube 21, and the cross-section of the first cylindrical tube 21 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first cylindrical tube 21. The height by which the central tube 5 extends from the upper end of the housing 2 into the housing 2 is denoted as S1. Further, the ratio of S1 to the height of the gas inlet 11 is between 0.8 and 1.2, and more preferably, this ratio is equal to 1.0.

[0058] The baffle structure 6 is located at the lower end of the central tube 5. The baffle structure 6 extends axially along the central tube 5 and covers a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube 5, thus blocking the radial flow of gas. There are various ways to form the baffle structure 6. To improve the separation effect on fine particulate matter, the inventors made further improvements.

[0059] In some embodiments, the baffle structure 6 includes a first baffle 61 fixed to the lower end of the central tube 5, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first baffle 61 extends axially along the central tube 5 and covers a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube 5. Considering that the lower end of the central tube 5 is located at the negative pressure center of the cyclone separator flow field, the gas to be treated flowing around the central tube 5 will generate a strong short-circuit flow at the 180° azimuth angle at the lower end of the central tube 5, causing particles to tend to merge into the inner vortex. In this embodiment, the first baffle 61 located at the lower end of the central tube 5 can cut off the radial flow path of the gas, eliminate the short-circuit flow, and thereby improve the separation efficiency of fine particles.

[0060] The first baffle 61 is directly and sealed to the lower end face of the central tube 5. Further, the first baffle 61 is a first arc-shaped plate 611, and the first baffle 61 and the gas inlet 11 are arranged opposite each other in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the first baffle 61 is concentric with the central tube 5, and the center of the first baffle 61 is located at a 180° azimuth angle; the first baffle 61 is a first arc-shaped plate 611 with an arc-shaped facade and an arc angle of 180°, that is, the central angle of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube 5 covered by the first baffle 61 is 180°. Figure 2As shown, the central tube 5 and the first baffle 61 are unfolded into a plane, and the width l of the unfolded first baffle 61 is equal to half the circumference of the central tube 5. Further, the height of the first baffle 61 is denoted as S2, which satisfies: 0.2 ≤ (S2 / S1) ≤ 2.0. Preferably, (S2 / S1) = 0.7.

[0061] In some embodiments, the baffle structure 6 is fixed to the lower end of the central tube 5, and the baffle structure 6 includes a plurality of second baffles 62 distributed along the axial direction of the central tube 5, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the second baffle 62 extends axially along the central tube 5 and covers a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube 5. Adjacent second baffles 62 are arranged opposite each other in the circumferential direction and at least partially overlap in the circumferential direction. Considering that in the outer swirling zone, the gas to be treated introduced into the housing 2 through the gas inlet 11 flows around the central tube 5 and forms and develops into a spiral downward ribbon-shaped dust-laden airflow with a certain helical angle and width at the lower 180° azimuth angle of the central tube 5, i.e., a spiral dust ribbon; and the lower end of the central tube 5 is located at the negative pressure center of the cyclone separator flow field, the gas to be treated flowing around the central tube 5 will generate a strong short-circuit flow at the lower 180° azimuth angle of the central tube 5, causing the particles to tend to merge into the inner swirling flow. In this embodiment, the second baffle 62 located at the lower end of the central tube 5 can cut off the radial flow path of the gas, eliminate the short-circuit flow, and improve the separation efficiency of fine particles. Considering that fine particles smaller than 10 μm have a strong ability to follow fluid movement, in the spiral gray band region, fine particles smaller than 10 μm are easily directly drawn into the inner swirling flow and escape under the action of centripetal gas flow. In this embodiment, the second baffle 62 distributed along the central tube 5 axially isolates the spiral gray band in the outer swirling flow region from the inner swirling flow, preventing the centripetal flow in the spiral gray band region from carrying a large number of particles into the inner swirling flow, reducing the turbulence intensity of the inner swirling flow, improving the separation efficiency of fine particles, and reducing the pressure drop of the equipment.

[0062] The uppermost second baffle 62 is directly and sealed to the lower end face of the central tube 5; the uppermost second baffle 62 and the gas inlet 11 are arranged opposite each other in the circumferential direction, and two adjacent second baffles 62 are arranged opposite each other in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the second baffles 62 are concentric with the central tube 5, the center of the uppermost second baffle 62 is arranged at a 180° azimuth angle, and the center of the second layer of second baffles 62 is arranged at a 0° azimuth angle. Further, a portion of the second baffles 62 are second arc-shaped plates 621 extending in a cylindrical shape, and a portion of the second baffles 62 are conical plates 622 extending in a conical shape. The conical plate 622 is located at the lower end of the second arc-shaped plate 621, and the outer diameter of the conical plate 622 gradually decreases from the upper end to the lower end.

[0063] like Figure 3As shown, the second arc-shaped plate 621 has an arc-shaped facade with an arc angle of (180°+2α), where α is the overlap degree of two adjacent layers of the second arc-shaped plate 621, that is, the central angle of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube 5 covered by the second arc-shaped plate 621 is (180°+2α). Figure 4 As shown, the central tube 5 and the second baffle 62 are unfolded into a plane. The width of the unfolded second arc plate 621 is greater than half the circumference of the central tube 5, and the difference between the two is 2d. Preferably, 6°≤α≤18, and the coincident arc length d satisfies: d≥10mm.

[0064] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the second baffle 62, at least partially located within the first cylindrical tube 21, is a second arc-shaped plate 621, and the second baffle 62, at least partially located within the first conical tube 22, is a conical plate 622. Further, the second arc-shaped plate 621 and the conical plate 622 have equal heights, denoted as S3, preferably: 0.5 ≤ (S3 / S1) ≤ 2.0. More preferably, (S3 / S1) = 1.

[0065] Furthermore, the baffle structure 6 includes a vortex stabilizer 8 connected to the lower end of the conical plate 622. The vortex stabilizer 8 extends axially along the central tube 5. The vortex stabilizer 8 weakens the backmixing of particles caused by the oscillation of the vortex core, thereby further improving the separation efficiency. The second baffle 62 is coaxial and parallel to the shell 2. The second baffle 62 at the first conical cylinder 22 gradually contracts to the lower part of the first conical cylinder 22 and connects to the vortex stabilizer 8. Preferably, the vortex stabilizer 8 extends to the second conical cylinder 32, and the vortex stabilizer 8 can be a solid column.

[0066] In some embodiments, the baffle structure 6 includes a spiral baffle 63 fixed to the lower end of the central tube 5, such as... Figure 5As shown, the spiral baffle 63 extends spirally along the axial direction of the central tube 5, and the upper end of the spiral baffle 63 is arranged opposite to the gas inlet 11 in the circumferential direction. Considering that in the outer swirling zone, the gas to be treated introduced into the housing 2 through the gas inlet 11 flows around the central tube 5 and forms and develops into a spiral downward ribbon-shaped dust-laden airflow with a certain spiral angle and width at the lower 180° azimuth angle of the central tube 5, i.e., a spiral ash ribbon; and the lower end of the central tube 5 is located at the negative pressure center of the cyclone separator flow field, the gas to be treated flowing around the central tube 5 will generate a strong short-circuit flow at the lower 180° azimuth angle of the central tube 5, causing the particles to tend to merge into the inner swirling flow. In this embodiment, the spiral baffle 63 can cut off the radial flow path of the gas, eliminate the short-circuit flow, and improve the separation efficiency. Considering that fine particles smaller than 10 μm have a strong ability to follow fluid movement, in the spiral gray band region, fine particles smaller than 10 μm are easily directly drawn radially into the inner swirling flow and escape under the action of centripetal gas flow. In this embodiment, the spiral baffle 63 isolates the spiral gray band in the outer swirling flow region from the inner swirling flow, preventing the centripetal flow in the spiral gray band region from carrying a large number of particles into the inner swirling flow and reducing the turbulence intensity of the inner swirling flow, thereby improving the separation efficiency of fine particles and reducing the pressure drop of the equipment.

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, the spiral baffle 63 is spiral-shaped, starting at a 180° azimuth angle from the lower end of the central tube 5. The axis of the spiral baffle 63 is coaxial and parallel to the shell 2. The spiral direction of the spiral baffle 63 can be clockwise or counterclockwise. Further, as... Figure 6 As shown, the central tube 5 and the spiral baffle 63 are unfolded into a plane. The ratio of the width w of the spiral baffle 63 to the height of the gas inlet 11 is in the range of 0.8 to 2.1. The spiral angle θ of the spiral baffle 63 is in the range of 15° to 75°. The spiral angle θ of the spiral baffle 63 is close to or equal to the spiral angle of the spiral downward ribbon-shaped dust-laden airflow body. The width w of the spiral baffle 63 is close to or equal to the width of the spiral downward ribbon-shaped dust-laden airflow body.

[0068] Furthermore, a vortex stabilizer 8 is connected to the lower end of the spiral baffle 63. The vortex stabilizer 8 extends axially along the central tube 5. The vortex stabilizer 8 located at the lower part of the spiral baffle 63 can effectively reduce the back mixing of particles caused by the oscillation of the vortex core, further improving the separation efficiency. The spiral baffle 63 gradually spirals and contracts at the lower part of the first conical cylinder 22, where it is connected to the vortex stabilizer 8.

[0069] In other implementations, such as Figure 7As shown, the baffle structure 6 also includes a first baffle 61 fixed to the lower end of the central tube 5. The first baffle 61 extends axially along the central tube 5 and covers a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube 5. A spiral baffle 63 is connected to the lower middle part of the first baffle 61, and the spiral baffle 63 extends spirally along the axial direction of the central tube 5. A vortex stabilizer 8 is connected to the lower end of the spiral baffle 63, and the vortex stabilizer 8 extends axially along the central tube 5. The first baffle 61 can cut off the radial flow path of the gas, effectively eliminating short-circuit flow at this point, thereby improving the separation efficiency. By setting the spiral baffle 63, the spiral ash band in the outer swirling flow area is isolated from the inner swirling flow, preventing the centripetal flow in the spiral ash band area from carrying a large amount of particulate matter into the inner swirling flow, and reducing the turbulence intensity of the inner swirling flow, thereby improving the separation efficiency of fine particulate matter and reducing the pressure drop of the equipment. At the same time, the vortex stabilizer 8 at the lower part of the spiral baffle 63 can effectively weaken the back mixing of particulate matter caused by the oscillation of the vortex core, further improving the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator.

[0070] Furthermore, the first baffle 61 is directly and sealed to the lower end face of the central tube 5. The first baffle 61 is a first arc-shaped plate 611, and the first baffle 61 and the gas inlet 11 are arranged opposite each other in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the first baffle 61 is concentric with the central tube 5, and the center of the first baffle 61 is arranged at an azimuth angle of 180°; the first baffle 61 has an arc-shaped facade with an arc angle of 180°, that is, the central angle of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube 5 covered by the first baffle 61 is 180°. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the central tube 5, the first baffle 61, and the spiral baffle 63 are unfolded into a plane. The width l of the unfolded first baffle 61 is equal to half the circumference of the central tube 5. Further, the height of the first baffle 61 is denoted as S2, which satisfies: 0.2 ≤ (S2 / S1) ≤ 2.0. Preferably, (S2 / S1) = 0.7. The spiral baffle 63 is a spiral strip, starting from the lower middle part of the first baffle 61, and is coaxial and parallel to the shell 2. The spiral baffle 63 gradually spirals and contracts at the lower part of the first conical cylinder 22, and connects to the stabilizing rod 8. The ratio of the width w of the spiral baffle 63 to the inlet height of the cyclone separator ranges from 0.8 to 2.1, the spiral angle θ of the spiral baffle 63 ranges from 15° to 75°, the spiral angle θ of the spiral baffle 63 is close to or equal to the spiral angle of the spiral downward ribbon-shaped dust-laden airflow, and the width w of the spiral baffle 63 is close to or equal to the width of the spiral downward ribbon-shaped dust-laden airflow.

[0071] In other embodiments, the cyclone separator includes a gas injection device 7 for downwardly injecting gas to form an air curtain 64, which is configured as a barrier structure 6. Considering that the lower end of the central tube 5 is located at the negative pressure center of the cyclone separator's flow field, the gas to be treated flowing around the central tube 5 will generate a strong short-circuit flow at a 180° azimuth angle at the lower end of the central tube 5, causing particles to tend to merge into the inner vortex. In this embodiment, such as... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the steam or other inert gas jet ejected by the gas injection device 7 forms an air curtain 64 at the lower end of the central tube 5. The air curtain 64 can effectively eliminate short-circuit flow. At the same time, the jet steam or other inert gas generates a centrifugal drag force on the particles in the outer swirling zone, increasing the centrifugal acceleration of the particles in this region, which is beneficial to improving the separation efficiency of fine particles. Preferably, the arc angle of the formed air curtain 64 is 180°.

[0072] Furthermore, the gas injection device 7 includes multiple nozzles 71. The high-speed jets of steam or other inert gas ejected from the nozzles 71 form an arc-shaped facade, thereby creating an air curtain 64 at the lower end of the central tube 5. Specifically, the gas injection device 7 includes at least three sets of nozzles 71, which are installed in the upper middle part of the side wall of the central tube 5, with the installation azimuth angle of the nozzles 71 between 90° and 270°. Figure 10 As shown, the jet influence length of nozzle 71 is denoted as S4, which satisfies: 0.5 ≤ (S4 / S1) ≤ 2.0. Preferably, (S4 / S1) = 1.0. The angle between nozzle 71 and the side wall of the central tube 5 is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the spray angle of nozzle 71, where the spray angle is the cone angle of the conical jet ejected by nozzle 71.

[0073] This cyclone separator improves the separation efficiency of particulate matter, especially for fine particles of 1–10 μm; at the same time, it reduces the pressure drop of the cyclone separator, meeting increasingly stringent environmental emission requirements; the cyclone separator also features a simple structure, is applicable to all tangential flow cyclone separators, and facilitates the upgrading and retrofitting of existing equipment.

[0074] Option 2

[0075] The present invention provides a cyclone separation method using the above-described cyclone separator. The cyclone separation method includes: the gas to be treated enters the housing 2 through the gas inlet 11, wherein the separated particles under the action of centrifugal force are discharged downward through the housing outlet 12, the purified gas is discharged upward through the central tube 5, and the baffle structure 6 prevents the particles from entering the central tube 5 with the radially moving airflow.

[0076] Most of the particulate matter in the gas to be treated separates from the main airflow under the action of centrifugal force, moves radially towards the wall of the shell 2, is captured by the wall of the shell 2, moves downward along the wall of the shell 2, and is discharged from the shell outlet 12. The baffle structure 6 can effectively isolate the spiral ash band in the outer swirling flow zone from the inner swirling flow, cut off the path of centripetal flow and centripetal gas in the short-circuit flow and spiral ash band region, weaken the intensity of short-circuit flow, inner swirling flow and vortex core, and reduce the turbulence intensity of inner swirling flow. It eliminates the back mixing of particulate matter caused by short-circuit flow, centripetal flow in the spiral ash band region and vortex core, prevents a large number of particulate matter from entering the inner swirling flow, effectively improves the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator, especially the separation effect of fine particulate matter of 1 to 10 μm; at the same time, it reduces the pressure drop of the cyclone separator, achieving the requirement of high efficiency and low resistance of the cyclone separator.

[0077] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention based on the content disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cyclone separator, characterized in that, include: The device comprises a housing and a central tube. The upper end of the housing is provided with a gas inlet, and the lower end of the housing is provided with a housing outlet. The lower end of the central tube is opened inside the housing. The lower end of the central tube is provided with a baffle structure for preventing particulate matter from entering the central tube with the radially moving airflow. At least a portion of the baffle structure extends vertically. The initial connection position of the baffle structure on the central tube is arranged opposite to the gas inlet in the circumferential direction. The baffle structure has a baffle that can partially block the outer peripheral wall of the area below the central tube. The gas to be treated entering from the gas inlet forms an outer swirling flow and an inner swirling flow bounded by the cylindrical surface where the central tube is located. The outer swirling flow is a spiral gray band spiraling downwards with a certain helical angle and width. The baffle is used to isolate the spiral gray band from the inner swirling flow. The cyclone separator includes a gas injection device for injecting gas downwards to form an air curtain, which is configured as the barrier structure.

2. The cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barrier structure is fixed to the lower end of the central tube. The barrier structure includes a plurality of second baffles distributed along the axial direction of the central tube. The second baffles extend along the axial direction of the central tube and cover a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube. Adjacent second baffles are arranged opposite each other in the circumferential direction and at least partially overlap in the circumferential direction.

3. The cyclone separator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The central tube is a cylindrical tube, a portion of the second baffle is a second arc-shaped plate extending in a cylindrical shape, and a portion of the second baffle is a conical plate extending in a conical shape. The conical plate gradually tapers from the upper end to the lower end, and the conical plate is located at the lower end of the second arc-shaped plate. The barrier structure includes a vortex stabilizer connected to the lower end of the conical plate, the vortex stabilizer extending axially along the central tube.

4. The cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baffle structure includes a spiral baffle fixed to the lower end of the central tube. The spiral baffle extends spirally along the axial direction of the central tube, and the upper end of the spiral baffle is arranged opposite to the gas inlet in the circumferential direction. The lower end of the spiral baffle is connected to a vortex stabilizer rod, which extends along the axial direction of the central tube.

5. The cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barrier structure includes a first baffle fixed to the lower end of the central tube, the first baffle extending along the axial direction of the central tube and covering a portion of the circumferential area of ​​the sidewall of the central tube; A spiral baffle is connected to the lower middle part of the first baffle, and the spiral baffle extends spirally along the axial direction of the central tube; a vortex stabilizer is connected to the lower end of the spiral baffle, and the vortex stabilizer extends along the axial direction of the central tube.

6. The cyclone separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell includes a first cylindrical tube and a first conical tube, the first conical tube being connected to the lower end of the first cylindrical tube; an ash hopper is provided at the lower end of the first conical tube, the ash hopper including a second cylindrical tube and a second conical tube, the second conical tube being connected to the lower end of the second cylindrical tube; the inner diameter of the second cylindrical tube is larger than the inner diameter of the lower end of the first conical tube.

7. A cyclone separation method, characterized in that, Using any one of claims 1-6, the cyclone separation method includes: the gas to be treated enters the housing through the gas inlet, wherein the particulate matter separated under centrifugal force is discharged downward through the housing outlet, the purified gas is discharged upward through the central tube, and the baffle structure prevents particulate matter from entering the central tube with the radially moving airflow.

Images